deepseek_v2.py

# Copyright 2023-2024 SGLang Team
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

# Adapted from:
# https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/fb6af8bc086328ca6659e72d11ffd4309ce4de22/vllm/model_executor/models/deepseek_v2.py
"""Inference-only DeepseekV2 model."""
from __future__ import annotations

import concurrent.futures
import logging
import os
from enum import IntEnum, auto
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import nn
from transformers import PretrainedConfig

from sglang.srt.configs.model_config import (
    get_nsa_index_head_dim,
    get_nsa_index_n_heads,
    get_nsa_index_topk,
    is_deepseek_nsa,
)
from sglang.srt.distributed import (
    get_moe_expert_parallel_world_size,
    get_pp_group,
    get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size,
    parallel_state,
    tensor_model_parallel_all_reduce,
)
from sglang.srt.distributed.device_communicators.pynccl_allocator import (
    use_symmetric_memory,
)
from sglang.srt.eplb.expert_distribution import get_global_expert_distribution_recorder
from sglang.srt.eplb.expert_location import ModelConfigForExpertLocation
from sglang.srt.eplb.expert_location_dispatch import ExpertLocationDispatchInfo
from sglang.srt.layers import deep_gemm_wrapper
from sglang.srt.layers.activation import SiluAndMul
from sglang.srt.layers.amx_utils import PackWeightMethod
from sglang.srt.layers.attention.npu_ops.mla_preprocess import (
    NPUFusedMLAPreprocess,
    is_mla_preprocess_enabled,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.attention.nsa.nsa_indexer import Indexer
from sglang.srt.layers.communicator import (
    LayerCommunicator,
    LayerScatterModes,
    enable_moe_dense_fully_dp,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.dp_attention import (
    get_attention_tp_rank,
    get_attention_tp_size,
    is_dp_attention_enabled,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.layernorm import RMSNorm
from sglang.srt.layers.linear import (
    ColumnParallelLinear,
    MergedColumnParallelLinear,
    ReplicatedLinear,
    RowParallelLinear,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.logits_processor import LogitsProcessor
from sglang.srt.layers.moe import (
    get_deepep_mode,
    get_moe_a2a_backend,
    should_use_flashinfer_cutlass_moe_fp4_allgather,
    should_use_flashinfer_trtllm_moe,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.moe.ep_moe.layer import DeepEPMoE, get_moe_impl_class
from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.layer import FusedMoE
from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopK, TopKOutputFormat
from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.base_config import QuantizationConfig
from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.fp8_kernel import (
    is_fp8_fnuz,
    per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8,
    per_token_group_quant_mla_deep_gemm_masked_fp8,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.fp8_utils import (
    block_quant_dequant,
    block_quant_to_tensor_quant,
    channel_quant_to_tensor_quant,
    normalize_e4m3fn_to_e4m3fnuz,
    quant_weight_ue8m0,
    requant_weight_ue8m0_inplace,
    transform_scale_ue8m0_inplace,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.int8_utils import (
    block_dequant as int8_block_dequant,
)
from sglang.srt.layers.radix_attention import RadixAttention
from sglang.srt.layers.rotary_embedding import get_rope_wrapper
from sglang.srt.layers.utils import PPMissingLayer, get_layer_id
from sglang.srt.layers.vocab_parallel_embedding import (
    ParallelLMHead,
    VocabParallelEmbedding,
)
from sglang.srt.model_executor.forward_batch_info import ForwardBatch, PPProxyTensors
from sglang.srt.model_loader.weight_utils import default_weight_loader
from sglang.srt.server_args import get_global_server_args
from sglang.srt.single_batch_overlap import SboFlags
from sglang.srt.speculative.spec_info import SpeculativeAlgorithm
from sglang.srt.two_batch_overlap import (
    MaybeTboDeepEPDispatcher,
    model_forward_maybe_tbo,
)
from sglang.srt.utils import (
    BumpAllocator,
    LazyValue,
    add_prefix,
    bind_or_assign,
    cpu_has_amx_support,
    get_bool_env_var,
    get_device_sm,
    get_int_env_var,
    is_cpu,
    is_cuda,
    is_flashinfer_available,
    is_gfx95_supported,
    is_hip,
    is_non_idle_and_non_empty,
    is_npu,
    is_nvidia_cublas_cu12_version_ge_12_9,
    is_sm100_supported,
    log_info_on_rank0,
    make_layers,
    use_intel_amx_backend,
)

_is_hip = is_hip()
_is_cuda = is_cuda()
_is_npu = is_npu()
_is_fp8_fnuz = is_fp8_fnuz()
_use_aiter = get_bool_env_var("SGLANG_USE_AITER") and _is_hip
_is_cpu_amx_available = cpu_has_amx_support()
_is_cpu = is_cpu()
_device_sm = get_device_sm()
_is_gfx95_supported = is_gfx95_supported()

_use_aiter_gfx95 = _use_aiter and _is_gfx95_supported

if _use_aiter_gfx95:
    from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.quark.utils import quark_post_load_weights
    from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.rocm_mxfp4_utils import (
        batched_gemm_afp4wfp4_pre_quant,
        fused_flatten_mxfp4_quant,
        fused_rms_mxfp4_quant,
    )
    from sglang.srt.layers.rocm_linear_utils import (
        aiter_dsv3_router_gemm,
        fused_qk_rope_cat,
        get_dsv3_gemm_output_zero_allocator_size,
    )

if _is_cuda:
    from sgl_kernel import (
        awq_dequantize,
        bmm_fp8,
        concat_mla_k,
        dsv3_fused_a_gemm,
        dsv3_router_gemm,
        merge_state_v2,
    )
elif _is_cpu and _is_cpu_amx_available:
    pass
elif _is_hip:
    from sglang.srt.layers.attention.triton_ops.rocm_mla_decode_rope import (
        decode_attention_fwd_grouped_rope,
    )
    from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.awq_triton import (
        awq_dequantize_triton as awq_dequantize,
    )
elif _is_npu:
    import custom_ops  # noqa: F401
    import sgl_kernel_npu  # noqa: F401
    import torch_npu  # noqa: F401
else:
    pass

_is_flashinfer_available = is_flashinfer_available()
_is_sm100_supported = is_cuda() and is_sm100_supported()
_is_cublas_ge_129 = is_nvidia_cublas_cu12_version_ge_12_9()


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def enable_nextn_moe_bf16_cast_to_fp8(quant_config):
    return (
        quant_config is not None
        and quant_config.get_name() == "modelopt_fp4"
        and get_moe_a2a_backend().is_deepep()
    )


FORWARD_ABSORB_CORE_ATTENTION_BACKENDS = [
    "fa3",
    "nsa",
    "flashinfer",
    "cutlass_mla",
    "trtllm_mla",
    "ascend",
]


def add_forward_absorb_core_attention_backend(backend_name):
    if backend_name not in FORWARD_ABSORB_CORE_ATTENTION_BACKENDS:
        FORWARD_ABSORB_CORE_ATTENTION_BACKENDS.append(backend_name)
        logger.info(f"Added {backend_name} to FORWARD_ABSORB_CORE_ATTENTION_BACKENDS.")


class AttnForwardMethod(IntEnum):
    # Use multi-head attention
    MHA = auto()

    # Use absorbed multi-latent attention
    MLA = auto()

    # Use Deepseek V3.2 sparse multi-latent attention
    NPU_MLA_SPARSE = auto()

    # Use multi-head attention, but with KV cache chunked.
    # This method can avoid OOM when prefix lengths are long.
    MHA_CHUNKED_KV = auto()

    # Use MLA but with fused RoPE
    MLA_FUSED_ROPE = auto()

    # Use MLA with fused RoPE kernel for CPU
    MLA_FUSED_ROPE_CPU = auto()


def _dispatch_mla_subtype(attn, forward_batch):
    if _is_hip:
        if attn.rocm_fused_decode_mla and forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode():
            return AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE
        else:
            return AttnForwardMethod.MLA
    else:
        if hasattr(attn, "fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa") and use_intel_amx_backend(attn):
            return AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE_CPU
        else:
            return AttnForwardMethod.MLA


class AttentionBackendRegistry:
    _handlers = {}

    @classmethod
    def register(cls, backend_name, handler_func):
        cls._handlers[backend_name] = handler_func

    @classmethod
    def get_handler(cls, backend_name):
        return cls._handlers.get(backend_name, cls._handlers.get("triton"))


def handle_attention_ascend(attn, forward_batch):
    if (
        forward_batch.forward_mode.is_extend()
        and not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_target_verify()
        and not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_draft_extend()
    ):
        if hasattr(attn, "indexer"):
            return AttnForwardMethod.NPU_MLA_SPARSE
        else:
            return AttnForwardMethod.MHA
    else:
        if hasattr(attn, "indexer"):
            return AttnForwardMethod.NPU_MLA_SPARSE
        else:
            return AttnForwardMethod.MLA


def _get_sum_extend_prefix_lens(forward_batch):
    return (
        sum(forward_batch.extend_prefix_lens_cpu)
        if forward_batch.extend_prefix_lens_cpu is not None
        else 0
    )


def _is_extend_without_speculative(forward_batch):
    return (
        forward_batch.forward_mode.is_extend()
        and not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_target_verify()
        and not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_draft_extend()
    )


def _handle_attention_backend(
    attn: DeepseekV2AttentionMLA, forward_batch, backend_name
):
    sum_extend_prefix_lens = _get_sum_extend_prefix_lens(forward_batch)
    disable_ragged = (
        backend_name in ["flashinfer", "flashmla"]
    ) and attn.flashinfer_mla_disable_ragged

    if (
        not disable_ragged
        and _is_extend_without_speculative(forward_batch)
        and (
            (
                sum_extend_prefix_lens >= attn.chunked_prefix_cache_threshold
                and not attn.disable_chunked_prefix_cache
            )
            or sum_extend_prefix_lens == 0
        )
    ):
        return AttnForwardMethod.MHA_CHUNKED_KV
    else:
        return _dispatch_mla_subtype(attn, forward_batch)


def handle_attention_flashinfer(attn, forward_batch):
    return _handle_attention_backend(attn, forward_batch, "flashinfer")


def handle_attention_fa3(attn, forward_batch):
    return _handle_attention_backend(attn, forward_batch, "fa3")


def handle_attention_flashmla(attn, forward_batch):
    return _handle_attention_backend(attn, forward_batch, "flashmla")


def handle_attention_cutlass_mla(attn, forward_batch):
    return _handle_attention_backend(attn, forward_batch, "cutlass_mla")


def handle_attention_fa4(attn, forward_batch):
    # TODO(cicirori): use FA4 MHA for DeepSeekV3 for now
    return AttnForwardMethod.MHA_CHUNKED_KV


def handle_attention_trtllm_mla(attn, forward_batch):
    sum_extend_prefix_lens = _get_sum_extend_prefix_lens(forward_batch)
    if _is_extend_without_speculative(forward_batch) and (
        not attn.disable_chunked_prefix_cache or sum_extend_prefix_lens == 0
    ):
        return AttnForwardMethod.MHA_CHUNKED_KV
    else:
        return _dispatch_mla_subtype(attn, forward_batch)


def handle_attention_aiter(attn, forward_batch):
    if _is_extend_without_speculative(forward_batch):
        if is_dp_attention_enabled():
            if sum(forward_batch.extend_prefix_lens_cpu) == 0:
                return AttnForwardMethod.MHA
            else:
                return AttnForwardMethod.MLA
        else:
            return AttnForwardMethod.MHA
    else:
        return AttnForwardMethod.MLA


def handle_attention_nsa(attn, forward_batch):
    return AttnForwardMethod.MLA


def handle_attention_triton(attn, forward_batch):
    if (
        _is_extend_without_speculative(forward_batch)
        and sum(forward_batch.extend_prefix_lens_cpu) == 0
    ):
        return AttnForwardMethod.MHA
    else:
        return _dispatch_mla_subtype(attn, forward_batch)


class DeepseekV2MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        hidden_size: int,
        intermediate_size: int,
        hidden_act: str,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        reduce_results: bool = True,
        prefix: str = "",
        tp_rank: Optional[int] = None,
        tp_size: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.tp_size = tp_size

        self.gate_up_proj = MergedColumnParallelLinear(
            hidden_size,
            [intermediate_size] * 2,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("gate_up_proj", prefix),
            tp_rank=tp_rank,
            tp_size=tp_size,
        )
        self.down_proj = RowParallelLinear(
            intermediate_size,
            hidden_size,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            reduce_results=reduce_results,
            prefix=add_prefix("down_proj", prefix),
            tp_rank=tp_rank,
            tp_size=tp_size,
        )
        if hidden_act != "silu":
            raise ValueError(
                f"Unsupported activation: {hidden_act}. "
                "Only silu is supported for now."
            )
        self.act_fn = SiluAndMul()

    def forward(
        self,
        x,
        forward_batch=None,
        should_allreduce_fusion: bool = False,
        use_reduce_scatter: bool = False,
        gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None,
    ):
        if (self.tp_size == 1) and x.shape[0] == 0:
            return x

        if (
            gemm_output_zero_allocator is not None
            and x.shape[0] <= 256
            and self.gate_up_proj.weight.dtype == torch.uint8
        ):
            y = gemm_output_zero_allocator.allocate(
                x.shape[0] * self.gate_up_proj.output_size_per_partition
            ).view(x.shape[0], self.gate_up_proj.output_size_per_partition)
            x = (x, None, y)

        gate_up, _ = self.gate_up_proj(x)
        x = self.act_fn(gate_up)
        x, _ = self.down_proj(
            x, skip_all_reduce=should_allreduce_fusion or use_reduce_scatter
        )
        return x


class MoEGate(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        config,
        quant_config,
        prefix: str = "",
        is_nextn: bool = False,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.is_nextn = is_nextn
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(
            torch.empty((config.n_routed_experts, config.hidden_size))
        )
        if config.topk_method == "noaux_tc":
            correction_bias_dtype = (
                torch.bfloat16
                if quant_config is not None
                and quant_config.get_name() == "modelopt_fp4"
                and should_use_flashinfer_trtllm_moe()
                else torch.float32
            )
            self.e_score_correction_bias = nn.Parameter(
                torch.empty((config.n_routed_experts), dtype=correction_bias_dtype)
            )
        else:
            self.e_score_correction_bias = None
        if _is_cpu and _is_cpu_amx_available:
            self.quant_method = PackWeightMethod(weight_names=["weight"])

    def forward(self, hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None):
        if use_intel_amx_backend(self):
            return torch.ops.sgl_kernel.weight_packed_linear(
                hidden_states,
                self.weight,
                None,  # bias
                True,  # is_vnni
            )

        # NOTE: For some unknown reason, router_gemm seems degrade accept length.
        if (
            _is_cuda
            and hidden_states.shape[0] <= 16
            and hidden_states.shape[1] == 7168
            and (self.weight.shape[0] == 256 or self.weight.shape[0] == 384)
            and _device_sm >= 90
        ):
            # router gemm output float32
            logits = dsv3_router_gemm(
                hidden_states, self.weight, out_dtype=torch.float32
            )
        elif _use_aiter_gfx95 and hidden_states.shape[0] <= 256:
            logits = aiter_dsv3_router_gemm(
                hidden_states, self.weight, gemm_output_zero_allocator
            )
        else:
            logits = F.linear(hidden_states, self.weight, None)

        return logits


class DeepseekV2MoE(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PretrainedConfig,
        layer_id: int,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        prefix: str = "",
        alt_stream: Optional[torch.cuda.Stream] = None,
        is_nextn: bool = False,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
        self.routed_scaling_factor = config.routed_scaling_factor
        self.n_shared_experts = config.n_shared_experts
        self.num_fused_shared_experts = (
            0
            if get_global_server_args().disable_shared_experts_fusion
            else config.n_shared_experts
        )
        self.config = config
        self.layer_id = layer_id
        self.alt_stream = alt_stream
        self.is_nextn = is_nextn

        if self.tp_size > config.n_routed_experts:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Tensor parallel size {self.tp_size} is greater than "
                f"the number of experts {config.n_routed_experts}."
            )

        if config.hidden_act != "silu":
            raise ValueError(
                f"Unsupported activation: {config.hidden_act}. "
                "Only silu is supported for now."
            )

        self.gate = MoEGate(
            config=config,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("gate", prefix),
            is_nextn=is_nextn,
        )

        self.experts = get_moe_impl_class(quant_config)(
            num_experts=config.n_routed_experts
            + self.num_fused_shared_experts
            + get_global_server_args().ep_num_redundant_experts,
            num_fused_shared_experts=self.num_fused_shared_experts,
            top_k=config.num_experts_per_tok + self.num_fused_shared_experts,
            hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
            intermediate_size=config.moe_intermediate_size,
            layer_id=self.layer_id,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            routed_scaling_factor=self.routed_scaling_factor,
            prefix=add_prefix("experts", prefix),
        )

        self.topk = TopK(
            top_k=config.num_experts_per_tok + self.num_fused_shared_experts,
            renormalize=config.norm_topk_prob,
            use_grouped_topk=True,
            num_expert_group=config.n_group,
            num_fused_shared_experts=self.num_fused_shared_experts,
            topk_group=config.topk_group,
            correction_bias=self.gate.e_score_correction_bias,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            routed_scaling_factor=self.routed_scaling_factor,
            apply_routed_scaling_factor_on_output=self.experts.should_fuse_routed_scaling_factor_in_topk,
            # Some Fp4 MoE backends require the output format to be bypassed but the MTP layers are unquantized
            # and requires the output format to be standard. We use quant_config to determine the output format.
            output_format=TopKOutputFormat.STANDARD if quant_config is None else None,
        )

        self.shared_experts_is_int8 = False
        self.shared_experts_is_fp8 = False
        self.shared_experts_weight_block_size = None
        if config.n_shared_experts is not None and self.num_fused_shared_experts == 0:
            intermediate_size = config.moe_intermediate_size * config.n_shared_experts
            # disable tp for shared experts when enable deepep moe, or with fp4 allgather
            self.shared_experts = DeepseekV2MLP(
                hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
                intermediate_size=intermediate_size,
                hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                reduce_results=False,
                prefix=add_prefix("shared_experts", prefix),
                **(
                    dict(tp_rank=0, tp_size=1)
                    if get_moe_a2a_backend().is_deepep()
                    or get_moe_a2a_backend().is_mooncake()
                    or should_use_flashinfer_cutlass_moe_fp4_allgather()
                    else {}
                ),
            )
            is_packed_weight = hasattr(
                self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.quant_method, "quant_config"
            ) and self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.quant_method.quant_config.get_name() in {
                "awq",
                "awq_marlin",
                "moe_wna16",
            }
            self.shared_experts_is_int8 = (
                not is_packed_weight
                and self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.weight.dtype == torch.int8
            )
            self.shared_experts_is_fp8 = (
                not is_packed_weight
                and self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.weight.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn
            )
            if self.shared_experts_is_fp8:
                assert (
                    self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                    == self.shared_experts.down_proj.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                )
                self.shared_experts_weight_block_size = (
                    self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                )

        self.top_k = config.num_experts_per_tok

        if get_moe_a2a_backend().is_deepep() or get_moe_a2a_backend().is_mooncake():
            # TODO: we will support tp < ep in the future
            self.ep_size = get_moe_expert_parallel_world_size()
            self.num_experts = (
                config.n_routed_experts
                + get_global_server_args().ep_num_redundant_experts
            )
            self.renormalize = config.norm_topk_prob
            self.topk_group = config.topk_group
            self.num_expert_group = config.n_group
            self.correction_bias = (
                self.gate.e_score_correction_bias.data
                if self.gate.e_score_correction_bias is not None
                else None
            )

            self.deepep_dispatcher = MaybeTboDeepEPDispatcher(
                group=parallel_state.get_tp_group().device_group,
                router_topk=self.top_k,
                permute_fusion=True,
                num_experts=self.num_experts,
                num_local_experts=config.n_routed_experts // self.tp_size,
                hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
                params_dtype=config.torch_dtype,
                deepep_mode=get_deepep_mode(),
                async_finish=True,
                return_recv_hook=True,
            )

        self._enable_a2a_moe = (
            get_moe_a2a_backend().is_deepep() or get_moe_a2a_backend().is_mooncake()
        )
        self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo = SboFlags.fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo()

    def get_moe_weights(self):
        return [
            x.data
            for name, x in self.experts.named_parameters()
            if name not in ["correction_bias"]
        ]

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: Optional[ForwardBatch] = None,
        should_allreduce_fusion: bool = False,
        use_reduce_scatter: bool = False,
        gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        if not self._enable_a2a_moe:
            DUAL_STREAM_TOKEN_THRESHOLD = 1024
            if (
                self.alt_stream is not None
                and self.num_fused_shared_experts == 0
                and hidden_states.shape[0] > 0
                and hidden_states.shape[0] <= DUAL_STREAM_TOKEN_THRESHOLD
            ):
                return self.forward_normal_dual_stream(
                    hidden_states,
                    should_allreduce_fusion,
                    use_reduce_scatter,
                    gemm_output_zero_allocator,
                )
            else:
                return self.forward_normal(
                    hidden_states,
                    should_allreduce_fusion,
                    use_reduce_scatter,
                    gemm_output_zero_allocator,
                )
        else:
            return self.forward_deepep(hidden_states, forward_batch)

    def forward_normal_dual_stream(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        should_allreduce_fusion: bool = False,
        use_reduce_scatter: bool = False,
        gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:

        current_stream = torch.cuda.current_stream()
        self.alt_stream.wait_stream(current_stream)
        shared_output = self._forward_shared_experts(
            hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator
        )

        with torch.cuda.stream(self.alt_stream):
            # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
            router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator)
            topk_output = self.topk(hidden_states, router_logits)
            final_hidden_states = self.experts(hidden_states, topk_output)
            if not _is_cuda:
                final_hidden_states *= self.routed_scaling_factor

        current_stream.wait_stream(self.alt_stream)
        with use_symmetric_memory(parallel_state.get_tp_group()) as sm:
            final_hidden_states_out = torch.empty_like(final_hidden_states)

        torch.add(final_hidden_states, shared_output, out=final_hidden_states_out)
        final_hidden_states = final_hidden_states_out
        sm.tag(final_hidden_states)
        if (
            self.tp_size > 1
            and not should_allreduce_fusion
            and not use_reduce_scatter
            and not should_use_flashinfer_cutlass_moe_fp4_allgather()
        ):
            final_hidden_states = tensor_model_parallel_all_reduce(final_hidden_states)
        return final_hidden_states

    def forward_normal(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        should_allreduce_fusion: bool = False,
        use_reduce_scatter: bool = False,
        gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        if hasattr(self, "shared_experts") and use_intel_amx_backend(
            self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj
        ):
            return self.forward_cpu(hidden_states, should_allreduce_fusion)

        if hidden_states.shape[0] > 0:
            if not self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo:
                shared_output = self._forward_shared_experts(
                    hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator
                )
            # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
            router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator)
            topk_output = self.topk(hidden_states, router_logits)
        else:
            shared_output = None
            topk_output = self.topk.empty_topk_output(hidden_states.device)

        if self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo:
            shared_output = None

            def _forward_shared_experts_and_put_results():
                nonlocal shared_output
                shared_output = self._forward_shared_experts(
                    hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator
                )

        final_hidden_states = self.experts(
            hidden_states,
            topk_output,
            **(
                dict(
                    forward_shared_experts=_forward_shared_experts_and_put_results,
                    alt_stream=self.alt_stream,
                )
                if self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo
                else {}
            ),
        )
        if not _is_cuda and not _use_aiter:
            # fused in biased_grouped_topk so we can skip here
            final_hidden_states *= self.routed_scaling_factor
        if shared_output is not None:
            with use_symmetric_memory(parallel_state.get_tp_group()) as sm:
                final_hidden_states_out = torch.empty_like(final_hidden_states)
            torch.add(final_hidden_states, shared_output, out=final_hidden_states_out)
            final_hidden_states = final_hidden_states_out
            sm.tag(final_hidden_states)
        if (
            self.tp_size > 1
            and not should_allreduce_fusion
            and not use_reduce_scatter
            and not should_use_flashinfer_cutlass_moe_fp4_allgather()
        ):
            final_hidden_states = tensor_model_parallel_all_reduce(final_hidden_states)
        return final_hidden_states

    def forward_cpu(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        should_allreduce_fusion: bool = False,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
        router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states)
        topk_output = self.topk(hidden_states, router_logits)
        fused_experts_out = self.experts(
            hidden_states=hidden_states, topk_output=topk_output
        )

        assert use_intel_amx_backend(
            self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj
        ) == use_intel_amx_backend(self.shared_experts.down_proj)
        # [Note] inplace should be False in fused_experts.
        # If inplace is True in fused_experts (self.experts), hidden_states will be changed after fused_experts
        # While hidden_states is still needed in shared_expert.
        final_hidden_states = torch.ops.sgl_kernel.shared_expert_cpu(
            hidden_states,
            self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.weight,
            self.shared_experts.down_proj.weight,
            fused_experts_out,
            self.routed_scaling_factor,
            True,  # inplace
            self.shared_experts_is_int8,  # use_int8_w8a8
            self.shared_experts_is_fp8,  # use_fp8_w8a16
            (
                self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.weight_scale
                if self.shared_experts_is_int8
                else (
                    self.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.weight_scale_inv
                    if self.shared_experts_is_fp8
                    else None
                )
            ),  # w1_scale
            (
                self.shared_experts.down_proj.weight_scale
                if self.shared_experts_is_int8
                else (
                    self.shared_experts.down_proj.weight_scale_inv
                    if self.shared_experts_is_fp8
                    else None
                )
            ),  # w2_scale
            (
                self.shared_experts_weight_block_size
                if self.shared_experts_is_fp8
                else None
            ),  # block_size
            None,  # a1_scale
            None,  # a2_scale
            True,  # is_vnni
        )
        if self.tp_size > 1 and not should_allreduce_fusion:
            final_hidden_states = tensor_model_parallel_all_reduce(final_hidden_states)
        return final_hidden_states

    def forward_deepep(
        self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, forward_batch: ForwardBatch
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        shared_output = None
        if hidden_states.shape[0] > 0:
            # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
            router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states)
            if not self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo:
                shared_output = self._forward_shared_experts(hidden_states)
            topk_weights, topk_idx, _ = self.topk(
                hidden_states,
                router_logits,
                num_token_non_padded=forward_batch.num_token_non_padded,
                expert_location_dispatch_info=ExpertLocationDispatchInfo.init_new(
                    layer_id=self.layer_id,
                ),
            )
        else:
            topk_weights, topk_idx, _ = self.topk.empty_topk_output(
                hidden_states.device
            )

        if self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo:
            shared_output = None

            def _forward_shared_experts_and_put_results():
                nonlocal shared_output
                shared_output = self._forward_shared_experts(hidden_states)

        final_hidden_states = self.experts(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            topk_idx=topk_idx,
            topk_weights=topk_weights,
            forward_batch=forward_batch,
            **(
                dict(
                    forward_shared_experts=_forward_shared_experts_and_put_results,
                    alt_stream=self.alt_stream,
                    # SBO is not yet implemented for NextN
                    disable_sbo=self.is_nextn,
                )
                if self._fuse_shared_experts_inside_sbo
                else {}
            ),
        )

        if shared_output is not None:
            x = shared_output
            if self.experts.should_fuse_routed_scaling_factor_in_topk:
                x.add_(final_hidden_states)
            else:
                x.add_(final_hidden_states, alpha=self.routed_scaling_factor)
            final_hidden_states = x
        else:
            if not self.experts.should_fuse_routed_scaling_factor_in_topk:
                final_hidden_states *= self.routed_scaling_factor

        return final_hidden_states

    def _forward_shared_experts(
        self, hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None
    ):
        if (hidden_states.shape[0] > 0) and (self.num_fused_shared_experts == 0):
            return self.shared_experts(
                hidden_states, gemm_output_zero_allocator=gemm_output_zero_allocator
            )
        else:
            return None

    def op_gate(self, state):
        if is_non_idle_and_non_empty(
            state.forward_batch.forward_mode, state.hidden_states_mlp_input
        ):
            # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
            state.router_logits = self.gate(state.hidden_states_mlp_input)
        else:
            state.router_logits = None

    def op_shared_experts(self, state):
        hidden_states_mlp_input = state.pop("hidden_states_mlp_input")
        if (self.num_fused_shared_experts == 0) and is_non_idle_and_non_empty(
            state.forward_batch.forward_mode, hidden_states_mlp_input
        ):
            state.shared_output = self.shared_experts(hidden_states_mlp_input)
        else:
            state.shared_output = None

    def op_select_experts(self, state):
        router_logits = state.pop("router_logits")
        hidden_states = state.hidden_states_mlp_input

        if router_logits is not None:
            with get_global_expert_distribution_recorder().with_current_layer(
                self.layer_id
            ):
                state.topk_weights_local, state.topk_idx_local, _ = self.topk(
                    hidden_states=hidden_states,
                    router_logits=router_logits,
                    num_token_non_padded=state.forward_batch.num_token_non_padded,
                    expert_location_dispatch_info=ExpertLocationDispatchInfo.init_new(
                        layer_id=self.layer_id,
                    ),
                )
        else:
            state.topk_idx_local = torch.full(
                (0, self.top_k), -1, dtype=torch.int, device=hidden_states.device
            )
            state.topk_weights_local = torch.empty(
                (0, self.top_k), dtype=torch.float32, device=hidden_states.device
            )

    def op_dispatch_a(self, state):
        if self.ep_size > 1:
            self.experts.deepep_dispatcher.dispatch_a(
                hidden_states=state.hidden_states_mlp_input,
                input_global_scale=None,
                topk_idx=state.pop("topk_idx_local"),
                topk_weights=state.pop("topk_weights_local"),
                forward_batch=state.forward_batch,
                tbo_subbatch_index=state.get("tbo_subbatch_index"),
            )

    def op_dispatch_b(self, state):
        if self.ep_size > 1:
            with get_global_expert_distribution_recorder().with_current_layer(
                self.layer_id
            ):
                state.dispatch_output = self.experts.deepep_dispatcher.dispatch_b(
                    tbo_subbatch_index=state.get("tbo_subbatch_index"),
                )

    def op_experts(self, state):
        state.hidden_states_experts_output = self.experts.moe_impl(
            dispatch_output=state.dispatch_output,
        )

    def op_combine_a(self, state):
        if self.ep_size > 1:
            self.experts.deepep_dispatcher.combine_a(
                hidden_states=state.pop("hidden_states_experts_output"),
                topk_idx=state.dispatch_output.topk_idx,
                topk_weights=state.dispatch_output.topk_weights,
                forward_batch=state.forward_batch,
                tbo_subbatch_index=state.get("tbo_subbatch_index"),
            )
            state.pop("dispatch_output")

    def op_combine_b(self, state):
        if self.ep_size > 1:
            state.hidden_states_after_combine = (
                self.experts.deepep_dispatcher.combine_b(
                    tbo_subbatch_index=state.get("tbo_subbatch_index"),
                )
            )

    def op_output(self, state):
        final_hidden_states = state.pop("hidden_states_after_combine")

        if (shared_output := state.pop("shared_output")) is not None:
            x = shared_output
            x.add_(final_hidden_states, alpha=self.routed_scaling_factor)
            final_hidden_states = x
        else:
            final_hidden_states *= self.routed_scaling_factor

        state.hidden_states_mlp_output = final_hidden_states


def yarn_get_mscale(scale: float = 1, mscale: float = 1) -> float:
    import math

    if scale <= 1:
        return 1.0
    return 0.1 * mscale * math.log(scale) + 1.0


class DeepseekV2AttentionMLA(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PretrainedConfig,
        hidden_size: int,
        num_heads: int,
        qk_nope_head_dim: int,
        qk_rope_head_dim: int,
        v_head_dim: int,
        q_lora_rank: int,
        kv_lora_rank: int,
        rope_theta: float = 10000,
        rope_scaling: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        max_position_embeddings: int = 8192,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        reduce_results: bool = True,
        layer_id: int = None,
        prefix: str = "",
        alt_stream: Optional[torch.cuda.Stream] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.layer_id = layer_id
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.qk_nope_head_dim = qk_nope_head_dim
        self.qk_rope_head_dim = qk_rope_head_dim
        self.qk_head_dim = qk_nope_head_dim + qk_rope_head_dim
        self.v_head_dim = v_head_dim
        self.q_lora_rank = q_lora_rank
        self.kv_lora_rank = kv_lora_rank
        attn_tp_rank = get_attention_tp_rank()
        attn_tp_size = get_attention_tp_size()

        self.num_heads = num_heads
        assert num_heads % attn_tp_size == 0
        self.num_local_heads = num_heads // attn_tp_size
        self.scaling = self.qk_head_dim**-0.5
        self.rope_theta = rope_theta
        self.max_position_embeddings = max_position_embeddings

        # NOTE modification to rope_scaling must be done early enough, b/c e.g. Indexer needs it
        if rope_scaling:
            rope_scaling["rope_type"] = "deepseek_yarn"

        # For tensor parallel attention
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa = ReplicatedLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.q_lora_rank + self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=add_prefix("fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa", prefix),
            )
            self.q_a_layernorm = RMSNorm(self.q_lora_rank, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
            self.q_b_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
                q_lora_rank,
                self.num_heads * self.qk_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=self._get_q_b_proj_quant_config(quant_config),
                prefix=add_prefix("q_b_proj", prefix),
                tp_rank=attn_tp_rank,
                tp_size=attn_tp_size,
            )
        else:
            self.q_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_heads * self.qk_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=add_prefix("q_proj", prefix),
                tp_rank=attn_tp_rank,
                tp_size=attn_tp_size,
            )
            self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa = ReplicatedLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=add_prefix("kv_a_proj_with_mqa", prefix),
            )

        self.use_nsa = is_deepseek_nsa(config)
        if self.use_nsa:
            self.indexer = Indexer(
                hidden_size=hidden_size,
                index_n_heads=get_nsa_index_n_heads(config),
                index_head_dim=get_nsa_index_head_dim(config),
                rope_head_dim=qk_rope_head_dim,
                index_topk=get_nsa_index_topk(config),
                q_lora_rank=q_lora_rank,
                max_position_embeddings=max_position_embeddings,
                rope_theta=rope_theta,
                scale_fmt="ue8m0",
                block_size=128,
                rope_scaling=rope_scaling,
                prefix=add_prefix("indexer", prefix),
                quant_config=quant_config,
                layer_id=layer_id,
                alt_stream=alt_stream,
            )

        self.kv_b_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
            self.kv_lora_rank,
            self.num_heads * (self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim),
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("kv_b_proj", prefix),
            tp_rank=attn_tp_rank,
            tp_size=attn_tp_size,
        )
        # O projection.
        self.o_proj = RowParallelLinear(
            self.num_heads * self.v_head_dim,
            self.hidden_size,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            reduce_results=reduce_results,
            prefix=add_prefix("o_proj", prefix),
            tp_rank=attn_tp_rank,
            tp_size=attn_tp_size,
        )
        self.kv_a_layernorm = RMSNorm(self.kv_lora_rank, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)

        self.rotary_emb = get_rope_wrapper(
            qk_rope_head_dim,
            rotary_dim=qk_rope_head_dim,
            max_position=max_position_embeddings,
            base=rope_theta,
            rope_scaling=rope_scaling,
            is_neox_style=False,
            device=get_global_server_args().device,
        )

        if rope_scaling:
            mscale_all_dim = rope_scaling.get("mscale_all_dim", False)
            scaling_factor = rope_scaling["factor"]
            mscale = yarn_get_mscale(scaling_factor, float(mscale_all_dim))
            self.scaling = self.scaling * mscale * mscale
        else:
            self.rotary_emb.forward = self.rotary_emb.forward_native

        self.attn_mqa = RadixAttention(
            self.num_local_heads,
            self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
            self.scaling,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            layer_id=layer_id,
            v_head_dim=self.kv_lora_rank,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("attn_mqa", prefix),
        )

        self.attn_mha = RadixAttention(
            self.num_local_heads,
            self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
            self.scaling,
            num_kv_heads=self.num_local_heads,
            layer_id=layer_id,
            v_head_dim=self.v_head_dim,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("attn_mha", prefix),
        )

        self.alt_stream = alt_stream
        self.attn_mha.kv_b_proj = None

        self.w_kc = None
        self.w_vc = None
        self.w_scale = 1.0

        self.w_scale_k = None
        self.w_scale_v = None
        self.use_deep_gemm_bmm = False

        self.flashinfer_mla_disable_ragged = (
            get_global_server_args().flashinfer_mla_disable_ragged
        )
        self.disable_chunked_prefix_cache = (
            get_global_server_args().disable_chunked_prefix_cache
        )

        self.current_attention_backend = (
            None  # Attention backend used by current forward batch
        )
        self.rocm_fused_decode_mla = get_bool_env_var(
            "SGLANG_ROCM_FUSED_DECODE_MLA", "false"
        )

        # TODO: Design a finer way to determine the threshold
        self.chunked_prefix_cache_threshold = get_int_env_var(
            "SGL_CHUNKED_PREFIX_CACHE_THRESHOLD", 8192
        )

        # If we have self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa and we're running on CPU, we will choose the torch.ops.sgl_kernel.qkv_proj_with_rope_fused_weight kernel
        # which requires self.w_kc and self.w_vc to be packed.
        # If not, we will use torch.bmm and weight shouldn't be packed in this case
        has_fused_proj = hasattr(self, "fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa")
        if has_fused_proj and _is_cpu and _is_cpu_amx_available:
            self.quant_method = PackWeightMethod(
                weight_names=["w_kc", "w_vc"], transpose_dims=[[1, 2], [1, 2]]
            )

        is_packed_weight = (
            has_fused_proj
            and hasattr(self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method, "quant_config")
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method.quant_config.get_name()
            in {"awq", "awq_marlin", "moe_wna16"}
        )
        self.use_min_latency_fused_a_gemm = (
            has_fused_proj
            and not is_packed_weight
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.shape[0] == 2112
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.shape[1] == 7168
            and _is_cuda
            and _device_sm >= 90
        )

        self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_int8 = (
            has_fused_proj
            and not is_packed_weight
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.dtype == torch.int8
        )
        self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_fp8 = (
            has_fused_proj
            and not is_packed_weight
            and self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn
        )

        self.weight_block_size = None
        if self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_fp8 and _is_cpu and _is_cpu_amx_available:
            assert getattr(
                self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method, "block_quant", False
            ) == getattr(self.q_b_proj.quant_method, "block_quant", False)
            use_block_quant = getattr(
                self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method, "block_quant", False
            )

            if use_block_quant:
                assert (
                    self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                    == self.q_b_proj.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                )
                self.weight_block_size = (
                    self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.quant_method.quant_config.weight_block_size
                )
        self.is_mla_preprocess_enabled = is_mla_preprocess_enabled()
        if self.is_mla_preprocess_enabled:
            assert (
                quant_config is None or quant_config.get_name() == "w8a8_int8"
            ), "MLA Preprocess only works with Unquant or W8A8Int8"
            self.mla_preprocess = None

    def dispatch_attn_forward_method(
        self, forward_batch: ForwardBatch
    ) -> AttnForwardMethod:
        # Determine attention backend used by current forward batch
        if forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode_or_idle():
            attention_backend = get_global_server_args().decode_attention_backend
        elif (
            forward_batch.forward_mode.is_target_verify()
            or forward_batch.forward_mode.is_draft_extend()
        ):
            # Use the specified backend for speculative operations (both verify and draft extend)
            if get_global_server_args().speculative_attention_mode == "decode":
                attention_backend = get_global_server_args().decode_attention_backend
            else:  # default to prefill
                attention_backend = get_global_server_args().prefill_attention_backend
        else:
            attention_backend = get_global_server_args().prefill_attention_backend
        self.current_attention_backend = attention_backend

        handler = AttentionBackendRegistry.get_handler(attention_backend)
        return handler(self, forward_batch)

    def op_prepare(self, state):
        state.attn_intermediate_state = self.forward_prepare(
            positions=state.positions,
            hidden_states=state.pop("hidden_states_after_comm_pre_attn"),
            forward_batch=state.forward_batch,
            zero_allocator=state.zero_allocator,
        )

    def op_core(self, state):
        state.hidden_states_after_attn = self.forward_core(
            state.pop("attn_intermediate_state")
        )

    def forward(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        s = self.forward_prepare(
            positions=positions,
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            forward_batch=forward_batch,
            zero_allocator=zero_allocator,
        )
        return self.forward_core(s)

    def forward_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        if self.attn_mha.kv_b_proj is None:
            self.attn_mha.kv_b_proj = self.kv_b_proj

        # when hidden_states is a tuple of tensors, the tuple will include quantized weight and scale tensor
        if isinstance(hidden_states, tuple):
            if hidden_states[0].shape[0] == 0:
                assert (
                    not self.o_proj.reduce_results
                ), "short-circuiting allreduce will lead to hangs"
                return hidden_states[0]
        else:
            if hidden_states.shape[0] == 0:
                assert (
                    not self.o_proj.reduce_results
                ), "short-circuiting allreduce will lead to hangs"
                return hidden_states, None, forward_batch, None

        attn_forward_method = self.dispatch_attn_forward_method(forward_batch)
        if attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MHA:
            inner_state = self.forward_normal_prepare(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MHA_CHUNKED_KV:
            inner_state = self.forward_normal_chunked_kv_prepare(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA:
            if not self.is_mla_preprocess_enabled:
                inner_state = self.forward_absorb_prepare(
                    positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
                )
            else:
                # TODO(iforgetmyname): to be separated as a standalone func
                if self.mla_preprocess is None:
                    self.mla_preprocess = NPUFusedMLAPreprocess(
                        self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa,
                        self.q_a_layernorm,
                        self.kv_a_layernorm,
                        self.q_b_proj,
                        self.w_kc,
                        self.rotary_emb,
                        self.layer_id,
                        self.num_local_heads,
                        self.qk_nope_head_dim,
                        self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                    )
                inner_state = self.mla_preprocess.forward(
                    positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
                )
                inner_state = (*inner_state, None)  # add a position for topk_indices
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.NPU_MLA_SPARSE:
            inner_state = self.forward_npu_sparse_prepare(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE:
            inner_state = self.forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_prepare(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE_CPU:
            inner_state = self.forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_prepare(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError
        return None, attn_forward_method, forward_batch, inner_state

    def forward_core(self, intermediate_state):
        hidden_states, attn_forward_method, forward_batch, inner_state = (
            intermediate_state
        )
        if inner_state is None:
            return hidden_states

        if attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MHA:
            return self.forward_normal_core(*inner_state)
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MHA_CHUNKED_KV:
            return self.forward_normal_chunked_kv_core(*inner_state)
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA:
            return self.forward_absorb_core(*inner_state)
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.NPU_MLA_SPARSE:
            return self.forward_npu_sparse_core(*inner_state)
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE:
            return self.forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_core(*inner_state)
        elif attn_forward_method == AttnForwardMethod.MLA_FUSED_ROPE_CPU:
            return self.forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_core(*inner_state)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError

    def forward_normal_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            q, latent_cache = self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0].split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
            q = self.q_b_proj(q)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)
        else:
            q = self.q_proj(hidden_states)[0].view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim
            )
            latent_cache = self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]

        _, q_pe = q.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1)
        kv_a, _ = latent_cache.split([self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1)
        latent_cache = latent_cache.unsqueeze(1)
        kv_a = self.kv_a_layernorm(kv_a)
        kv = self.kv_b_proj(kv_a)[0]
        kv = kv.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim)
        k_nope = kv[..., : self.qk_nope_head_dim]
        v = kv[..., self.qk_nope_head_dim :]
        k_pe = latent_cache[:, :, self.kv_lora_rank :]
        q_pe, k_pe = self.rotary_emb(positions, q_pe, k_pe)
        q[..., self.qk_nope_head_dim :] = q_pe
        k = torch.empty_like(q)

        # Temporary for DeepSeek V3/R1 only, but can generalize if needed
        if (
            _is_cuda
            and (self.num_local_heads == 128)
            and (self.qk_nope_head_dim == 128)
            and (self.qk_rope_head_dim == 64)
        ):
            concat_mla_k(k=k, k_nope=k_nope, k_rope=k_pe)
        else:
            k[..., : self.qk_nope_head_dim] = k_nope
            k[..., self.qk_nope_head_dim :] = k_pe

        if not _is_npu:
            latent_cache[:, :, : self.kv_lora_rank] = kv_a.unsqueeze(1)
            latent_cache[:, :, self.kv_lora_rank :] = k_pe

            # Save latent cache
            forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.set_kv_buffer(
                self.attn_mha, forward_batch.out_cache_loc, latent_cache, None
            )
        else:
            # To reduce a time-costing split operation
            forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.set_kv_buffer(
                self.attn_mha, forward_batch.out_cache_loc, kv_a.unsqueeze(1), k_pe
            )

        return q, k, v, forward_batch

    def forward_normal_core(self, q, k, v, forward_batch):
        attn_output = self.attn_mha(q, k, v, forward_batch, save_kv_cache=False)
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(-1, self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim)
        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)
        return output

    def _fuse_rope_for_trtllm_mla(self, forward_batch: ForwardBatch) -> bool:
        """
        Check if we should skip rope and do fused rope+quantize for TRTLLM MLA decode in fp8_e4m3 path.
        """
        return (
            self.current_attention_backend == "trtllm_mla"
            and (
                forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode_or_idle()
                or forward_batch.forward_mode.is_target_verify()
            )
            and forward_batch.attn_backend.data_type == torch.float8_e4m3fn
        )

    def forward_absorb_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        from sglang.srt.model_executor.cuda_graph_runner import get_is_capture_mode

        q_lora = None
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            if (
                (not isinstance(hidden_states, tuple))
                and hidden_states.shape[0] <= 16
                and self.use_min_latency_fused_a_gemm
            ):
                fused_qkv_a_proj_out = dsv3_fused_a_gemm(
                    hidden_states, self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.T
                )
            else:
                fused_qkv_a_proj_out = self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
            q, latent_cache = fused_qkv_a_proj_out.split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            k_nope = latent_cache[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]

            # overlap qk norm
            if self.alt_stream is not None and get_is_capture_mode():
                current_stream = torch.cuda.current_stream()
                self.alt_stream.wait_stream(current_stream)
                q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
                with torch.cuda.stream(self.alt_stream):
                    k_nope = self.kv_a_layernorm(k_nope)
                current_stream.wait_stream(self.alt_stream)
            else:
                if _use_aiter_gfx95 and self.q_b_proj.weight.dtype == torch.uint8:
                    q, k_nope = fused_rms_mxfp4_quant(
                        q,
                        self.q_a_layernorm.weight,
                        self.q_a_layernorm.variance_epsilon,
                        k_nope,
                        self.kv_a_layernorm.weight,
                        self.kv_a_layernorm.variance_epsilon,
                    )
                else:
                    q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
                    k_nope = self.kv_a_layernorm(k_nope)

            # q_lora needed by indexer
            if self.use_nsa:
                q_lora = q

            k_nope = k_nope.unsqueeze(1)
            q = self.q_b_proj(q)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)
        else:
            q = self.q_proj(hidden_states)[0].view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim
            )
            latent_cache = self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
            k_nope = latent_cache[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]
            k_nope = self.kv_a_layernorm(k_nope).unsqueeze(1)

        q_nope, q_pe = q.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1)
        k_pe = latent_cache[..., self.kv_lora_rank :].unsqueeze(1)

        if self.use_deep_gemm_bmm:
            q_nope_val, q_nope_scale, masked_m, expected_m, aligned_m = (
                per_token_group_quant_mla_deep_gemm_masked_fp8(q_nope.transpose(0, 1))
            )
            q_nope_out = q_nope.new_empty(
                (self.num_local_heads, aligned_m, self.kv_lora_rank)
            )
            deep_gemm_wrapper.grouped_gemm_nt_f8f8bf16_masked(
                (q_nope_val, q_nope_scale),
                (self.w_kc, self.w_scale_k),
                q_nope_out,
                masked_m,
                expected_m,
            )
            q_nope_out = q_nope_out[:, :expected_m, :]
        elif _is_hip:
            # TODO(haishaw): add bmm_fp8 to ROCm
            if _use_aiter_gfx95 and self.w_kc.dtype == torch.uint8:
                x = q_nope.transpose(0, 1)
                q_nope_out = torch.empty(
                    x.shape[0],
                    x.shape[1],
                    self.w_kc.shape[2],
                    device=x.device,
                    dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                )
                batched_gemm_afp4wfp4_pre_quant(
                    x,
                    self.w_kc.transpose(-2, -1),
                    self.w_scale_k.transpose(-2, -1),
                    torch.bfloat16,
                    q_nope_out,
                )
            else:
                q_nope_out = torch.bmm(
                    q_nope.to(torch.bfloat16).transpose(0, 1),
                    self.w_kc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self.w_scale,
                )
        elif self.w_kc.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            # fix bmm_fp8 error under cublas12.9 caused by bumpallocator, detail in pr#11612
            q_nope_val, q_nope_scale = per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8(
                q_nope.transpose(0, 1),
                (
                    torch.zeros((1,), dtype=torch.float32, device=q_nope.device)
                    if _is_cublas_ge_129
                    else zero_allocator.allocate(1)
                ),
            )
            q_nope_out = bmm_fp8(
                q_nope_val, self.w_kc, q_nope_scale, self.w_scale, torch.bfloat16
            )
        else:
            q_nope_out = torch.bmm(q_nope.transpose(0, 1), self.w_kc)

        q_nope_out = q_nope_out.transpose(0, 1)

        if not self._fuse_rope_for_trtllm_mla(forward_batch) and (
            not _use_aiter or not _is_gfx95_supported or self.use_nsa
        ):
            q_pe, k_pe = self.rotary_emb(positions, q_pe, k_pe)

        topk_indices = None
        if q_lora is not None:
            topk_indices = self.indexer(
                x=hidden_states,
                q_lora=q_lora,
                positions=positions,
                forward_batch=forward_batch,
                layer_id=self.layer_id,
            )

        return (
            q_pe,
            k_pe,
            q_nope_out,
            k_nope,
            forward_batch,
            zero_allocator,
            positions,
            topk_indices,
        )

    def forward_absorb_core(
        self,
        q_pe,
        k_pe,
        q_nope_out,
        k_nope,
        forward_batch,
        zero_allocator,
        positions,
        topk_indices,
    ):
        if self.current_attention_backend in FORWARD_ABSORB_CORE_ATTENTION_BACKENDS:
            extra_args = {}
            if self._fuse_rope_for_trtllm_mla(forward_batch):
                extra_args = {
                    "cos_sin_cache": self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache,
                    "is_neox": self.rotary_emb.is_neox_style,
                }

            attn_output = self.attn_mqa(
                q_nope_out,
                k_nope,
                k_nope,
                forward_batch,
                q_rope=q_pe,
                k_rope=k_pe,
                **extra_args,
                **(dict(topk_indices=topk_indices) if topk_indices is not None else {}),
            )
        else:
            if _use_aiter_gfx95:
                cos = self.rotary_emb.cos_cache
                sin = self.rotary_emb.sin_cache
                q, k = fused_qk_rope_cat(
                    q_nope_out,
                    q_pe,
                    k_nope,
                    k_pe,
                    positions,
                    cos,
                    sin,
                    self.rotary_emb.is_neox_style,
                )
            else:
                q = torch.cat([q_nope_out, q_pe], dim=-1)
                k = torch.cat([k_nope, k_pe], dim=-1)

            attn_output = self.attn_mqa(
                q,
                k,
                k_nope,
                forward_batch,
                **(dict(topk_indices=topk_indices) if topk_indices is not None else {}),
            )
        attn_output = attn_output.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank)

        if self.use_deep_gemm_bmm:
            attn_output_val, attn_output_scale, masked_m, expected_m, aligned_m = (
                per_token_group_quant_mla_deep_gemm_masked_fp8(
                    attn_output.transpose(0, 1)
                )
            )
            attn_bmm_output = attn_output.new_empty(
                (self.num_local_heads, aligned_m, self.v_head_dim)
            )
            deep_gemm_wrapper.grouped_gemm_nt_f8f8bf16_masked(
                (attn_output_val, attn_output_scale),
                (self.w_vc, self.w_scale_v),
                attn_bmm_output,
                masked_m,
                expected_m,
            )
            attn_bmm_output = (
                attn_bmm_output[:, :expected_m, :].transpose(0, 1).flatten(1, 2)
            )
        elif _is_hip:
            # TODO(haishaw): add bmm_fp8 to ROCm
            if _use_aiter_gfx95 and self.w_vc.dtype == torch.uint8:
                x = attn_output.transpose(0, 1)
                attn_bmm_output = torch.empty(
                    x.shape[0],
                    x.shape[1],
                    self.w_vc.shape[2],
                    device=x.device,
                    dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                )
                batched_gemm_afp4wfp4_pre_quant(
                    x,
                    self.w_vc.transpose(-2, -1),
                    self.w_scale_v.transpose(-2, -1),
                    torch.bfloat16,
                    attn_bmm_output,
                )
            else:
                attn_bmm_output = torch.bmm(
                    attn_output.to(torch.bfloat16).transpose(0, 1),
                    self.w_vc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self.w_scale,
                )

            if self.o_proj.weight.dtype == torch.uint8:
                attn_bmm_output = attn_bmm_output.transpose(0, 1)
                attn_bmm_output = fused_flatten_mxfp4_quant(attn_bmm_output)
            else:
                attn_bmm_output = attn_bmm_output.transpose(0, 1).flatten(1, 2)

        elif self.w_vc.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            attn_output_val, attn_output_scale = per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8(
                attn_output.transpose(0, 1),
                (
                    torch.zeros((1,), dtype=torch.float32, device=attn_output.device)
                    if _is_cublas_ge_129
                    else zero_allocator.allocate(1)
                ),
            )
            attn_bmm_output = bmm_fp8(
                attn_output_val,
                self.w_vc,
                attn_output_scale,
                self.w_scale,
                torch.bfloat16,
            )
            attn_bmm_output = attn_bmm_output.transpose(0, 1).flatten(1, 2)
        else:
            attn_bmm_output = torch.empty(
                (attn_output.shape[0], self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim),
                dtype=attn_output.dtype,
                device=attn_output.device,
            )
            torch.bmm(
                attn_output.transpose(0, 1),
                self.w_vc,
                out=attn_bmm_output.view(
                    -1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim
                ).transpose(0, 1),
            )
        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_bmm_output)

        return output

    def forward_npu_sparse_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        """
        Reuse `self.q_lora_rank is not None` branch from forward_absorb_prepare
        """
        if self.is_mla_preprocess_enabled and forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode():
            if self.mla_preprocess is None:
                self.mla_preprocess = NPUFusedMLAPreprocess(
                    self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa,
                    self.q_a_layernorm,
                    self.kv_a_layernorm,
                    self.q_b_proj,
                    self.w_kc,
                    self.rotary_emb,
                    self.layer_id,
                    self.num_local_heads,
                    self.qk_nope_head_dim,
                    self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                )
            (
                q_pe,
                k_pe,
                q_nope_out,
                k_nope,
                forward_batch,
                zero_allocator,
                positions,
            ) = self.mla_preprocess.forward(
                positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
            )

            fused_qkv_a_proj_out = self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
            q, _ = fused_qkv_a_proj_out.split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            q_lora = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
        else:
            from sglang.srt.model_executor.cuda_graph_runner import get_is_capture_mode

            if (
                (not isinstance(hidden_states, tuple))
                and hidden_states.shape[0] <= 16
                and self.use_min_latency_fused_a_gemm
            ):
                fused_qkv_a_proj_out = dsv3_fused_a_gemm(
                    hidden_states, self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.T
                )
            else:
                fused_qkv_a_proj_out = self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
            q, latent_cache = fused_qkv_a_proj_out.split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            k_nope = latent_cache[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]

            # overlap qk norm
            if self.alt_stream is not None and get_is_capture_mode():
                current_stream = torch.cuda.current_stream()
                self.alt_stream.wait_stream(current_stream)
                q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
                with torch.cuda.stream(self.alt_stream):
                    k_nope = self.kv_a_layernorm(k_nope)
                current_stream.wait_stream(self.alt_stream)
            else:
                if _use_aiter_gfx95 and self.q_b_proj.weight.dtype == torch.uint8:
                    q, k_nope = fused_rms_mxfp4_quant(
                        q,
                        self.q_a_layernorm.weight,
                        self.q_a_layernorm.variance_epsilon,
                        k_nope,
                        self.kv_a_layernorm.weight,
                        self.kv_a_layernorm.variance_epsilon,
                    )
                else:
                    q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
                    k_nope = self.kv_a_layernorm(k_nope)

            q_lora = q.clone()  # required for topk_indices
            k_nope = k_nope.unsqueeze(1)
            q = self.q_b_proj(q)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)

            q_nope, q_pe = q.split(
                [self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            k_pe = latent_cache[..., self.kv_lora_rank :].unsqueeze(1)

            if self.use_deep_gemm_bmm:
                q_nope_val, q_nope_scale, masked_m, expected_m, aligned_m = (
                    per_token_group_quant_mla_deep_gemm_masked_fp8(
                        q_nope.transpose(0, 1)
                    )
                )
                q_nope_out = q_nope.new_empty(
                    (self.num_local_heads, aligned_m, self.kv_lora_rank)
                )
                deep_gemm_wrapper.grouped_gemm_nt_f8f8bf16_masked(
                    (q_nope_val, q_nope_scale),
                    (self.w_kc, self.w_scale_k),
                    q_nope_out,
                    masked_m,
                    expected_m,
                )
                q_nope_out = q_nope_out[:, :expected_m, :]
            elif _is_hip:
                # TODO(haishaw): add bmm_fp8 to ROCm
                if _use_aiter_gfx95 and self.w_kc.dtype == torch.uint8:
                    x = q_nope.transpose(0, 1)
                    q_nope_out = torch.empty(
                        x.shape[0],
                        x.shape[1],
                        self.w_kc.shape[2],
                        device=x.device,
                        dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                    )
                    batched_gemm_afp4wfp4_pre_quant(
                        x,
                        self.w_kc.transpose(-2, -1),
                        self.w_scale_k.transpose(-2, -1),
                        torch.bfloat16,
                        q_nope_out,
                    )
                else:
                    q_nope_out = torch.bmm(
                        q_nope.to(torch.bfloat16).transpose(0, 1),
                        self.w_kc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self.w_scale,
                    )
            elif self.w_kc.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
                q_nope_val, q_nope_scale = per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8(
                    q_nope.transpose(0, 1),
                    zero_allocator.allocate(1),
                )
                q_nope_out = bmm_fp8(
                    q_nope_val, self.w_kc, q_nope_scale, self.w_scale, torch.bfloat16
                )
            else:
                q_nope_out = torch.bmm(q_nope.transpose(0, 1), self.w_kc)

            q_nope_out = q_nope_out.transpose(0, 1)

            if not self._fuse_rope_for_trtllm_mla(forward_batch) and (
                not _use_aiter or not _is_gfx95_supported
            ):
                q_pe, k_pe = self.rotary_emb(positions, q_pe, k_pe)

        # TODO: multi-stream indexer
        topk_indices = self.indexer(
            hidden_states, q_lora, positions, forward_batch, self.layer_id
        )

        return (
            q_pe,
            k_pe,
            q_nope_out,
            k_nope,
            topk_indices,
            forward_batch,
            zero_allocator,
            positions,
        )

    def forward_npu_sparse_core(
        self,
        q_pe,
        k_pe,
        q_nope_out,
        k_nope,
        topk_indices,
        forward_batch,
        zero_allocator,
        positions,
    ):
        attn_output = self.attn_mqa(
            q_nope_out.contiguous(),
            k_nope.contiguous(),
            k_nope.contiguous(),
            forward_batch,
            save_kv_cache=True,  # False if forward_batch.forward_mode.is_extend() else True,
            q_rope=q_pe.contiguous(),
            k_rope=k_pe.contiguous(),
            topk_indices=topk_indices,
        )
        attn_output = attn_output.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank)

        attn_bmm_output = torch.empty(
            (attn_output.shape[0], self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim),
            dtype=attn_output.dtype,
            device=attn_output.device,
        )

        if not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_decode():
            attn_output = attn_output.transpose(0, 1)
            torch.bmm(
                attn_output,
                self.w_vc,
                out=attn_bmm_output.view(
                    -1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim
                ).transpose(0, 1),
            )
        else:
            attn_output = attn_output.contiguous()
            torch.ops.npu.batch_matmul_transpose(
                attn_output, self.w_vc, attn_bmm_output
            )

        attn_bmm_output = attn_bmm_output.reshape(
            -1, self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim
        )

        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_bmm_output)
        return output

    def forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        enable_rope_fusion = (
            os.getenv("SGLANG_FUSED_MLA_ENABLE_ROPE_FUSION", "1") == "1"
        )
        q_len = hidden_states.shape[0]
        q_input = hidden_states.new_empty(
            q_len, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim
        )
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            q, latent_cache = self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0].split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            q = self.q_a_layernorm(q)
            q = self.q_b_proj(q)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)
        else:
            q = self.q_proj(hidden_states)[0].view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim
            )
            latent_cache = self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
        q_nope, q_pe = q.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1)

        if _is_hip:
            # TODO(haishaw): add bmm_fp8 to ROCm
            q_nope_out = torch.bmm(
                q_nope.to(torch.bfloat16).transpose(0, 1),
                self.w_kc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self.w_scale,
            )
        elif self.w_kc.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            q_nope_val, q_nope_scale = per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8(
                q_nope.transpose(0, 1),
                zero_allocator.allocate(1),
                dtype=torch.float8_e4m3fn,
            )
            q_nope_out = bmm_fp8(
                q_nope_val, self.w_kc, q_nope_scale, self.w_scale, torch.bfloat16
            )
        else:
            q_nope_out = torch.bmm(q_nope.transpose(0, 1), self.w_kc)
        q_input[..., : self.kv_lora_rank] = q_nope_out.transpose(0, 1)
        v_input = latent_cache[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]
        v_input = self.kv_a_layernorm(v_input.contiguous()).unsqueeze(1)
        k_input = latent_cache.unsqueeze(1)
        k_input[..., : self.kv_lora_rank] = v_input

        if not enable_rope_fusion:
            k_pe = k_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :]
            q_pe, k_pe = self.rotary_emb(positions, q_pe, k_pe)
            q_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :] = q_pe
            k_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :] = k_pe
            k_pe_output = None
        else:
            k_pe_output = torch.empty_like(k_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :])

        q_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :] = q_pe

        # attn_output = self.attn_mqa(q_input, k_input, v_input, forward_batch)
        # Use Fused ROPE with use_rope=OFF.
        attn_output = torch.empty(
            (q_len, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank),
            dtype=q.dtype,
            device=q.device,
        )
        attn_logits, _, kv_indptr, kv_indices, _, _, _ = (
            forward_batch.attn_backend.forward_metadata
        )
        cos_sin_cache = self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache
        num_kv_split = forward_batch.attn_backend.num_kv_splits
        sm_scale = self.attn_mqa.scaling
        if attn_logits is None:
            attn_logits = torch.empty(
                (
                    forward_batch.batch_size,
                    self.num_local_heads,
                    num_kv_split,
                    self.kv_lora_rank + 1,
                ),
                dtype=torch.float32,
                device=q.device,
            )

        # save current latent cache.
        forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.set_kv_buffer(
            self.attn_mqa, forward_batch.out_cache_loc, k_input, None
        )
        key_cache_buf = forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.get_key_buffer(
            self.attn_mqa.layer_id
        )
        val_cache_buf = key_cache_buf[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]

        return (
            q_input,
            key_cache_buf,
            val_cache_buf,
            attn_output,
            kv_indptr,
            kv_indices,
            k_pe_output,
            cos_sin_cache,
            positions,
            attn_logits,
            num_kv_split,
            sm_scale,
            enable_rope_fusion,
            k_input,
            forward_batch,
            zero_allocator,
        )

    def forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        assert self.q_lora_rank is not None and use_intel_amx_backend(
            self
        ), "forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_prepare requires q_lora_rank is not None and use_intel_amx_backend"

        q_input, k_input, v_input = (
            torch.ops.sgl_kernel.qkv_proj_with_rope_fused_weight(
                hidden_states,
                self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight,
                self.q_b_proj.weight,
                self.w_kc,
                self.q_a_layernorm.weight,
                self.kv_a_layernorm.weight,
                positions,
                self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache,
                self.kv_a_layernorm.variance_epsilon,
                self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_int8,
                self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_fp8,
                (
                    self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight_scale
                    if self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_int8
                    else (
                        self.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight_scale_inv
                        if self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_fp8
                        else None
                    )
                ),
                (
                    self.q_b_proj.weight_scale
                    if self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_int8
                    else (
                        self.q_b_proj.weight_scale_inv
                        if self.qkv_proj_with_rope_is_fp8
                        else None
                    )
                ),
                True,  # is_vnni
                self.weight_block_size,
                self.q_lora_rank,
                self.kv_lora_rank,
                self.qk_rope_head_dim,
            )
        )
        return (q_input, k_input, v_input, forward_batch, zero_allocator)

    def forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_core(
        self,
        q_input,
        key_cache_buf,
        val_cache_buf,
        attn_output,
        kv_indptr,
        kv_indices,
        k_pe_output,
        cos_sin_cache,
        positions,
        attn_logits,
        num_kv_split,
        sm_scale,
        enable_rope_fusion,
        k_input,
        forward_batch,
        zero_allocator,
    ):
        decode_attention_fwd_grouped_rope(
            q_input,
            key_cache_buf,
            val_cache_buf,
            attn_output,
            kv_indptr,
            kv_indices,
            k_pe_output,
            self.kv_lora_rank,
            self.rotary_emb.rotary_dim,
            cos_sin_cache,
            positions,
            attn_logits,
            num_kv_split,
            sm_scale,
            logit_cap=self.attn_mqa.logit_cap,
            use_rope=enable_rope_fusion,
            is_neox_style=self.rotary_emb.is_neox_style,
        )

        if enable_rope_fusion:
            k_input[..., self.kv_lora_rank :] = k_pe_output
            forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.set_kv_buffer(
                self.attn_mqa, forward_batch.out_cache_loc, k_input, None
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank)

        if _is_hip:
            # TODO(haishaw): add bmm_fp8 to ROCm
            attn_bmm_output = torch.bmm(
                attn_output.to(torch.bfloat16).transpose(0, 1),
                self.w_vc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self.w_scale,
            )
        elif self.w_vc.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            attn_output_val, attn_output_scale = per_tensor_quant_mla_fp8(
                attn_output.transpose(0, 1),
                zero_allocator.allocate(1),
                dtype=torch.float8_e4m3fn,
            )
            attn_bmm_output = bmm_fp8(
                attn_output_val,
                self.w_vc,
                attn_output_scale,
                self.w_scale,
                torch.bfloat16,
            )
        else:
            attn_bmm_output = torch.bmm(attn_output.transpose(0, 1), self.w_vc)
        attn_output = attn_bmm_output.transpose(0, 1).flatten(1, 2)
        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)

        return output

    def forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_core(
        self, q_input, k_input, v_input, forward_batch, zero_allocator
    ):
        assert self.q_lora_rank is not None and use_intel_amx_backend(
            self
        ), "forward_absorb_fused_mla_rope_cpu_core requires q_lora_rank is not None and use_intel_amx_backend"

        attn_output = self.attn_mqa(q_input, k_input, v_input, forward_batch)
        attn_output = attn_output.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank)

        # [Note] Align shapes of bmm inputs.
        # Shapes of inputs:
        #   q_nope: [M, B, K]
        #   original self.w_kc: [B, K, N]
        #   current self.w_kc (which has been converted in PackWeightMethod): [B, N, K]

        # Shapes of inputs to sgl_kernel.cpu.bmm:
        #   out: [B, M, N]
        #   mat1: [B, M, K]
        #   mat2: [B, N, K]
        B = self.w_vc.size(0)
        N = self.w_vc.size(1)
        M = attn_output.size(0)
        output = torch.empty([M, int(B * N)], dtype=attn_output.dtype)
        attn_bmm_output = output.view([M, B, N]).transpose_(0, 1)
        torch.ops.sgl_kernel.bmm_cpu(
            attn_bmm_output,
            attn_output.transpose(0, 1),
            self.w_vc,
            True,  # is_vnni
            None,  # scale
        )
        attn_output = output
        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)

        return output

    def _chunked_prefix_attn_mha(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        accum_output: torch.Tensor,
        accum_lse: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:

        assert forward_batch.num_prefix_chunks is not None
        for i in range(forward_batch.num_prefix_chunks):
            forward_batch.set_prefix_chunk_idx(i)

            # Fetch latent cache from memory pool with precomputed chunked kv indices
            latent_cache_buf = forward_batch.token_to_kv_pool.get_key_buffer(
                self.attn_mha.layer_id
            )
            latent_cache = (
                latent_cache_buf[forward_batch.prefix_chunk_kv_indices[i]]
                .contiguous()
                .to(q.dtype)
            )

            kv_a_normed, k_pe = latent_cache.split(
                [self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            kv_a_normed = kv_a_normed.squeeze(1).contiguous()
            kv = self.kv_b_proj(kv_a_normed)[0]
            kv = kv.view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim
            )
            v = kv[..., self.qk_nope_head_dim :]
            k_nope = kv[..., : self.qk_nope_head_dim]

            k = torch.empty(
                (
                    k_nope.shape[0],
                    self.num_local_heads,
                    self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                ),
                dtype=v.dtype,
                device=v.device,
            )
            k[..., : self.qk_nope_head_dim] = k_nope
            k[..., self.qk_nope_head_dim :] = k_pe

            output, lse = self.attn_mha(q, k, v, forward_batch, save_kv_cache=False)
            tmp_output = torch.empty_like(accum_output)
            tmp_lse = torch.empty_like(accum_lse)
            merge_state_v2(output, lse, accum_output, accum_lse, tmp_output, tmp_lse)
            accum_output, accum_lse = tmp_output, tmp_lse
            del kv, k, v, output, lse, tmp_output, tmp_lse

        return accum_output

    def forward_normal_chunked_kv_prepare(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
    ):
        # In normal mha, the k and v tensors will become overly large when the prefix length is long.
        # To avoid this, we split the kv cache into chunks and process them one after another.
        # Since mha is compute friendly, the for loop induced here will not introduce significant overhead.
        # The top comments in https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/vllm/v1/attention/backends/mla/common.py
        # will be helpful for understanding the purpose of this function.

        # First do normal mha forward to get output for extended part
        return self.forward_normal_prepare(
            positions, hidden_states, forward_batch, zero_allocator
        )

    def forward_normal_chunked_kv_core(self, q, k, v, forward_batch):
        has_extend_prefix = any(forward_batch.extend_prefix_lens_cpu)
        # Only initialize the info once
        if has_extend_prefix and forward_batch.num_prefix_chunks is None:
            forward_batch.prepare_chunked_prefix_cache_info(q.device)
            if hasattr(forward_batch.attn_backend, "init_mha_chunk_metadata"):
                forward_batch.attn_backend.init_mha_chunk_metadata(forward_batch)

        forward_batch.mha_return_lse = has_extend_prefix
        # Do mha for extended part without prefix
        forward_batch.set_attn_attend_prefix_cache(False)
        attn_output = self.attn_mha(q, k, v, forward_batch, save_kv_cache=False)

        # Do mha attention with chunked prefix cache if there are any sequence with prefix
        if has_extend_prefix:
            attn_output, lse = attn_output
            forward_batch.set_attn_attend_prefix_cache(True)
            attn_output = self._chunked_prefix_attn_mha(
                q=q,
                accum_output=attn_output,
                accum_lse=lse,
                forward_batch=forward_batch,
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(-1, self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim)
        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)
        return output

    @staticmethod
    def _get_q_b_proj_quant_config(quant_config):
        if get_bool_env_var("SGLANG_NVFP4_CKPT_FP8_GEMM_IN_ATTN"):
            # refer to real DeepSeek V3 quant config
            return Fp8Config(
                is_checkpoint_fp8_serialized=True,
                weight_block_size=[128, 128],
            )
        else:
            return quant_config


class DeepseekV2DecoderLayer(nn.Module):

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PretrainedConfig,
        layer_id: int,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        moe_quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        is_nextn: bool = False,
        prefix: str = "",
        alt_stream: Optional[torch.cuda.Stream] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.config = config
        rope_theta = getattr(config, "rope_theta", 10000)
        rope_scaling = getattr(config, "rope_scaling", None)
        max_position_embeddings = getattr(config, "max_position_embeddings", 8192)
        self.speculative_algorithm = SpeculativeAlgorithm.from_string(
            get_global_server_args().speculative_algorithm
        )
        self.layer_id = layer_id
        self.is_nextn = is_nextn
        self.self_attn = DeepseekV2AttentionMLA(
            config=config,
            hidden_size=self.hidden_size,
            num_heads=config.num_attention_heads,
            qk_nope_head_dim=config.qk_nope_head_dim,
            qk_rope_head_dim=config.qk_rope_head_dim,
            v_head_dim=config.v_head_dim,
            q_lora_rank=(
                config.q_lora_rank if hasattr(config, "q_lora_rank") else None
            ),
            kv_lora_rank=config.kv_lora_rank,
            rope_theta=rope_theta,
            rope_scaling=rope_scaling,
            max_position_embeddings=max_position_embeddings,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            layer_id=layer_id,
            reduce_results=False,
            prefix=add_prefix("self_attn", prefix),
            alt_stream=alt_stream,
        )

        self.is_layer_sparse = self._is_layer_sparse(layer_id, is_nextn=is_nextn)
        is_previous_layer_sparse = self._is_layer_sparse(layer_id - 1, is_nextn=False)

        self.layer_scatter_modes = LayerScatterModes.init_new(
            layer_id=layer_id,
            num_layers=1 if is_nextn else config.num_hidden_layers,
            is_layer_sparse=self.is_layer_sparse,
            is_previous_layer_sparse=is_previous_layer_sparse,
        )

        if self.is_layer_sparse:
            self.mlp = DeepseekV2MoE(
                config=config,
                quant_config=moe_quant_config or quant_config,
                prefix=add_prefix("mlp", prefix),
                layer_id=self.layer_id,
                alt_stream=alt_stream,
                is_nextn=is_nextn,
            )
        else:
            if enable_moe_dense_fully_dp():
                mlp_tp_rank, mlp_tp_size = 0, 1
            else:
                mlp_tp_rank, mlp_tp_size = None, None
            self.mlp = DeepseekV2MLP(
                hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
                intermediate_size=config.intermediate_size,
                hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=add_prefix("mlp", prefix),
                tp_rank=mlp_tp_rank,
                tp_size=mlp_tp_size,
            )

        self.input_layernorm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        self.post_attention_layernorm = RMSNorm(
            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps
        )

        self.layer_communicator = LayerCommunicator(
            layer_scatter_modes=self.layer_scatter_modes,
            input_layernorm=self.input_layernorm,
            post_attention_layernorm=self.post_attention_layernorm,
            allow_reduce_scatter=True,
            is_last_layer=(
                is_nextn or (self.layer_id == self.config.num_hidden_layers - 1)
            ),
        )

    def _is_layer_sparse(self, layer_id: int, is_nextn: bool) -> bool:
        return is_nextn or (
            self.config.n_routed_experts is not None
            and layer_id >= self.config.first_k_dense_replace
            and layer_id % self.config.moe_layer_freq == 0
        )

    def forward(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        residual: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
        gemm_output_zero_allocator: BumpAllocator = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        quant_format = (
            "mxfp4"
            if _is_gfx95_supported
            and getattr(self.self_attn, "fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa", None) is not None
            and getattr(self.self_attn.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa, "weight", None)
            is not None
            and self.self_attn.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa.weight.dtype == torch.uint8
            else ""
        )

        hidden_states, residual = self.layer_communicator.prepare_attn(
            hidden_states,
            residual,
            forward_batch,
            quant_format,
        )

        hidden_states = self.self_attn(
            positions=positions,
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            forward_batch=forward_batch,
            zero_allocator=zero_allocator,
        )

        hidden_states, residual = self.layer_communicator.prepare_mlp(
            hidden_states, residual, forward_batch
        )

        should_allreduce_fusion = (
            self.layer_communicator.should_fuse_mlp_allreduce_with_next_layer(
                forward_batch
            )
        )

        # For DP with padding, reduce scatter can be used instead of all-reduce.
        use_reduce_scatter = self.layer_communicator.should_use_reduce_scatter(
            forward_batch
        )

        if isinstance(self.mlp, DeepseekV2MLP):
            gemm_output_zero_allocator = None

        hidden_states = self.mlp(
            hidden_states,
            forward_batch,
            should_allreduce_fusion,
            use_reduce_scatter,
            gemm_output_zero_allocator,
        )

        if should_allreduce_fusion:
            hidden_states._sglang_needs_allreduce_fusion = True

        if not should_allreduce_fusion:
            hidden_states, residual = self.layer_communicator.postprocess_layer(
                hidden_states, residual, forward_batch
            )

        return hidden_states, residual

    def op_comm_prepare_attn(
        self,
        state,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        residual: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        zero_allocator: BumpAllocator,
        tbo_subbatch_index: Optional[int] = None,
    ):
        state.hidden_states_after_comm_pre_attn, state.residual_after_input_ln = (
            self.layer_communicator.prepare_attn(hidden_states, residual, forward_batch)
        )
        state.update(
            dict(
                forward_batch=forward_batch,
                positions=positions,
                zero_allocator=zero_allocator,
                tbo_subbatch_index=tbo_subbatch_index,
            )
        )

    def op_comm_prepare_mlp(self, state):
        state.hidden_states_mlp_input, state.residual_after_comm_pre_mlp = (
            self.layer_communicator.prepare_mlp(
                state.pop("hidden_states_after_attn"),
                state.pop("residual_after_input_ln"),
                state.forward_batch,
            )
        )

    def op_mlp(self, state):
        hidden_states = state.pop("hidden_states_mlp_input")
        if not (
            enable_moe_dense_fully_dp()
            and (not self.is_layer_sparse)
            and hidden_states.shape[0] == 0
        ):
            state.hidden_states_mlp_output = self.mlp(
                hidden_states, state.forward_batch
            )
        else:
            state.hidden_states_mlp_output = hidden_states

    def op_comm_postprocess_layer(self, state):
        hidden_states, residual = self.layer_communicator.postprocess_layer(
            state.pop("hidden_states_mlp_output"),
            state.pop("residual_after_comm_pre_mlp"),
            state.forward_batch,
        )

        output = dict(
            positions=state.positions,
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            residual=residual,
            forward_batch=state.forward_batch,
            zero_allocator=state.zero_allocator,
            tbo_subbatch_index=state.tbo_subbatch_index,
        )

        state.clear(
            expect_keys={
                "positions",
                "forward_batch",
                "zero_allocator",
                "tbo_subbatch_index",
            }
        )
        return output


class DeepseekV2Model(nn.Module):
    fall_back_to_pt_during_load = False

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PretrainedConfig,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        prefix: str = "",
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.padding_id = config.pad_token_id
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.first_k_dense_replace = config.first_k_dense_replace
        self.pp_group = get_pp_group()

        if self.pp_group.is_first_rank:
            self.embed_tokens = VocabParallelEmbedding(
                config.vocab_size,
                config.hidden_size,
                enable_tp=not is_dp_attention_enabled(),
            )
        else:
            self.embed_tokens = PPMissingLayer()

        self.alt_stream = torch.cuda.Stream() if _is_cuda else None
        self.layers, self.start_layer, self.end_layer = make_layers(
            config.num_hidden_layers,
            lambda idx, prefix: DeepseekV2DecoderLayer(
                config=config,
                layer_id=idx,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=prefix,
                alt_stream=self.alt_stream,
            ),
            pp_rank=self.pp_group.rank_in_group,
            pp_size=self.pp_group.world_size,
            prefix=add_prefix("layers", prefix),
            offloader_kwargs=dict(
                submodule_accessor=lambda layer: (
                    layer.mlp.experts
                    if isinstance(layer.mlp, DeepseekV2MoE)
                    else layer.mlp
                ),
                whitelist_param_names_creator=lambda module: (
                    [
                        "w13_weight",
                        "w2_weight",
                        # only for nvfp4
                        *(
                            [
                                "w13_blockscale_swizzled",
                                "w2_blockscale_swizzled",
                            ]
                            if hasattr(module, "w13_blockscale_swizzled")
                            else []
                        ),
                    ]
                    if isinstance(module, FusedMoE)
                    else []
                ),
            ),
        )
        if self.pp_group.is_last_rank:
            self.norm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        else:
            self.norm = PPMissingLayer(return_tuple=True)

        self.gemm_output_zero_allocator_size = 0
        if (
            _use_aiter_gfx95
            and config.n_routed_experts == 256
            and self.embed_tokens.embedding_dim == 7168
        ):
            num_moe_layers = sum(
                [
                    1
                    for i in range(len(self.layers))
                    if isinstance(self.layers[i].mlp, DeepseekV2MoE)
                ]
            )

            allocate_size = 0
            for i in range(len(self.layers)):
                if isinstance(self.layers[i].mlp, DeepseekV2MoE):
                    allocate_size = self.layers[
                        i
                    ].mlp.shared_experts.gate_up_proj.output_size_per_partition
                    break

            self.gemm_output_zero_allocator_size = (
                get_dsv3_gemm_output_zero_allocator_size(
                    config.n_routed_experts,
                    num_moe_layers,
                    allocate_size,
                    self.embed_tokens.embedding_dim,
                )
            )

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.embed_tokens

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        input_embeds: torch.Tensor = None,
        pp_proxy_tensors: Optional[PPProxyTensors] = None,
    ) -> Union[torch.Tensor, PPProxyTensors]:
        total_num_layers = self.end_layer - self.start_layer
        device = input_embeds.device if input_embeds is not None else input_ids.device
        zero_allocator = BumpAllocator(
            buffer_size=total_num_layers * 2 * (2 if forward_batch.can_run_tbo else 1),
            dtype=torch.float32,
            device=device,
        )

        has_gemm_output_zero_allocator = hasattr(
            self, "gemm_output_zero_allocator_size"
        )

        gemm_output_zero_allocator = (
            BumpAllocator(
                buffer_size=self.gemm_output_zero_allocator_size,
                dtype=torch.float32,
                device=device,
            )
            if has_gemm_output_zero_allocator
            and self.gemm_output_zero_allocator_size > 0
            else None
        )

        if self.pp_group.is_first_rank:
            if input_embeds is None:
                hidden_states = self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
            else:
                hidden_states = input_embeds
            residual = None
        else:
            assert pp_proxy_tensors is not None
            hidden_states = pp_proxy_tensors["hidden_states"]
            residual = pp_proxy_tensors["residual"]

        normal_start_layer = self.start_layer
        normal_end_layer = self.end_layer
        if forward_batch.can_run_tbo:
            if (
                self.first_k_dense_replace > normal_start_layer
                and self.first_k_dense_replace < normal_end_layer
            ):
                normal_end_layer = self.first_k_dense_replace
            elif self.first_k_dense_replace < normal_start_layer:
                normal_end_layer = normal_start_layer = 0

        for i in range(normal_start_layer, normal_end_layer):
            with get_global_expert_distribution_recorder().with_current_layer(i):
                layer = self.layers[i]
                hidden_states, residual = layer(
                    positions,
                    hidden_states,
                    forward_batch,
                    residual,
                    zero_allocator,
                    gemm_output_zero_allocator,
                )

        if normal_end_layer != self.end_layer:
            hidden_states, residual = model_forward_maybe_tbo(
                layers=self.layers[normal_end_layer : self.end_layer],
                enable_tbo=True,
                positions=positions,
                forward_batch=forward_batch,
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                residual=residual,
                input_data_scatter_mode=self.layers[
                    normal_end_layer - 1
                ].layer_scatter_modes.layer_output_mode,
                zero_allocator=zero_allocator,
            )

        if not self.pp_group.is_last_rank:
            return PPProxyTensors(
                {
                    "hidden_states": hidden_states,
                    "residual": residual,
                }
            )
        else:
            if not forward_batch.forward_mode.is_idle():
                if residual is None:
                    hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states)
                else:
                    hidden_states, _ = self.norm(hidden_states, residual)
        return hidden_states


class DeepseekV2ForCausalLM(nn.Module):
    # for quark model load
    packed_modules_mapping = {}

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: PretrainedConfig,
        quant_config: Optional[QuantizationConfig] = None,
        prefix: str = "",
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()

        # for quark model load
        # Fuse q_a_proj and kv_a_proj_with_mqa along output dimension when q_lora_rank is not None
        self.fuse_qkv_a_proj = (
            hasattr(config, "q_lora_rank") and config.q_lora_rank is not None
        )
        if self.fuse_qkv_a_proj:
            self.packed_modules_mapping["fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa"] = [
                "q_a_proj",
                "kv_a_proj_with_mqa",
            ]

        self.pp_group = get_pp_group()
        self.config = config
        self.tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
        self.quant_config = quant_config
        self.determine_num_fused_shared_experts()
        self.model = DeepseekV2Model(
            config, quant_config, prefix=add_prefix("model", prefix)
        )
        self.lm_head = ParallelLMHead(
            config.vocab_size,
            config.hidden_size,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=add_prefix("lm_head", prefix),
            use_attn_tp_group=get_global_server_args().enable_dp_lm_head,
        )
        self.logits_processor = LogitsProcessor(config)

        self._routed_experts_weights_of_layer = LazyValue(
            lambda: {
                layer_id: layer.mlp.get_moe_weights()
                for layer_id, layer in enumerate(self.model.layers)
                if isinstance(layer.mlp, DeepseekV2MoE)
            }
        )

    @property
    def routed_experts_weights_of_layer(self):
        return self._routed_experts_weights_of_layer.value

    def determine_num_fused_shared_experts(
        self, architecture: str = "DeepseekV3ForCausalLM"
    ):
        self.num_fused_shared_experts = 0
        if get_global_server_args().disable_shared_experts_fusion:
            return

        # Only Deepseek V3/R1 can use shared experts fusion optimization now.
        disable_reason = None
        if (
            not _is_cuda
            or torch.cuda.get_device_capability("cuda") < (8, 0)
            or self.config.architectures[0] != architecture
            or self.config.n_routed_experts != 256
            or self.config.n_shared_experts != 1
        ):
            disable_reason = "Only Deepseek V3/R1 on NV-platform with capability >= 80 can use shared experts fusion optimization."
        elif get_moe_expert_parallel_world_size() > 1:
            disable_reason = "Deepseek V3/R1 can not use shared experts fusion optimization under expert parallelism."
        elif self.quant_config.get_name() == "w4afp8":
            disable_reason = "Deepseek V3/R1 W4AFP8 model uses different quant method for routed experts and shared experts."

        if disable_reason is not None:
            get_global_server_args().disable_shared_experts_fusion = True
            self.num_fused_shared_experts = 0
            log_info_on_rank0(
                logger,
                f"{disable_reason} Shared experts fusion optimization is disabled.",
            )
            return

        self.num_fused_shared_experts = self.config.n_shared_experts

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> nn.Embedding:
        return self.model.embed_tokens

    @torch.no_grad()
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
        input_embeds: torch.Tensor = None,
        pp_proxy_tensors: Optional[PPProxyTensors] = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.model(
            input_ids, positions, forward_batch, input_embeds, pp_proxy_tensors
        )

        if self.pp_group.is_last_rank:
            return self.logits_processor(
                input_ids, hidden_states, self.lm_head, forward_batch
            )
        else:
            return hidden_states

    @property
    def start_layer(self):
        return self.model.start_layer

    @property
    def end_layer(self):
        return self.model.end_layer

    def post_load_weights(self, is_nextn=False, weight_names=None):

        # Perform post-processing after loading weights
        if is_nextn:
            layer_ids = [self.config.num_hidden_layers]
        else:
            if weight_names is None:
                layer_ids = range(self.model.start_layer, self.model.end_layer)
            else:
                layer_ids = set()
                for name in weight_names:
                    if "kv_b_proj" in name:
                        layer_id = int(name.split(".")[2])
                        if layer_id < self.config.num_hidden_layers:
                            layer_ids.add(layer_id)

        for layer_id in layer_ids:
            self_attn = (
                self.model.layers[layer_id].self_attn
                if not is_nextn
                else self.model.decoder.self_attn
            )
            if hasattr(self_attn.kv_b_proj, "qweight"):
                # AWQ compatible
                if _is_cuda or _is_hip:
                    w = awq_dequantize(
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.qweight,
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.scales,
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.qzeros,
                    ).T
                else:
                    w = awq_dequantize(
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.qweight,
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.scales,
                        self_attn.kv_b_proj.qzeros,
                        0,
                        0,
                        0,
                    ).T
            else:
                w = self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight
            # NOTE(HandH1998): Since `bmm_fp8` only supports per-tensor scale, we have to requantize `self_attn.kv_b_proj`.
            # This may affect the accuracy of fp8 model.
            # Fix deepseek v3 blockwise bmm by using deep_gemm
            use_deep_gemm_bmm = False

            if w.dtype in (
                torch.float8_e4m3fn,
                torch.float8_e4m3fnuz,
            ):
                if (
                    hasattr(self.quant_config, "weight_block_size")
                    and self.quant_config.weight_block_size is not None
                ):
                    weight_block_size = self.quant_config.weight_block_size
                    assert hasattr(self_attn.kv_b_proj, "weight_scale_inv")
                    if _is_fp8_fnuz:
                        weight, weight_scale, _ = normalize_e4m3fn_to_e4m3fnuz(
                            weight=w,
                            weight_scale=self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale_inv,
                            input_scale=None,
                        )
                    else:
                        weight = w
                        weight_scale = self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale_inv

                    if (
                        _is_cuda
                        and weight_block_size[0] == 128
                        and weight_block_size[1] == 128
                    ):
                        if (
                            deep_gemm_wrapper.ENABLE_JIT_DEEPGEMM
                            and not deep_gemm_wrapper.DEEPGEMM_BLACKWELL
                            and get_bool_env_var("SGL_USE_DEEPGEMM_BMM", "false")
                        ):
                            block_scale = weight_scale
                            use_deep_gemm_bmm = True
                        else:
                            w = block_quant_dequant(
                                weight,
                                weight_scale,
                                weight_block_size,
                                torch.bfloat16,
                            )
                    else:
                        w, scale = block_quant_to_tensor_quant(
                            weight, weight_scale, weight_block_size
                        )
                        self_attn.w_scale = scale
                else:
                    if _is_fp8_fnuz:
                        weight, weight_scale, _ = normalize_e4m3fn_to_e4m3fnuz(
                            weight=w,
                            weight_scale=self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale,
                            input_scale=None,
                        )
                    else:
                        weight = w
                        weight_scale = self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale

                    w, scale = channel_quant_to_tensor_quant(weight, weight_scale)
                    self_attn.w_scale = scale

            if w.dtype == torch.int8:
                if hasattr(self.quant_config, "weight_block_size"):
                    # block-wise int8 need it
                    weight_block_size = self.quant_config.weight_block_size
                    if weight_block_size is not None:
                        assert hasattr(self_attn.kv_b_proj, "weight_scale_inv")
                        weight = w
                        weight_scale = self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale_inv
                        w = int8_block_dequant(
                            weight, weight_scale, weight_block_size
                        ).to(torch.bfloat16)
                else:
                    # channel-wise int8 need it
                    w = w.to(torch.bfloat16) * self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale.to(
                        torch.bfloat16
                    )

            w_kc, w_vc = w.unflatten(
                0, (-1, self_attn.qk_nope_head_dim + self_attn.v_head_dim)
            ).split([self_attn.qk_nope_head_dim, self_attn.v_head_dim], dim=1)

            if (
                _use_aiter_gfx95
                and self.quant_config is not None
                and self.quant_config.get_name() == "quark"
            ):
                w_kc, self_attn.w_scale_k, w_vc, self_attn.w_scale_v = (
                    quark_post_load_weights(self_attn, w, "mxfp4")
                )

            if not use_deep_gemm_bmm:
                self_attn.w_kc = bind_or_assign(
                    self_attn.w_kc, w_kc.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().transpose(1, 2)
                )
                self_attn.w_vc = bind_or_assign(
                    self_attn.w_vc, w_vc.contiguous().transpose(1, 2)
                )
                if (
                    hasattr(self_attn.kv_b_proj, "weight_scale")
                    and self_attn.w_scale is None
                ):
                    self_attn.w_scale = bind_or_assign(
                        self_attn.w_scale, self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight_scale
                    )
                    if _is_hip:
                        self_attn.w_scale *= 2.0
                # TODO: remove this after adding FP8 support in bmm cpu kernel
                if _is_cpu and _is_cpu_amx_available and w.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
                    self_attn.w_kc = (
                        self_attn.w_kc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self_attn.w_scale
                    )
                    self_attn.w_vc = (
                        self_attn.w_vc.to(torch.bfloat16) * self_attn.w_scale
                    )
            else:
                num_tiles_k = self_attn.qk_nope_head_dim // weight_block_size[1]
                num_tiles_n = self_attn.v_head_dim // weight_block_size[0]
                ws_kc, ws_vc = block_scale.unflatten(
                    0, (-1, (num_tiles_k + num_tiles_n))
                ).split([num_tiles_k, num_tiles_n], dim=1)
                self_attn.w_scale_k = bind_or_assign(
                    self_attn.w_scale_k, ws_kc.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
                )
                self_attn.w_scale_v = bind_or_assign(
                    self_attn.w_scale_v, ws_vc.contiguous()
                )
                self_attn.w_kc = bind_or_assign(
                    self_attn.w_kc, w_kc.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
                )
                self_attn.w_vc = bind_or_assign(self_attn.w_vc, w_vc.contiguous())
                self_attn.use_deep_gemm_bmm = True

        if (
            deep_gemm_wrapper.ENABLE_JIT_DEEPGEMM
            and deep_gemm_wrapper.DEEPGEMM_SCALE_UE8M0
            and hasattr(self.quant_config, "weight_block_size")
            and self.quant_config.weight_block_size is not None
        ):
            self._weight_requant_ue8m0(is_nextn)

        # TODO can move weight_requant_ue8m0 and transform_scale_ue8m0 into Fp8LinearMethod.process_weights_after_loading
        if (
            deep_gemm_wrapper.ENABLE_JIT_DEEPGEMM
            and deep_gemm_wrapper.DEEPGEMM_SCALE_UE8M0
            and get_bool_env_var("SGLANG_NVFP4_CKPT_FP8_GEMM_IN_ATTN")
        ):
            self._transform_scale_ue8m0(is_nextn)
        if is_nextn and enable_nextn_moe_bf16_cast_to_fp8(self.quant_config):
            self._transform_scale_nextn_moe_ue8m0()

    def _weight_requant_ue8m0(self, is_nextn=False):
        weight_block_size = self.quant_config.weight_block_size

        moe_layers = list(
            range(
                self.config.first_k_dense_replace,
                self.config.num_hidden_layers,
                self.config.moe_layer_freq,
            )
        )

        num_hidden_layers = 1 if is_nextn else self.config.num_hidden_layers

        for layer_id in range(num_hidden_layers):
            if is_nextn:
                layer = self.model.decoder
            else:
                layer = self.model.layers[layer_id]

            module_list = [
                layer.self_attn.kv_b_proj,
                layer.self_attn.o_proj,
            ]

            if self.config.q_lora_rank is not None:
                module_list.append(layer.self_attn.fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa)
                module_list.append(layer.self_attn.q_b_proj)
            else:
                module_list.append(layer.self_attn.kv_a_proj_with_mqa)
                module_list.append(layer.self_attn.q_proj)

            for module in module_list:
                requant_weight_ue8m0_inplace(
                    module.weight, module.weight_scale_inv, weight_block_size
                )

            if layer_id in moe_layers or is_nextn:
                shared_experts = getattr(layer.mlp, "shared_experts", None)
                if shared_experts is not None:
                    for module in [
                        shared_experts.gate_up_proj,
                        shared_experts.down_proj,
                    ]:
                        requant_weight_ue8m0_inplace(
                            module.weight, module.weight_scale_inv, weight_block_size
                        )

                experts = layer.mlp.experts
                if isinstance(experts, DeepEPMoE):
                    for w in [
                        experts.w13_weight_fp8,
                        experts.w2_weight_fp8,
                    ]:
                        requant_weight_ue8m0_inplace(w[0], w[1], weight_block_size)
            else:
                mlp = layer.mlp
                assert isinstance(mlp, DeepseekV2MLP)
                for module in [
                    mlp.gate_up_proj,
                    mlp.down_proj,
                ]:
                    requant_weight_ue8m0_inplace(
                        module.weight, module.weight_scale_inv, weight_block_size
                    )

    # TODO can move weight_requant_ue8m0 and transform_scale_ue8m0 into Fp8LinearMethod.process_weights_after_loading
    def _transform_scale_ue8m0(self, is_nextn=False):
        num_hidden_layers = 1 if is_nextn else self.config.num_hidden_layers

        for layer_id in range(num_hidden_layers):
            if is_nextn:
                layer = self.model.decoder
            else:
                layer = self.model.layers[layer_id]

            module_list = []
            if self.config.q_lora_rank is not None:
                module_list.append(layer.self_attn.q_b_proj)

            for module in module_list:
                transform_scale_ue8m0_inplace(
                    module.weight_scale_inv, mn=module.weight.shape[-2]
                )

    # TODO avoid code dup (currently combine from weight_requant_ue8m0 and transform_scale_ue8m0)
    def _transform_scale_nextn_moe_ue8m0(self):
        layer = self.model.decoder

        shared_experts = getattr(layer.mlp, "shared_experts", None)
        if shared_experts is not None:
            for module in [
                shared_experts.gate_up_proj,
                shared_experts.down_proj,
            ]:
                transform_scale_ue8m0_inplace(
                    module.weight_scale_inv, mn=module.weight.shape[-2]
                )

        experts = layer.mlp.experts
        if isinstance(experts, DeepEPMoE):
            for w in [
                experts.w13_weight_fp8,
                experts.w2_weight_fp8,
            ]:
                transform_scale_ue8m0_inplace(w[1], mn=w[0].shape[-2])

    def load_weights(self, weights: Iterable[Tuple[str, torch.Tensor]], is_nextn=False):

        if is_nextn:
            if hasattr(self.config, "num_nextn_predict_layers"):
                num_nextn_layers = self.config.num_nextn_predict_layers
                assert num_nextn_layers == 1, "Only 1 nextn layer is supported"
                # compatible with old design
                nextn_layer_id = (
                    0
                    if self.config.num_hidden_layers == 1
                    else self.config.num_hidden_layers
                )
            else:
                raise ValueError("num_nextn_predict_layers is not in the config")

        if get_bool_env_var("SGLANG_NVFP4_CKPT_FP8_GEMM_IN_ATTN"):
            weights = self._quant_attn_to_fp8_ue8m0(weights, is_nextn=is_nextn)
        if is_nextn and enable_nextn_moe_bf16_cast_to_fp8(self.quant_config):
            weights = self._quant_nextn_moe_to_fp8_ue8m0(
                weights, nextn_layer_id=nextn_layer_id
            )

        stacked_params_mapping = [
            # (param_name, shard_name, shard_id)
            ("gate_up_proj", "gate_proj", 0),
            ("gate_up_proj", "up_proj", 1),
        ]

        # Params for weights, fp8 weight scales, fp8 activation scales
        # (param_name, weight_name, expert_id, shard_id)
        expert_params_mapping = FusedMoE.make_expert_params_mapping(
            ckpt_gate_proj_name="gate_proj",
            ckpt_down_proj_name="down_proj",
            ckpt_up_proj_name="up_proj",
            num_experts=self.config.n_routed_experts + self.num_fused_shared_experts,
        )
        # Params for special naming rules in mixed-precision models, for example:
        # model.layers.xx.mlp.experts.xx.w1.input_scale. For details,
        # see https://huggingface.co/Barrrrry/DeepSeek-R1-W4AFP8/blob/main.
        if self.quant_config and self.quant_config.get_name() == "w4afp8":
            expert_params_mapping += FusedMoE.make_expert_input_scale_params_mapping(
                num_experts=self.config.n_routed_experts
            )

        # Fuse q_a_proj and kv_a_proj_with_mqa along output dimension when q_lora_rank is not None
        fuse_qkv_a_proj = hasattr(self.config, "q_lora_rank") and (
            self.config.q_lora_rank is not None
        )
        cached_a_proj = {} if fuse_qkv_a_proj else None

        if is_nextn:
            nextn_layer_prefix = f"model.layers.{nextn_layer_id}"
            nextn_spec_weight_names = [
                "shared_head.norm",
                "eh_proj",
                "enorm",
                "hnorm",
            ]

        if self.num_fused_shared_experts > 0:
            assert self.num_fused_shared_experts == 1
            log_info_on_rank0(logger, "Shared experts fusion optimization enabled.")

        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
            futures = []
            params_dict = dict(self.named_parameters())
            weight_names = []
            for name, loaded_weight in weights:
                layer_id = get_layer_id(name)
                if (
                    layer_id is not None
                    and hasattr(self.model, "start_layer")
                    and (
                        layer_id < self.model.start_layer
                        or layer_id >= self.model.end_layer
                    )
                ):
                    continue
                if self.num_fused_shared_experts > 0 and "mlp.shared_experts" in name:
                    name = name.replace(
                        "mlp.shared_experts",
                        f"mlp.experts.{self.config.n_routed_experts}",
                    )

                weight_names.append(name)

                if not is_nextn:
                    if hasattr(self.config, "num_nextn_predict_layers"):
                        num_nextn_layers = self.config.num_nextn_predict_layers
                        if num_nextn_layers > 0 and name.startswith("model.layers"):
                            name_list = name.split(".")
                            if (
                                len(name_list) >= 3
                                and int(name_list[2]) >= self.config.num_hidden_layers
                            ):
                                continue
                else:
                    if not name.startswith(nextn_layer_prefix):
                        continue

                    # Use shared head and embed weights from target model
                    if "shared_head.head" in name or "embed_tokens" in name:
                        continue

                    is_decoder = True
                    # For nextn specific weights
                    for weight_name in nextn_spec_weight_names:
                        if weight_name in name:
                            name = name.replace(nextn_layer_prefix, "model")
                            is_decoder = False
                            break
                    # For decoder layer weights
                    if is_decoder:
                        name = name.replace(nextn_layer_prefix, "model.decoder")

                if "rotary_emb.inv_freq" in name:
                    continue
                for param_name, weight_name, shard_id in stacked_params_mapping:
                    # Skip non-stacked layers and experts (experts handled below).
                    if weight_name not in name:
                        continue
                    # We have mlp.experts[0].gate_proj in the checkpoint.
                    # Since we handle the experts below in expert_params_mapping,
                    # we need to skip here BEFORE we update the name, otherwise
                    # name will be updated to mlp.experts[0].gate_up_proj, which
                    # will then be updated below in expert_params_mapping
                    # for mlp.experts[0].gate_gate_up_proj, which breaks load.
                    if ("mlp.experts." in name) and name not in params_dict:
                        continue
                    name = name.replace(weight_name, param_name)
                    # Skip loading extra bias for GPTQ models.
                    if name.endswith(".bias") and name not in params_dict:
                        continue
                    param = params_dict[name]
                    weight_loader = param.weight_loader
                    futures.append(
                        executor.submit(weight_loader, param, loaded_weight, shard_id)
                    )
                    break
                else:
                    for mapping in expert_params_mapping:
                        param_name, weight_name, expert_id, shard_id = mapping
                        if weight_name not in name:
                            continue
                        name = name.replace(weight_name, param_name)
                        param = params_dict[name]
                        weight_loader = param.weight_loader
                        futures.append(
                            executor.submit(
                                weight_loader,
                                param,
                                loaded_weight,
                                name,
                                shard_id=shard_id,
                                expert_id=expert_id,
                            )
                        )
                        break
                    else:
                        # Skip loading extra bias for GPTQ models.
                        if name.endswith(".bias") and name not in params_dict:
                            continue
                        # Skip loading embed_tokens if not first rank in pipeline parallelism
                        if ".embed_tokens." in name and not self.pp_group.is_first_rank:
                            continue
                        # Skip loading norm if not last rank in pipeline parallelism
                        if ".norm." in name and not self.pp_group.is_last_rank:
                            continue
                        if fuse_qkv_a_proj and (
                            "q_a_proj" in name or "kv_a_proj_with_mqa" in name
                        ):
                            cached_a_proj[name] = loaded_weight
                            q_a_proj_name = (
                                name
                                if "q_a_proj" in name
                                else name.replace("kv_a_proj_with_mqa", "q_a_proj")
                            )
                            kv_a_proj_name = (
                                name
                                if "kv_a_proj_with_mqa" in name
                                else name.replace("q_a_proj", "kv_a_proj_with_mqa")
                            )

                            # When both q_a_proj and kv_a_proj_with_mqa has been cached, load the fused weight to parameter
                            if (
                                q_a_proj_name in cached_a_proj
                                and kv_a_proj_name in cached_a_proj
                            ):
                                q_a_proj_weight = cached_a_proj[q_a_proj_name]
                                kv_a_proj_weight = cached_a_proj[kv_a_proj_name]
                                cat_dim = 0
                                if self.quant_config is not None and (
                                    self.quant_config.get_name() == "awq"
                                    or self.quant_config.get_name() == "awq_marlin"
                                    or self.quant_config.get_name() == "moe_wna16"
                                ):
                                    cat_dim = 1
                                fused_weight = torch.cat(
                                    [q_a_proj_weight, kv_a_proj_weight], dim=cat_dim
                                )
                                param_name = (
                                    name.replace(
                                        "q_a_proj", "fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa"
                                    )
                                    if "q_a_proj" in name
                                    else name.replace(
                                        "kv_a_proj_with_mqa",
                                        "fused_qkv_a_proj_with_mqa",
                                    )
                                )
                                param = params_dict[param_name]

                                weight_loader = getattr(
                                    param, "weight_loader", default_weight_loader
                                )
                                futures.append(
                                    executor.submit(weight_loader, param, fused_weight)
                                )
                                cached_a_proj.pop(q_a_proj_name)
                                cached_a_proj.pop(kv_a_proj_name)
                        else:
                            if (
                                "k_scale" in name or "v_scale" in name
                            ) and name not in params_dict:
                                # modelopt attn kv scale is named differently
                                for scale in ["k_scale", "v_scale"]:
                                    if scale in name:
                                        name = name.replace(
                                            f"{scale[0]}_proj", "attn_mqa"
                                        )
                                        break
                            if name not in params_dict:
                                # modelopt ckpt contains not needed weights for MTP module:
                                # model.decoder.self_attn.attn_mqa.v_scale and
                                # model.decoder.self_attn.attn_mqa.k_scale
                                logger.warning(f"{name} not found in params_dict.")
                                continue
                            param = params_dict[name]
                            weight_loader = getattr(
                                param, "weight_loader", default_weight_loader
                            )
                            futures.append(
                                executor.submit(weight_loader, param, loaded_weight)
                            )

            # Wait for all tasks to complete and raise any exceptions.
            for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
                future.result()

        self.post_load_weights(is_nextn=is_nextn, weight_names=weight_names)

    def _quant_attn_to_fp8_ue8m0(self, weights, is_nextn):
        weights_dict = dict(weights)

        # temporarily only support DeepSeek V3/R1
        weight_block_size = [128, 128]

        for layer_id in trange(
            self.config.num_hidden_layers + int(is_nextn),
            desc="quant attn to fp8 ue8m0",
        ):
            for stem in [
                # may put tensors like `o_proj` here for DeepSeek FP4 ckpt v1
                "q_b_proj",
            ]:
                partial_name = f"model.layers.{layer_id}.self_attn.{stem}"
                original_weight = weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight"]
                out_w, out_s = quant_weight_ue8m0(
                    original_weight, weight_block_size=weight_block_size
                )
                weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight"] = out_w
                weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight_scale_inv"] = out_s

        return list(weights_dict.items())

    # TODO avoid code dup
    def _quant_nextn_moe_to_fp8_ue8m0(self, weights, nextn_layer_id: int):
        weights_dict = dict(weights)

        # temporarily only support DeepSeek V3/R1
        weight_block_size = [128, 128]

        for layer_id in [nextn_layer_id]:
            for expert_sub_name in [
                "shared_experts",
                *[
                    f"experts.{expert_id}"
                    for expert_id in range(self.config.n_routed_experts)
                ],
            ]:
                for stem in [
                    "gate_proj",
                    "up_proj",
                    "down_proj",
                ]:
                    partial_name = (
                        f"model.layers.{layer_id}.mlp.{expert_sub_name}.{stem}"
                    )
                    original_weight = weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight"]
                    out_w, out_s = quant_weight_ue8m0(
                        original_weight, weight_block_size=weight_block_size
                    )
                    weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight"] = out_w
                    weights_dict[f"{partial_name}.weight_scale_inv"] = out_s

        return list(weights_dict.items())

    def get_embed_and_head(self):
        return self.model.embed_tokens.weight, self.lm_head.weight

    def set_embed_and_head(self, embed, head):
        del self.model.embed_tokens.weight
        del self.lm_head.weight
        self.model.embed_tokens.weight = embed
        self.lm_head.weight = head
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        torch.cuda.synchronize()

    @classmethod
    def get_model_config_for_expert_location(cls, config):
        return ModelConfigForExpertLocation(
            num_layers=config.num_hidden_layers,
            num_logical_experts=config.n_routed_experts,
            num_groups=config.n_group,
        )


AttentionBackendRegistry.register("ascend", handle_attention_ascend)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("flashinfer", handle_attention_flashinfer)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("fa3", handle_attention_fa3)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("flashmla", handle_attention_flashmla)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("cutlass_mla", handle_attention_cutlass_mla)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("fa4", handle_attention_fa4)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("trtllm_mla", handle_attention_trtllm_mla)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("aiter", handle_attention_aiter)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("nsa", handle_attention_nsa)
AttentionBackendRegistry.register("triton", handle_attention_triton)


class DeepseekV3ForCausalLM(DeepseekV2ForCausalLM):
    pass


class DeepseekV32ForCausalLM(DeepseekV2ForCausalLM):
    pass


EntryClass = [DeepseekV2ForCausalLM, DeepseekV3ForCausalLM, DeepseekV32ForCausalLM]