scheduling_dpmsolver_singlestep.py

# Copyright 2024 TSAIL Team and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# DISCLAIMER: This file is strongly influenced by https://github.com/LuChengTHU/dpm-solver

import math
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch

from ..configuration_utils import ConfigMixin, register_to_config
from ..utils import deprecate, is_scipy_available, logging
from ..utils.torch_utils import randn_tensor
from .scheduling_utils import KarrasDiffusionSchedulers, SchedulerMixin, SchedulerOutput


if is_scipy_available():
    import scipy.stats

logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)  # pylint: disable=invalid-name


# Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.betas_for_alpha_bar
def betas_for_alpha_bar(
    num_diffusion_timesteps,
    max_beta=0.999,
    alpha_transform_type="cosine",
):
    """
    Create a beta schedule that discretizes the given alpha_t_bar function, which defines the cumulative product of
    (1-beta) over time from t = [0,1].

    Contains a function alpha_bar that takes an argument t and transforms it to the cumulative product of (1-beta) up
    to that part of the diffusion process.


    Args:
        num_diffusion_timesteps (`int`): the number of betas to produce.
        max_beta (`float`): the maximum beta to use; use values lower than 1 to
                     prevent singularities.
        alpha_transform_type (`str`, *optional*, default to `cosine`): the type of noise schedule for alpha_bar.
                     Choose from `cosine` or `exp`

    Returns:
        betas (`np.ndarray`): the betas used by the scheduler to step the model outputs
    """
    if alpha_transform_type == "cosine":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.cos((t + 0.008) / 1.008 * math.pi / 2) ** 2

    elif alpha_transform_type == "exp":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.exp(t * -12.0)

    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported alpha_transform_type: {alpha_transform_type}")

    betas = []
    for i in range(num_diffusion_timesteps):
        t1 = i / num_diffusion_timesteps
        t2 = (i + 1) / num_diffusion_timesteps
        betas.append(min(1 - alpha_bar_fn(t2) / alpha_bar_fn(t1), max_beta))
    return torch.tensor(betas, dtype=torch.float32)


class DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler(SchedulerMixin, ConfigMixin):
    """
    `DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler` is a fast dedicated high-order solver for diffusion ODEs.

    This model inherits from [`SchedulerMixin`] and [`ConfigMixin`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic
    methods the library implements for all schedulers such as loading and saving.

    Args:
        num_train_timesteps (`int`, defaults to 1000):
            The number of diffusion steps to train the model.
        beta_start (`float`, defaults to 0.0001):
            The starting `beta` value of inference.
        beta_end (`float`, defaults to 0.02):
            The final `beta` value.
        beta_schedule (`str`, defaults to `"linear"`):
            The beta schedule, a mapping from a beta range to a sequence of betas for stepping the model. Choose from
            `linear`, `scaled_linear`, or `squaredcos_cap_v2`.
        trained_betas (`np.ndarray`, *optional*):
            Pass an array of betas directly to the constructor to bypass `beta_start` and `beta_end`.
        solver_order (`int`, defaults to 2):
            The DPMSolver order which can be `1` or `2` or `3`. It is recommended to use `solver_order=2` for guided
            sampling, and `solver_order=3` for unconditional sampling.
        prediction_type (`str`, defaults to `epsilon`, *optional*):
            Prediction type of the scheduler function; can be `epsilon` (predicts the noise of the diffusion process),
            `sample` (directly predicts the noisy sample`) or `v_prediction` (see section 2.4 of [Imagen
            Video](https://imagen.research.google/video/paper.pdf) paper).
        thresholding (`bool`, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use the "dynamic thresholding" method. This is unsuitable for latent-space diffusion models such
            as Stable Diffusion.
        dynamic_thresholding_ratio (`float`, defaults to 0.995):
            The ratio for the dynamic thresholding method. Valid only when `thresholding=True`.
        sample_max_value (`float`, defaults to 1.0):
            The threshold value for dynamic thresholding. Valid only when `thresholding=True` and
            `algorithm_type="dpmsolver++"`.
        algorithm_type (`str`, defaults to `dpmsolver++`):
            Algorithm type for the solver; can be `dpmsolver` or `dpmsolver++` or `sde-dpmsolver++`. The `dpmsolver`
            type implements the algorithms in the [DPMSolver](https://huggingface.co/papers/2206.00927) paper, and the
            `dpmsolver++` type implements the algorithms in the [DPMSolver++](https://huggingface.co/papers/2211.01095)
            paper. It is recommended to use `dpmsolver++` or `sde-dpmsolver++` with `solver_order=2` for guided
            sampling like in Stable Diffusion.
        solver_type (`str`, defaults to `midpoint`):
            Solver type for the second-order solver; can be `midpoint` or `heun`. The solver type slightly affects the
            sample quality, especially for a small number of steps. It is recommended to use `midpoint` solvers.
        lower_order_final (`bool`, defaults to `True`):
            Whether to use lower-order solvers in the final steps. Only valid for < 15 inference steps. This can
            stabilize the sampling of DPMSolver for steps < 15, especially for steps <= 10.
        use_karras_sigmas (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use Karras sigmas for step sizes in the noise schedule during the sampling process. If `True`,
            the sigmas are determined according to a sequence of noise levels {σi}.
        use_exponential_sigmas (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use exponential sigmas for step sizes in the noise schedule during the sampling process.
        use_beta_sigmas (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use beta sigmas for step sizes in the noise schedule during the sampling process. Refer to [Beta
            Sampling is All You Need](https://huggingface.co/papers/2407.12173) for more information.
        final_sigmas_type (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"zero"`):
            The final `sigma` value for the noise schedule during the sampling process. If `"sigma_min"`, the final
            sigma is the same as the last sigma in the training schedule. If `zero`, the final sigma is set to 0.
        lambda_min_clipped (`float`, defaults to `-inf`):
            Clipping threshold for the minimum value of `lambda(t)` for numerical stability. This is critical for the
            cosine (`squaredcos_cap_v2`) noise schedule.
        variance_type (`str`, *optional*):
            Set to "learned" or "learned_range" for diffusion models that predict variance. If set, the model's output
            contains the predicted Gaussian variance.
    """

    _compatibles = [e.name for e in KarrasDiffusionSchedulers]
    order = 1

    @register_to_config
    def __init__(
        self,
        num_train_timesteps: int = 1000,
        beta_start: float = 0.0001,
        beta_end: float = 0.02,
        beta_schedule: str = "linear",
        trained_betas: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
        solver_order: int = 2,
        prediction_type: str = "epsilon",
        thresholding: bool = False,
        dynamic_thresholding_ratio: float = 0.995,
        sample_max_value: float = 1.0,
        algorithm_type: str = "dpmsolver++",
        solver_type: str = "midpoint",
        lower_order_final: bool = False,
        use_karras_sigmas: Optional[bool] = False,
        use_exponential_sigmas: Optional[bool] = False,
        use_beta_sigmas: Optional[bool] = False,
        final_sigmas_type: Optional[str] = "zero",  # "zero", "sigma_min"
        lambda_min_clipped: float = -float("inf"),
        variance_type: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        if self.config.use_beta_sigmas and not is_scipy_available():
            raise ImportError("Make sure to install scipy if you want to use beta sigmas.")
        if sum([self.config.use_beta_sigmas, self.config.use_exponential_sigmas, self.config.use_karras_sigmas]) > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "Only one of `config.use_beta_sigmas`, `config.use_exponential_sigmas`, `config.use_karras_sigmas` can be used."
            )
        if algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            deprecation_message = "algorithm_type `dpmsolver` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Choose from `dpmsolver++` or `sde-dpmsolver++` instead"
            deprecate("algorithm_types=dpmsolver", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)

        if trained_betas is not None:
            self.betas = torch.tensor(trained_betas, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "linear":
            self.betas = torch.linspace(beta_start, beta_end, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "scaled_linear":
            # this schedule is very specific to the latent diffusion model.
            self.betas = torch.linspace(beta_start**0.5, beta_end**0.5, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32) ** 2
        elif beta_schedule == "squaredcos_cap_v2":
            # Glide cosine schedule
            self.betas = betas_for_alpha_bar(num_train_timesteps)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{beta_schedule} is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        self.alphas = 1.0 - self.betas
        self.alphas_cumprod = torch.cumprod(self.alphas, dim=0)
        # Currently we only support VP-type noise schedule
        self.alpha_t = torch.sqrt(self.alphas_cumprod)
        self.sigma_t = torch.sqrt(1 - self.alphas_cumprod)
        self.lambda_t = torch.log(self.alpha_t) - torch.log(self.sigma_t)
        self.sigmas = ((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5

        # standard deviation of the initial noise distribution
        self.init_noise_sigma = 1.0

        # settings for DPM-Solver
        if algorithm_type not in ["dpmsolver", "dpmsolver++", "sde-dpmsolver++"]:
            if algorithm_type == "deis":
                self.register_to_config(algorithm_type="dpmsolver++")
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError(f"{algorithm_type} is not implemented for {self.__class__}")
        if solver_type not in ["midpoint", "heun"]:
            if solver_type in ["logrho", "bh1", "bh2"]:
                self.register_to_config(solver_type="midpoint")
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError(f"{solver_type} is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        if algorithm_type not in ["dpmsolver++", "sde-dpmsolver++"] and final_sigmas_type == "zero":
            raise ValueError(
                f"`final_sigmas_type` {final_sigmas_type} is not supported for `algorithm_type` {algorithm_type}. Please chooose `sigma_min` instead."
            )

        # setable values
        self.num_inference_steps = None
        timesteps = np.linspace(0, num_train_timesteps - 1, num_train_timesteps, dtype=np.float32)[::-1].copy()
        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps)
        self.model_outputs = [None] * solver_order
        self.sample = None
        self.order_list = self.get_order_list(num_train_timesteps)
        self._step_index = None
        self._begin_index = None
        self.sigmas = self.sigmas.to("cpu")  # to avoid too much CPU/GPU communication

    def get_order_list(self, num_inference_steps: int) -> List[int]:
        """
        Computes the solver order at each time step.

        Args:
            num_inference_steps (`int`):
                The number of diffusion steps used when generating samples with a pre-trained model.
        """
        steps = num_inference_steps
        order = self.config.solver_order
        if order > 3:
            raise ValueError("Order > 3 is not supported by this scheduler")
        if self.config.lower_order_final:
            if order == 3:
                if steps % 3 == 0:
                    orders = [1, 2, 3] * (steps // 3 - 1) + [1, 2] + [1]
                elif steps % 3 == 1:
                    orders = [1, 2, 3] * (steps // 3) + [1]
                else:
                    orders = [1, 2, 3] * (steps // 3) + [1, 2]
            elif order == 2:
                if steps % 2 == 0:
                    orders = [1, 2] * (steps // 2 - 1) + [1, 1]
                else:
                    orders = [1, 2] * (steps // 2) + [1]
            elif order == 1:
                orders = [1] * steps
        else:
            if order == 3:
                orders = [1, 2, 3] * (steps // 3)
            elif order == 2:
                orders = [1, 2] * (steps // 2)
            elif order == 1:
                orders = [1] * steps
        return orders

    @property
    def step_index(self):
        """
        The index counter for current timestep. It will increase 1 after each scheduler step.
        """
        return self._step_index

    @property
    def begin_index(self):
        """
        The index for the first timestep. It should be set from pipeline with `set_begin_index` method.
        """
        return self._begin_index

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep.DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.set_begin_index
    def set_begin_index(self, begin_index: int = 0):
        """
        Sets the begin index for the scheduler. This function should be run from pipeline before the inference.

        Args:
            begin_index (`int`):
                The begin index for the scheduler.
        """
        self._begin_index = begin_index

    def set_timesteps(
        self,
        num_inference_steps: int = None,
        device: Union[str, torch.device] = None,
        timesteps: Optional[List[int]] = None,
    ):
        """
        Sets the discrete timesteps used for the diffusion chain (to be run before inference).

        Args:
            num_inference_steps (`int`):
                The number of diffusion steps used when generating samples with a pre-trained model.
            device (`str` or `torch.device`, *optional*):
                The device to which the timesteps should be moved to. If `None`, the timesteps are not moved.
            timesteps (`List[int]`, *optional*):
                Custom timesteps used to support arbitrary spacing between timesteps. If `None`, then the default
                timestep spacing strategy of equal spacing between timesteps schedule is used. If `timesteps` is
                passed, `num_inference_steps` must be `None`.
        """
        if num_inference_steps is None and timesteps is None:
            raise ValueError("Must pass exactly one of  `num_inference_steps` or `timesteps`.")
        if num_inference_steps is not None and timesteps is not None:
            raise ValueError("Must pass exactly one of  `num_inference_steps` or `timesteps`.")
        if timesteps is not None and self.config.use_karras_sigmas:
            raise ValueError("Cannot use `timesteps` when `config.use_karras_sigmas=True`.")
        if timesteps is not None and self.config.use_exponential_sigmas:
            raise ValueError("Cannot set `timesteps` with `config.use_exponential_sigmas = True`.")
        if timesteps is not None and self.config.use_beta_sigmas:
            raise ValueError("Cannot set `timesteps` with `config.use_beta_sigmas = True`.")

        num_inference_steps = num_inference_steps or len(timesteps)
        self.num_inference_steps = num_inference_steps

        if timesteps is not None:
            timesteps = np.array(timesteps).astype(np.int64)
        else:
            # Clipping the minimum of all lambda(t) for numerical stability.
            # This is critical for cosine (squaredcos_cap_v2) noise schedule.
            clipped_idx = torch.searchsorted(torch.flip(self.lambda_t, [0]), self.config.lambda_min_clipped)
            timesteps = (
                np.linspace(0, self.config.num_train_timesteps - 1 - clipped_idx, num_inference_steps + 1)
                .round()[::-1][:-1]
                .copy()
                .astype(np.int64)
            )

        sigmas = np.array(((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5)
        if self.config.use_karras_sigmas:
            log_sigmas = np.log(sigmas)
            sigmas = np.flip(sigmas).copy()
            sigmas = self._convert_to_karras(in_sigmas=sigmas, num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps)
            timesteps = np.array([self._sigma_to_t(sigma, log_sigmas) for sigma in sigmas]).round()
        elif self.config.use_exponential_sigmas:
            sigmas = self._convert_to_exponential(in_sigmas=sigmas, num_inference_steps=self.num_inference_steps)
            timesteps = np.array([self._sigma_to_t(sigma, log_sigmas) for sigma in sigmas])
        elif self.config.use_beta_sigmas:
            sigmas = self._convert_to_beta(in_sigmas=sigmas, num_inference_steps=self.num_inference_steps)
            timesteps = np.array([self._sigma_to_t(sigma, log_sigmas) for sigma in sigmas])
        else:
            sigmas = np.interp(timesteps, np.arange(0, len(sigmas)), sigmas)

        if self.config.final_sigmas_type == "sigma_min":
            sigma_last = ((1 - self.alphas_cumprod[0]) / self.alphas_cumprod[0]) ** 0.5
        elif self.config.final_sigmas_type == "zero":
            sigma_last = 0
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f" `final_sigmas_type` must be one of `sigma_min` or `zero`, but got {self.config.final_sigmas_type}"
            )
        sigmas = np.concatenate([sigmas, [sigma_last]]).astype(np.float32)

        self.sigmas = torch.from_numpy(sigmas).to(device=device)

        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps).to(device=device, dtype=torch.int64)
        self.model_outputs = [None] * self.config.solver_order
        self.sample = None

        if not self.config.lower_order_final and num_inference_steps % self.config.solver_order != 0:
            logger.warning(
                "Changing scheduler {self.config} to have `lower_order_final` set to True to handle uneven amount of inference steps. Please make sure to always use an even number of `num_inference steps when using `lower_order_final=False`."
            )
            self.register_to_config(lower_order_final=True)

        if not self.config.lower_order_final and self.config.final_sigmas_type == "zero":
            logger.warning(
                " `last_sigmas_type='zero'` is not supported for `lower_order_final=False`. Changing scheduler {self.config} to have `lower_order_final` set to True."
            )
            self.register_to_config(lower_order_final=True)

        self.order_list = self.get_order_list(num_inference_steps)

        # add an index counter for schedulers that allow duplicated timesteps
        self._step_index = None
        self._begin_index = None
        self.sigmas = self.sigmas.to("cpu")  # to avoid too much CPU/GPU communication

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.DDPMScheduler._threshold_sample
    def _threshold_sample(self, sample: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        "Dynamic thresholding: At each sampling step we set s to a certain percentile absolute pixel value in xt0 (the
        prediction of x_0 at timestep t), and if s > 1, then we threshold xt0 to the range [-s, s] and then divide by
        s. Dynamic thresholding pushes saturated pixels (those near -1 and 1) inwards, thereby actively preventing
        pixels from saturation at each step. We find that dynamic thresholding results in significantly better
        photorealism as well as better image-text alignment, especially when using very large guidance weights."

        https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11487
        """
        dtype = sample.dtype
        batch_size, channels, *remaining_dims = sample.shape

        if dtype not in (torch.float32, torch.float64):
            sample = sample.float()  # upcast for quantile calculation, and clamp not implemented for cpu half

        # Flatten sample for doing quantile calculation along each image
        sample = sample.reshape(batch_size, channels * np.prod(remaining_dims))

        abs_sample = sample.abs()  # "a certain percentile absolute pixel value"

        s = torch.quantile(abs_sample, self.config.dynamic_thresholding_ratio, dim=1)
        s = torch.clamp(
            s, min=1, max=self.config.sample_max_value
        )  # When clamped to min=1, equivalent to standard clipping to [-1, 1]
        s = s.unsqueeze(1)  # (batch_size, 1) because clamp will broadcast along dim=0
        sample = torch.clamp(sample, -s, s) / s  # "we threshold xt0 to the range [-s, s] and then divide by s"

        sample = sample.reshape(batch_size, channels, *remaining_dims)
        sample = sample.to(dtype)

        return sample

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler._sigma_to_t
    def _sigma_to_t(self, sigma, log_sigmas):
        # get log sigma
        log_sigma = np.log(np.maximum(sigma, 1e-10))

        # get distribution
        dists = log_sigma - log_sigmas[:, np.newaxis]

        # get sigmas range
        low_idx = np.cumsum((dists >= 0), axis=0).argmax(axis=0).clip(max=log_sigmas.shape[0] - 2)
        high_idx = low_idx + 1

        low = log_sigmas[low_idx]
        high = log_sigmas[high_idx]

        # interpolate sigmas
        w = (low - log_sigma) / (low - high)
        w = np.clip(w, 0, 1)

        # transform interpolation to time range
        t = (1 - w) * low_idx + w * high_idx
        t = t.reshape(sigma.shape)
        return t

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep.DPMSolverMultistepScheduler._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t
    def _sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(self, sigma):
        alpha_t = 1 / ((sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5)
        sigma_t = sigma * alpha_t

        return alpha_t, sigma_t

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler._convert_to_karras
    def _convert_to_karras(self, in_sigmas: torch.Tensor, num_inference_steps) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Constructs the noise schedule of Karras et al. (2022)."""

        # Hack to make sure that other schedulers which copy this function don't break
        # TODO: Add this logic to the other schedulers
        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_min"):
            sigma_min = self.config.sigma_min
        else:
            sigma_min = None

        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_max"):
            sigma_max = self.config.sigma_max
        else:
            sigma_max = None

        sigma_min = sigma_min if sigma_min is not None else in_sigmas[-1].item()
        sigma_max = sigma_max if sigma_max is not None else in_sigmas[0].item()

        rho = 7.0  # 7.0 is the value used in the paper
        ramp = np.linspace(0, 1, num_inference_steps)
        min_inv_rho = sigma_min ** (1 / rho)
        max_inv_rho = sigma_max ** (1 / rho)
        sigmas = (max_inv_rho + ramp * (min_inv_rho - max_inv_rho)) ** rho
        return sigmas

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler._convert_to_exponential
    def _convert_to_exponential(self, in_sigmas: torch.Tensor, num_inference_steps: int) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Constructs an exponential noise schedule."""

        # Hack to make sure that other schedulers which copy this function don't break
        # TODO: Add this logic to the other schedulers
        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_min"):
            sigma_min = self.config.sigma_min
        else:
            sigma_min = None

        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_max"):
            sigma_max = self.config.sigma_max
        else:
            sigma_max = None

        sigma_min = sigma_min if sigma_min is not None else in_sigmas[-1].item()
        sigma_max = sigma_max if sigma_max is not None else in_sigmas[0].item()

        sigmas = torch.linspace(math.log(sigma_max), math.log(sigma_min), num_inference_steps).exp()
        return sigmas

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler._convert_to_beta
    def _convert_to_beta(
        self, in_sigmas: torch.Tensor, num_inference_steps: int, alpha: float = 0.6, beta: float = 0.6
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """From "Beta Sampling is All You Need" [arXiv:2407.12173] (Lee et. al, 2024)"""

        # Hack to make sure that other schedulers which copy this function don't break
        # TODO: Add this logic to the other schedulers
        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_min"):
            sigma_min = self.config.sigma_min
        else:
            sigma_min = None

        if hasattr(self.config, "sigma_max"):
            sigma_max = self.config.sigma_max
        else:
            sigma_max = None

        sigma_min = sigma_min if sigma_min is not None else in_sigmas[-1].item()
        sigma_max = sigma_max if sigma_max is not None else in_sigmas[0].item()

        sigmas = torch.Tensor(
            [
                sigma_min + (ppf * (sigma_max - sigma_min))
                for ppf in [
                    scipy.stats.beta.ppf(timestep, alpha, beta)
                    for timestep in 1 - np.linspace(0, 1, num_inference_steps)
                ]
            ]
        )
        return sigmas

    def convert_model_output(
        self,
        model_output: torch.Tensor,
        *args,
        sample: torch.Tensor = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Convert the model output to the corresponding type the DPMSolver/DPMSolver++ algorithm needs. DPM-Solver is
        designed to discretize an integral of the noise prediction model, and DPM-Solver++ is designed to discretize an
        integral of the data prediction model.

        <Tip>

        The algorithm and model type are decoupled. You can use either DPMSolver or DPMSolver++ for both noise
        prediction and data prediction models.

        </Tip>

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.Tensor`):
                The direct output from the learned diffusion model.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The converted model output.
        """
        timestep = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else kwargs.pop("timestep", None)
        if sample is None:
            if len(args) > 1:
                sample = args[1]
            else:
                raise ValueError("missing `sample` as a required keyward argument")
        if timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "timesteps",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `timesteps` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )
        # DPM-Solver++ needs to solve an integral of the data prediction model.
        if self.config.algorithm_type in ["dpmsolver++", "sde-dpmsolver++"]:
            if self.config.prediction_type == "epsilon":
                # DPM-Solver and DPM-Solver++ only need the "mean" output.
                if self.config.variance_type in ["learned", "learned_range"]:
                    model_output = model_output[:, :3]
                sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma)
                x0_pred = (sample - sigma_t * model_output) / alpha_t
            elif self.config.prediction_type == "sample":
                x0_pred = model_output
            elif self.config.prediction_type == "v_prediction":
                sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma)
                x0_pred = alpha_t * sample - sigma_t * model_output
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"prediction_type given as {self.config.prediction_type} must be one of `epsilon`, `sample`, or"
                    " `v_prediction` for the DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler."
                )

            if self.config.thresholding:
                x0_pred = self._threshold_sample(x0_pred)

            return x0_pred

        # DPM-Solver needs to solve an integral of the noise prediction model.
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            if self.config.prediction_type == "epsilon":
                # DPM-Solver and DPM-Solver++ only need the "mean" output.
                if self.config.variance_type in ["learned", "learned_range"]:
                    epsilon = model_output[:, :3]
                else:
                    epsilon = model_output
            elif self.config.prediction_type == "sample":
                sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma)
                epsilon = (sample - alpha_t * model_output) / sigma_t
            elif self.config.prediction_type == "v_prediction":
                sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma)
                epsilon = alpha_t * model_output + sigma_t * sample
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"prediction_type given as {self.config.prediction_type} must be one of `epsilon`, `sample`, or"
                    " `v_prediction` for the DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler."
                )

            if self.config.thresholding:
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self.alpha_t[timestep], self.sigma_t[timestep]
                x0_pred = (sample - sigma_t * epsilon) / alpha_t
                x0_pred = self._threshold_sample(x0_pred)
                epsilon = (sample - alpha_t * x0_pred) / sigma_t

            return epsilon

    def dpm_solver_first_order_update(
        self,
        model_output: torch.Tensor,
        *args,
        sample: torch.Tensor = None,
        noise: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        One step for the first-order DPMSolver (equivalent to DDIM).

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.Tensor`):
                The direct output from the learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`int`):
                The current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`):
                The previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        timestep = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else kwargs.pop("timestep", None)
        prev_timestep = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else kwargs.pop("prev_timestep", None)
        if sample is None:
            if len(args) > 2:
                sample = args[2]
            else:
                raise ValueError(" missing `sample` as a required keyward argument")
        if timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "timesteps",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `timesteps` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        if prev_timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "prev_timestep",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `prev_timestep` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )
        sigma_t, sigma_s = self.sigmas[self.step_index + 1], self.sigmas[self.step_index]
        alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_t)
        alpha_s, sigma_s = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s)
        lambda_t = torch.log(alpha_t) - torch.log(sigma_t)
        lambda_s = torch.log(alpha_s) - torch.log(sigma_s)
        h = lambda_t - lambda_s
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            x_t = (sigma_t / sigma_s) * sample - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * model_output
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            x_t = (alpha_t / alpha_s) * sample - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * model_output
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "sde-dpmsolver++":
            assert noise is not None
            x_t = (
                (sigma_t / sigma_s * torch.exp(-h)) * sample
                + (alpha_t * (1 - torch.exp(-2.0 * h))) * model_output
                + sigma_t * torch.sqrt(1.0 - torch.exp(-2 * h)) * noise
            )
        return x_t

    def singlestep_dpm_solver_second_order_update(
        self,
        model_output_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        *args,
        sample: torch.Tensor = None,
        noise: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        One step for the second-order singlestep DPMSolver that computes the solution at time `prev_timestep` from the
        time `timestep_list[-2]`.

        Args:
            model_output_list (`List[torch.Tensor]`):
                The direct outputs from learned diffusion model at current and latter timesteps.
            timestep (`int`):
                The current and latter discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`):
                The previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        timestep_list = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else kwargs.pop("timestep_list", None)
        prev_timestep = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else kwargs.pop("prev_timestep", None)
        if sample is None:
            if len(args) > 2:
                sample = args[2]
            else:
                raise ValueError(" missing `sample` as a required keyward argument")
        if timestep_list is not None:
            deprecate(
                "timestep_list",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `timestep_list` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        if prev_timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "prev_timestep",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `prev_timestep` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )
        sigma_t, sigma_s0, sigma_s1 = (
            self.sigmas[self.step_index + 1],
            self.sigmas[self.step_index],
            self.sigmas[self.step_index - 1],
        )

        alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_t)
        alpha_s0, sigma_s0 = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s0)
        alpha_s1, sigma_s1 = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s1)

        lambda_t = torch.log(alpha_t) - torch.log(sigma_t)
        lambda_s0 = torch.log(alpha_s0) - torch.log(sigma_s0)
        lambda_s1 = torch.log(alpha_s1) - torch.log(sigma_s1)

        m0, m1 = model_output_list[-1], model_output_list[-2]

        h, h_0 = lambda_t - lambda_s1, lambda_s0 - lambda_s1
        r0 = h_0 / h
        D0, D1 = m1, (1.0 / r0) * (m0 - m1)
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01095 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s1) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - 0.5 * (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s1) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    + (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0) / h + 1.0)) * D1
                )
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s1) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - 0.5 * (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s1) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0) / h - 1.0)) * D1
                )
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "sde-dpmsolver++":
            assert noise is not None
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s1 * torch.exp(-h)) * sample
                    + (alpha_t * (1 - torch.exp(-2.0 * h))) * D0
                    + 0.5 * (alpha_t * (1 - torch.exp(-2.0 * h))) * D1
                    + sigma_t * torch.sqrt(1.0 - torch.exp(-2 * h)) * noise
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s1 * torch.exp(-h)) * sample
                    + (alpha_t * (1 - torch.exp(-2.0 * h))) * D0
                    + (alpha_t * ((1.0 - torch.exp(-2.0 * h)) / (-2.0 * h) + 1.0)) * D1
                    + sigma_t * torch.sqrt(1.0 - torch.exp(-2 * h)) * noise
                )
        return x_t

    def singlestep_dpm_solver_third_order_update(
        self,
        model_output_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        *args,
        sample: torch.Tensor = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        One step for the third-order singlestep DPMSolver that computes the solution at time `prev_timestep` from the
        time `timestep_list[-3]`.

        Args:
            model_output_list (`List[torch.Tensor]`):
                The direct outputs from learned diffusion model at current and latter timesteps.
            timestep (`int`):
                The current and latter discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`):
                The previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """

        timestep_list = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else kwargs.pop("timestep_list", None)
        prev_timestep = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else kwargs.pop("prev_timestep", None)
        if sample is None:
            if len(args) > 2:
                sample = args[2]
            else:
                raise ValueError(" missing`sample` as a required keyward argument")
        if timestep_list is not None:
            deprecate(
                "timestep_list",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `timestep_list` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        if prev_timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "prev_timestep",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `prev_timestep` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        sigma_t, sigma_s0, sigma_s1, sigma_s2 = (
            self.sigmas[self.step_index + 1],
            self.sigmas[self.step_index],
            self.sigmas[self.step_index - 1],
            self.sigmas[self.step_index - 2],
        )

        alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_t)
        alpha_s0, sigma_s0 = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s0)
        alpha_s1, sigma_s1 = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s1)
        alpha_s2, sigma_s2 = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma_s2)

        lambda_t = torch.log(alpha_t) - torch.log(sigma_t)
        lambda_s0 = torch.log(alpha_s0) - torch.log(sigma_s0)
        lambda_s1 = torch.log(alpha_s1) - torch.log(sigma_s1)
        lambda_s2 = torch.log(alpha_s2) - torch.log(sigma_s2)

        m0, m1, m2 = model_output_list[-1], model_output_list[-2], model_output_list[-3]

        h, h_0, h_1 = lambda_t - lambda_s2, lambda_s0 - lambda_s2, lambda_s1 - lambda_s2
        r0, r1 = h_0 / h, h_1 / h
        D0 = m2
        D1_0, D1_1 = (1.0 / r1) * (m1 - m2), (1.0 / r0) * (m0 - m2)
        D1 = (r0 * D1_0 - r1 * D1_1) / (r0 - r1)
        D2 = 2.0 * (D1_1 - D1_0) / (r0 - r1)
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s2) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    + (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0) / h + 1.0)) * D1_1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s2) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    + (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0) / h + 1.0)) * D1
                    - (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0 + h) / h**2 - 0.5)) * D2
                )
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s2) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0) / h - 1.0)) * D1_1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s2) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0) / h - 1.0)) * D1
                    - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0 - h) / h**2 - 0.5)) * D2
                )
        return x_t

    def singlestep_dpm_solver_update(
        self,
        model_output_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        *args,
        sample: torch.Tensor = None,
        order: int = None,
        noise: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        One step for the singlestep DPMSolver.

        Args:
            model_output_list (`List[torch.Tensor]`):
                The direct outputs from learned diffusion model at current and latter timesteps.
            timestep (`int`):
                The current and latter discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`):
                The previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by diffusion process.
            order (`int`):
                The solver order at this step.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        timestep_list = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else kwargs.pop("timestep_list", None)
        prev_timestep = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else kwargs.pop("prev_timestep", None)
        if sample is None:
            if len(args) > 2:
                sample = args[2]
            else:
                raise ValueError(" missing`sample` as a required keyward argument")
        if order is None:
            if len(args) > 3:
                order = args[3]
            else:
                raise ValueError(" missing `order` as a required keyward argument")
        if timestep_list is not None:
            deprecate(
                "timestep_list",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `timestep_list` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        if prev_timestep is not None:
            deprecate(
                "prev_timestep",
                "1.0.0",
                "Passing `prev_timestep` is deprecated and has no effect as model output conversion is now handled via an internal counter `self.step_index`",
            )

        if order == 1:
            return self.dpm_solver_first_order_update(model_output_list[-1], sample=sample, noise=noise)
        elif order == 2:
            return self.singlestep_dpm_solver_second_order_update(model_output_list, sample=sample, noise=noise)
        elif order == 3:
            return self.singlestep_dpm_solver_third_order_update(model_output_list, sample=sample)
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Order must be 1, 2, 3, got {order}")

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep.DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.index_for_timestep
    def index_for_timestep(self, timestep, schedule_timesteps=None):
        if schedule_timesteps is None:
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps

        index_candidates = (schedule_timesteps == timestep).nonzero()

        if len(index_candidates) == 0:
            step_index = len(self.timesteps) - 1
        # The sigma index that is taken for the **very** first `step`
        # is always the second index (or the last index if there is only 1)
        # This way we can ensure we don't accidentally skip a sigma in
        # case we start in the middle of the denoising schedule (e.g. for image-to-image)
        elif len(index_candidates) > 1:
            step_index = index_candidates[1].item()
        else:
            step_index = index_candidates[0].item()

        return step_index

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep.DPMSolverMultistepScheduler._init_step_index
    def _init_step_index(self, timestep):
        """
        Initialize the step_index counter for the scheduler.
        """

        if self.begin_index is None:
            if isinstance(timestep, torch.Tensor):
                timestep = timestep.to(self.timesteps.device)
            self._step_index = self.index_for_timestep(timestep)
        else:
            self._step_index = self._begin_index

    def step(
        self,
        model_output: torch.Tensor,
        timestep: Union[int, torch.Tensor],
        sample: torch.Tensor,
        generator=None,
        return_dict: bool = True,
    ) -> Union[SchedulerOutput, Tuple]:
        """
        Predict the sample from the previous timestep by reversing the SDE. This function propagates the sample with
        the singlestep DPMSolver.

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.Tensor`):
                The direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`int`):
                The current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.
            return_dict (`bool`):
                Whether or not to return a [`~schedulers.scheduling_utils.SchedulerOutput`] or `tuple`.

        Returns:
            [`~schedulers.scheduling_utils.SchedulerOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is `True`, [`~schedulers.scheduling_utils.SchedulerOutput`] is returned, otherwise a
                tuple is returned where the first element is the sample tensor.

        """
        if self.num_inference_steps is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Number of inference steps is 'None', you need to run 'set_timesteps' after creating the scheduler"
            )

        if self.step_index is None:
            self._init_step_index(timestep)

        model_output = self.convert_model_output(model_output, sample=sample)
        for i in range(self.config.solver_order - 1):
            self.model_outputs[i] = self.model_outputs[i + 1]
        self.model_outputs[-1] = model_output

        if self.config.algorithm_type == "sde-dpmsolver++":
            noise = randn_tensor(
                model_output.shape, generator=generator, device=model_output.device, dtype=model_output.dtype
            )
        else:
            noise = None

        order = self.order_list[self.step_index]

        #  For img2img denoising might start with order>1 which is not possible
        #  In this case make sure that the first two steps are both order=1
        while self.model_outputs[-order] is None:
            order -= 1

        # For single-step solvers, we use the initial value at each time with order = 1.
        if order == 1:
            self.sample = sample

        prev_sample = self.singlestep_dpm_solver_update(
            self.model_outputs, sample=self.sample, order=order, noise=noise
        )

        # upon completion increase step index by one, noise=noise
        self._step_index += 1

        if not return_dict:
            return (prev_sample,)

        return SchedulerOutput(prev_sample=prev_sample)

    def scale_model_input(self, sample: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Ensures interchangeability with schedulers that need to scale the denoising model input depending on the
        current timestep.

        Args:
            sample (`torch.Tensor`):
                The input sample.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                A scaled input sample.
        """
        return sample

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep.DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.add_noise
    def add_noise(
        self,
        original_samples: torch.Tensor,
        noise: torch.Tensor,
        timesteps: torch.IntTensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        # Make sure sigmas and timesteps have the same device and dtype as original_samples
        sigmas = self.sigmas.to(device=original_samples.device, dtype=original_samples.dtype)
        if original_samples.device.type == "mps" and torch.is_floating_point(timesteps):
            # mps does not support float64
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
        else:
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device)

        # begin_index is None when the scheduler is used for training or pipeline does not implement set_begin_index
        if self.begin_index is None:
            step_indices = [self.index_for_timestep(t, schedule_timesteps) for t in timesteps]
        elif self.step_index is not None:
            # add_noise is called after first denoising step (for inpainting)
            step_indices = [self.step_index] * timesteps.shape[0]
        else:
            # add noise is called before first denoising step to create initial latent(img2img)
            step_indices = [self.begin_index] * timesteps.shape[0]

        sigma = sigmas[step_indices].flatten()
        while len(sigma.shape) < len(original_samples.shape):
            sigma = sigma.unsqueeze(-1)

        alpha_t, sigma_t = self._sigma_to_alpha_sigma_t(sigma)
        noisy_samples = alpha_t * original_samples + sigma_t * noise
        return noisy_samples

    def __len__(self):
        return self.config.num_train_timesteps