transformer.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright (c) 2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Transformer."""

import math

import torch
try:
    from apex.normalization.fused_layer_norm import FusedLayerNorm as LayerNorm
    # Try to use FusedLayerNorm from Apex - this will trigger an error.
    _ = FusedLayerNorm(8, eps=1e-5)

except Exception as e:
    print('WARNING: APEX is not available, using torch.nn.LayerNorm instead of apex.normalization.FusedLayerNorm!')
    from torch.nn import LayerNorm

from megatron import get_args
from megatron import mpu
from megatron.module import MegatronModule


""" We use the following notation throughout this file:
     h: hidden size
     n: number of attention heads
     p: number of model parallel partitions
     np: n/p
     hp: h/p
     hn: h/n
     b: batch size
     s: sequence length
     l: number of layers
    Transformer takes input of size [b, s, h] and returns a
    tensor of the same size. We use the following arguments:
        hyperparameters: transformer hyperparameters
        attention_mask_func: a function that takes `unmaksed-attention-scores`
            with size [b, np, s, s] and an `attention-mask` and will apply
            the masking. The function should return a masked score of the
            same size [b, np, s, s].
               masked-attention-scores = attention_mask_func(
                                     unmaksed-attention-scores, attention-mask)
"""


class ParallelMLP(MegatronModule):
    """MLP.

    MLP will take the input with h hidden state, project it to 4*h
    hidden dimension, perform nonlinear transformation, and project the
    state back into h hidden dimension. At the end, dropout is also
    applied.
    """

    def __init__(self, mlp_activation_func, init_method,
                 output_layer_init_method):
        super(ParallelMLP, self).__init__()
        args = get_args()

        # Project to 4h.
        self.dense_h_to_4h = mpu.ColumnParallelLinear(
            args.hidden_size,
            4 * args.hidden_size,
            gather_output=False,
            init_method=init_method)

        self.activation_func = mlp_activation_func

        # Project back to h.
        self.dense_4h_to_h = mpu.RowParallelLinear(
            4 * args.hidden_size,
            args.hidden_size,
            input_is_parallel=True,
            init_method=output_layer_init_method)

        self.dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(args.hidden_dropout)

    def forward(self, hidden_states):

        # [b, s, 4hp]
        intermediate_parallel = self.dense_h_to_4h(hidden_states)
        intermediate_parallel = self.activation_func(intermediate_parallel)

        # [b, s, h]
        output = self.dense_4h_to_h(intermediate_parallel)
        output = self.dropout(output)
        return output


class ParallelSelfAttention(MegatronModule):
    """Parallel self-attention layer abstract class.

    Self-attention layer takes input with size [b, s, h]
    and returns output of the same size.
    """

    def __init__(self, attention_mask_func, init_method,
                 output_layer_init_method, layer_number):
        super(ParallelSelfAttention, self).__init__()
        args = get_args()
        self.fp16 = args.fp16

        self.attention_mask_func = attention_mask_func
        self.apply_query_key_layer_scaling = args.apply_query_key_layer_scaling
        self.attention_softmax_in_fp32 = args.attention_softmax_in_fp32
        if self.apply_query_key_layer_scaling:
            self.attention_softmax_in_fp32 = True
        self.layer_number = max(1, layer_number)

        # Per attention head and per partition values.
        world_size = mpu.get_model_parallel_world_size()
        self.hidden_size_per_partition = mpu.divide(args.hidden_size,
                                                    world_size)
        self.hidden_size_per_attention_head = mpu.divide(
            args.hidden_size, args.num_attention_heads)
        self.num_attention_heads_per_partition = mpu.divide(
            args.num_attention_heads, world_size)

        # Strided linear layer.
        self.query_key_value = mpu.ColumnParallelLinear(
            args.hidden_size,
            3 * args.hidden_size,
            stride=3,
            gather_output=False,
            init_method=init_method)

        # Dropout. Note that for a single iteration, this layer will generate
        # different outputs on different number of parallel partitions but
        # on average it should not be partition dependent.
        self.attention_dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(args.attention_dropout)

        # Output.
        self.dense = mpu.RowParallelLinear(
            args.hidden_size,
            args.hidden_size,
            input_is_parallel=True,
            init_method=output_layer_init_method)
        self.output_dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(args.hidden_dropout)

    def _transpose_for_scores(self, tensor):
        """Transpose a 3D tensor [b, s, np*hn] into a 4D tensor with
        size [b, np, s, hn].
        """
        new_tensor_shape = tensor.size()[:-1] + \
            (self.num_attention_heads_per_partition,
             self.hidden_size_per_attention_head)
        tensor = tensor.view(*new_tensor_shape)
        return tensor.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)

    def _get_query_key_value(self, hidden_states):
        """Get query, key, and value and transpose to
        get size [b, np, s, hn].
        """
        # Attention heads. [b, s, hp]
        mixed_x_layer = self.query_key_value(hidden_states)
        (mixed_query_layer,
         mixed_key_layer,
         mixed_value_layer) = mpu.split_tensor_along_last_dim(mixed_x_layer, 3)

        # Reshape and transpose [b, np, s, hn]
        query_layer = self._transpose_for_scores(mixed_query_layer)
        key_layer = self._transpose_for_scores(mixed_key_layer)
        value_layer = self._transpose_for_scores(mixed_value_layer)

        return query_layer, key_layer, value_layer

    def _get_unmasked_attention_scores(self, query_layer, key_layer):
        """Unmasked attention scores with size [b, np, s, s]."""
        coeff = 1
        if self.apply_query_key_layer_scaling:
            coeff = self.layer_number
        norm_factor = math.sqrt(coeff *
                                math.sqrt(self.hidden_size_per_attention_head))
        # Raw attention scores. [b, np, s, s]
        return torch.matmul(query_layer / norm_factor,
                            key_layer.transpose(-1, -2) / norm_factor)

    def _get_attention_probs(self, attention_scores):
        """Attention probabilies with dropout. The output has
        the size [b, np, s, s].
        """
        # Attention probabilities. [b, np, s, s]
        if self.apply_query_key_layer_scaling:
            attention_scores = attention_scores * self.layer_number
        attention_probs = torch.nn.Softmax(dim=-1)(attention_scores)
        # This is actually dropping out entire tokens to attend to, which might
        # seem a bit unusual, but is taken from the original Transformer paper.
        with mpu.get_cuda_rng_tracker().fork():
            attention_probs = self.attention_dropout(attention_probs)

        return attention_probs

    def _get_attended_context(self, attention_probs, value_layer):
        """Final attended tesnor and transposed back to [b, s, hp]."""
        # Context layer.
        # [b, np, s, hn]
        context_layer = torch.matmul(attention_probs, value_layer)
        # [b, s, np, hn]
        context_layer = context_layer.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
        new_context_layer_shape = context_layer.size()[:-2] + \
            (self.hidden_size_per_partition,)
        # [b, s, hp]
        context_layer = context_layer.view(*new_context_layer_shape)

        return context_layer

    def _get_output(self, context_layer):
        """Output layer with dropout."""
        # Output. [b, s, h]
        output = self.dense(context_layer)
        output = self.output_dropout(output)

        return output

    def forward(self, hidden_states, attention_mask, layer_past=None,
                get_key_value=False):
        # hidden_states: [b, s, h]

        # Attention heads. [b, np, s, hn]
        query_layer, key_layer, value_layer = self._get_query_key_value(
            hidden_states)

        if layer_past is not None:
            past_key, past_value = layer_past
            key_layer = torch.cat((past_key.type_as(key_layer),
                                   key_layer), dim=-2)
            value_layer = torch.cat((past_value.type_as(value_layer),
                                     value_layer), dim=-2)
        if get_key_value:
            present = (key_layer, value_layer)

        # Raw attention scores. [b, np, s, s]
        attention_scores = self._get_unmasked_attention_scores(
            query_layer, key_layer)

        # fp32 conversion.
        if self.fp16 and self.attention_softmax_in_fp32:
            attention_scores = attention_scores.float()

        # Apply attention mask. [b, np, s, s]
        if get_key_value:
            with torch.no_grad():
                if layer_past is not None:
                    attention_mask = attention_mask[
                        ...,
                        attention_scores.size(3) - 1,
                        :attention_scores.size(3)].unsqueeze(2)
                else:
                    attention_mask = attention_mask[
                        ...,
                        :attention_scores.size(3),
                        :attention_scores.size(3)]
        attention_scores = self.attention_mask_func(attention_scores,
                                                    attention_mask)

        # Attention probabilities. [b, np, s, s]
        attention_probs = self._get_attention_probs(attention_scores)

        # fp16 conversion
        if self.fp16 and self.attention_softmax_in_fp32:
            attention_probs = attention_probs.half()

        # Context layer. [b, s, hp]
        context_layer = self._get_attended_context(attention_probs, value_layer)

        # Output. [b, s, h]
        output = self._get_output(context_layer)

        if get_key_value:
            output = [output, present]

        return output


class ParallelTransformerLayer(MegatronModule):
    """A single transformer layer.

    Transformore layer takes input with size [b, s, h] and returns an
    output of the same size.
    """

    def __init__(self, attention_mask_func, mlp_activation_func,
                 init_method, output_layer_init_method, layer_number):
        args = get_args()

        super(ParallelTransformerLayer, self).__init__()
        self.layer_number = layer_number

        self.apply_residual_connection_post_layernorm \
            = args.apply_residual_connection_post_layernorm

        # Layernorm on the input data.
        self.input_layernorm = LayerNorm(
            args.hidden_size,
            eps=args.layernorm_epsilon)

        # Self attention.
        self.attention = ParallelSelfAttention(attention_mask_func, init_method,
                                               output_layer_init_method,
                                               layer_number)

        # Layernorm on the input data.
        self.post_attention_layernorm = LayerNorm(
            args.hidden_size,
            eps=args.layernorm_epsilon)

        # MLP
        self.mlp = ParallelMLP(mlp_activation_func, init_method,
                               output_layer_init_method)

    def forward(self, hidden_states, attention_mask, layer_past=None,
                get_key_value=False):
        # hidden_states: [b, s, h]

        # Layer norm at the begining of the transformer layer.
        layernorm_output = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states)
        # Self attention.
        attention_output = self.attention(layernorm_output,
                                          attention_mask,
                                          layer_past=layer_past,
                                          get_key_value=get_key_value)
        if get_key_value:
            attention_output, presents = attention_output

        # Residual connection.
        if self.apply_residual_connection_post_layernorm:
            layernorm_input = layernorm_output + attention_output
        else:
            layernorm_input = hidden_states + attention_output
        # Layer norm post the self attention.
        layernorm_output = self.post_attention_layernorm(layernorm_input)

        # MLP.
        mlp_output = self.mlp(layernorm_output)
        # Second residual connection.
        if self.apply_residual_connection_post_layernorm:
            output = layernorm_output + mlp_output
        else:
            output = layernorm_input + mlp_output

        if get_key_value:
            output = [output, presents]

        return output


class ParallelTransformer(MegatronModule):
    """Transformer class."""

    def __init__(self, attention_mask_func, mlp_activation_func,
                 init_method, output_layer_init_method):
        super(ParallelTransformer, self).__init__()
        args = get_args()

        # Store activation checkpoiting flag.
        self.checkpoint_activations = args.checkpoint_activations
        self.checkpoint_num_layers = args.checkpoint_num_layers

        # Number of layers:
        self.num_layers = args.num_layers
        self.num_unique_layers = args.num_unique_layers
        if self.num_unique_layers is None:
            self.num_unique_layers = self.num_layers
        assert self.num_layers % self.num_unique_layers == 0, \
            'number of layers should be divisible by number of unique layers'
        self.param_sharing_style = args.param_sharing_style

        # Transformer layers.
        def build_layer(layer_number):
            return ParallelTransformerLayer(
                attention_mask_func, mlp_activation_func,
                init_method, output_layer_init_method, layer_number)
        self.layers = torch.nn.ModuleList(
            [build_layer(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_unique_layers)])

        # Print layer ordering.
        if self.num_layers != self.num_unique_layers:
            if torch.distributed.get_rank() == 0:
                print('> will be using the following layer ordering:')
                for i in range(self.num_layers):
                    print('   layer id: {:3d} --> unique layer id: '
                          '{:3d}'.format(i, self._get_layer_index(i)),
                          flush=True)

        # Final layer norm before output.
        self.final_layernorm = LayerNorm(
            args.hidden_size,
            eps=args.layernorm_epsilon)

    def _get_layer_index(self, layer_number):
        if self.param_sharing_style == 'grouped':
            return layer_number % self.num_unique_layers
        if self.param_sharing_style == 'spaced':
            return layer_number // (self.num_layers // self.num_unique_layers) 
        assert False, 'should not be here'

    def _get_layer(self, layer_number):
        return self.layers[self._get_layer_index(layer_number)]

    def _checkpointed_forward(self, hidden_states, attention_mask):
        """Forward method with activation checkpointing."""
        def custom(start, end):
            def custom_forward(*inputs):
                x_ = inputs[0]
                for index in range(start, end):
                    layer = self._get_layer(index)
                    x_ = layer(x_, inputs[1])
                return x_
            return custom_forward

        l = 0
        while l < self.num_layers:
            hidden_states = mpu.checkpoint(
                custom(l, l + self.checkpoint_num_layers),
                hidden_states, attention_mask)
            l += self.checkpoint_num_layers

        return hidden_states

    def forward(self, hidden_states, attention_mask, layer_past=None,
                get_key_value=False):

        # Checks
        if layer_past is not None:
            assert get_key_value, \
                'for not None values in layer_past, ' \
                'expected get_key_value to be set'
        if get_key_value:
            assert not self.checkpoint_activations, \
                'get_key_value does not work with ' \
                'activation checkpointing'

        if self.checkpoint_activations:
            hidden_states = self._checkpointed_forward(hidden_states,
                                                       attention_mask)
        else:
            if get_key_value:
                presents = []
            for index in range(self.num_layers):
                layer = self._get_layer(index)
                past = None
                if layer_past is not None:
                    past = layer_past[index]
                hidden_states = layer(hidden_states,
                                      attention_mask,
                                      layer_past=past,
                                      get_key_value=get_key_value)
                if get_key_value:
                    hidden_states, present = hidden_states
                    presents.append(present)

        # Final layer norm.
        output = self.final_layernorm(hidden_states)
        if get_key_value:
            output = [output, presents]

        return output