program.cpp

/*
 * The MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#include <migraphx/version.h>
#include <migraphx/compile_options.hpp>
#include <migraphx/program.hpp>
#include <migraphx/stringutils.hpp>
#include <migraphx/instruction.hpp>
#include <migraphx/op/identity.hpp>
#include <migraphx/target.hpp>
#include <migraphx/env.hpp>
#include <migraphx/ranges.hpp>
#include <migraphx/time.hpp>
#include <migraphx/pass_manager.hpp>
#include <migraphx/register_target.hpp>
#include <migraphx/iterator_for.hpp>
#include <migraphx/iterator.hpp>
#include <migraphx/algorithm.hpp>
#include <migraphx/output_iterator.hpp>
#include <migraphx/make_op.hpp>
#include <migraphx/marker.hpp>
#include <migraphx/supported_segments.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <map>
#include <cassert>

namespace migraphx {
inline namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS {

using milliseconds = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>;

struct mark_instruction_target
{
    std::size_t target_id = 0;
    std::string name() const { return "mark_instruction_target"; }
    void apply(module& m) const
    {
        for(auto& ins : m)
            ins.set_target_id(target_id);
    }
};

struct program_impl
{
    // A map is used to keep references to modules of the program
    std::unordered_map<std::string, module> modules;
    std::vector<context> contexts;
    std::vector<target> targets;
};

program::program() : impl(std::make_unique<program_impl>()) { this->create_module("main"); }

program::program(program&&) noexcept = default;
program::~program() noexcept         = default;

// copy constructor
program::program(const program& p) { assign(p); }

// copy assignment operator
program& program::operator=(program p)
{
    std::swap(p.impl, this->impl);
    return *this;
}

void program::assign(const program& p)
{
    if(not impl)
    {
        impl = std::make_unique<program_impl>();
    }

    *impl = *p.impl;

    // build a map from old ins to new ins
    // Build a map from old module to new module
    std::unordered_map<module_ref, module_ref> mod_map;
    std::transform(
        impl->modules.begin(),
        impl->modules.end(),
        std::inserter(mod_map, mod_map.begin()),
        [&](auto&& xp) { return std::make_pair(&p.impl->modules.at(xp.first), &xp.second); });

    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, instruction_ref> ins_map;
    for(auto&& pp : mod_map)
    {
        auto old_ins = iterator_for(*pp.first);
        auto new_ins = iterator_for(*pp.second);
        std::transform(old_ins.begin(),
                       old_ins.end(),
                       new_ins.begin(),
                       std::inserter(ins_map, ins_map.begin()),
                       [](auto x, auto y) { return std::make_pair(x, y); });
    }

    // Update all references from all modules
    for(auto&& mp : impl->modules)
    {
        for(auto ins : iterator_for(mp.second))
            instruction::replace_refs(ins, ins_map, mod_map);
    }
}

shape program::get_parameter_shape(std::string name) const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->get_parameter_shape(std::move(name));
}

std::vector<std::string> program::get_parameter_names() const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->get_parameter_names();
}

instruction_ref program::get_parameter(std::string name) const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->get_parameter(std::move(name));
}

std::unordered_map<std::string, shape> program::get_parameter_shapes() const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->get_parameter_shapes();
}

std::size_t program::size() const { return impl->modules.size(); }

std::vector<shape> program::get_output_shapes() const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->get_output_shapes();
}

context& program::get_context() const
{
    assert(impl->contexts.size() == 1);
    return impl->contexts.front();
}

instruction_ref program::validate() const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    return mm->validate();
}

/*
Assigns each instruction inside program to a target.
It does it by first finding subgraphs supported on a given target based on assignment options.
It is possible that instructions have multiple target assignments and part of multiple subgraphs.
Current logic is simple and assigns entire subgraph containing supported instruction to a particular
target on first seen basis and doesn't find the "best" target assignment.
Assumes that all relevant (compute and reshaper) instructions will have target_assignment after
this.
*/
target_assignments program::get_target_assignments(const std::vector<target>& targets,
                                                   assignment_options options)
{
    const auto metric = options.metric;

    target_assignments tass;

    const auto* mm = get_main_module();
    std::vector<std::pair<std::size_t, supported_segments>> target_subgraphs;
    target_subgraphs.reserve(targets.size());
    auto tr = range(targets.size());
    std::transform(tr.begin(), tr.end(), std::back_inserter(target_subgraphs), [&](auto tid) {
        return std::make_pair(tid, targets[tid].find_supported(mm, metric));
    });

    for(const auto ins : iterator_for(*mm))
    {
        if(contains(tass, ins))
            continue;

        for(const auto& [tid, subgraph] : target_subgraphs)
        {
            // can't pass a structured binding into lambda in C++17 so create a variable for it
            const auto& t = tid;
            for(const auto& segment : subgraph)
            {
                const auto& instructions = segment.instructions;
                if(contains(instructions, ins))
                    std::transform(instructions.begin(),
                                   instructions.end(),
                                   std::inserter(tass, tass.end()),
                                   [&](auto instr) { return std::make_pair(instr, t); });
            }
        }
    }

    return tass;
}

bool program::is_compiled() const { return not this->impl->contexts.empty(); }

void program::compile(const std::vector<target>& targets, std::vector<compile_options> compile_opts)
{
    // Gather all the target roots
    std::unordered_multimap<std::size_t, module_ref> roots;
    auto mods = this->get_modules();
    for(const auto* mod : mods)
    {
        for(const auto& ins : *mod)
        {
            if(ins.name() != "run_on_target")
                continue;
            auto v                     = ins.get_operator().to_value();
            module_ref root            = ins.module_inputs().front();
            std::size_t root_target_id = v.at("target_id").to<std::size_t>();
            assert(root_target_id < targets.size());
            roots.insert({root_target_id, root});
        }
    }

    auto trace = tracer{};
    // TODO: Add tracer based on compile options
    if(enabled(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_COMPILE{}))
        trace = tracer{std::cout};

    trace(*this);
    trace();
    // It is assumed that all instructions outside of any root module would run on "ref" target
    // Ref target may or may not be passed as one of the target for the "compile()".
    // If it is not passed, Create one and add context of it into the map.
    auto target_idx = [&](const std::string& t_name) {
        return static_cast<std::size_t>(
            std::find_if(
                targets.begin(), targets.end(), [&](const auto& t) { return t.name() == t_name; }) -
            targets.begin());
    };

    std::size_t ref_target_id = target_idx("ref");
    if(ref_target_id == targets.size())
    {
        this->impl->contexts.resize(targets.size() + 1);
        this->impl->contexts[ref_target_id] = migraphx::make_target("ref").get_context();
        // users could pass lessers compile_ops than targets, in that case use default compile_opts
        compile_opts.resize(targets.size() + 1, migraphx::compile_options{});
    }
    else
    {
        this->impl->contexts.resize(targets.size());
        compile_opts.resize(targets.size(), migraphx::compile_options{});
    }
    // mark all the instruction as ref target first, later change target_id based on root-target
    run_passes(*this, {mark_instruction_target{ref_target_id}});

    // Run passes on each root target
    for(const auto i : range(targets.size()))
    {
        const auto& root_target              = targets.at(i);
        auto root_target_id                  = i;
        auto root_modules_range              = roots.equal_range(root_target_id);
        this->impl->contexts[root_target_id] = root_target.get_context();
        for(const auto& [id, current_mod] : range(root_modules_range))
        {
            auto passes = root_target.get_passes(this->impl->contexts[root_target_id],
                                                 compile_opts[root_target_id]);
            passes.push_back(mark_instruction_target{static_cast<size_t>(root_target_id)});
            run_passes(*this, current_mod, passes, trace);

            auto invalid = current_mod->validate();
            if(invalid != current_mod->end())
            {
                MIGRAPHX_THROW("Invalid module " + current_mod->name() +
                               " from compilation at instruction " +
                               std::to_string(std::distance(current_mod->begin(), invalid)));
            }
            auto dangling = current_mod->find_dangling_reference();
            if(dangling != current_mod->end())
            {
                auto index = std::distance(current_mod->begin(), dangling);
                MIGRAPHX_THROW("Dangling reference in module " + current_mod->name() +
                               " from instruction " + std::to_string(index));
            }
        }
    }
    this->finalize();
}

void program::compile(const target& t, compile_options options)
{
    // todo: combine with multi-target compile method
    assert(not this->is_compiled());
    this->impl->targets  = {t};
    this->impl->contexts = {t.get_context()};

    if(enabled(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_COMPILE{}))
        options.trace = tracer{std::cout};

    options.trace(*this);
    options.trace();
    auto&& passes = t.get_passes(this->impl->contexts.front(), options);
    run_passes(*this, passes, options.trace);
    auto mods = this->get_modules();
    // Validate and finalize
    for(const auto& mod : reverse(mods))
    {
        auto invalid = mod->validate();
        if(invalid != mod->end())
        {
            MIGRAPHX_THROW("Invalid module " + mod->name() + " from compilation at instruction " +
                           std::to_string(std::distance(mod->begin(), invalid)));
        }
        auto dangling = mod->find_dangling_reference();
        if(dangling != mod->end())
        {
            auto index = std::distance(mod->begin(), dangling);
            MIGRAPHX_THROW("Dangling reference in module " + mod->name() + " from instruction " +
                           std::to_string(index));
        }
        mod->finalize(this->impl->contexts);
    }
}

void program::finalize()
{
    auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    mm->finalize(this->impl->contexts);
}

template <class T>
std::string classify(T x)
{
    switch(std::fpclassify(x))
    {
    case FP_INFINITE: return "inf";
    case FP_NAN: return "nan";
    case FP_NORMAL: return "normal";
    case FP_SUBNORMAL: return "subnormal";
    case FP_ZERO: return "zero";
    default: return "unknown";
    }
}

void print_statistics(std::ostream& os, const argument& a)
{
    a.visit(
        [&](auto t) {
            os << "Min value: " << *std::min_element(t.begin(), t.end()) << ", ";
            os << "Max value: " << *std::max_element(t.begin(), t.end()) << ", ";
            double num_elements = t.size();
            auto mean           = std::accumulate(t.begin(), t.end(), 0.0) / num_elements;
            auto stddev         = std::sqrt(
                std::accumulate(t.begin(),
                                t.end(),
                                0.0,
                                [&](auto r, auto v) { return r + std::pow((v - mean), 2.0); }) /
                num_elements);
            os << "Mean: " << mean << ", ";
            os << "StdDev: " << stddev << "\n";
        },
        [&](const auto& xs) {
            for(const auto& x : xs)
            {
                print_statistics(os, x);
            }
        });
}

std::unordered_set<std::string> classify_argument(const argument& a)
{
    std::unordered_set<std::string> result;
    a.visit(
        [&](auto t) {
            for(const auto& x : t)
                result.insert(classify(x));
        },
        [&](const auto& xs) {
            for(const auto& x : xs)
            {
                auto r = classify_argument(x);
                result.insert(r.begin(), r.end());
            }
        });
    return result;
}

void preview_argument(std::ostream& os, const argument& a)
{
    a.visit(
        [&](auto t) {
            if(t.size() <= 10)
            {
                os << t;
            }
            else
            {
                os << to_string_range(t.begin(), t.begin() + 5);
                os << ", ..., ";
                os << to_string_range(t.end() - 5, t.end());
            }
        },
        [&](const auto& xs) {
            for(const auto& x : xs)
            {
                os << '{';
                preview_argument(os, x);
                os << '}';
            }
        });
}

template <class F>
std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const module* mod,
                                   std::vector<context>& ctx,
                                   std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params,
                                   std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, argument> results,
                                   F trace)
{
    assert(mod->validate() == mod->end());
    results.reserve(mod->size() * 2);
    std::vector<argument> values;
    values.reserve(16);
    for(auto ins : iterator_for(*mod))
    {
        assert(results.find(ins) == results.end());
        const auto& name = ins->name();
        if(name == "@literal")
        {
            results.emplace(ins, trace(ins, [&] { return ins->get_literal().get_argument(); }));
        }
        else if(name == "@param")
        {
            results.emplace(
                ins, trace(ins, [&] {
                    auto param_name = any_cast<builtin::param>(ins->get_operator()).parameter;
                    if(not contains(params, param_name))
                        MIGRAPHX_THROW("Parameter not found: " + param_name);
                    auto param = params[param_name];
                    // TODO: may want to check correct number of dimensions and/or was within bounds
                    if(not ins->get_shape().any_of_dynamic() and
                       param.get_shape() != ins->get_shape())
                    {
                        MIGRAPHX_THROW("Incorrect shape {" + to_string(param.get_shape()) +
                                       "} for parameter: " + param_name +
                                       " should be: " + to_string(ins->get_shape()));
                    }
                    return param;
                }));
        }
        else if(name == "@outline")
        {
            results.emplace(ins, trace(ins, [&] { return argument{ins->get_shape(), nullptr}; }));
        }
        else if(name == "@return")
        {
            std::vector<argument> prog_outputs;
            std::transform(ins->inputs().begin(),
                           ins->inputs().end(),
                           std::back_inserter(prog_outputs),
                           [&](instruction_ref i) {
                               assert(results.find(i) != results.end());
                               return results[i];
                           });

            return prog_outputs;
        }
        else
        {
            values.resize(ins->inputs().size());
            std::transform(
                ins->inputs().begin(), ins->inputs().end(), values.begin(), [&](instruction_ref i) {
                    assert(results.find(i) != results.end());
                    return results[i];
                });
            const auto& mod_args = ins->module_inputs();
            auto module_eval     = [&](module_ref smod,
                                   const std::unordered_map<std::string, argument>& inputs) {
                return generic_eval(smod, ctx, inputs, results, trace);
            };

            results.emplace(
                ins, trace(ins, [&] {
                    auto op = ins->normalized_operator();
                    if(op.is_context_free())
                        return op.compute(ins->get_shape(), values, mod_args, module_eval);
                    if(ins->get_target_id() >= ctx.size())
                        MIGRAPHX_THROW("No context available for " + op.name());
                    return op.compute(
                        ctx[ins->get_target_id()], ins->get_shape(), values, mod_args, module_eval);
                }));
        }
        assert(results.find(ins) != results.end());
        if(not ins->get_shape().any_of_dynamic())
        {
            assert(results.at(ins).get_shape() == ins->get_shape());
        }
    }
    return {results.at(std::prev(mod->end()))};
}

template <class F>
std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const program& p,
                                   std::vector<context>& ctx,
                                   std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params,
                                   F trace)
{
    const module* mm = p.get_main_module();
    return generic_eval(mm, ctx, params, {}, trace);
}

std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment exec_env) const
{
    auto& contexts = this->impl->contexts;

    auto trace_level = value_of(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_EVAL{});
    std::vector<argument> ret;

    if(exec_env.async)
    {
        assert(contexts.size() == 1);
        contexts.front().wait_for(exec_env.queue);
    }

    if(trace_level > 0)
    {
        std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> ins_out;
        // get instruction names
        this->print([&](auto x, auto ins_names) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            instruction::print(ss, x, ins_names);
            ins_out[x] = ss.str();
        });
        ret = generic_eval(*this, contexts, std::move(params), [&](instruction_ref ins, auto f) {
            const auto& ctx = contexts[ins->get_target_id()];
            ctx.finish();
            std::cout << "Run instruction: " << ins_out.at(ins) << std::endl;
            timer t{};
            auto result = f();
            double t1   = t.record<milliseconds>();
            ctx.finish();
            double t2 = t.record<milliseconds>();
            std::cout << "Time: " << t1 << "ms, " << t2 << "ms" << std::endl;
            if(trace_level > 1 and ins->name().front() != '@' and ins->name() != "load" and
               not result.empty())
            {
                migraphx::argument buffer;
                try
                {
                    const target& tgt = this->impl->targets.at(ins->get_target_id());
                    buffer            = tgt.copy_from(result);
                }
                catch(const migraphx::exception&)
                {
                    // instruction was run on host then no need to copy buffer from target
                    buffer = result;
                }
                catch(...)
                {
                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("MIGraphX program execution with MIGRAPHX_TRACE_EVAL failed.\n");
                }
                if(trace_level == 2)
                {
                    std::cout << "Output has " << to_string_range(classify_argument(buffer))
                              << std::endl;
                    std::cout << "Output: ";
                    preview_argument(std::cout, buffer);
                    std::cout << std::endl;
                    print_statistics(std::cout, buffer);
                }
                else
                {
                    std::cout << "Output: " << buffer << std::endl;
                }
            }
            return result;
        });
    }
    else
    {
        ret = generic_eval(*this, contexts, std::move(params), [&](auto&&, auto f) { return f(); });
    }

    if(exec_env.async)
    {
        assert(contexts.size() == 1);
        contexts.front().finish_on(exec_env.queue);
    }

    return ret;
}

void program::finish() const
{
    for(const auto& ctx : this->impl->contexts)
        ctx.finish();
}

std::string get_migraphx_version()
{
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << std::to_string(MIGRAPHX_VERSION_MAJOR) << "." << std::to_string(MIGRAPHX_VERSION_MINOR)
       << "." << std::to_string(MIGRAPHX_VERSION_PATCH);
    return ss.str();
}

/*
program file version is for the data structure or format of the MXR file. Version should be bumped
if any changes occur to the format of the MXR file.
*/
const int program_file_version = 6;

value program::to_value() const
{
    value result;
    result["version"]          = program_file_version;
    result["migraphx_version"] = get_migraphx_version();
    result["targets"]          = migraphx::to_value(this->impl->targets);
    result["contexts"]         = migraphx::to_value(this->impl->contexts);
    value module_vals          = value::object{};
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    for(auto& mod : this->get_modules())
    {
        value mod_val;
        value nodes;
        mod_val["name"] = mod->name();
        names           = mod->print(
            [&](auto ins, auto ins_names) {
                value node;
                node["output"]     = ins_names.at(ins);
                node["name"]       = ins->name();
                node["shape"]      = migraphx::to_value(ins->get_shape());
                node["normalized"] = ins->is_normalized();
                if(ins->name() == "@literal")
                    node["literal"] = migraphx::to_value(ins->get_literal());
                node["operator"] = ins->get_operator().to_value();
                std::vector<std::string> inputs;
                std::transform(ins->inputs().begin(),
                               ins->inputs().end(),
                               std::back_inserter(inputs),
                               [&](auto i) {
                                   assert(contains(ins_names, i));
                                   return ins_names.at(i);
                               });
                node["inputs"]   = inputs;
                auto module_args = ins->module_inputs();
                if(not module_args.empty())
                {
                    std::vector<std::string> module_inputs;
                    std::transform(module_args.begin(),
                                   module_args.end(),
                                   std::back_inserter(module_inputs),
                                   [&](auto mod_ref) { return mod_ref->name(); });
                    node["module_inputs"] = module_inputs;
                }

                nodes.push_back(node);
            },
            names);
        mod_val["nodes"] = nodes;

        module_vals[mod->name()] = mod_val;
    }

    result["modules"] = module_vals;

    return result;
}

static void mod_from_val(module_ref mod,
                         const value& v,
                         std::unordered_map<std::string, instruction_ref>& instructions,
                         const std::unordered_map<std::string, module_ref>& map_mods)
{
    const auto& module_val = v.at(mod->name());
    for(const value& node : module_val.at("nodes"))
    {
        instruction_ref output;
        auto name       = node.at("name").to<std::string>();
        auto fields     = node.at("operator");
        auto normalized = node.at("normalized").to<bool>();

        if(name == "@param")
        {
            output = mod->insert_parameter(mod->end(),
                                           fields["parameter"].to<std::string>(),
                                           migraphx::from_value<shape>(node.at("shape")));
        }
        else if(name == "@literal")
        {
            output =
                mod->insert_literal(mod->end(), migraphx::from_value<literal>(node.at("literal")));
        }
        else
        {
            auto op = make_op(name, fields);
            std::vector<instruction_ref> inputs;
            std::transform(node.at("inputs").begin(),
                           node.at("inputs").end(),
                           std::back_inserter(inputs),
                           [&](const value& i) {
                               auto i_name = i.to<std::string>();
                               assert(contains(instructions, i_name));
                               return instructions.at(i_name);
                           });

            std::vector<module_ref> module_inputs;
            if(node.contains("module_inputs"))
            {
                std::transform(node.at("module_inputs").begin(),
                               node.at("module_inputs").end(),
                               std::back_inserter(module_inputs),
                               [&](const value& i) { return map_mods.at(i.to<std::string>()); });

                for(const auto& smod : module_inputs)
                {
                    mod_from_val(smod, v, instructions, map_mods);
                }
            }

            if(name == "@return")
            {
                output = mod->add_return(inputs);
            }
            else if(module_inputs.empty())
            {
                output = mod->insert_instruction(mod->end(), op, inputs);
            }
            else
            {
                output = mod->insert_instruction(mod->end(), op, inputs, module_inputs);
            }
        }
        output->set_normalized(normalized);
        instructions[node.at("output").to<std::string>()] = output;
    }
}

void program::from_value(const value& v)
{
    auto version = v.at("version").to<int>();
    if(version != program_file_version)
    {
        MIGRAPHX_THROW(
            "Error: Program version mismatch. MXR file was created using program file version: " +
            std::to_string(version) + ", while installed MIGraphX is using program file version: " +
            std::to_string(program_file_version) +
            ", Try regenerating MXR file using installed MIGraphX and running again.");
    }

    auto migx_version = v.at("migraphx_version").to<std::string>();
    if(migx_version != get_migraphx_version())
    {
        std::cout << "WARNING: MXR File was created using MIGraphX version: " << migx_version
                  << ", while installed MIGraphX is at version: " << get_migraphx_version()
                  << ", operators implementation could be mismatched.";
    }

    migraphx::from_value(v.at("targets"), this->impl->targets);

    for(auto i : range(this->impl->targets.size()))
    {
        this->impl->contexts.push_back(this->impl->targets[i].get_context());
        this->impl->contexts.back().from_value(v.at("contexts")[i]);
    }

    auto module_vals = v.at("modules");
    for(const auto& vv : module_vals)
    {
        const auto& name = vv.get_key();
        if(name == "main")
            continue;
        impl->modules.emplace(name, name);
    }
    std::unordered_map<std::string, module_ref> map_mods;
    std::transform(impl->modules.begin(),
                   impl->modules.end(),
                   std::inserter(map_mods, map_mods.end()),
                   [&](auto&& pp) { return std::make_pair(pp.first, &pp.second); });

    std::unordered_map<std::string, instruction_ref> map_insts;
    auto* mm = get_main_module();
    mod_from_val(mm, module_vals, map_insts, map_mods);

    // Finalize a compiled model
    if(not this->impl->contexts.empty())
        this->finalize();
}

double common_average(const std::vector<double>& v)
{
    std::size_t n = v.size() / 4;
    double total  = std::accumulate(v.begin() + n, v.end() - n, 0.0);
    return total / std::distance(v.begin() + n, v.end() - n);
}

std::string perf_group(const operation& op)
{
    auto attr = op.attributes();
    if(attr.contains("group"))
        return attr.at("group").to<std::string>();
    return op.name();
}

void program::mark(const parameter_map& params, marker&& m)
{
    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
    // Run once by itself
    eval(params);
    this->finish();
    // Start marking
    m.mark_start(*this);
    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto f) {
        argument result;
        m.mark_start(ins);
        result = f();
        m.mark_stop(ins);
        return result;
    });
    m.mark_stop(*this);
}

void program::perf_report(std::ostream& os,
                          std::size_t n,
                          parameter_map params,
                          std::size_t batch) const
{
    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
    // Run once by itself
    eval(params);
    this->finish();
    // Run and time entire program
    std::vector<double> total_vec;
    total_vec.reserve(n);
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        total_vec.push_back(time<milliseconds>([&] {
            eval(params);
            this->finish();
        }));
    }
    std::sort(total_vec.begin(), total_vec.end());
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::vector<double>> ins_vec;
    // Fill the map
    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto) {
        ins_vec[ins].reserve(n);
        return argument{ins->get_shape(), nullptr};
    });

    // Run and time each instruction
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto f) {
            argument result;
            ins_vec[ins].push_back(time<milliseconds>([&] {
                result = f();
                this->impl->contexts[ins->get_target_id()].finish();
            }));
            return result;
        });
    }
    for(auto&& p : ins_vec)
        std::sort(p.second.begin(), p.second.end());
    // Run and time implicit overhead
    std::vector<double> overhead_vec;
    overhead_vec.reserve(n);
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        overhead_vec.push_back(time<milliseconds>([&] { dry_run(params); }));
    }

    double total_time             = common_average(total_vec);
    double rate                   = 1000.0 / total_time;
    double overhead_time          = common_average(overhead_vec);
    double overhead_percent       = overhead_time * 100.0 / total_time;
    double total_instruction_time = 0.0;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, double> op_times;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::size_t> op_n;
    for(auto&& p : ins_vec)
    {
        double avg = common_average(p.second);
        op_times[perf_group(p.first->get_operator())] += avg;
        total_instruction_time += avg;
        op_n[perf_group(p.first->get_operator())]++;
    }
    double calculate_overhead_time    = total_time - total_instruction_time;
    double calculate_overhead_percent = calculate_overhead_time * 100.0 / total_time;

    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    this->print(names, [&](auto ins, auto ins_names) {
        instruction::print(std::cout, ins, ins_names);

        // skip return instruction
        if(ins->name() == "@return")
            return;

        double avg     = common_average(ins_vec[ins]);
        double percent = std::ceil(100.0 * avg / total_instruction_time);
        os << ": " << avg << "ms, " << percent << "%";
        os << std::endl;
    });

    os << std::endl;
    os << "Summary:" << std::endl;
    std::vector<std::tuple<double, std::size_t, std::string>> op_times_sorted;
    std::transform(
        op_times.begin(), op_times.end(), std::back_inserter(op_times_sorted), [&](auto p) {
            auto&& name = p.first;
            return std::make_tuple(p.second, op_n.at(name), name);
        });
    std::sort(op_times_sorted.begin(), op_times_sorted.end(), std::greater<>{});
    for(auto&& [avg, nn, name] : op_times_sorted)
    {
        double percent = std::ceil(100.0 * avg / total_instruction_time);
        double per_ins = avg / nn;
        os << name << ": " << avg << "ms / " << nn << " = " << per_ins << "ms, " << percent << "%"
           << std::endl;
    }

    os << std::endl;

    os << "Batch size: " << batch << std::endl;
    os << "Rate: " << rate * batch << "/sec" << std::endl;
    os << "Total time: " << total_time << "ms" << std::endl;
    os << "Total instructions time: " << total_instruction_time << "ms" << std::endl;
    os << "Overhead time: " << overhead_time << "ms"
       << ", " << calculate_overhead_time << "ms" << std::endl;
    os << "Overhead: " << std::round(overhead_percent) << "%"
       << ", " << std::round(calculate_overhead_percent) << "%" << std::endl;
}

void program::debug_print() const { std::cout << *this << std::endl; }
void program::debug_print(instruction_ref ins) const
{
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    if(std::any_of(this->impl->modules.begin(), this->impl->modules.end(), [&](const auto& pp) {
           return is_end(pp.second.end(), ins);
       }))
    {
        std::cout << "End instruction" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    else if(std::none_of(this->impl->modules.begin(),
                         this->impl->modules.end(),
                         [&](const auto& pp) { return pp.second.has_instruction(ins); }))
    {
        std::cout << "Instruction not part of program" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    std::stringstream ss;
    this->print(names, [&](auto x, auto ins_names) {
        if(x == ins)
        {
            instruction::print(std::cout, x, ins_names);
            std::cout << std::endl;
        }
    });
}

void program::print(
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string>& names,
    const std::function<void(instruction_ref, std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string>)>&
        print_func) const
{
    for(const auto& pp : this->impl->modules)
    {
        names = pp.second.print(print_func, names);
    }
}

void program::print(
    const std::function<void(instruction_ref ins,
                             std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string>)>& print_func) const
{
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    this->print(names, print_func);
}

void program::print_graph(std::ostream& os, bool brief) const
{
    const auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
    mm->print_graph(os, brief);
}

void program::print_py(std::ostream& os) const
{
    auto vec_modules = this->get_modules();
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    os << "p = migraphx.program()\n";
    for(auto& mod : vec_modules)
    {
        std::string var_name = "m";
        if(mod->name() != "main")
            var_name += mod->name();
        os << var_name << " = ";
        if(mod->name() == "main")
            os << "p.get_main_module()";
        else
            os << "p.create_module(\"" << mod->name() << "\");";
        os << std::endl;
        names = mod->print_py(os, var_name, names);
        os << std::endl;
    }
}

void program::print_cpp(std::ostream& os) const
{
    auto vec_modules = this->get_modules();
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    os << "migraphx::program p;\n";
    for(auto& mod : vec_modules)
    {
        std::string var_name = "m" + mod->name();
        os << "migraphx::module_ref " << var_name << " = ";
        if(mod->name() == "main")
            os << "p.get_main_module();";
        else
            os << "p.create_module(\"" << mod->name() << "\");";
        os << std::endl;
        names = mod->print_cpp(os, var_name, names);
        os << std::endl;
    }
}

void program::dry_run(std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params) const
{
    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
    generic_eval(*this, ctx, std::move(params), [](auto ins, auto&&...) {
        return argument{ins->get_shape(), nullptr};
    });
}

void program::annotate(std::ostream& os, const std::function<void(instruction_ref)>& a) const
{
    for(auto& pp : this->impl->modules)
    {
        std::cout << pp.first << ":" << std::endl;
        pp.second.annotate(os, a);
    }
}

const module* program::get_module(const std::string& name) const { return &impl->modules.at(name); }

module* program::create_module(const std::string& name)
{
    assert(not contains(impl->modules, name));
    auto r = impl->modules.emplace(name, name);
    return &(r.first->second);
}

module* program::get_module(const std::string& name) { return &impl->modules.at(name); }

module* program::get_main_module() { return get_module("main"); }

const module* program::get_main_module() const { return get_module("main"); }

template <class T>
std::vector<T*> generic_get_modules(T* mm)
{
    std::vector<T*> vec_modules;
    vec_modules.push_back(mm);
    auto sub_modules = mm->get_sub_modules();
    vec_modules.insert(vec_modules.end(), sub_modules.begin(), sub_modules.end());
    return vec_modules;
}

template <class Map, class T, class OutputIterator>
void generic_get_unused_modules(Map& m, const std::vector<T*>& mods, OutputIterator out)
{
    std::unordered_set<std::string> used;
    std::transform(mods.begin(), mods.end(), std::inserter(used, used.end()), [](auto&& mod) {
        return mod->name();
    });
    transform_if(
        m.begin(),
        m.end(),
        out,
        [&](auto&& pp) { return not contains(used, pp.first); },
        [](auto&& pp) { return &pp.second; });
}

std::vector<const module*> program::get_modules() const
{
    auto result = generic_get_modules(this->get_main_module());
    generic_get_unused_modules(impl->modules, result, std::back_inserter(result));
    return result;
}

std::vector<module*> program::get_modules()
{
    auto result = generic_get_modules(this->get_main_module());
    generic_get_unused_modules(impl->modules, result, std::back_inserter(result));
    return result;
}

template <class Module, class Map>
void generic_insert_module_tree(Module* pm, Map& m)
{
    for(auto* sm : pm->get_sub_modules(true))
    {
        m.insert(std::make_pair(sm, pm));
        generic_insert_module_tree(sm, m);
    }
}

std::unordered_multimap<module_ref, module_ref> program::get_module_tree()
{
    std::unordered_multimap<module_ref, module_ref> result;
    generic_insert_module_tree(this->get_main_module(), result);
    return result;
}

template <class Map, class T>
bool is_unused_module(Map& m, const std::vector<T*>& mods, const std::string& name)
{
    bool is_unused = false;
    generic_get_unused_modules(m, mods, make_function_output_iterator([&](auto* mod) {
                                   if(mod->name() == name)
                                       is_unused = true;
                               }));
    return is_unused;
}

template <class Map>
bool references_instruction(Map& m, const instruction& ins, const std::string& name)
{
    return std::any_of(m.begin(), m.end(), [&](auto&& p) {
        if(p.first == name)
            return false;
        return std::any_of(p.second.begin(), p.second.end(), [&](auto&& i) {
            return std::any_of(i.inputs().begin(), i.inputs().end(), [&](auto&& j) {
                return std::addressof(*j) == std::addressof(ins);
            });
        });
    });
}

void program::remove_module(const std::string& name)
{
    // cppcheck-suppress assertWithSideEffect
    assert(is_unused_module(impl->modules, generic_get_modules(this->get_main_module()), name) &&
           "Module used in program");
    assert(std::none_of(
               impl->modules.at(name).begin(),
               impl->modules.at(name).end(),
               [&](auto&& ins) { return references_instruction(impl->modules, ins, name); }) &&
           "Instruction referenced in another module");

    // if an instruction has an input out side of the current module, need to remove
    // the instruction from its input's outputs
    auto& mod = impl->modules.at(name);
    for(auto ins : iterator_for(mod))
    {
        auto inputs = ins->inputs();
        for(auto in : inputs)
        {
            if(not mod.has_instruction(in))
            {
                in->remove_output(ins);
            }
        }
    }

    impl->modules.erase(name);
}

void program::remove_unused_modules()
{
    std::vector<module*> unused;
    generic_get_unused_modules(
        impl->modules, generic_get_modules(this->get_main_module()), std::back_inserter(unused));
    for(const auto* m : unused)
        this->remove_module(m->name());
}

program& program::sort()
{
    std::queue<migraphx::module_ref> mqueue;
    mqueue.push(get_main_module());
    while(not mqueue.empty())
    {
        module_ref current_mod = mqueue.front();
        current_mod->sort();
        mqueue.pop();
        auto child_mods = current_mod->get_sub_modules(true);
        for(auto& sub_mod : child_mods)
        {
            mqueue.push(sub_mod);
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

bool operator==(const program& x, const program& y) { return to_string(x) == to_string(y); }

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const program& p)
{
    auto vec_modules = p.get_modules();
    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
    for(auto& mod : vec_modules)
    {
        os << "module: \"" << mod->name() << "\"" << std::endl;
        names = mod->print(
            [&](auto ins, auto ins_names) {
                instruction::print(os, ins, ins_names);
                os << std::endl;
            },
            names);
        os << std::endl;
    }

    return os;
}

} // namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS
} // namespace migraphx