modeling_tf_bert.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors and The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" TF 2.0 BERT model. """


from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional, Tuple

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

from .configuration_bert import BertConfig
from .file_utils import (
    MULTIPLE_CHOICE_DUMMY_INPUTS,
    ModelOutput,
    add_code_sample_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_callable,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from .modeling_tf_outputs import (
    TFBaseModelOutput,
    TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling,
    TFCausalLMOutput,
    TFMaskedLMOutput,
    TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput,
    TFNextSentencePredictorOutput,
    TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
    TFSequenceClassifierOutput,
    TFTokenClassifierOutput,
)
from .modeling_tf_utils import (
    TFCausalLanguageModelingLoss,
    TFMaskedLanguageModelingLoss,
    TFMultipleChoiceLoss,
    TFPreTrainedModel,
    TFQuestionAnsweringLoss,
    TFSequenceClassificationLoss,
    TFTokenClassificationLoss,
    get_initializer,
    keras_serializable,
    shape_list,
)
from .tokenization_utils import BatchEncoding
from .utils import logging


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "BertConfig"
_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC = "BertTokenizer"

TF_BERT_PRETRAINED_MODEL_ARCHIVE_LIST = [
    "bert-base-uncased",
    "bert-large-uncased",
    "bert-base-cased",
    "bert-large-cased",
    "bert-base-multilingual-uncased",
    "bert-base-multilingual-cased",
    "bert-base-chinese",
    "bert-base-german-cased",
    "bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking",
    "bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking",
    "bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad",
    "bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad",
    "bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc",
    "cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese",
    "cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-whole-word-masking",
    "cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-char",
    "cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-char-whole-word-masking",
    "TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-cased-v1",
    "TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-uncased-v1",
    "wietsedv/bert-base-dutch-cased",
    # See all BERT models at https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bert
]


def gelu(x):
    """Gaussian Error Linear Unit.
    Original Implementation of the gelu activation function in Google Bert repo when initially created.
        For information: OpenAI GPT's gelu is slightly different (and gives slightly different results):
        0.5 * x * (1 + torch.tanh(math.sqrt(2 / math.pi) * (x + 0.044715 * torch.pow(x, 3))))
        Also see https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08415
    """
    cdf = 0.5 * (1.0 + tf.math.erf(x / tf.math.sqrt(2.0)))

    return x * cdf


def gelu_new(x):
    """Gaussian Error Linear Unit.
    This is a smoother version of the RELU.
    Original paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08415
    Args:
        x: float Tensor to perform activation.
    Returns:
        `x` with the GELU activation applied.
    """
    cdf = 0.5 * (1.0 + tf.tanh((np.sqrt(2 / np.pi) * (x + 0.044715 * tf.pow(x, 3)))))

    return x * cdf


def swish(x):
    return x * tf.sigmoid(x)


ACT2FN = {
    "gelu": tf.keras.layers.Activation(gelu),
    "relu": tf.keras.activations.relu,
    "swish": tf.keras.layers.Activation(swish),
    "gelu_new": tf.keras.layers.Activation(gelu_new),
}


class TFBertEmbeddings(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    """Construct the embeddings from word, position and token_type embeddings."""

    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.initializer_range = config.initializer_range
        self.position_embeddings = tf.keras.layers.Embedding(
            config.max_position_embeddings,
            config.hidden_size,
            embeddings_initializer=get_initializer(self.initializer_range),
            name="position_embeddings",
        )
        self.token_type_embeddings = tf.keras.layers.Embedding(
            config.type_vocab_size,
            config.hidden_size,
            embeddings_initializer=get_initializer(self.initializer_range),
            name="token_type_embeddings",
        )

        # self.LayerNorm is not snake-cased to stick with TensorFlow model variable name and be able to load
        # any TensorFlow checkpoint file
        self.LayerNorm = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=config.layer_norm_eps, name="LayerNorm")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)

    def build(self, input_shape):
        """Build shared word embedding layer """
        with tf.name_scope("word_embeddings"):
            # Create and initialize weights. The random normal initializer was chosen
            # arbitrarily, and works well.
            self.word_embeddings = self.add_weight(
                "weight",
                shape=[self.vocab_size, self.hidden_size],
                initializer=get_initializer(self.initializer_range),
            )
        super().build(input_shape)

    def call(
        self,
        input_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        mode="embedding",
        training=False,
    ):
        """Get token embeddings of inputs.
        Args:
            inputs: list of three int64 tensors with shape [batch_size, length]: (input_ids, position_ids, token_type_ids)
            mode: string, a valid value is one of "embedding" and "linear".
        Returns:
            outputs: (1) If mode == "embedding", output embedding tensor, float32 with
                shape [batch_size, length, embedding_size]; (2) mode == "linear", output
                linear tensor, float32 with shape [batch_size, length, vocab_size].
        Raises:
            ValueError: if mode is not valid.

        Shared weights logic adapted from
            https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/a009f4fb9d2fc4949e32192a944688925ef78659/official/transformer/v2/embedding_layer.py#L24
        """
        if mode == "embedding":
            return self._embedding(input_ids, position_ids, token_type_ids, inputs_embeds, training=training)
        elif mode == "linear":
            return self._linear(input_ids)
        else:
            raise ValueError("mode {} is not valid.".format(mode))

    def _embedding(self, input_ids, position_ids, token_type_ids, inputs_embeds, training=False):
        """Applies embedding based on inputs tensor."""
        assert not (input_ids is None and inputs_embeds is None)

        if input_ids is not None:
            input_shape = shape_list(input_ids)
        else:
            input_shape = shape_list(inputs_embeds)[:-1]

        seq_length = input_shape[1]

        if position_ids is None:
            position_ids = tf.range(seq_length, dtype=tf.int32)[tf.newaxis, :]

        if token_type_ids is None:
            token_type_ids = tf.fill(input_shape, 0)

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = tf.gather(self.word_embeddings, input_ids)

        position_embeddings = tf.cast(self.position_embeddings(position_ids), inputs_embeds.dtype)
        token_type_embeddings = tf.cast(self.token_type_embeddings(token_type_ids), inputs_embeds.dtype)
        embeddings = inputs_embeds + position_embeddings + token_type_embeddings
        embeddings = self.LayerNorm(embeddings)
        embeddings = self.dropout(embeddings, training=training)

        return embeddings

    def _linear(self, inputs):
        """Computes logits by running inputs through a linear layer.
        Args:
            inputs: A float32 tensor with shape [batch_size, length, hidden_size]
        Returns:
            float32 tensor with shape [batch_size, length, vocab_size].
        """
        batch_size = shape_list(inputs)[0]
        length = shape_list(inputs)[1]
        x = tf.reshape(inputs, [-1, self.hidden_size])
        logits = tf.matmul(x, self.word_embeddings, transpose_b=True)

        return tf.reshape(logits, [batch_size, length, self.vocab_size])


class TFBertSelfAttention(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        if config.hidden_size % config.num_attention_heads != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "The hidden size (%d) is not a multiple of the number of attention "
                "heads (%d)" % (config.hidden_size, config.num_attention_heads)
            )

        self.num_attention_heads = config.num_attention_heads
        assert config.hidden_size % config.num_attention_heads == 0
        self.attention_head_size = int(config.hidden_size / config.num_attention_heads)
        self.all_head_size = self.num_attention_heads * self.attention_head_size
        self.query = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            self.all_head_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="query"
        )
        self.key = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            self.all_head_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="key"
        )
        self.value = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            self.all_head_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="value"
        )
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.attention_probs_dropout_prob)

    def transpose_for_scores(self, x, batch_size):
        x = tf.reshape(x, (batch_size, -1, self.num_attention_heads, self.attention_head_size))

        return tf.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])

    def call(self, hidden_states, attention_mask, head_mask, output_attentions, training=False):
        batch_size = shape_list(hidden_states)[0]
        mixed_query_layer = self.query(hidden_states)
        mixed_key_layer = self.key(hidden_states)
        mixed_value_layer = self.value(hidden_states)
        query_layer = self.transpose_for_scores(mixed_query_layer, batch_size)
        key_layer = self.transpose_for_scores(mixed_key_layer, batch_size)
        value_layer = self.transpose_for_scores(mixed_value_layer, batch_size)

        # Take the dot product between "query" and "key" to get the raw attention scores.
        attention_scores = tf.matmul(
            query_layer, key_layer, transpose_b=True
        )  # (batch size, num_heads, seq_len_q, seq_len_k)
        dk = tf.cast(shape_list(key_layer)[-1], attention_scores.dtype)  # scale attention_scores
        attention_scores = attention_scores / tf.math.sqrt(dk)

        if attention_mask is not None:
            # Apply the attention mask is (precomputed for all layers in TFBertModel call() function)
            attention_scores = attention_scores + attention_mask

        # Normalize the attention scores to probabilities.
        attention_probs = tf.nn.softmax(attention_scores, axis=-1)

        # This is actually dropping out entire tokens to attend to, which might
        # seem a bit unusual, but is taken from the original Transformer paper.
        attention_probs = self.dropout(attention_probs, training=training)

        # Mask heads if we want to
        if head_mask is not None:
            attention_probs = attention_probs * head_mask

        context_layer = tf.matmul(attention_probs, value_layer)
        context_layer = tf.transpose(context_layer, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
        context_layer = tf.reshape(
            context_layer, (batch_size, -1, self.all_head_size)
        )  # (batch_size, seq_len_q, all_head_size)
        outputs = (context_layer, attention_probs) if output_attentions else (context_layer,)

        return outputs


class TFBertSelfOutput(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.hidden_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="dense"
        )
        self.LayerNorm = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=config.layer_norm_eps, name="LayerNorm")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)

    def call(self, hidden_states, input_tensor, training=False):
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states, training=training)
        hidden_states = self.LayerNorm(hidden_states + input_tensor)

        return hidden_states


class TFBertAttention(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.self_attention = TFBertSelfAttention(config, name="self")
        self.dense_output = TFBertSelfOutput(config, name="output")

    def prune_heads(self, heads):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def call(self, input_tensor, attention_mask, head_mask, output_attentions, training=False):
        self_outputs = self.self_attention(
            input_tensor, attention_mask, head_mask, output_attentions, training=training
        )
        attention_output = self.dense_output(self_outputs[0], input_tensor, training=training)
        outputs = (attention_output,) + self_outputs[1:]  # add attentions if we output them

        return outputs


class TFBertIntermediate(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.intermediate_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="dense"
        )

        if isinstance(config.hidden_act, str):
            self.intermediate_act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
        else:
            self.intermediate_act_fn = config.hidden_act

    def call(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.intermediate_act_fn(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states


class TFBertOutput(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.hidden_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="dense"
        )
        self.LayerNorm = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=config.layer_norm_eps, name="LayerNorm")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)

    def call(self, hidden_states, input_tensor, training=False):
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states, training=training)
        hidden_states = self.LayerNorm(hidden_states + input_tensor)

        return hidden_states


class TFBertLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.attention = TFBertAttention(config, name="attention")
        self.intermediate = TFBertIntermediate(config, name="intermediate")
        self.bert_output = TFBertOutput(config, name="output")

    def call(self, hidden_states, attention_mask, head_mask, output_attentions, training=False):
        attention_outputs = self.attention(
            hidden_states, attention_mask, head_mask, output_attentions, training=training
        )
        attention_output = attention_outputs[0]
        intermediate_output = self.intermediate(attention_output)
        layer_output = self.bert_output(intermediate_output, attention_output, training=training)
        outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_outputs[1:]  # add attentions if we output them

        return outputs


class TFBertEncoder(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.layer = [TFBertLayer(config, name="layer_._{}".format(i)) for i in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]

    def call(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        attention_mask,
        head_mask,
        output_attentions,
        output_hidden_states,
        return_dict,
        training=False,
    ):
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None

        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

            layer_outputs = layer_module(
                hidden_states, attention_mask, head_mask[i], output_attentions, training=training
            )
            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if output_attentions:
                all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[1],)

        # Add last layer
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, all_hidden_states, all_attentions] if v is not None)
        return TFBaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states, hidden_states=all_hidden_states, attentions=all_attentions
        )


class TFBertPooler(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.hidden_size,
            kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range),
            activation="tanh",
            name="dense",
        )

    def call(self, hidden_states):
        # We "pool" the model by simply taking the hidden state corresponding
        # to the first token.
        first_token_tensor = hidden_states[:, 0]
        pooled_output = self.dense(first_token_tensor)

        return pooled_output


class TFBertPredictionHeadTransform(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.hidden_size, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="dense"
        )

        if isinstance(config.hidden_act, str):
            self.transform_act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
        else:
            self.transform_act_fn = config.hidden_act

        self.LayerNorm = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=config.layer_norm_eps, name="LayerNorm")

    def call(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.transform_act_fn(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.LayerNorm(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states


class TFBertLMPredictionHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, input_embeddings, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.transform = TFBertPredictionHeadTransform(config, name="transform")

        # The output weights are the same as the input embeddings, but there is
        # an output-only bias for each token.
        self.input_embeddings = input_embeddings

    def build(self, input_shape):
        self.bias = self.add_weight(shape=(self.vocab_size,), initializer="zeros", trainable=True, name="bias")
        super().build(input_shape)

    def call(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_states = self.transform(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.input_embeddings(hidden_states, mode="linear")
        hidden_states = hidden_states + self.bias

        return hidden_states


class TFBertMLMHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, input_embeddings, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.predictions = TFBertLMPredictionHead(config, input_embeddings, name="predictions")

    def call(self, sequence_output):
        prediction_scores = self.predictions(sequence_output)

        return prediction_scores


class TFBertNSPHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.seq_relationship = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            2, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="seq_relationship"
        )

    def call(self, pooled_output):
        seq_relationship_score = self.seq_relationship(pooled_output)

        return seq_relationship_score


@keras_serializable
class TFBertMainLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    config_class = BertConfig

    def __init__(self, config, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.num_hidden_layers = config.num_hidden_layers
        self.initializer_range = config.initializer_range
        self.output_attentions = config.output_attentions
        self.output_hidden_states = config.output_hidden_states
        self.return_dict = config.use_return_dict
        self.embeddings = TFBertEmbeddings(config, name="embeddings")
        self.encoder = TFBertEncoder(config, name="encoder")
        self.pooler = TFBertPooler(config, name="pooler")

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embeddings

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
        self.embeddings.word_embeddings = value
        self.embeddings.vocab_size = value.shape[0]

    def _prune_heads(self, heads_to_prune):
        """Prunes heads of the model.
        heads_to_prune: dict of {layer_num: list of heads to prune in this layer}
        See base class PreTrainedModel
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def call(
        self,
        inputs,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            input_ids = inputs[0]
            attention_mask = inputs[1] if len(inputs) > 1 else attention_mask
            token_type_ids = inputs[2] if len(inputs) > 2 else token_type_ids
            position_ids = inputs[3] if len(inputs) > 3 else position_ids
            head_mask = inputs[4] if len(inputs) > 4 else head_mask
            inputs_embeds = inputs[5] if len(inputs) > 5 else inputs_embeds
            output_attentions = inputs[6] if len(inputs) > 6 else output_attentions
            output_hidden_states = inputs[7] if len(inputs) > 7 else output_hidden_states
            return_dict = inputs[8] if len(inputs) > 8 else return_dict
            assert len(inputs) <= 9, "Too many inputs."
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            input_ids = inputs.get("input_ids")
            attention_mask = inputs.get("attention_mask", attention_mask)
            token_type_ids = inputs.get("token_type_ids", token_type_ids)
            position_ids = inputs.get("position_ids", position_ids)
            head_mask = inputs.get("head_mask", head_mask)
            inputs_embeds = inputs.get("inputs_embeds", inputs_embeds)
            output_attentions = inputs.get("output_attentions", output_attentions)
            output_hidden_states = inputs.get("output_hidden_states", output_hidden_states)
            return_dict = inputs.get("return_dict", return_dict)
            assert len(inputs) <= 9, "Too many inputs."
        else:
            input_ids = inputs

        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.output_hidden_states
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.return_dict

        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
        elif input_ids is not None:
            input_shape = shape_list(input_ids)
        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
            input_shape = shape_list(inputs_embeds)[:-1]
        else:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")

        if attention_mask is None:
            attention_mask = tf.fill(input_shape, 1)
        if token_type_ids is None:
            token_type_ids = tf.fill(input_shape, 0)

        embedding_output = self.embeddings(input_ids, position_ids, token_type_ids, inputs_embeds, training=training)

        # We create a 3D attention mask from a 2D tensor mask.
        # Sizes are [batch_size, 1, 1, to_seq_length]
        # So we can broadcast to [batch_size, num_heads, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
        # this attention mask is more simple than the triangular masking of causal attention
        # used in OpenAI GPT, we just need to prepare the broadcast dimension here.
        extended_attention_mask = attention_mask[:, tf.newaxis, tf.newaxis, :]

        # Since attention_mask is 1.0 for positions we want to attend and 0.0 for
        # masked positions, this operation will create a tensor which is 0.0 for
        # positions we want to attend and -10000.0 for masked positions.
        # Since we are adding it to the raw scores before the softmax, this is
        # effectively the same as removing these entirely.

        extended_attention_mask = tf.cast(extended_attention_mask, embedding_output.dtype)
        extended_attention_mask = (1.0 - extended_attention_mask) * -10000.0

        # Prepare head mask if needed
        # 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
        # attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
        # input head_mask has shape [num_heads] or [num_hidden_layers x num_heads]
        # and head_mask is converted to shape [num_hidden_layers x batch x num_heads x seq_length x seq_length]
        if head_mask is not None:
            raise NotImplementedError
        else:
            head_mask = [None] * self.num_hidden_layers
            # head_mask = tf.constant([0] * self.num_hidden_layers)

        encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
            embedding_output,
            extended_attention_mask,
            head_mask,
            output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states,
            return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        sequence_output = encoder_outputs[0]
        pooled_output = self.pooler(sequence_output)

        if not return_dict:
            return (
                sequence_output,
                pooled_output,
            ) + encoder_outputs[1:]

        return TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling(
            last_hidden_state=sequence_output,
            pooler_output=pooled_output,
            hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )


class TFBertPreTrainedModel(TFPreTrainedModel):
    """An abstract class to handle weights initialization and
    a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained models.
    """

    config_class = BertConfig
    base_model_prefix = "bert"


@dataclass
class TFBertForPreTrainingOutput(ModelOutput):
    """
    Output type of :class:`~transformers.TFBertForPreTrainingModel`.

    Args:
        prediction_logits (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`):
            Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
        seq_relationship_logits (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, 2)`):
            Prediction scores of the next sequence prediction (classification) head (scores of True/False
            continuation before SoftMax).
        hidden_states (:obj:`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``output_hidden_states=True`` is passed or when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
            Tuple of :obj:`tf.Tensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
            of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
        attentions (:obj:`tuple(tf.Tensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``output_attentions=True`` is passed or when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
            Tuple of :obj:`tf.Tensor` (one for each layer) of shape
            :obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

            Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
            heads.
    """

    prediction_logits: tf.Tensor = None
    seq_relationship_logits: tf.Tensor = None
    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[tf.Tensor]] = None
    attentions: Optional[Tuple[tf.Tensor]] = None


BERT_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    This model is a `tf.keras.Model <https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/Model>`__ sub-class.
    Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and
    refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

    .. note::

        TF 2.0 models accepts two formats as inputs:

            - having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or
            - having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional arguments.

        This second option is useful when using :obj:`tf.keras.Model.fit()` method which currently requires having
        all the tensors in the first argument of the model call function: :obj:`model(inputs)`.

        If you choose this second option, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors
        in the first positional argument :

        - a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: :obj:`model(inputs_ids)`
        - a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring:
          :obj:`model([input_ids, attention_mask])` or :obj:`model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])`
        - a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring:
          :obj:`model({'input_ids': input_ids, 'token_type_ids': token_type_ids})`

    Parameters:
        config (:class:`~transformers.BertConfig`): Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model.
            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration.
            Check out the :meth:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained` method to load the model weights.
"""

BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`{0}`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

            Indices can be obtained using :class:`transformers.BertTokenizer`.
            See :func:`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode` and
            :func:`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__` for details.

            `What are input IDs? <../glossary.html#input-ids>`__
        attention_mask (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`{0}`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices.
            Mask values selected in ``[0, 1]``:
            ``1`` for tokens that are NOT MASKED, ``0`` for MASKED tokens.

            `What are attention masks? <../glossary.html#attention-mask>`__
        token_type_ids (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`{0}`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs.
            Indices are selected in ``[0, 1]``: ``0`` corresponds to a `sentence A` token, ``1``
            corresponds to a `sentence B` token

            `What are token type IDs? <../glossary.html#token-type-ids>`__
        position_ids (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`{0}`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings.
            Selected in the range ``[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]``.

            `What are position IDs? <../glossary.html#position-ids>`__
        head_mask (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(num_heads,)` or :obj:`(num_layers, num_heads)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules.
            Mask values selected in ``[0, 1]``:
            :obj:`1` indicates the head is **not masked**, :obj:`0` indicates the head is **masked**.
        inputs_embeds (:obj:`Numpy array` or :obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, embedding_dim)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Optionally, instead of passing :obj:`input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation.
            This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors
            than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
        training (:obj:`boolean`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
            Whether to activate dropout modules (if set to :obj:`True`) during training or to de-activate them
            (if set to :obj:`False`) for evaluation.
        output_attentions (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            If set to ``True``, the attentions tensors of all attention layers are returned. See ``attentions`` under returned tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            If set to ``True``, the hidden states of all layers are returned. See ``hidden_states`` under returned tensors for more detail.
        return_dict (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            If set to ``True``, the model will return a :class:`~transformers.file_utils.ModelOutput` instead of a
            plain tuple.
"""


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The bare Bert Model transformer outputing raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertModel(TFBertPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)
        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, sequence_length)"))
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(self, inputs, **kwargs):
        outputs = self.bert(inputs, **kwargs)
        return outputs


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model with two heads on top as done during the pre-training:
    a `masked language modeling` head and a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head. """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForPreTraining(TFBertPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.nsp = TFBertNSPHead(config, name="nsp___cls")
        self.mlm = TFBertMLMHead(config, self.bert.embeddings, name="mlm___cls")

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.bert.embeddings

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, sequence_length)"))
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=TFBertForPreTrainingOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def call(self, inputs, **kwargs):
        r"""
        Return:

        Examples::

            import tensorflow as tf
            from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertForPreTraining

            tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
            model = TFBertForPreTraining.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
            input_ids = tf.constant(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True))[None, :]  # Batch size 1
            outputs = model(input_ids)
            prediction_scores, seq_relationship_scores = outputs[:2]

        """
        return_dict = kwargs.get("return_dict")
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        outputs = self.bert(inputs, **kwargs)

        sequence_output, pooled_output = outputs[:2]
        prediction_scores = self.mlm(sequence_output, training=kwargs.get("training", False))
        seq_relationship_score = self.nsp(pooled_output)

        if not return_dict:
            return (prediction_scores, seq_relationship_score) + outputs[2:]

        return TFBertForPreTrainingOutput(
            prediction_logits=prediction_scores,
            seq_relationship_logits=seq_relationship_score,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings("""Bert Model with a `language modeling` head on top. """, BERT_START_DOCSTRING)
class TFBertForMaskedLM(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFMaskedLanguageModelingLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)

        if config.is_decoder:
            logger.warning(
                "If you want to use `TFBertForMaskedLM` make sure `config.is_decoder=False` for "
                "bi-directional self-attention."
            )

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.mlm = TFBertMLMHead(config, self.bert.embeddings, name="mlm___cls")

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.bert.embeddings

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, sequence_length)"))
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFMaskedLMOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        labels=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        labels (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss.
            Indices should be in ``[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]`` (see ``input_ids`` docstring)
            Tokens with indices set to ``-100`` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels
            in ``[0, ..., config.vocab_size]``
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            labels = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else labels
            if len(inputs) > 9:
                inputs = inputs[:9]
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            labels = inputs.pop("labels", labels)

        outputs = self.bert(
            inputs,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs[0]
        prediction_scores = self.mlm(sequence_output, training=training)

        loss = None if labels is None else self.compute_loss(labels, prediction_scores)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (prediction_scores,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFMaskedLMOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=prediction_scores,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


class TFBertLMHeadModel(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFCausalLanguageModelingLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)

        if not config.is_decoder:
            logger.warning("If you want to use `TFBertLMHeadModel` as a standalone, add `is_decoder=True.`")

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.mlm = TFBertMLMHead(config, self.bert.embeddings, name="mlm___cls")

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.bert.embeddings

    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFCausalLMOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        labels=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        labels (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for computing the cross entropy classification loss.
            Indices should be in ``[0, ..., config.vocab_size - 1]``.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            labels = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else labels
            if len(inputs) > 9:
                inputs = inputs[:9]
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            labels = inputs.pop("labels", labels)

        outputs = self.bert(
            inputs,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs[0]
        logits = self.mlm(sequence_output, training=training)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            # shift labels to the left and cut last logit token
            logits = logits[:, :-1]
            labels = labels[:, 1:]
            loss = self.compute_loss(labels, logits)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFCausalLMOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model with a `next sentence prediction (classification)` head on top. """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForNextSentencePrediction(TFBertPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.nsp = TFBertNSPHead(config, name="nsp___cls")

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, sequence_length)"))
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=TFNextSentencePredictorOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def call(self, inputs, **kwargs):
        r"""
        Return:

        Examples::

            import tensorflow as tf
            from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertForNextSentencePrediction

            tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
            model = TFBertForNextSentencePrediction.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')

            prompt = "In Italy, pizza served in formal settings, such as at a restaurant, is presented unsliced."
            next_sentence = "The sky is blue due to the shorter wavelength of blue light."
            encoding = tokenizer(prompt, next_sentence, return_tensors='tf')

            logits = model(encoding['input_ids'], token_type_ids=encoding['token_type_ids'])[0]
            assert logits[0][0] < logits[0][1] # the next sentence was random
        """
        return_dict = kwargs.get("return_dict")
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        outputs = self.bert(inputs, **kwargs)

        pooled_output = outputs[1]
        seq_relationship_score = self.nsp(pooled_output)

        if not return_dict:
            return (seq_relationship_score,) + outputs[2:]

        return TFNextSentencePredictorOutput(
            logits=seq_relationship_score,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of
    the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks. """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForSequenceClassification(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFSequenceClassificationLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)
        self.num_labels = config.num_labels

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
        self.classifier = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.num_labels, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="classifier"
        )

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, sequence_length)"))
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFSequenceClassifierOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        labels=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        labels (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss.
            Indices should be in :obj:`[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`.
            If :obj:`config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss),
            If :obj:`config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            labels = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else labels
            if len(inputs) > 9:
                inputs = inputs[:9]
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            labels = inputs.pop("labels", labels)

        outputs = self.bert(
            inputs,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        pooled_output = outputs[1]

        pooled_output = self.dropout(pooled_output, training=training)
        logits = self.classifier(pooled_output)

        loss = None if labels is None else self.compute_loss(labels, logits)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFSequenceClassifierOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model with a multiple choice classification head on top (a linear layer on top of
    the pooled output and a softmax) e.g. for RocStories/SWAG tasks. """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForMultipleChoice(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFMultipleChoiceLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
        self.classifier = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            1, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="classifier"
        )

    @property
    def dummy_inputs(self):
        """Dummy inputs to build the network.

        Returns:
            tf.Tensor with dummy inputs
        """
        return {"input_ids": tf.constant(MULTIPLE_CHOICE_DUMMY_INPUTS)}

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING.format("(batch_size, num_choices, sequence_length)"))
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        labels=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        labels (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss.
            Indices should be in ``[0, ..., num_choices]`` where `num_choices` is the size of the second dimension
            of the input tensors. (see `input_ids` above)
        """
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            input_ids = inputs[0]
            attention_mask = inputs[1] if len(inputs) > 1 else attention_mask
            token_type_ids = inputs[2] if len(inputs) > 2 else token_type_ids
            position_ids = inputs[3] if len(inputs) > 3 else position_ids
            head_mask = inputs[4] if len(inputs) > 4 else head_mask
            inputs_embeds = inputs[5] if len(inputs) > 5 else inputs_embeds
            output_attentions = inputs[6] if len(inputs) > 6 else output_attentions
            output_hidden_states = inputs[7] if len(inputs) > 7 else output_hidden_states
            return_dict = inputs[8] if len(inputs) > 8 else return_dict
            labels = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else labels
            assert len(inputs) <= 10, "Too many inputs."
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            input_ids = inputs.get("input_ids")
            attention_mask = inputs.get("attention_mask", attention_mask)
            token_type_ids = inputs.get("token_type_ids", token_type_ids)
            position_ids = inputs.get("position_ids", position_ids)
            head_mask = inputs.get("head_mask", head_mask)
            inputs_embeds = inputs.get("inputs_embeds", inputs_embeds)
            output_attentions = inputs.get("output_attentions", output_attentions)
            output_hidden_states = inputs.get("output_hidden_states", output_hidden_states)
            return_dict = inputs.get("return_dict", return_dict)
            labels = inputs.get("labels", labels)
            assert len(inputs) <= 10, "Too many inputs."
        else:
            input_ids = inputs
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict

        if input_ids is not None:
            num_choices = shape_list(input_ids)[1]
            seq_length = shape_list(input_ids)[2]
        else:
            num_choices = shape_list(inputs_embeds)[1]
            seq_length = shape_list(inputs_embeds)[2]

        flat_input_ids = tf.reshape(input_ids, (-1, seq_length)) if input_ids is not None else None
        flat_attention_mask = tf.reshape(attention_mask, (-1, seq_length)) if attention_mask is not None else None
        flat_token_type_ids = tf.reshape(token_type_ids, (-1, seq_length)) if token_type_ids is not None else None
        flat_position_ids = tf.reshape(position_ids, (-1, seq_length)) if position_ids is not None else None
        flat_inputs_embeds = (
            tf.reshape(inputs_embeds, (-1, seq_length, shape_list(inputs_embeds)[3]))
            if inputs_embeds is not None
            else None
        )
        outputs = self.bert(
            flat_input_ids,
            flat_attention_mask,
            flat_token_type_ids,
            flat_position_ids,
            head_mask,
            flat_inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )
        pooled_output = outputs[1]
        pooled_output = self.dropout(pooled_output, training=training)
        logits = self.classifier(pooled_output)
        reshaped_logits = tf.reshape(logits, (-1, num_choices))

        loss = None if labels is None else self.compute_loss(labels, reshaped_logits)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (reshaped_logits,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=reshaped_logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of
    the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks. """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForTokenClassification(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFTokenClassificationLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)
        self.num_labels = config.num_labels

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
        self.classifier = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.num_labels, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="classifier"
        )

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFTokenClassifierOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        labels=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        labels (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for computing the token classification loss.
            Indices should be in ``[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]``.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            labels = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else labels
            if len(inputs) > 9:
                inputs = inputs[:9]
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            labels = inputs.pop("labels", labels)

        outputs = self.bert(
            inputs,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs[0]

        sequence_output = self.dropout(sequence_output, training=training)
        logits = self.classifier(sequence_output)

        loss = None if labels is None else self.compute_loss(labels, logits)

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFTokenClassifierOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@add_start_docstrings(
    """Bert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of
    the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`). """,
    BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class TFBertForQuestionAnswering(TFBertPreTrainedModel, TFQuestionAnsweringLoss):
    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)
        self.num_labels = config.num_labels

        self.bert = TFBertMainLayer(config, name="bert")
        self.qa_outputs = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            config.num_labels, kernel_initializer=get_initializer(config.initializer_range), name="qa_outputs"
        )

    @add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @add_code_sample_docstrings(
        tokenizer_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
        checkpoint="bert-base-cased",
        output_type=TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
        config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
    )
    def call(
        self,
        inputs=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        token_type_ids=None,
        position_ids=None,
        head_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        return_dict=None,
        start_positions=None,
        end_positions=None,
        training=False,
    ):
        r"""
        start_positions (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`).
            Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
        end_positions (:obj:`tf.Tensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
            Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`).
            Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.bert.return_dict
        if isinstance(inputs, (tuple, list)):
            start_positions = inputs[9] if len(inputs) > 9 else start_positions
            end_positions = inputs[10] if len(inputs) > 10 else end_positions
            if len(inputs) > 9:
                inputs = inputs[:9]
        elif isinstance(inputs, (dict, BatchEncoding)):
            start_positions = inputs.pop("start_positions", start_positions)
            end_positions = inputs.pop("end_positions", start_positions)

        outputs = self.bert(
            inputs,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            training=training,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs[0]

        logits = self.qa_outputs(sequence_output)
        start_logits, end_logits = tf.split(logits, 2, axis=-1)
        start_logits = tf.squeeze(start_logits, axis=-1)
        end_logits = tf.squeeze(end_logits, axis=-1)

        loss = None
        if start_positions is not None and end_positions is not None:
            labels = {"start_position": start_positions}
            labels["end_position"] = end_positions
            loss = self.compute_loss(labels, (start_logits, end_logits))

        if not return_dict:
            output = (start_logits, end_logits) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput(
            loss=loss,
            start_logits=start_logits,
            end_logits=end_logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )