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adds -reset-optimizer, --reset-lr-scheduler, and --optimizer-overrides flags

A Task defines the data format, stores shared state (e.g., dictionaries) and provides helpers for building the model/criterion and calculating the loss.

Changes:
- Add TranslationTask and LanguageModelingTask. New tasks can be registered with @register_task decorator.
- Add EpochBatchIterator to encapsulate batching and saving/restoring dataloader position
- Remove LEFT_PAD_* constants and make them configurable per task

This implements convolutional language model from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08083.pdf

There are 3 modes for constructing batches:

- token block: fill each sample with a specified number of tokens without regard for sentence delimiters - this is what was used for training in the paper
- complete: fill each sample with a specified number of tokens but make sure it contains only complete sentences (i.e. if next sentence goes over token block limit, move it to the next sample) - this was used for evaluation in the paper
- eos: one sentence per sample (skip blank lines)

some results:

GCNN-13 - GBW - 37.46
GCNN-14B - GBW - 33.88
GCNN-8 - Wiki103 - 43.76
GCNN-14 - Wiki103 - 35.66

train:

python train.py /private/home/abaevski/data/wiki103 --save-dir /tmp --fp16 --max-epoch 35 --save-interval 1 --save-interval-updates 1000 --keep-interval-updates 25 --arch fconv_lm --optimizer nag --lr 1.0 --lr-scheduler reduce_lr_on_plateau --lr-shrink 0.5 --decoder-embed-dim 280 --decoder-layers '[(850, 6)] * 3 + [(850,1)] + [(850,5)] * 4 + [(850,1)] + [(850,4)] * 3 + [(1024,4)] + [(2048, 4)]' --clip-norm 0.1 --dropout 0.2 --weight-decay 5e-06 --criterion cross_entropy --max-tokens 1024 --max-target-positions 1024 --seed 1 --log-format json --log-interval 500

eval:

python eval_lm.py ~abaevski/data/wiki103 --path '/checkpoint02/abaevski/2018-04-27/lm_wiki.fp16.mxup300000.fconv.adam.lrs=reduce_lr_on_plateau.emb280.layers(850,6)*3+(850,1)+(850,5)*4+(850,1)+(850,4)*3+(1024,1)+(2048,4).lr0.0005.clp0.1.drp0.3.wd0.0.crt=cross_entropy.mxtk2048.smptk256.seed1.ngpu8/checkpoint_last.pt'

Changes:
- 7d19e36: Add `--sampling` flag to generate.py to sample instead of doing beam search
- c777340: Add `scripts/average_checkpoints.py` to average multiple checkpoints into a combined model
- 3ea882c: Add `--max-update` option to train.py to stop training after a given number of updates
- small bugfixes for distributed training, LSTM, inverse square root LR scheduler

This PR includes breaking API changes to modularize fairseq-py and adds support for distributed training across multiple nodes.

Changes:
- c7033ef: add support for distributed training! See updated README for usage.
- e016299: modularize fairseq-py, adding support for register_model, register_criterion, register_optimizer, etc.
- 154e440: update LSTM implementation to use PackedSequence objects in the encoder, better following best practices and improving perf
- 90c2973 and 1da6265: improve unit test coverage

* Move some functionality out of FConvModel into FairseqModel base class
* Move incremental decoding functionality into FairseqIncrementalDecoder module
* Refactor positional embeddings to be more specific to FConvModel