entity_classify.py

"""
Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06103
Code: https://github.com/tkipf/relational-gcn

Difference compared to tkipf/relation-gcn
* l2norm applied to all weights
* remove nodes that won't be touched
"""

import argparse
import time
from functools import partial

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from model import BaseRGCN
from tensorflow.keras import layers

import dgl
from dgl.data.rdf import AIFBDataset, AMDataset, BGSDataset, MUTAGDataset
from dgl.nn.tensorflow import RelGraphConv


class EntityClassify(BaseRGCN):
    def create_features(self):
        features = tf.range(self.num_nodes)
        return features

    def build_input_layer(self):
        return RelGraphConv(
            self.num_nodes,
            self.h_dim,
            self.num_rels,
            "basis",
            self.num_bases,
            activation=tf.nn.relu,
            self_loop=self.use_self_loop,
            dropout=self.dropout,
        )

    def build_hidden_layer(self, idx):
        return RelGraphConv(
            self.h_dim,
            self.h_dim,
            self.num_rels,
            "basis",
            self.num_bases,
            activation=tf.nn.relu,
            self_loop=self.use_self_loop,
            dropout=self.dropout,
        )

    def build_output_layer(self):
        return RelGraphConv(
            self.h_dim,
            self.out_dim,
            self.num_rels,
            "basis",
            self.num_bases,
            activation=partial(tf.nn.softmax, axis=1),
            self_loop=self.use_self_loop,
        )


def acc(logits, labels, mask):
    logits = tf.gather(logits, mask)
    labels = tf.gather(labels, mask)
    indices = tf.math.argmax(logits, axis=1)
    acc = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(indices == labels, dtype=tf.float32))
    return acc


def main(args):
    # load graph data
    if args.dataset == "aifb":
        dataset = AIFBDataset()
    elif args.dataset == "mutag":
        dataset = MUTAGDataset()
    elif args.dataset == "bgs":
        dataset = BGSDataset()
    elif args.dataset == "am":
        dataset = AMDataset()
    else:
        raise ValueError()

    # preprocessing in cpu
    with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
        # Load from hetero-graph
        hg = dataset[0]

        num_rels = len(hg.canonical_etypes)
        category = dataset.predict_category
        num_classes = dataset.num_classes
        train_mask = hg.nodes[category].data.pop("train_mask")
        test_mask = hg.nodes[category].data.pop("test_mask")
        train_idx = tf.squeeze(tf.where(train_mask))
        test_idx = tf.squeeze(tf.where(test_mask))
        labels = hg.nodes[category].data.pop("labels")

        # split dataset into train, validate, test
        if args.validation:
            val_idx = train_idx[: len(train_idx) // 5]
            train_idx = train_idx[len(train_idx) // 5 :]
        else:
            val_idx = train_idx

        # calculate norm for each edge type and store in edge
        for canonical_etype in hg.canonical_etypes:
            u, v, eid = hg.all_edges(form="all", etype=canonical_etype)
            _, inverse_index, count = tf.unique_with_counts(v)
            degrees = tf.gather(count, inverse_index)
            norm = tf.ones(eid.shape[0]) / tf.cast(degrees, tf.float32)
            norm = tf.expand_dims(norm, 1)
            hg.edges[canonical_etype].data["norm"] = norm

        # get target category id
        category_id = len(hg.ntypes)
        for i, ntype in enumerate(hg.ntypes):
            if ntype == category:
                category_id = i

        # edge type and normalization factor
        g = dgl.to_homogeneous(hg, edata=["norm"])

    # check cuda
    if args.gpu < 0:
        device = "/cpu:0"
        use_cuda = False
    else:
        device = "/gpu:{}".format(args.gpu)
        g = g.to(device)
        use_cuda = True
    num_nodes = g.number_of_nodes()
    node_ids = tf.range(num_nodes, dtype=tf.int64)
    edge_norm = g.edata["norm"]
    edge_type = tf.cast(g.edata[dgl.ETYPE], tf.int64)

    # find out the target node ids in g
    node_tids = g.ndata[dgl.NTYPE]
    loc = node_tids == category_id
    target_idx = tf.squeeze(tf.where(loc))

    # since the nodes are featureless, the input feature is then the node id.
    feats = tf.range(num_nodes, dtype=tf.int64)

    with tf.device(device):
        # create model
        model = EntityClassify(
            num_nodes,
            args.n_hidden,
            num_classes,
            num_rels,
            num_bases=args.n_bases,
            num_hidden_layers=args.n_layers - 2,
            dropout=args.dropout,
            use_self_loop=args.use_self_loop,
            use_cuda=use_cuda,
        )

        # optimizer
        optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=args.lr)
        # training loop
        print("start training...")
        forward_time = []
        backward_time = []
        loss_fcn = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(
            from_logits=False
        )
        for epoch in range(args.n_epochs):
            t0 = time.time()
            with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
                logits = model(g, feats, edge_type, edge_norm)
                logits = tf.gather(logits, target_idx)
                loss = loss_fcn(
                    tf.gather(labels, train_idx), tf.gather(logits, train_idx)
                )
                # Manually Weight Decay
                # We found Tensorflow has a different implementation on weight decay
                # of Adam(W) optimizer with PyTorch. And this results in worse results.
                # Manually adding weights to the loss to do weight decay solves this problem.
                for weight in model.trainable_weights:
                    loss = loss + args.l2norm * tf.nn.l2_loss(weight)
                t1 = time.time()
                grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_weights)
                optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_weights))
                t2 = time.time()

            forward_time.append(t1 - t0)
            backward_time.append(t2 - t1)
            print(
                "Epoch {:05d} | Train Forward Time(s) {:.4f} | Backward Time(s) {:.4f}".format(
                    epoch, forward_time[-1], backward_time[-1]
                )
            )
            train_acc = acc(logits, labels, train_idx)
            val_loss = loss_fcn(
                tf.gather(labels, val_idx), tf.gather(logits, val_idx)
            )
            val_acc = acc(logits, labels, val_idx)
            print(
                "Train Accuracy: {:.4f} | Train Loss: {:.4f} | Validation Accuracy: {:.4f} | Validation loss: {:.4f}".format(
                    train_acc,
                    loss.numpy().item(),
                    val_acc,
                    val_loss.numpy().item(),
                )
            )
        print()

        logits = model(g, feats, edge_type, edge_norm)
        logits = tf.gather(logits, target_idx)
        test_loss = loss_fcn(
            tf.gather(labels, test_idx), tf.gather(logits, test_idx)
        )
        test_acc = acc(logits, labels, test_idx)
        print(
            "Test Accuracy: {:.4f} | Test loss: {:.4f}".format(
                test_acc, test_loss.numpy().item()
            )
        )
        print()

        print(
            "Mean forward time: {:4f}".format(
                np.mean(forward_time[len(forward_time) // 4 :])
            )
        )
        print(
            "Mean backward time: {:4f}".format(
                np.mean(backward_time[len(backward_time) // 4 :])
            )
        )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="RGCN")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dropout", type=float, default=0, help="dropout probability"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--n-hidden", type=int, default=16, help="number of hidden units"
    )
    parser.add_argument("--gpu", type=int, default=-1, help="gpu")
    parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=1e-2, help="learning rate")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--n-bases",
        type=int,
        default=-1,
        help="number of filter weight matrices, default: -1 [use all]",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--n-layers", type=int, default=2, help="number of propagation rounds"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-e",
        "--n-epochs",
        type=int,
        default=50,
        help="number of training epochs",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-d", "--dataset", type=str, required=True, help="dataset to use"
    )
    parser.add_argument("--l2norm", type=float, default=0, help="l2 norm coef")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use-self-loop",
        default=False,
        action="store_true",
        help="include self feature as a special relation",
    )
    fp = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
    fp.add_argument("--validation", dest="validation", action="store_true")
    fp.add_argument("--testing", dest="validation", action="store_false")
    parser.set_defaults(validation=True)

    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(args)
    args.bfs_level = args.n_layers + 1  # pruning used nodes for memory
    main(args)