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Google C++ Testing Framework
============================
https://github.com/google/googletest
Welcome to **Google Test**, Google's C++ test framework!
Overview
--------
This GitHub repository is a merger of the formerly separate GoogleTest and GoogleMock projects.
These were so closely related that it makes sense to maintain and release them together.
Google's framework for writing C++ tests on a variety of platforms
(Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc). Based on the
xUnit architecture. Supports automatic test discovery, a rich set of
assertions, user-defined assertions, death tests, fatal and non-fatal
failures, various options for running the tests, and XML test report
generation.
## GoogleTest ##
Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is
also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please
join us!
Based on the [XUnit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit) architecture.
Supports automatic test discovery, a rich set of assertions, user-defined
assertions, death tests, fatal and non-fatal failures, value- and
type-parameterized tests, various options for running the tests, and XML test
report generation.
Requirements for End Users
--------------------------
## Platforms ##
Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build
and use with your projects, but there are some. Currently, we support
Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Cygwin. We will also make our best
effort to support other platforms (e.g. Solaris, AIX, and z/OS).
However, since core members of the Google Test project have no access
to these platforms, Google Test may have outstanding issues there. If
you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
<googletestframework@googlegroups.com>. Patches for fixing them are
even more welcome!
Google test has been used on a variety of platforms:
### Linux Requirements ###
* Linux
* Mac OS X
* Windows
* Cygwin
* MinGW
* Windows Mobile
* Symbian
These are the base requirements to build and use Google Test from a source
package (as described below):
## Who Is Using Google Test? ##
* GNU-compatible Make or gmake
* POSIX-standard shell
* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
* A C++98-standard-compliant compiler
In addition to many internal projects at Google, Google Test is also used by
the following notable projects:
### Windows Requirements ###
* The [Chromium projects](http://www.chromium.org/) (behind the Chrome browser and Chrome OS)
* The [LLVM](http://llvm.org/) compiler
* [Protocol Buffers](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/) (Google's data interchange format)
* The [OpenCV](http://opencv.org/) computer vision library
* Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 or newer
## Google Test-related open source projects ##
### Cygwin Requirements ###
[Google Test UI](http://code.google.com/p/gtest-gbar/) is test runner that runs
your test binary, allows you to track its progress via a progress bar, and
displays a list of test failures. Clicking on one shows failure text. Google
Test UI is written in C#.
* Cygwin 1.5.25-14 or newer
[GTest TAP Listener](https://github.com/kinow/gtest-tap-listener) is an event
listener for Google Test that implements the
[TAP protocol](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Anything_Protocol) for test
result output. If your test runner understands TAP, you may find it useful.
### Mac OS X Requirements ###
## About Google Mock ##
* Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
* Developer Tools Installed
**Google Mock** is an extension to Google Test for writing and using C++ mock classes.
It is inspired by [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/), [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/),
and [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/), and designed with C++'s specifics in mind.
Also, you'll need [CMake](http://www.cmake.org/ CMake) 2.6.4 or higher if
you want to build the samples using the provided CMake script, regardless
of the platform.
Google mock:
Requirements for Contributors
-----------------------------
* lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros.
* supports a rich set of matchers and actions.
* handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations.
* is extensible by users.
We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
build Google Test and its own tests from a git checkout (described
below), which has further requirements:
We hope you find it useful!
* [Python](http://python.org/) version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
re-generating certain source files from templates)
* [CMake](http://www.cmake.org/) 2.6.4 or newer
## Using Google Mock Without Google Test ##
Google Mock is not a testing framework itself. Instead, it needs a
testing framework for writing tests. Google Mock works seamlessly
with [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), butj
you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](googlemock/ForDummies.md#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework).
Getting the Source
------------------
## Getting Started ##
Google Test's source is available from its GitHub repository at
<https://github.com/google/googletest>.
The GitHub repository offers stable tagged releases available as .ZIP archives.
A Git checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
packages on your system, but lets you track the latest development and
make patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user
documentation in the following order:
### Source Package ###
* Learn the [basics](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/Primer) of Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended).
* Read [Google Mock for Dummies](ForDummies.md).
* Read the instructions on how to [build Google Mock](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/README).
Snapshots of Google Test's master branch can be downloaded directly with GitHub's
"Download ZIP" button on the main page.
You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation.
Versioned releases are also available by clicking on
[Releases](releases) in the project page.
Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs:
### Git Checkout ###
* [CheatSheet](googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff at a glance.
* [CookBook](googlemock/docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done, including advanced techniques.
To check out the master branch of Google Test, run the following git command:
If you need help, please check the [KnownIssues](googlemock/docs/KnownIssues.md) and
[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](googlemock/docs/frequentlyaskedquestions.md) before
posting a question on the [googlemock discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git (via HTTPS)
We'd love to have your help! Please read the Developer Guides if you are willing to contribute to the development.
Setting up the Build
--------------------
To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
straightforward.
### Generic Build Instructions ###
Suppose you put Google Test in directory `${GTEST_DIR}`. To build it,
create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
and Xcode) to compile
${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
with `${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path and `${GTEST_DIR}`
in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
ar -rv libgtest.a gtest-all.o
(We need `-pthread` as Google Test uses threads.)
Next, you should compile your test source file with
`${GTEST_DIR}/include` in the system header search path, and link it
with gtest and any other necessary libraries:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
-o your_test
As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available
(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
Test's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and
a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
script.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
following commands should succeed:
cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
make
./sample1_unittest
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of `make/Makefile` to make
them go away. There are instructions in `make/Makefile` on how to do
it.
### Using CMake ###
Google Test comes with a CMake build script (
[CMakeLists.txt](master/CMakeLists.txt)) that can be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for
cross-platform.). If you don't have CMake installed already, you can
download it for free from <http://www.cmake.org/>.
CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can
be used in the compiler environment of your choice. The typical
workflow starts with:
mkdir mybuild # Create a directory to hold the build output.
cd mybuild
cmake ${GTEST_DIR} # Generate native build scripts.
If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the
last command with
cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
If you are on a \*nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the
current directory. Just type 'make' to build gtest.
If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a `gtest.sln` file
and several `.vcproj` files will be created. You can then build them
using Visual Studio.
On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a `.xcodeproj` file will be generated.
### Legacy Build Scripts ###
Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools. While we
continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively
maintained any more. We highly recommend that you follow the
instructions in the previous two sections to integrate Google Test
with your existing build system.
If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects.
Open the `gtest.sln` or `gtest-md.sln` file using Visual Studio, and you
are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual
Studio project. Files that have names ending with -md use DLL
versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler
option). Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime
libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option). Please note that one must use
the same option to compile both gtest and the test code. If you use
Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is
the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
On Mac OS X, open the `gtest.xcodeproj` in the `xcode/` folder using
Xcode. Build the "gtest" target. The universal binary framework will
end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode
"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build).
Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
xcodebuild
This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your
default build location. See the "xcodebuild" man page for more
information about building different configurations and building in
different locations.
If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and
above, you need to either:
* update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
Comment options `SDKROOT`, `MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`, and `GCC_VERSION`. If
you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions
of MacOS X.
* Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be
supported by Apple, but has been reported to work
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
Tweaking Google Test
--------------------
Google Test can be used in diverse environments. The default
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Test by
defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
see file [include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1)
tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers. The
good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's
enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the
compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
uses. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to
tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your
project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash. To do
that, add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests. If
you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
to the compiler flags instead.
If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
-DGTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=0
and all features using tuple will be disabled.
### Multi-threaded Tests ###
Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available.
After `#include "gtest/gtest.h"`, you can check the `GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE`
macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is `#defined` to
1, no if it's undefined.).
If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available
in your environment, you can force it with
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
or
-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your
compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get
link errors. If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools
script, this is taken care of for you. If you use your own build
script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to
figure out what flags to add.
### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a
static library for the simplicity. You can choose to use Google Test
as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
-DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
to the compiler flags. You'll also need to tell the linker to produce
a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do
it.
To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
-DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
to the compiler flags.
Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when
using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the
future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see
<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are
recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a
shared library. Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break
your build script.
### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ###
In C++, macros don't obey namespaces. Therefore two libraries that
both define a macro of the same name will clash if you #include both
definitions. In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
conflict.
Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
FOO, you can add
-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
from `FOO` to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`,
or `TEST`. For example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll
need to write
GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
instead of
TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
in order to define a test.
Upgrating from an Earlier Version
---------------------------------
We strive to keep Google Test releases backward compatible.
Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to
do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Test.
### Upgrading from 1.3.0 or Earlier ###
You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
tuple library. See the instructions in section "Choosing a TR1 Tuple
Library".
### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
The Autotools build script (configure + make) is no longer officially
supportted. You are encouraged to migrate to your own build system or
use CMake. If you still need to use Autotools, you can find
instructions in the README file from Google Test 1.4.0.
On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test uses
it in order to be thread-safe. See the "Multi-threaded Tests" section
for what this means to your build script.
If you use Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled, Google
Test will no longer compile. This should affect very few people, as a
large portion of STL (including <string>) doesn't compile in this mode
anyway. We decided to stop supporting it in order to greatly simplify
Google Test's implementation.
Developing Google Test
----------------------
This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
### Testing Google Test Itself ###
To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
For that you can use CMake:
mkdir mybuild
cd mybuild
cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
are written in Python. If the cmake command complains about not being
able to find Python (`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it explicitly where your Python
executable can be found:
cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests. On \*nix,
this is usually done by 'make'. To run the tests, do
make test
All tests should pass.
### Regenerating Source Files ###
Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not
in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump,
where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the
file include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate
gtest-type-util.h in the same directory.
Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
unless you need to modify them. In that case, you should modify the
corresponding .pump files instead and run the pump.py Python script to
regenerate them. You can find pump.py in the [scripts/](scripts/) directory.
Read the [Pump manual](docs/PumpManual.md) for how to use it.
### Contributing a Patch ###
We welcome patches. Please read the
[Google Test developer's guide](docs/DevGuide.md)
for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed
the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
patch.
Happy testing!
Happy mocking!
Google's framework for writing C++ tests on a variety of platforms
(Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Cygwin, Windows CE, and Symbian). Based on
the xUnit architecture. Supports automatic test discovery, a rich set
of assertions, user-defined assertions, death tests, fatal and
non-fatal failures, value- and type-parameterized tests, various
options for running the tests, and XML test report generation.
## Getting Started ##
After downloading Google Test, unpack it, read the README file and the documentation wiki pages (listed on the right side of this front page).
## Who Is Using Google Test? ##
In addition to many internal projects at Google, Google Test is also used by
the following notable projects:
* The [Chromium projects](http://www.chromium.org/) (behind the Chrome browser and Chrome OS)
* The [LLVM](http://llvm.org/) compiler
* [Protocol Buffers](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/) (Google's data interchange format)
* The [OpenCV](http://opencv.org/) computer vision library
If you know of a project that's using Google Test and want it to be listed here, please let
`googletestframework@googlegroups.com` know.
## Google Test-related open source projects ##
[Google Test UI](http://code.google.com/p/gtest-gbar/) is test runner that runs your test binary, allows you to track its progress via a progress bar, and displays a list of test failures. Clicking on one shows failure text. Google Test UI is written in C#.
[GTest TAP Listener](https://github.com/kinow/gtest-tap-listener) is an event listener for Google Test that implements the [TAP protocol](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Anything_Protocol) for test result output. If your test runner understands TAP, you may find it useful.
\ No newline at end of file
Changes for 1.7.0:
* All new improvements in Google Test 1.7.0.
* New feature: matchers DoubleNear(), FloatNear(),
NanSensitiveDoubleNear(), NanSensitiveFloatNear(),
UnorderedElementsAre(), UnorderedElementsAreArray(), WhenSorted(),
WhenSortedBy(), IsEmpty(), and SizeIs().
* Improvement: Google Mock can now be built as a DLL.
* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers AllOf()
and AnyOf() can accept an arbitrary number of matchers.
* Improvement: when compiled by a C++11 compiler, matchers
ElementsAreArray() can accept an initializer list.
* Improvement: when exceptions are enabled, a mock method with no
default action now throws instead crashing the test.
* Improvement: added class testing::StringMatchResultListener to aid
definition of composite matchers.
* Improvement: function return types used in MOCK_METHOD*() macros can
now contain unprotected commas.
* Improvement (potentially breaking): EXPECT_THAT() and ASSERT_THAT()
are now more strict in ensuring that the value type and the matcher
type are compatible, catching potential bugs in tests.
* Improvement: Pointee() now works on an optional<T>.
* Improvement: the ElementsAreArray() matcher can now take a vector or
iterator range as input, and makes a copy of its input elements
before the conversion to a Matcher.
* Improvement: the Google Mock Generator can now generate mocks for
some class templates.
* Bug fix: mock object destruction triggerred by another mock object's
destruction no longer hangs.
* Improvement: Google Mock Doctor works better with newer Clang and
GCC now.
* Compatibility fixes.
* Bug/warning fixes.
Changes for 1.6.0:
* Compilation is much faster and uses much less memory, especially
when the constructor and destructor of a mock class are moved out of
the class body.
* New matchers: Pointwise(), Each().
* New actions: ReturnPointee() and ReturnRefOfCopy().
* CMake support.
* Project files for Visual Studio 2010.
* AllOf() and AnyOf() can handle up-to 10 arguments now.
* Google Mock doctor understands Clang error messages now.
* SetArgPointee<> now accepts string literals.
* gmock_gen.py handles storage specifier macros and template return
types now.
* Compatibility fixes.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install'
command in autotools.
Potentially breaking changes:
* The description string for MATCHER*() changes from Python-style
interpolation to an ordinary C++ string expression.
* SetArgumentPointee is deprecated in favor of SetArgPointee.
* Some non-essential project files for Visual Studio 2005 are removed.
Changes for 1.5.0:
* New feature: Google Mock can be safely used in multi-threaded tests
on platforms having pthreads.
* New feature: function for printing a value of arbitrary type.
* New feature: function ExplainMatchResult() for easy definition of
composite matchers.
* The new matcher API lets user-defined matchers generate custom
explanations more directly and efficiently.
* Better failure messages all around.
* NotNull() and IsNull() now work with smart pointers.
* Field() and Property() now work when the matcher argument is a pointer
passed by reference.
* Regular expression matchers on all platforms.
* Added GCC 4.0 support for Google Mock Doctor.
* Added gmock_all_test.cc for compiling most Google Mock tests
in a single file.
* Significantly cleaned up compiler warnings.
* Bug fixes, better test coverage, and implementation clean-ups.
Potentially breaking changes:
* Custom matchers defined using MatcherInterface or MakePolymorphicMatcher()
need to be updated after upgrading to Google Mock 1.5.0; matchers defined
using MATCHER or MATCHER_P* aren't affected.
* Dropped support for 'make install'.
Changes for 1.4.0 (we skipped 1.2.* and 1.3.* to match the version of
Google Test):
* Works in more environments: Symbian and minGW, Visual C++ 7.1.
* Lighter weight: comes with our own implementation of TR1 tuple (no
more dependency on Boost!).
* New feature: --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks for detecting leaked mocks.
* New feature: ACTION_TEMPLATE for defining templatized actions.
* New feature: the .After() clause for specifying expectation order.
* New feature: the .With() clause for for specifying inter-argument
constraints.
* New feature: actions ReturnArg<k>(), ReturnNew<T>(...), and
DeleteArg<k>().
* New feature: matchers Key(), Pair(), Args<...>(), AllArgs(), IsNull(),
and Contains().
* New feature: utility class MockFunction<F>, useful for checkpoints, etc.
* New feature: functions Value(x, m) and SafeMatcherCast<T>(m).
* New feature: copying a mock object is rejected at compile time.
* New feature: a script for fusing all Google Mock and Google Test
source files for easy deployment.
* Improved the Google Mock doctor to diagnose more diseases.
* Improved the Google Mock generator script.
* Compatibility fixes for Mac OS X and gcc.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
Changes for 1.1.0:
* New feature: ability to use Google Mock with any testing framework.
* New feature: macros for easily defining new matchers
* New feature: macros for easily defining new actions.
* New feature: more container matchers.
* New feature: actions for accessing function arguments and throwing
exceptions.
* Improved the Google Mock doctor script for diagnosing compiler errors.
* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
Changes for 1.0.0:
* Initial Open Source release of Google Mock
########################################################################
# CMake build script for Google Mock.
#
# To run the tests for Google Mock itself on Linux, use 'make test' or
# ctest. You can select which tests to run using 'ctest -R regex'.
# For more options, run 'ctest --help'.
# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to
# make it prominent in the GUI.
option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (DLLs)." OFF)
option(gmock_build_tests "Build all of Google Mock's own tests." OFF)
# A directory to find Google Test sources.
if (EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gtest/CMakeLists.txt")
set(gtest_dir gtest)
else()
set(gtest_dir ../gtest)
endif()
# Defines pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build() and set_up_hermetic_build().
include("${gtest_dir}/cmake/hermetic_build.cmake" OPTIONAL)
if (COMMAND pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build)
# Google Test also calls hermetic setup functions from add_subdirectory,
# although its changes will not affect things at the current scope.
pre_project_set_up_hermetic_build()
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Project-wide settings
# Name of the project.
#
# CMake files in this project can refer to the root source directory
# as ${gmock_SOURCE_DIR} and to the root binary directory as
# ${gmock_BINARY_DIR}.
# Language "C" is required for find_package(Threads).
project(gmock CXX C)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2)
if (COMMAND set_up_hermetic_build)
set_up_hermetic_build()
endif()
# Instructs CMake to process Google Test's CMakeLists.txt and add its
# targets to the current scope. We are placing Google Test's binary
# directory in a subdirectory of our own as VC compilation may break
# if they are the same (the default).
add_subdirectory("${gtest_dir}" "${gmock_BINARY_DIR}/gtest")
# Although Google Test's CMakeLists.txt calls this function, the
# changes there don't affect the current scope. Therefore we have to
# call it again here.
config_compiler_and_linker() # from ${gtest_dir}/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
# Adds Google Mock's and Google Test's header directories to the search path.
include_directories("${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}/include"
"${gmock_SOURCE_DIR}"
"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}/include"
# This directory is needed to build directly from Google
# Test sources.
"${gtest_SOURCE_DIR}")
# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio:
# Compiler version(MS) version(cmake) Support
# ---------- ----------- -------------- -----------------------------
# <= VS 2010 <= 10 <= 1600 Use Google Tests's own tuple.
# VS 2012 11 1700 std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10
# VS 2013 12 1800 std::tr1::tuple
if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10)
endif()
########################################################################
#
# Defines the gmock & gmock_main libraries. User tests should link
# with one of them.
# Google Mock libraries. We build them using more strict warnings than what
# are used for other targets, to ensure that Google Mock can be compiled by
# a user aggressive about warnings.
cxx_library(gmock
"${cxx_strict}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc"
src/gmock-all.cc)
cxx_library(gmock_main
"${cxx_strict}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc"
src/gmock-all.cc
src/gmock_main.cc)
########################################################################
#
# Google Mock's own tests.
#
# You can skip this section if you aren't interested in testing
# Google Mock itself.
#
# The tests are not built by default. To build them, set the
# gmock_build_tests option to ON. You can do it by running ccmake
# or specifying the -Dgmock_build_tests=ON flag when running cmake.
if (gmock_build_tests)
# This must be set in the root directory for the tests to be run by
# 'make test' or ctest.
enable_testing()
############################################################
# C++ tests built with standard compiler flags.
cxx_test(gmock-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-cardinalities_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock_ex_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-function-mockers_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-internal-utils_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-generated-matchers_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-internal-utils_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-matchers_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-more-actions_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-nice-strict_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-port_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock-spec-builders_test gmock_main)
cxx_test(gmock_link_test gmock_main test/gmock_link2_test.cc)
cxx_test(gmock_test gmock_main)
if (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT)
cxx_test(gmock_stress_test gmock)
endif()
# gmock_all_test is commented to save time building and running tests.
# Uncomment if necessary.
# cxx_test(gmock_all_test gmock_main)
############################################################
# C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
cxx_library(gmock_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600) # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010.
# Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that
# conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not
# work on those compilers.
cxx_library(gmock_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gmock_use_own_tuple_test "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
gmock_main_use_own_tuple test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc)
endif()
cxx_test_with_flags(gmock-more-actions_no_exception_test "${cxx_no_exception}"
gmock_main_no_exception test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc)
cxx_test_with_flags(gmock_no_rtti_test "${cxx_no_rtti}"
gmock_main_no_rtti test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc)
cxx_shared_library(shared_gmock_main "${cxx_default}"
"${gtest_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc" src/gmock-all.cc src/gmock_main.cc)
# Tests that a binary can be built with Google Mock as a shared library. On
# some system configurations, it may not possible to run the binary without
# knowing more details about the system configurations. We do not try to run
# this binary. To get a more robust shared library coverage, configure with
# -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON.
cxx_executable_with_flags(shared_gmock_test_ "${cxx_default}"
shared_gmock_main test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc)
set_target_properties(shared_gmock_test_
PROPERTIES
COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
############################################################
# Python tests.
cxx_executable(gmock_leak_test_ test gmock_main)
py_test(gmock_leak_test)
cxx_executable(gmock_output_test_ test gmock)
py_test(gmock_output_test)
endif()
# This file contains a list of people who've made non-trivial
# contribution to the Google C++ Mocking Framework project. People
# who commit code to the project are encouraged to add their names
# here. Please keep the list sorted by first names.
Benoit Sigoure <tsuna@google.com>
Bogdan Piloca <boo@google.com>
Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@google.com>
Dave MacLachlan <dmaclach@gmail.com>
David Anderson <danderson@google.com>
Dean Sturtevant
Gene Volovich <gv@cite.com>
Hal Burch <gmock@hburch.com>
Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
Jim Keller <jimkeller@google.com>
Joe Walnes <joe@truemesh.com>
Jon Wray <jwray@google.com>
Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
Keith Ray <keith.ray@gmail.com>
Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Lev Makhlis
Manuel Klimek <klimek@google.com>
Mario Tanev <radix@google.com>
Mark Paskin
Markus Heule <markus.heule@gmail.com>
Matthew Simmons <simmonmt@acm.org>
Mike Bland <mbland@google.com>
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
Nermin Ozkiranartli <nermin@google.com>
Owen Carlsen <ocarlsen@google.com>
Paneendra Ba <paneendra@google.com>
Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Piotr Kaminski <piotrk@google.com>
Russ Rufer <russ@pentad.com>
Sverre Sundsdal <sundsdal@gmail.com>
Takeshi Yoshino <tyoshino@google.com>
Vadim Berman <vadimb@google.com>
Vlad Losev <vladl@google.com>
Wolfgang Klier <wklier@google.com>
Zhanyong Wan <wan@google.com>
# Automake file
# Nonstandard package files for distribution.
EXTRA_DIST = LICENSE
# We may need to build our internally packaged gtest. If so, it will be
# included in the 'subdirs' variable.
SUBDIRS = $(subdirs)
# This is generated by the configure script, so clean it for distribution.
DISTCLEANFILES = scripts/gmock-config
# We define the global AM_CPPFLAGS as everything we compile includes from these
# directories.
AM_CPPFLAGS = $(GTEST_CPPFLAGS) -I$(srcdir)/include
# Modifies compiler and linker flags for pthreads compatibility.
if HAVE_PTHREADS
AM_CXXFLAGS = @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@ -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
AM_LIBS = @PTHREAD_LIBS@
endif
# Build rules for libraries.
lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib/libgmock.la lib/libgmock_main.la
lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES = src/gmock-all.cc
pkginclude_HEADERS = \
include/gmock/gmock-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-cardinalities.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h \
include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h \
include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h \
include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h \
include/gmock/gmock.h
pkginclude_internaldir = $(pkgincludedir)/internal
pkginclude_internal_HEADERS = \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES = src/gmock_main.cc
lib_libgmock_main_la_LIBADD = lib/libgmock.la
# Build rules for tests. Automake's naming for some of these variables isn't
# terribly obvious, so this is a brief reference:
#
# TESTS -- Programs run automatically by "make check"
# check_PROGRAMS -- Programs built by "make check" but not necessarily run
TESTS=
check_PROGRAMS=
AM_LDFLAGS = $(GTEST_LDFLAGS)
# This exercises all major components of Google Mock. It also
# verifies that libgmock works.
TESTS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock-spec-builders_test
test_gmock_spec_builders_test_SOURCES = test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
test_gmock_spec_builders_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock.la
# This tests using Google Mock in multiple translation units. It also
# verifies that libgmock_main and libgmock work.
TESTS += test/gmock_link_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_link_test
test_gmock_link_test_SOURCES = \
test/gmock_link2_test.cc \
test/gmock_link_test.cc \
test/gmock_link_test.h
test_gmock_link_test_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS) lib/libgmock_main.la lib/libgmock.la
if HAVE_PYTHON
# Tests that fused gmock files compile and work.
TESTS += test/gmock_fused_test
check_PROGRAMS += test/gmock_fused_test
test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES = \
fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc \
fused-src/gmock/gmock.h \
fused-src/gmock_main.cc \
fused-src/gtest/gtest.h \
test/gmock_test.cc
test_gmock_fused_test_CPPFLAGS = -I"$(srcdir)/fused-src"
endif
# Google Mock source files that we don't compile directly.
GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES = \
src/gmock-cardinalities.cc \
src/gmock-internal-utils.cc \
src/gmock-matchers.cc \
src/gmock-spec-builders.cc \
src/gmock.cc
EXTRA_DIST += $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES)
# C++ tests that we don't compile using autotools.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gmock-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock_all_test.cc \
test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc \
test/gmock_ex_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc \
test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc \
test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc \
test/gmock-matchers_test.cc \
test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc \
test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc \
test/gmock-port_test.cc \
test/gmock_stress_test.cc
# Python tests, which we don't run using autotools.
EXTRA_DIST += \
test/gmock_leak_test.py \
test/gmock_leak_test_.cc \
test/gmock_output_test.py \
test/gmock_output_test_.cc \
test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt \
test/gmock_test_utils.py
# Nonstandard package files for distribution.
EXTRA_DIST += \
CHANGES \
CONTRIBUTORS \
make/Makefile
# Pump scripts for generating Google Mock headers.
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): automate the generation of *.h from *.h.pump.
EXTRA_DIST += \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-function-mockers.h.pump \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h.pump \
include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump \
include/gmock/internal/gmock-generated-internal-utils.h.pump
# Script for fusing Google Mock and Google Test source files.
EXTRA_DIST += scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py
# The Google Mock Generator tool from the cppclean project.
EXTRA_DIST += \
scripts/generator/LICENSE \
scripts/generator/README \
scripts/generator/README.cppclean \
scripts/generator/cpp/__init__.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/ast.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/gmock_class.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/keywords.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/tokenize.py \
scripts/generator/cpp/utils.py \
scripts/generator/gmock_gen.py
# Script for diagnosing compiler errors in programs that use Google
# Mock.
EXTRA_DIST += scripts/gmock_doctor.py
# CMake scripts.
EXTRA_DIST += \
CMakeLists.txt
# Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 projects.
EXTRA_DIST += \
msvc/2005/gmock.sln \
msvc/2005/gmock.vcproj \
msvc/2005/gmock_config.vsprops \
msvc/2005/gmock_main.vcproj \
msvc/2005/gmock_test.vcproj
# Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 projects.
EXTRA_DIST += \
msvc/2010/gmock.sln \
msvc/2010/gmock.vcxproj \
msvc/2010/gmock_config.props \
msvc/2010/gmock_main.vcxproj \
msvc/2010/gmock_test.vcxproj
if HAVE_PYTHON
# gmock_test.cc does not really depend on files generated by the
# fused-gmock-internal rule. However, gmock_test.o does, and it is
# important to include test/gmock_test.cc as part of this rule in order to
# prevent compiling gmock_test.o until all dependent files have been
# generated.
$(test_gmock_fused_test_SOURCES): fused-gmock-internal
# TODO(vladl@google.com): Find a way to add Google Tests's sources here.
fused-gmock-internal: $(pkginclude_HEADERS) $(pkginclude_internal_HEADERS) \
$(lib_libgmock_la_SOURCES) $(GMOCK_SOURCE_INGLUDES) \
$(lib_libgmock_main_la_SOURCES) \
scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py
mkdir -p "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
chmod -R u+w "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gtest/gtest.h"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock/gmock.h"
rm -f "$(srcdir)/fused-src/gmock-gtest-all.cc"
"$(srcdir)/scripts/fuse_gmock_files.py" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
cp -f "$(srcdir)/src/gmock_main.cc" "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
maintainer-clean-local:
rm -rf "$(srcdir)/fused-src"
endif
# Death tests may produce core dumps in the build directory. In case
# this happens, clean them to keep distcleancheck happy.
CLEANFILES = core
# Disables 'make install' as installing a compiled version of Google
# Mock can lead to undefined behavior due to violation of the
# One-Definition Rule.
install-exec-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system."
false
install-data-local:
echo "'make install' is dangerous and not supported. Instead, see README for how to integrate Google Mock into your build system."
false
Google C++ Mocking Framework
============================
<http://github.com/google/googlemock/>
Overview
--------
Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on a variety
of platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc).
Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and designed with C++'s
specifics in mind, it can help you derive better designs of your
system and write better tests.
Google Mock:
- provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks,
- can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
and mock objects,
- handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions,
- comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments,
- uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock,
- does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay
needed),
- allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
function calls to be expressed,
- lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
- does not use exceptions, and
- is easy to learn and use.
Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is
also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please
join us!
Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the [cppclean
project](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache
License, which is different from Google Mock's license.
Requirements for End Users
--------------------------
Google Mock is implemented on top of the [Google Test C++ testing
framework](http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.
You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock, or
you may get compiler/linker errors.
You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
framework of your choice; although it will still need Google Test as
an internal dependency. Please read
<http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework>
for how to do it.
Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:
### Linux Requirements ###
These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source
package (as described below):
* GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
* POSIX-standard shell
* POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
* C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)
### Windows Requirements ###
* Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
### Mac OS X Requirements ###
* Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
* Developer Tools Installed
Requirements for Contributors
-----------------------------
We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
build Google Mock and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described
below), which has further requirements:
* Automake version 1.9 or newer
* Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
* Libtool / Libtoolize
* Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
re-generating certain source files from templates)
Getting the Source
------------------
There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you
can download a [stable source release](releases),
or directly check out the source from our Git repository.
The Git checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
packages on your system, but lets you track development and make
patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
### Git Checkout ###
To check out the master branch of Google Mock, run the following git command:
git clone https://github.com/google/googlemock.git
If you are using a \*nix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build
system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to
configure it now. Otherwise you are done with getting the source
files.
To prepare the Autotools build system, enter the target directory of
the checkout command you used ('gmock-svn') and proceed with the
following command:
autoreconf -fvi
Once you have completed this step, you are ready to build the library.
Note that you should only need to complete this step once. The
subsequent 'make' invocations will automatically re-generate the bits
of the build system that need to be changed.
If your system uses older versions of the autotools, the above command
will fail. You may need to explicitly specify a version to use. For
instance, if you have both GNU Automake 1.4 and 1.9 installed and
'automake' would invoke the 1.4, use instead:
AUTOMAKE=automake-1.9 ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.9 autoreconf -fvi
Make sure you're using the same version of automake and aclocal.
Setting up the Build
--------------------
To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
straightforward.
### Generic Build Instructions ###
This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your
existing build system.
Suppose you put Google Mock in directory ${GMOCK\_DIR} and Google Test
in ${GTEST\_DIR} (the latter is ${GMOCK\_DIR}/gtest by default). To
build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as
called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile
${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
with
${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include
in the system header search path, and
${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR}
in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
something like the following will do:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
-isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
-pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.)
Next, you should compile your test source file with
${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search
path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:
g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
-pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available
(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and
a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
script.
If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
following commands should succeed:
cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make
make
./gmock_test
If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of [make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away.
### Windows ###
The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010
directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and
selected tests.
Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to
build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).
If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll
have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet. For that:
* Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)
* Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."
* Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it.
* In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional
Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include.
Tweaking Google Mock
--------------------
Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](
../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library
heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all
compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a
subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock
will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't
provide TR1 tuple.
Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple,
you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple
library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple
implementations will clash. To do that, add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and
your tests. If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use
their own tuple library, just add
-DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
to the compiler flags instead.
If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please
refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain
it and set it up.
### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See
[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]
for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.
### Tweaking Google Mock ###
Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.
Upgrading from an Earlier Version
---------------------------------
We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to
do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.
### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ###
You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
tuple library. See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple
Library](../googletest/#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".
### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you
may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the
"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest#multi-threaded-tests
)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.
If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or
`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to
use the new matcher API (
[monomorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers),
[polymorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers)).
Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.
Developing Google Mock
----------------------
This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock.
### Testing Google Mock Itself ###
To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
For that you'll need Autotools. First, make sure you have followed
the instructions in section "SVN Checkout" to configure Google Mock.
Then, create a build output directory and enter it. Next,
${GMOCK_DIR}/configure # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info
Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are
standard for GNU-style OSS packages.
make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions
make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass.
Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building
against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test
separately.
### Regenerating Source Files ###
Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not
in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump,
where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the
file `include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump` is used to generate
`gmock-generated-actions.h` in the same directory.
Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
unless you need to modify them. In that case, you should modify the
corresponding `.pump` files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump
is Useful for Meta Programming) to regenerate them. You can find
pump.py in the `${GTEST_DIR}/scripts/` directory. Read the
[Pump manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual)
for how to use it.
### Contributing a Patch ###
We welcome patches. Please read the [Google Mock developer's Guide](
http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/DevGuide)
for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed
the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
patch.
Happy testing!
[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/ "googletest"
m4_include(gtest/m4/acx_pthread.m4)
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[1.7.0],
[googlemock@googlegroups.com],
[gmock])
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AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([build-aux/config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([scripts/gmock-config], [chmod +x scripts/gmock-config])
# Initialize Automake with various options. We require at least v1.9, prevent
# pedantic complaints about package files, and enable various distribution
# targets.
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 dist-bzip2 dist-zip foreign subdir-objects])
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AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_CXX
AC_LANG([C++])
AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com): Currently we aren't running the Python tests
# against the interpreter detected by AM_PATH_PYTHON, and so we condition
# HAVE_PYTHON by requiring "python" to be in the PATH, and that interpreter's
# version to be >= 2.3. This will allow the scripts to use a "/usr/bin/env"
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# running its own test suite, so we both provide our own version in
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# installed version.
AC_ARG_WITH([gtest],
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[Specifies how to find the gtest package. If no
arguments are given, the default behavior, a
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and an internal version built otherwise. If a
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that prefix will be used.])],
[],
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Support for GoogleTest was explicitly disabled. Currently GoogleMock has a hard
dependency upon GoogleTest to build, please provide a version, or allow
GoogleMock to use any installed version and fall back upon its internal
version.])])
# Setup various GTEST variables. TODO(chandlerc@google.com): When these are
# used below, they should be used such that any pre-existing values always
# trump values we set them to, so that they can be used to selectively override
# details of the detection process.
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CONFIG],
[The exact path of Google Test's 'gtest-config' script.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CPPFLAGS],
[C-like preprocessor flags for Google Test.])
AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_CXXFLAGS],
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AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LDFLAGS],
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AC_ARG_VAR([GTEST_LIBS],
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[AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS([gtest])
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GTEST_CPPFLAGS='-I$(top_srcdir)/gtest/include'
GTEST_CXXFLAGS='-g'
GTEST_LDFLAGS=''
GTEST_LIBS='$(top_builddir)/gtest/lib/libgtest.la'
GTEST_VERSION="${GTEST_MIN_VERSION}"])
# TODO(chandlerc@google.com) Check the types, structures, and other compiler
# and architecture characteristics.
# Output the generated files. No further autoconf macros may be used.
AC_OUTPUT
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This page discusses the design of new Google Mock features.
# Macros for Defining Actions #
## Problem ##
Due to the lack of closures in C++, it currently requires some
non-trivial effort to define a custom action in Google Mock. For
example, suppose you want to "increment the value pointed to by the
second argument of the mock function and return it", you could write:
```
int IncrementArg1(Unused, int* p, Unused) {
return ++(*p);
}
... WillOnce(Invoke(IncrementArg1));
```
There are several things unsatisfactory about this approach:
* Even though the action only cares about the second argument of the mock function, its definition needs to list other arguments as dummies. This is tedious.
* The defined action is usable only in mock functions that takes exactly 3 arguments - an unnecessary restriction.
* To use the action, one has to say `Invoke(IncrementArg1)`, which isn't as nice as `IncrementArg1()`.
The latter two problems can be overcome using `MakePolymorphicAction()`,
but it requires much more boilerplate code:
```
class IncrementArg1Action {
public:
template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
return ++(*tr1::get<1>(args));
}
};
PolymorphicAction<IncrementArg1Action> IncrementArg1() {
return MakePolymorphicAction(IncrementArg1Action());
}
... WillOnce(IncrementArg1());
```
Our goal is to allow defining custom actions with the least amount of
boiler-plate C++ requires.
## Solution ##
We propose to introduce a new macro:
```
ACTION(name) { statements; }
```
Using this in a namespace scope will define an action with the given
name that executes the statements. Inside the statements, you can
refer to the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function as `argK`.
For example:
```
ACTION(IncrementArg1) { return ++(*arg1); }
```
allows you to write
```
... WillOnce(IncrementArg1());
```
Note that you don't need to specify the types of the mock function
arguments, as brevity is a top design goal here. Rest assured that
your code is still type-safe though: you'll get a compiler error if
`*arg1` doesn't support the `++` operator, or if the type of
`++(*arg1)` isn't compatible with the mock function's return type.
Another example:
```
ACTION(Foo) {
(*arg2)(5);
Blah();
*arg1 = 0;
return arg0;
}
```
defines an action `Foo()` that invokes argument #2 (a function pointer)
with 5, calls function `Blah()`, sets the value pointed to by argument
#1 to 0, and returns argument #0.
For more convenience and flexibility, you can also use the following
pre-defined symbols in the body of `ACTION`:
| `argK_type` | The type of the K-th (0-based) argument of the mock function |
|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------|
| `args` | All arguments of the mock function as a tuple |
| `args_type` | The type of all arguments of the mock function as a tuple |
| `return_type` | The return type of the mock function |
| `function_type` | The type of the mock function |
For example, when using an `ACTION` as a stub action for mock function:
```
int DoSomething(bool flag, int* ptr);
```
we have:
| **Pre-defined Symbol** | **Is Bound To** |
|:-----------------------|:----------------|
| `arg0` | the value of `flag` |
| `arg0_type` | the type `bool` |
| `arg1` | the value of `ptr` |
| `arg1_type` | the type `int*` |
| `args` | the tuple `(flag, ptr)` |
| `args_type` | the type `std::tr1::tuple<bool, int*>` |
| `return_type` | the type `int` |
| `function_type` | the type `int(bool, int*)` |
## Parameterized actions ##
Sometimes you'll want to parameterize the action. For that we propose
another macro
```
ACTION_P(name, param) { statements; }
```
For example,
```
ACTION_P(Add, n) { return arg0 + n; }
```
will allow you to write
```
// Returns argument #0 + 5.
... WillOnce(Add(5));
```
For convenience, we use the term _arguments_ for the values used to
invoke the mock function, and the term _parameters_ for the values
used to instantiate an action.
Note that you don't need to provide the type of the parameter either.
Suppose the parameter is named `param`, you can also use the
Google-Mock-defined symbol `param_type` to refer to the type of the
parameter as inferred by the compiler.
We will also provide `ACTION_P2`, `ACTION_P3`, and etc to support
multi-parameter actions. For example,
```
ACTION_P2(ReturnDistanceTo, x, y) {
double dx = arg0 - x;
double dy = arg1 - y;
return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
}
```
lets you write
```
... WillOnce(ReturnDistanceTo(5.0, 26.5));
```
You can view `ACTION` as a degenerated parameterized action where the
number of parameters is 0.
## Advanced Usages ##
### Overloading Actions ###
You can easily define actions overloaded on the number of parameters:
```
ACTION_P(Plus, a) { ... }
ACTION_P2(Plus, a, b) { ... }
```
### Restricting the Type of an Argument or Parameter ###
For maximum brevity and reusability, the `ACTION*` macros don't let
you specify the types of the mock function arguments and the action
parameters. Instead, we let the compiler infer the types for us.
Sometimes, however, we may want to be more explicit about the types.
There are several tricks to do that. For example:
```
ACTION(Foo) {
// Makes sure arg0 can be converted to int.
int n = arg0;
... use n instead of arg0 here ...
}
ACTION_P(Bar, param) {
// Makes sure the type of arg1 is const char*.
::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<const char*, arg1_type>();
// Makes sure param can be converted to bool.
bool flag = param;
}
```
where `StaticAssertTypeEq` is a compile-time assertion we plan to add to
Google Test (the name is chosen to match `static_assert` in C++0x).
### Using the ACTION Object's Type ###
If you are writing a function that returns an `ACTION` object, you'll
need to know its type. The type depends on the macro used to define
the action and the parameter types. The rule is relatively simple:
| **Given Definition** | **Expression** | **Has Type** |
|:---------------------|:---------------|:-------------|
| `ACTION(Foo)` | `Foo()` | `FooAction` |
| `ACTION_P(Bar, param)` | `Bar(int_value)` | `BarActionP<int>` |
| `ACTION_P2(Baz, p1, p2)` | `Baz(bool_value, int_value)` | `BazActionP2<bool, int>` |
| ... | ... | ... |
Note that we have to pick different suffixes (`Action`, `ActionP`,
`ActionP2`, and etc) for actions with different numbers of parameters,
or the action definitions cannot be overloaded on the number of
parameters.
## When to Use ##
While the new macros are very convenient, please also consider other
means of implementing actions (e.g. via `ActionInterface` or
`MakePolymorphicAction()`), especially if you need to use the defined
action a lot. While the other approaches require more work, they give
you more control on the types of the mock function arguments and the
action parameters, which in general leads to better compiler error
messages that pay off in the long run. They also allow overloading
actions based on parameter types, as opposed to just the number of
parameters.
## Related Work ##
As you may have realized, the `ACTION*` macros resemble closures (also
known as lambda expressions or anonymous functions). Indeed, both of
them seek to lower the syntactic overhead for defining a function.
C++0x will support lambdas, but they are not part of C++ right now.
Some non-standard libraries (most notably BLL or Boost Lambda Library)
try to alleviate this problem. However, they are not a good choice
for defining actions as:
* They are non-standard and not widely installed. Google Mock only depends on standard libraries and `tr1::tuple`, which is part of the new C++ standard and comes with gcc 4+. We want to keep it that way.
* They are not trivial to learn.
* They will become obsolete when C++0x's lambda feature is widely supported. We don't want to make our users use a dying library.
* Since they are based on operators, they are rather ad hoc: you cannot use statements, and you cannot pass the lambda arguments to a function, for example.
* They have subtle semantics that easily confuses new users. For example, in expression `_1++ + foo++`, `foo` will be incremented only once where the expression is evaluated, while `_1` will be incremented every time the unnamed function is invoked. This is far from intuitive.
`ACTION*` avoid all these problems.
## Future Improvements ##
There may be a need for composing `ACTION*` definitions (i.e. invoking
another `ACTION` inside the definition of one `ACTION*`). We are not
sure we want it yet, as one can get a similar effect by putting
`ACTION` definitions in function templates and composing the function
templates. We'll revisit this based on user feedback.
The reason we don't allow `ACTION*()` inside a function body is that
the current C++ standard doesn't allow function-local types to be used
to instantiate templates. The upcoming C++0x standard will lift this
restriction. Once this feature is widely supported by compilers, we
can revisit the implementation and add support for using `ACTION*()`
inside a function.
C++0x will also support lambda expressions. When they become
available, we may want to support using lambdas as actions.
# Macros for Defining Matchers #
Once the macros for defining actions are implemented, we plan to do
the same for matchers:
```
MATCHER(name) { statements; }
```
where you can refer to the value being matched as `arg`. For example,
given:
```
MATCHER(IsPositive) { return arg > 0; }
```
you can use `IsPositive()` as a matcher that matches a value iff it is
greater than 0.
We will also add `MATCHER_P`, `MATCHER_P2`, and etc for parameterized
matchers.
\ No newline at end of file
If you are interested in understanding the internals of Google Mock,
building from source, or contributing ideas or modifications to the
project, then this document is for you.
# Introduction #
First, let's give you some background of the project.
## Licensing ##
All Google Mock source and pre-built packages are provided under the [New BSD License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php).
## The Google Mock Community ##
The Google Mock community exists primarily through the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock), the
[issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list) and, to a lesser extent, the [source control repository](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/checkout). You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the
discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the
group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here.
### Please Be Friendly ###
Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google
culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google
Mock development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course,
being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree
with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each
other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular
proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be
antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to
contribute to a discussion.
Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also
a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the
friendliest communities in all of open source.
### Where to Discuss Google Mock ###
As always, discuss Google Mock in the official [Google C++ Mocking Framework discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock). You don't have to actually submit
code in order to sign up. Your participation itself is a valuable
contribution.
# Working with the Code #
If you want to get your hands dirty with the code inside Google Mock,
this is the section for you.
## Checking Out the Source from Subversion ##
Checking out the Google Mock source is most useful if you plan to
tweak it yourself. You check out the source for Google Mock using a
[Subversion](http://subversion.tigris.org/) client as you would for any
other project hosted on Google Code. Please see the instruction on
the [source code access page](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/checkout) for how to do it.
## Compiling from Source ##
Once you check out the code, you can find instructions on how to
compile it in the [README](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/README) file.
## Testing ##
A mocking framework is of no good if itself is not thoroughly tested.
Tests should be written for any new code, and changes should be
verified to not break existing tests before they are submitted for
review. To perform the tests, follow the instructions in [README](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/README) and
verify that there are no failures.
# Contributing Code #
We are excited that Google Mock is now open source, and hope to get
great patches from the community. Before you fire up your favorite IDE
and begin hammering away at that new feature, though, please take the
time to read this section and understand the process. While it seems
rigorous, we want to keep a high standard of quality in the code
base.
## Contributor License Agreements ##
You must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can
accept any code. The CLA protects you and us.
* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html).
* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work to Google Mock, then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html).
Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and
instructions for how to sign and return it.
## Coding Style ##
To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge,
we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](http://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/) project. All patches will be expected
to conform to the style outlined [here](http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml).
## Submitting Patches ##
Please do submit code. Here's what you need to do:
1. Normally you should make your change against the SVN trunk instead of a branch or a tag, as the latter two are for release control and should be treated mostly as read-only.
1. Decide which code you want to submit. A submission should be a set of changes that addresses one issue in the [Google Mock issue tracker](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/issues/list). Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one.
1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan early also generally leads to better patches.
1. Ensure that your code adheres to the [Google Mock source code style](#Coding_Style.md).
1. Ensure that there are unit tests for your code.
1. Sign a Contributor License Agreement.
1. Create a patch file using `svn diff`.
1. We use [Rietveld](http://codereview.appspot.com/) to do web-based code reviews. You can read about the tool [here](http://code.google.com/p/rietveld/wiki/CodeReviewHelp). When you are ready, upload your patch via Rietveld and notify `googlemock@googlegroups.com` to review it. There are several ways to upload the patch. We recommend using the [upload\_gmock.py](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/source/browse/trunk/scripts/upload_gmock.py) script, which you can find in the `scripts/` folder in the SVN trunk.
## Google Mock Committers ##
The current members of the Google Mock engineering team are the only
committers at present. In the great tradition of eating one's own
dogfood, we will be requiring each new Google Mock engineering team
member to earn the right to become a committer by following the
procedures in this document, writing consistently great code, and
demonstrating repeatedly that he or she truly gets the zen of Google
Mock.
# Release Process #
We follow the typical release process for Subversion-based projects:
1. A release branch named `release-X.Y` is created.
1. Bugs are fixed and features are added in trunk; those individual patches are merged into the release branch until it's stable.
1. An individual point release (the `Z` in `X.Y.Z`) is made by creating a tag from the branch.
1. Repeat steps 2 and 3 throughout one release cycle (as determined by features or time).
1. Go back to step 1 to create another release branch and so on.
---
This page is based on the [Making GWT Better](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/makinggwtbetter.html) guide from the [Google Web Toolkit](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/) project. Except as otherwise [noted](http://code.google.com/policies.html#restrictions), the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).
\ No newline at end of file
This page lists all documentation wiki pages for Google Mock **(the SVN trunk version)**
- **if you use a released version of Google Mock, please read the documentation for that specific version instead.**
* [ForDummies](ForDummies.md) -- start here if you are new to Google Mock.
* [CheatSheet](CheatSheet.md) -- a quick reference.
* [CookBook](CookBook.md) -- recipes for doing various tasks using Google Mock.
* [FrequentlyAskedQuestions](FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) -- check here before asking a question on the mailing list.
To contribute code to Google Mock, read:
* [DevGuide](DevGuide.md) -- read this _before_ writing your first patch.
* [Pump Manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual) -- how we generate some of Google Mock's source files.
\ No newline at end of file
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As any non-trivial software system, Google Mock has some known limitations and problems. We are working on improving it, and welcome your help! The follow is a list of issues we know about.
## README contains outdated information on Google Mock's compatibility with other testing frameworks ##
The `README` file in release 1.1.0 still says that Google Mock only works with Google Test. Actually, you can configure Google Mock to work with any testing framework you choose.
## Tests failing on machines using Power PC CPUs (e.g. some Macs) ##
`gmock_output_test` and `gmock-printers_test` are known to fail with Power PC CPUs. This is due to portability issues with these tests, and is not an indication of problems in Google Mock itself. You can safely ignore them.
## Failed to resolve libgtest.so.0 in tests when built against installed Google Test ##
This only applies if you manually built and installed Google Test, and then built a Google Mock against it (either explicitly, or because gtest-config was in your path post-install). In this situation, Libtool has a known issue with certain systems' ldconfig setup:
http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.sysutils.automake.general/9025
This requires a manual run of "sudo ldconfig" after the "sudo make install" for Google Test before any binaries which link against it can be executed. This isn't a bug in our install, but we should at least have documented it or hacked a work-around into our install. We should have one of these solutions in our next release.
\ No newline at end of file
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