Allows EXPECT_EQ to accept arguments that don't have operator << (by Zhanyong Wan).

Allows a user to customize how the universal printer prints a pointer of a specific type by overloading << (by Zhanyong Wan).
Works around a bug in Cymbian's C++ compiler (by Vlad Losev).

include/gtest/gtest-printers.h

@@ -280,12 +280,23 @@ void DefaultPrintTo(IsNotContainer /* dummy */,
   if (p == NULL) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
-    // We want to print p as a const void*.  However, we cannot cast
-    // it to const void* directly, even using reinterpret_cast, as
-    // earlier versions of gcc (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast
-    // when p is a function pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves
-    // the problem.
-    *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
+    // C++ doesn't allow casting from a function pointer to any object
+    // pointer.
+    if (ImplicitlyConvertible<T*, const void*>::value) {
+      // T is not a function type.  We just call << to print p,
+      // relying on ADL to pick up user-defined << for their pointer
+      // types, if any.
+      *os << p;
+    } else {
+      // T is a function type, so '*os << p' doesn't do what we want
+      // (it just prints p as bool).  We want to print p as a const
+      // void*.  However, we cannot cast it to const void* directly,
+      // even using reinterpret_cast, as earlier versions of gcc
+      // (e.g. 3.4.5) cannot compile the cast when p is a function
+      // pointer.  Casting to UInt64 first solves the problem.
+      *os << reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+          reinterpret_cast<internal::UInt64>(p));
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -341,13 +352,8 @@ void PrintTo(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
 // types, strings, plain arrays, and pointers).
 
 // Overloads for various char types.
-GTEST_API_ void PrintCharTo(char c, int char_code, ::std::ostream* os);
-inline void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharTo(c, c, os);
-}
-inline void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharTo(c, c, os);
-}
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os);
+GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os);
 inline void PrintTo(char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
   // When printing a plain char, we always treat it as unsigned.  This
   // way, the output won't be affected by whether the compiler thinks
@@ -375,6 +381,21 @@ inline void PrintTo(char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
   PrintTo(implicit_cast<const char*>(s), os);
 }
 
+// signed/unsigned char is often used for representing binary data, so
+// we print pointers to it as void* to be safe.
+inline void PrintTo(const signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(implicit_cast<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(signed char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(implicit_cast<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(const unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(implicit_cast<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+inline void PrintTo(unsigned char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTo(implicit_cast<const void*>(s), os);
+}
+
 // MSVC can be configured to define wchar_t as a typedef of unsigned
 // short.  It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED when wchar_t is a native
 // type.  When wchar_t is a typedef, defining an overload for const

include/gtest/gtest.h

@@ -1207,30 +1207,6 @@ GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// These overloaded versions handle ::std::string and ::std::wstring.
-GTEST_API_ inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::std::string& str) {
-  return (Message() << '"' << str << '"').GetString();
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_API_ inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
-  return (Message() << "L\"" << wstr << '"').GetString();
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-// These overloaded versions handle ::string and ::wstring.
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_API_ inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::string& str) {
-  return (Message() << '"' << str << '"').GetString();
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_API_ inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::wstring& wstr) {
-  return (Message() << "L\"" << wstr << '"').GetString();
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
 // Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
 // operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
 // of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
@@ -1246,7 +1222,7 @@ GTEST_API_ inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::wstring& wstr) {
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(const T1& value,
                                          const T2& /* other_operand */) {
-  return FormatForFailureMessage(value);
+  return PrintToString(value);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.

include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
 namespace testing {
 
-// Forward declaration of classes.
+// Forward declarations.
 
 class AssertionResult;                 // Result of an assertion.
 class Message;                         // Represents a failure message.
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ class TestInfo;                        // Information about a test.
 class TestPartResult;                  // Result of a test part.
 class UnitTest;                        // A collection of test cases.
 
+template <typename T>
+::std::string PrintToString(const T& value);
+
 namespace internal {
 
 struct TraceInfo;                      // Information about a trace point.
@@ -192,72 +195,23 @@ class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
 template <typename T>
 String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
 
-// Formats a value to be used in a failure message.
-
-#ifdef GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_
-
-// These are needed as the Nokia Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ compilers
-// cannot decide between const T& and const T* in a function template.
-// These compilers _can_ decide between class template specializations
-// for T and T*, so a tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we
-// can overload on that.
-
-// This overload makes sure that all pointers (including
-// those to char or wchar_t) are printed as raw pointers.
-template <typename T>
-inline String FormatValueForFailureMessage(internal::true_type /*dummy*/,
-                                           T* pointer) {
-  return StreamableToString(static_cast<const void*>(pointer));
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-inline String FormatValueForFailureMessage(internal::false_type /*dummy*/,
-                                           const T& value) {
-  return StreamableToString(value);
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const T& value) {
-  return FormatValueForFailureMessage(
-      typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
-}
-
-#else
-
-// These are needed as the above solution using is_pointer has the
-// limitation that T cannot be a type without external linkage, when
-// compiled using MSVC.
-
-template <typename T>
-inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const T& value) {
-  return StreamableToString(value);
-}
-
-// This overload makes sure that all pointers (including
-// those to char or wchar_t) are printed as raw pointers.
-template <typename T>
-inline String FormatForFailureMessage(T* pointer) {
-  return StreamableToString(static_cast<const void*>(pointer));
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_
-
-// These overloaded versions handle narrow and wide characters.
-GTEST_API_ String FormatForFailureMessage(char ch);
-GTEST_API_ String FormatForFailureMessage(wchar_t wchar);
-
-// When this operand is a const char* or char*, and the other operand
+// When this operand is a const char* or char*, if the other operand
 // is a ::std::string or ::string, we print this operand as a C string
-// rather than a pointer.  We do the same for wide strings.
+// rather than a pointer (we do the same for wide strings); otherwise
+// we print it as a pointer to be safe.
 
 // This internal macro is used to avoid duplicated code.
+// Making the first operand const reference works around a bug in the
+// Symbian compiler which is unable to select the correct specialization of
+// FormatForComparisonFailureMessage.
 #define GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(operand2_type, operand1_printer)\
 inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    operand2_type::value_type* str, const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
+    operand2_type::value_type* const& str, const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
   return operand1_printer(str);\
 }\
 inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    const operand2_type::value_type* str, const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
+    const operand2_type::value_type* const& str, \
+    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
   return operand1_printer(str);\
 }
 
@@ -275,6 +229,27 @@ GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
 
 #undef GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_
 
+// The next four overloads handle the case where the operand being
+// printed is a char/wchar_t pointer and the other operand is not a
+// string/wstring object.  In such cases, we just print the operand as
+// a pointer to be safe.
+//
+// Making the first operand const reference works around a bug in the
+// Symbian compiler which is unable to select the correct specialization of
+// FormatForComparisonFailureMessage.
+#define GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(CharType)                       \
+  template <typename T>                                             \
+  String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(CharType* const& p, const T&) { \
+    return PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(p));              \
+  }
+
+GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(char)
+GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const char)
+GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(wchar_t)
+GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
+
+#undef GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_
+
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
 //

src/gtest-printers.cc

@@ -123,10 +123,31 @@ void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count,
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// Prints a wide char as a char literal without the quotes, escaping it
-// when necessary.
-static void PrintAsWideCharLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
-  switch (c) {
+// Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
+// of three formats:
+//   - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
+//   - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
+//   - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
+enum CharFormat {
+  kAsIs,
+  kHexEscape,
+  kSpecialEscape
+};
+
+// Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character.  We test the
+// value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
+// Windows Mobile.
+static inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) {
+  return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E;
+}
+
+// Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
+// quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
+// The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
+// which is the type of c.
+template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
+static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
+  switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) {
     case L'\0':
       *os << "\\0";
       break;
@@ -161,19 +182,15 @@ static void PrintAsWideCharLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
       *os << "\\v";
       break;
     default:
-      // Checks whether c is printable or not. Printable characters are in
-      // the range [0x20,0x7E].
-      // We test the value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), as
-      // isprint() is buggy on Windows mobile.
-      if (0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E) {
+      if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) {
         *os << static_cast<char>(c);
+        return kAsIs;
       } else {
-        // Buffer size enough for the maximum number of digits and \0.
-        char text[2 * sizeof(unsigned long) + 1] = "";
-        snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%lX", static_cast<unsigned long>(c));
-        *os << "\\x" << text;
+        *os << String::Format("\\x%X", static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        return kHexEscape;
       }
   }
+  return kSpecialEscape;
 }
 
 // Prints a char as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
@@ -187,50 +204,57 @@ static void PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
       *os << "\\\"";
       break;
     default:
-      PrintAsWideCharLiteralTo(c, os);
+      PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os);
   }
 }
 
-// Prints a char as a char literal without the quotes, escaping it
-// when necessary.
-static void PrintAsCharLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
-  PrintAsWideCharLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
-}
-
 // Prints a char as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary.
-static void PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
+static void PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
   PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
 }
 
-// Prints a char and its code.  The '\0' char is printed as "'\\0'",
-// other unprintable characters are also properly escaped using the
-// standard C++ escape sequence.
-void PrintCharTo(char c, int char_code, ostream* os) {
+// Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
+// as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
+// using the standard C++ escape sequence.  The template argument
+// UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
+template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char>
+void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
+  // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
+  *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
+  const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os);
   *os << "'";
-  PrintAsCharLiteralTo(c, os);
-  *os << "'";
-  if (c != '\0')
-    *os << " (" << char_code << ")";
+
+  // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
+  // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
+  // obvious).
+  if (c == 0)
+    return;
+  *os << " (" << String::Format("%d", c).c_str();
+
+  // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
+  // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
+  // [1, 9].
+  if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
+    // Do nothing.
+  } else {
+    *os << String::Format(", 0x%X",
+                          static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)).c_str();
+  }
+  *os << ")";
+}
+
+void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
+}
+void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os);
 }
 
 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
-// code otherwise and also as its decimal code (except for L'\0').
-// The L'\0' char is printed as "L'\\0'". The decimal code is printed
-// as signed integer when wchar_t is implemented by the compiler
-// as a signed type and is printed as an unsigned integer when wchar_t
-// is implemented as an unsigned type.
+// code otherwise and also as its code.  L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
-  *os << "L'";
-  PrintAsWideCharLiteralTo(wc, os);
-  *os << "'";
-  if (wc != L'\0') {
-    // Type Int64 is used because it provides more storage than wchar_t thus
-    // when the compiler converts signed or unsigned implementation of wchar_t
-    // to Int64 it fills higher bits with either zeros or the sign bit
-    // passing it to operator <<() as either signed or unsigned integer.
-    *os << " (" << static_cast<Int64>(wc) << ")";
-  }
+  PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
 }
 
 // Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.
@@ -239,7 +263,7 @@ void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
 static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
   *os << "\"";
   for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    PrintAsStringLiteralTo(begin[index], os);
+    PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(begin[index], os);
   }
   *os << "\"";
 }

src/gtest.cc

@@ -918,48 +918,6 @@ Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
-namespace internal {
-
-// Formats a value to be used in a failure message.
-
-// For a char value, we print it as a C++ char literal and as an
-// unsigned integer (both in decimal and in hexadecimal).
-String FormatForFailureMessage(char ch) {
-  const unsigned int ch_as_uint = ch;
-  // A String object cannot contain '\0', so we print "\\0" when ch is
-  // '\0'.
-  return String::Format("'%s' (%u, 0x%X)",
-                        ch ? String::Format("%c", ch).c_str() : "\\0",
-                        ch_as_uint, ch_as_uint);
-}
-
-// For a wchar_t value, we print it as a C++ wchar_t literal and as an
-// unsigned integer (both in decimal and in hexidecimal).
-String FormatForFailureMessage(wchar_t wchar) {
-  // The C++ standard doesn't specify the exact size of the wchar_t
-  // type.  It just says that it shall have the same size as another
-  // integral type, called its underlying type.
-  //
-  // Therefore, in order to print a wchar_t value in the numeric form,
-  // we first convert it to the largest integral type (UInt64) and
-  // then print the converted value.
-  //
-  // We use streaming to print the value as "%llu" doesn't work
-  // correctly with MSVC 7.1.
-  const UInt64 wchar_as_uint64 = wchar;
-  Message msg;
-  // A String object cannot contain '\0', so we print "\\0" when wchar is
-  // L'\0'.
-  char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer that big.
-  msg << "L'"
-      << (wchar ? CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<UInt32>(wchar), buffer) : "\\0")
-      << "' (" << wchar_as_uint64 << ", 0x" << ::std::setbase(16)
-      << wchar_as_uint64 << ")";
-  return msg.GetString();
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
 // AssertionResult constructors.
 // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
 AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)

test/gtest-printers_test.cc

@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
   os << "StreamableInGlobal";
 }
 
+void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
+  os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
+}
+
 namespace foo {
 
 // A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
@@ -100,6 +104,15 @@ void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
   *os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
 }
 
+// A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
+struct PointerPrintable {
+};
+
+::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
+                           const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
+  return os << "PointerPrintable*";
+}
+
 // A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
 template <typename T>
 class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
@@ -199,21 +212,21 @@ string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
 // char.
 TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39)", Print('\''));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34)", Print('"'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\?' (63)", Print('\?'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92)", Print('\\'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('\?'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12)", Print('\f'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10)", Print('\n'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13)", Print('\r'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11)", Print('\v'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32)", Print(' '));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97)", Print('a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
+  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
 }
 
 // signed char.
@@ -226,7 +239,7 @@ TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
 // unsigned char.
 TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
-  EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98)",
+  EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
             Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
 }
 
@@ -241,21 +254,21 @@ TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
 // wchar_t.
 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39)", Print(L'\''));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34)", Print(L'"'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\?' (63)", Print(L'\?'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92)", Print(L'\\'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'\?'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12)", Print(L'\f'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10)", Print(L'\n'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13)", Print(L'\r'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11)", Print(L'\v'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32)", Print(L' '));
-  EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97)", Print(L'a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
+  EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(L'\x576'));
   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(L'\xC74D'));
 }
@@ -700,7 +713,7 @@ TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
   hash_map<int, char> map1;
   map1[1] = 'a';
-  EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97)) }", Print(map1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
 }
 
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
@@ -848,7 +861,7 @@ TEST(PrintTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
 
   tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
-  EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97), true)", Print(t2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
 
   tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
@@ -877,7 +890,7 @@ TEST(PrintTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
   tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
       testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*, string>
       t10(false, 'a', 3, 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str, NULL, "10");
-  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
+  EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
             Print(t10));
 }
@@ -885,7 +898,7 @@ TEST(PrintTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
 // Nested tuples.
 TEST(PrintTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
   tuple<tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
-  EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97))", Print(nested));
+  EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
@@ -926,8 +939,9 @@ TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
 
 // Streamable types in the global namespace.
 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
-  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal",
-            Print(StreamableInGlobal()));
+  StreamableInGlobal x;
+  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
+  EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
 }
 
 // Printable template types in a user namespace.
@@ -942,6 +956,13 @@ TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
 }
 
+// Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
+// operator for its pointer.
+TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
+  ::foo::PointerPrintable x;
+  EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
+}
+
 // Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
@@ -1046,26 +1067,35 @@ TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
       "@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
 }
 
+// Useful for testing PrintToString().  We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
+// there as its implementation uses PrintToString().  The caller must
+// ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
+#define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string)         \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string))        \
+      << " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))
+
 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
-  EXPECT_EQ("123", PrintToString(123));
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
 }
 
 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
   const char* p = "hello";
-  EXPECT_EQ("\"hello\"", PrintToString(p));
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
 }
 
 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
   char s[] = "hello";
   char* p = s;
-  EXPECT_EQ("\"hello\"", PrintToString(p));
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
 }
 
 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
   int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
-  EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", PrintToString(n));
+  EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
 }
 
+#undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_
+
 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
   UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
@@ -1144,7 +1174,7 @@ TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTest, PrintsTwoTuple) {
   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(make_tuple(1, 'a'));
   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
-  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97)", result[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
 }
 
 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTest, PrintsTersely) {

test/gtest_output_test_golden_lin.txt

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Expected failure
 [ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Failure
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: Failure
 Value of: TypeParam()
-  Actual: \0
+  Actual: '\0'
 Expected: 1U
 Which is: 1
 Expected failure

test/gtest_output_test_golden_win.txt

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Expected failure
 [       OK ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Success
 [ RUN      ] Unsigned/TypedTestP/0.Failure
 gtest_output_test_.cc:#: error: Value of: TypeParam()
-  Actual: \0
+  Actual: '\0'
 Expected: 1U
 Which is: 1
 Expected failure

test/gtest_unittest.cc

@@ -4652,6 +4652,65 @@ TEST(EqAssertionTest, OtherPointer) {
                        "0x1234");
 }
 
+// A class that supports binary comparison operators but not streaming.
+class UnprintableChar {
+ public:
+  explicit UnprintableChar(char ch) : char_(ch) {}
+
+  bool operator==(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ == rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ != rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator<(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ < rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator<=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ <= rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator>(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ > rhs.char_;
+  }
+  bool operator>=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
+    return char_ >= rhs.char_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  char char_;
+};
+
+// Tests that ASSERT_EQ() and friends don't require the arguments to
+// be printable.
+TEST(ComparisonAssertionTest, AcceptsUnprintableArgs) {
+  const UnprintableChar x('x'), y('y');
+  ASSERT_EQ(x, x);
+  EXPECT_NE(x, y);
+  ASSERT_LT(x, y);
+  EXPECT_LE(x, y);
+  ASSERT_GT(y, x);
+  EXPECT_GE(x, x);
+
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(y, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
+
+  // Code tested by EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE cannot reference local
+  // variables, so we have to write UnprintableChar('x') instead of x.
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
+                       "1-byte object <79>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
+                       "1-byte object <78>");
+  EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
+                       "1-byte object <79>");
+}
+
 // Tests the FRIEND_TEST macro.
 
 // This class has a private member we want to test.  We will test it