If you are interested in understanding the internals of Google Test,
building from source, or contributing ideas or modifications to the
project, then this document is for you.
# Introduction #
First, let's give you some background of the project.
## Licensing ##
All Google Test source and pre-built packages are provided under the [New BSD License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php).
## The Google Test Community ##
The Google Test community exists primarily through the [discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googletestframework) and the GitHub repository.
You are definitely encouraged to contribute to the
discussion and you can also help us to keep the effectiveness of the
group high by following and promoting the guidelines listed here.
### Please Be Friendly ###
Showing courtesy and respect to others is a vital part of the Google
culture, and we strongly encourage everyone participating in Google
Test development to join us in accepting nothing less. Of course,
being courteous is not the same as failing to constructively disagree
with each other, but it does mean that we should be respectful of each
other when enumerating the 42 technical reasons that a particular
proposal may not be the best choice. There's never a reason to be
antagonistic or dismissive toward anyone who is sincerely trying to
contribute to a discussion.
Sure, C++ testing is serious business and all that, but it's also
a lot of fun. Let's keep it that way. Let's strive to be one of the
friendliest communities in all of open source.
As always, discuss Google Test in the official GoogleTest discussion group.
You don't have to actually submit code in order to sign up. Your participation
itself is a valuable contribution.
# Working with the Code #
If you want to get your hands dirty with the code inside Google Test,
this is the section for you.
## Compiling from Source ##
Once you check out the code, you can find instructions on how to
compile it in the [README](../README.md) file.
## Testing ##
A testing framework is of no good if itself is not thoroughly tested.
Tests should be written for any new code, and changes should be
verified to not break existing tests before they are submitted for
review. To perform the tests, follow the instructions in
[README](../README.md) and verify that there are no failures.
# Contributing Code #
We are excited that Google Test is now open source, and hope to get
great patches from the community. Before you fire up your favorite IDE
and begin hammering away at that new feature, though, please take the
time to read this section and understand the process. While it seems
rigorous, we want to keep a high standard of quality in the code
base.
## Contributor License Agreements ##
You must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can
accept any code. The CLA protects you and us.
* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/individual-cla-v1.0.html).
* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work to Google Test, then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](http://code.google.com/legal/corporate-cla-v1.0.html).
Follow either of the two links above to access the appropriate CLA and
instructions for how to sign and return it.
## Coding Style ##
To keep the source consistent, readable, diffable and easy to merge,
we use a fairly rigid coding style, as defined by the [google-styleguide](https://github.com/google/styleguide) project. All patches will be expected
to conform to the style outlined [here](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html).
## Updating Generated Code ##
Some of Google Test's source files are generated by the Pump tool (a
Python script). If you need to update such files, please modify the
source (`foo.h.pump`) and re-generate the C++ file using Pump. You
can read the PumpManual for details.
## Submitting Patches ##
Please do submit code. Here's what you need to do:
1. A submission should be a set of changes that addresses one issue in the [issue tracker](https://github.com/google/googletest/issues). Please don't mix more than one logical change per submittal, because it makes the history hard to follow. If you want to make a change that doesn't have a corresponding issue in the issue tracker, please create one.
1. Also, coordinate with team members that are listed on the issue in question. This ensures that work isn't being duplicated and communicating your plan early also generally leads to better patches.
1. Ensure that your code adheres to the [Google Test source code style](#Coding_Style.md).
1. Ensure that there are unit tests for your code.
1. Sign a Contributor License Agreement.
1. Create a Pull Request in the usual way.
If you are a Googler, it is preferable to first create an internal change and
have it reviewed and submitted, and then create an upstreaming pull
request here.
## Google Test Committers ##
The current members of the Google Test engineering team are the only
committers at present. In the great tradition of eating one's own
dogfood, we will be requiring each new Google Test engineering team
member to earn the right to become a committer by following the
procedures in this document, writing consistently great code, and
demonstrating repeatedly that he or she truly gets the zen of Google
Test.
# Release Process #
We follow a typical release process:
1. A release branch named `release-X.Y` is created.
1. Bugs are fixed and features are added in trunk; those individual patches are merged into the release branch until it's stable.
1. An individual point release (the `Z` in `X.Y.Z`) is made by creating a tag from the branch.
1. Repeat steps 2 and 3 throughout one release cycle (as determined by features or time).
1. Go back to step 1 to create another release branch and so on.
---
This page is based on the [Making GWT Better](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/makinggwtbetter.html) guide from the [Google Web Toolkit](http://code.google.com/webtoolkit/) project. Except as otherwise [noted](http://code.google.com/policies.html#restrictions), the content of this page is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).
You may still want to use `SetUp()/TearDown()` in the following rare cases:
* If the tear-down operation could throw an exception, you must use `TearDown()` as opposed to the destructor, as throwing in a destructor leads to undefined behavior and usually will kill your program right away. Note that many standard libraries (like STL) may throw when exceptions are enabled in the compiler. Therefore you should prefer `TearDown()` if you want to write portable tests that work with or without exceptions.
* The assertion macros throw an exception when flag `--gtest_throw_on_failure` is specified. Therefore, you shouldn't use Google Test assertions in a destructor if you plan to run your tests with this flag.
* In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overriden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
* In a constructor or destructor, you cannot make a virtual function call on this object. (You can call a method declared as virtual, but it will be statically bound.) Therefore, if you need to call a method that will be overridden in a derived class, you have to use `SetUp()/TearDown()`.
## The compiler complains "no matching function to call" when I use ASSERT\_PREDn. How do I fix it? ##
1. The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
