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Unverified Commit 7608f163 authored by littletomatodonkey's avatar littletomatodonkey Committed by GitHub
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add mv1 enhance backbone (#3228) 

* add mv1 enhance backbone
* add knowledge doc
parent 9c813bb3
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configs/rec/ch_ppocr_v2.1/rec_chinese_lite_train_distillation_v2.1.yml
View file @ 7608f163
...@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Global: ...@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Global:
character_type: ch character_type: ch
max_text_length: 25 max_text_length: 25
infer_mode: false infer_mode: false
use_space_char: false use_space_char: true
distributed: true distributed: true
save_res_path: ./output/rec/predicts_chinese_lite_distillation_v2.1.txt save_res_path: ./output/rec/predicts_chinese_lite_distillation_v2.1.txt
...@@ -27,28 +27,29 @@ Optimizer: ...@@ -27,28 +27,29 @@ Optimizer:
beta1: 0.9 beta1: 0.9
beta2: 0.999 beta2: 0.999
lr: lr:
name: Cosine name: Piecewise
learning_rate: 0.0005 decay_epochs : [700, 800]
values : [0.001, 0.0001]
warmup_epoch: 5 warmup_epoch: 5
regularizer: regularizer:
name: L2 name: L2
factor: 1.0e-05 factor: 2.0e-05
Architecture: Architecture:
model_type: &model_type "rec"
name: DistillationModel name: DistillationModel
algorithm: Distillation algorithm: Distillation
Models: Models:
Student: Teacher:
pretrained: pretrained:
freeze_params: false freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true return_all_feats: true
model_type: rec model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN algorithm: CRNN
Transform: Transform:
Backbone: Backbone:
name: MobileNetV3 name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5 scale: 0.5
model_name: small
small_stride: [1, 2, 2, 2]
Neck: Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn encoder_type: rnn
...@@ -56,19 +57,17 @@ Architecture: ...@@ -56,19 +57,17 @@ Architecture:
Head: Head:
name: CTCHead name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96 mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00001 fc_decay: 0.00002
Teacher: Student:
pretrained: pretrained:
freeze_params: false freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true return_all_feats: true
model_type: rec model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN algorithm: CRNN
Transform: Transform:
Backbone: Backbone:
name: MobileNetV3 name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5 scale: 0.5
model_name: small
small_stride: [1, 2, 2, 2]
Neck: Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn encoder_type: rnn
...@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ Architecture: ...@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ Architecture:
Head: Head:
name: CTCHead name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96 mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00001 fc_decay: 0.00002
Loss: Loss:
......
doc/doc_ch/knowledge_distillation.md 0 → 100644
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# 知识蒸馏
## 1. 简介
### 1.1 知识蒸馏介绍
近年来，深度神经网络在计算机视觉、自然语言处理等领域被验证是一种极其有效的解决问题的方法。通过构建合适的神经网络，加以训练，最终网络模型的性能指标基本上都会超过传统算法。
在数据量足够大的情况下，通过合理构建网络模型的方式增加其参数量，可以显著改善模型性能，但是这又带来了模型复杂度急剧提升的问题。大模型在实际场景中使用的成本较高。
深度神经网络一般有较多的参数冗余，目前有几种主要的方法对模型进行压缩，减小其参数量。如裁剪、量化、知识蒸馏等，其中知识蒸馏是指使用教师模型(teacher model)去指导学生模型(student model)学习特定任务，保证小模型在参数量不变的情况下，得到比较大的性能提升。
此外，在知识蒸馏任务中，也衍生出了互学习的模型训练方法，论文[Deep Mutual Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00384)中指出，使用两个完全相同的模型在训练的过程中互相监督，可以达到比单个模型训练更好的效果。
### 1.2 PaddleOCR知识蒸馏简介
无论是大模型蒸馏小模型，还是小模型之间互相学习，更新参数，他们本质上是都是不同模型之间输出或者特征图(feature map)之间的相互监督，区别仅在于 (1) 模型是否需要固定参数。(2) 模型是否需要加载预训练模型。
对于大模型蒸馏小模型的情况，大模型一般需要加载预训练模型并固定参数；对于小模型之间互相蒸馏的情况，小模型一般都不加载预训练模型，参数也都是可学习的状态。
在知识蒸馏任务中，不只有2个模型之间进行蒸馏的情况，多个模型之间互相学习的情况也非常普遍。因此在知识蒸馏代码框架中，也有必要支持该种类别的蒸馏方法。
PaddleOCR中集成了知识蒸馏的算法，具体地，有以下几个主要的特点：
- 支持任意网络的互相学习，不要求子网络结构完全一致或者具有预训练模型；同时子网络数量也没有任何限制，只需要在配置文件中添加即可。
- 支持loss函数通过配置文件任意配置，不仅可以使用某种loss，也可以使用多种loss的组合
- 支持知识蒸馏训练、预测、评估与导出等所有模型相关的环境，方便使用与部署。
通过知识蒸馏，在中英文通用文字识别任务中，不增加任何预测耗时的情况下，可以给模型带来3%以上的精度提升，结合学习率调整策略以及模型结构微调策略，最终提升提升超过5%。
## 2. 配置文件解析
在知识蒸馏训练的过程中，数据预处理、优化器、学习率、全局的一些属性没有任何变化。模型结构、损失函数、后处理、指标计算等模块的配置文件需要进行微调。
下面以识别与检测的知识蒸馏配置文件为例，对知识蒸馏的训练与配置进行解析。
### 2.1 识别配置文件解析
配置文件在[rec_chinese_lite_train_distillation_v2.1.yml](../../configs/rec/ch_ppocr_v2.1/rec_chinese_lite_train_distillation_v2.1.yml)。
#### 2.1.1 模型结构
知识蒸馏任务中，模型结构配置如下所示。
```yaml
Architecture:
model_type: &model_type "rec" # 模型类别，rec、det等，每个子网络的的模型类别都与
name: DistillationModel # 结构名称，蒸馏任务中，为DistillationModel，用于构建对应的结构
algorithm: Distillation # 算法名称
Models: # 模型，包含子网络的配置信息
Teacher: # 子网络名称，至少需要包含`pretrained`与`freeze_params`信息，其他的参数为子网络的构造参数
pretrained: # 该子网络是否需要加载预训练模型
freeze_params: false # 是否需要固定参数
return_all_feats: true # 子网络的参数，表示是否需要返回所有的features，如果为False，则只返回最后的输出
model_type: *model_type # 模型类别
algorithm: CRNN # 子网络的算法名称，该子网络剩余参与均为构造参数，与普通的模型训练配置一致
Transform:
Backbone:
name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5
Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn
hidden_size: 64
Head:
name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00002
Student: # 另外一个子网络，这里给的是DML的蒸馏示例，两个子网络结构相同，均需要学习参数
pretrained: # 下面的组网参数同上
freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true
model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN
Transform:
Backbone:
name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5
Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn
hidden_size: 64
Head:
name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00002
```
当然，这里如果希望添加更多的子网络进行训练，也可以按照`Student`与`Teacher`的添加方式，在配置文件中添加相应的字段。比如说如果希望有3个模型互相监督，共同训练，那么`Architecture`可以写为如下格式。
```yaml
Architecture:
model_type: &model_type "rec"
name: DistillationModel
algorithm: Distillation
Models:
Teacher:
pretrained:
freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true
model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN
Transform:
Backbone:
name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5
Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn
hidden_size: 64
Head:
name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00002
Student:
pretrained:
freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true
model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN
Transform:
Backbone:
name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5
Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn
hidden_size: 64
Head:
name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00002
Student2: # 知识蒸馏任务中引入的新的子网络，其他部分与上述配置相同
pretrained:
freeze_params: false
return_all_feats: true
model_type: *model_type
algorithm: CRNN
Transform:
Backbone:
name: MobileNetV1Enhance
scale: 0.5
Neck:
name: SequenceEncoder
encoder_type: rnn
hidden_size: 64
Head:
name: CTCHead
mid_channels: 96
fc_decay: 0.00002
```
最终该模型训练时，包含3个子网络：`Teacher`, `Student`, `Student2`。
蒸馏模型`DistillationModel`类的具体实现代码可以参考[distillation_model.py](../../ppocr/modeling/architectures/distillation_model.py)。
最终模型`forward`输出为一个字典，key为所有的子网络名称，例如这里为`Student`与`Teacher`，value为对应子网络的输出，可以为`Tensor`（只返回该网络的最后一层）和`dict`（也返回了中间的特征信息）。
在识别任务中，为了添加更多损失函数，保证蒸馏方法的可扩展性，将每个子网络的输出保存为`dict`，其中包含子模块输出。以该识别模型为例，每个子网络的输出结果均为`dict`，key包含`backbone_out`,`neck_out`, `head_out`，`value`为对应模块的tensor，最终对于上述配置文件，`DistillationModel`的输出格式如下。
```json
{
"Teacher": {
"backbone_out": tensor,
"neck_out": tensor,
"head_out": tensor,
},
"Student": {
"backbone_out": tensor,
"neck_out": tensor,
"head_out": tensor,
}
}
```
#### 2.1.2 损失函数
知识蒸馏任务中，损失函数配置如下所示。
```yaml
Loss:
name: CombinedLoss # 损失函数名称，基于改名称，构建用于损失函数的类
loss_config_list: # 损失函数配置文件列表，为CombinedLoss的必备函数
- DistillationCTCLoss: # 基于蒸馏的CTC损失函数，继承自标准的CTC loss
weight: 1.0 # 损失函数的权重，loss_config_list中，每个损失函数的配置都必须包含该字段
model_name_list: ["Student", "Teacher"] # 对于蒸馏模型的预测结果，提取这两个子网络的输出，与gt计算CTC loss
key: head_out # 取子网络输出dict中，该key对应的tensor
- DistillationDMLLoss: # 蒸馏的DML损失函数，继承自标准的DMLLoss
weight: 1.0 # 权重
act: "softmax" # 激活函数，对输入使用激活函数处理，可以为softmax, sigmoid或者为None，默认为None
model_name_pairs: # 用于计算DML loss的子网络名称对，如果希望计算其他子网络的DML loss，可以在列表下面继续填充
- ["Student", "Teacher"]
key: head_out # 取子网络输出dict中，该key对应的tensor
- DistillationDistanceLoss: # 蒸馏的距离损失函数
weight: 1.0 # 权重
mode: "l2" # 距离计算方法，目前支持l1, l2, smooth_l1
model_name_pairs: # 用于计算distance loss的子网络名称对
- ["Student", "Teacher"]
key: backbone_out # 取子网络输出dict中，该key对应的tensor
```
上述损失函数中，所有的蒸馏损失函数均继承自标准的损失函数类，主要功能为: 对蒸馏模型的输出进行解析，找到用于计算损失的中间节点(tensor)，再使用标准的损失函数类去计算。
以上述配置为例，最终蒸馏训练的损失函数包含下面3个部分。
- `Student`和`Teacher`的最终输出(`head_out`)与gt的CTC loss，权重为1。在这里因为2个子网络都需要更新参数，因此2者都需要计算与g的loss。
- `Student`和`Teacher`的最终输出(`head_out`)之间的DML loss，权重为1。
- `Student`和`Teacher`的骨干网络输出(`backbone_out`)之间的l2 loss，权重为1。
关于`CombinedLoss`更加具体的实现可以参考: [combined_loss.py](../../ppocr/losses/combined_loss.py#L23)。关于`DistillationCTCLoss`等蒸馏损失函数更加具体的实现可以参考[distillation_loss.py](../../ppocr/losses/distillation_loss.py)。
#### 2.1.3 后处理
知识蒸馏任务中，后处理配置如下所示。
```yaml
PostProcess:
name: DistillationCTCLabelDecode # 蒸馏任务的CTC解码后处理，继承自标准的CTCLabelDecode类
model_name: ["Student", "Teacher"] # 对于蒸馏模型的预测结果，提取这两个子网络的输出，进行解码
key: head_out # 取子网络输出dict中，该key对应的tensor
```
以上述配置为例，最终会同时计算`Student`和`Teahcer` 2个子网络的CTC解码输出，返回一个`dict`，`key`为用于处理的子网络名称，`value`为用于处理的子网络列表。
关于`DistillationCTCLabelDecode`更加具体的实现可以参考: [rec_postprocess.py](../../ppocr/postprocess/rec_postprocess.py#L128)
#### 2.1.4 指标计算
知识蒸馏任务中，指标计算配置如下所示。
```yaml
Metric:
name: DistillationMetric # 蒸馏任务的CTC解码后处理，继承自标准的CTCLabelDecode类
base_metric_name: RecMetric # 指标计算的基类，对于模型的输出，会基于该类，计算指标
main_indicator: acc # 指标的名称
key: "Student" # 选取该子网络的 main_indicator 作为作为保存保存best model的判断标准
```
以上述配置为例，最终会使用`Student`子网络的acc指标作为保存best model的判断指标，同时，日志中也会打印出所有子网络的acc指标。
关于`DistillationMetric`更加具体的实现可以参考: [distillation_metric.py](../../ppocr/metrics/distillation_metric.py#L24)。
### 2.2 检测配置文件解析
* coming soon!
ppocr/modeling/backbones/__init__.py
View file @ 7608f163
...@@ -12,33 +12,36 @@ ...@@ -12,33 +12,36 @@
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License. # limitations under the License.
__all__ = ['build_backbone'] __all__ = ["build_backbone"]
def build_backbone(config, model_type): def build_backbone(config, model_type):
if model_type == 'det': if model_type == "det":
from .det_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3 from .det_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3
from .det_resnet_vd import ResNet from .det_resnet_vd import ResNet
from .det_resnet_vd_sast import ResNet_SAST from .det_resnet_vd_sast import ResNet_SAST
support_dict = ['MobileNetV3', 'ResNet', 'ResNet_SAST'] support_dict = ["MobileNetV3", "ResNet", "ResNet_SAST"]
elif model_type == 'rec' or model_type == 'cls': elif model_type == "rec" or model_type == "cls":
from .rec_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3 from .rec_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3
from .rec_resnet_vd import ResNet from .rec_resnet_vd import ResNet
from .rec_resnet_fpn import ResNetFPN from .rec_resnet_fpn import ResNetFPN
support_dict = ['MobileNetV3', 'ResNet', 'ResNetFPN'] from .rec_mv1_enhance import MobileNetV1Enhance
elif model_type == 'e2e': support_dict = [
"MobileNetV1Enhance", "MobileNetV3", "ResNet", "ResNetFPN"
]
elif model_type == "e2e":
from .e2e_resnet_vd_pg import ResNet from .e2e_resnet_vd_pg import ResNet
support_dict = ['ResNet'] support_dict = ["ResNet"]
elif model_type == "table": elif model_type == "table":
from .table_resnet_vd import ResNet from .table_resnet_vd import ResNet
from .table_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3 from .table_mobilenet_v3 import MobileNetV3
support_dict = ['ResNet', 'MobileNetV3'] support_dict = ["ResNet", "MobileNetV3"]
else: else:
raise NotImplementedError raise NotImplementedError
module_name = config.pop('name') module_name = config.pop("name")
assert module_name in support_dict, Exception( assert module_name in support_dict, Exception(
'when model typs is {}, backbone only support {}'.format(model_type, "when model typs is {}, backbone only support {}".format(model_type,
support_dict)) support_dict))
module_class = eval(module_name)(**config) module_class = eval(module_name)(**config)
return module_class return module_class
ppocr/modeling/backbones/rec_mv1_enhance.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 7608f163
# copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import paddle
from paddle import ParamAttr
import paddle.nn as nn
import paddle.nn.functional as F
from paddle.nn import Conv2D, BatchNorm, Linear, Dropout
from paddle.nn import AdaptiveAvgPool2D, MaxPool2D, AvgPool2D
from paddle.nn.initializer import KaimingNormal
import math
import numpy as np
import paddle
from paddle import ParamAttr, reshape, transpose, concat, split
import paddle.nn as nn
import paddle.nn.functional as F
from paddle.nn import Conv2D, BatchNorm, Linear, Dropout
from paddle.nn import AdaptiveAvgPool2D, MaxPool2D, AvgPool2D
from paddle.nn.initializer import KaimingNormal
import math
from paddle.nn.functional import hardswish, hardsigmoid
from paddle.regularizer import L2Decay
class ConvBNLayer(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self,
num_channels,
filter_size,
num_filters,
stride,
padding,
channels=None,
num_groups=1,
act='hard_swish'):
super(ConvBNLayer, self).__init__()
self._conv = Conv2D(
in_channels=num_channels,
out_channels=num_filters,
kernel_size=filter_size,
stride=stride,
padding=padding,
groups=num_groups,
weight_attr=ParamAttr(initializer=KaimingNormal()),
bias_attr=False)
self._batch_norm = BatchNorm(
num_filters,
act=act,
param_attr=ParamAttr(regularizer=L2Decay(0.0)),
bias_attr=ParamAttr(regularizer=L2Decay(0.0)))
def forward(self, inputs):
y = self._conv(inputs)
y = self._batch_norm(y)
return y
class DepthwiseSeparable(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self,
num_channels,
num_filters1,
num_filters2,
num_groups,
stride,
scale,
dw_size=3,
padding=1,
use_se=False):
super(DepthwiseSeparable, self).__init__()
self.use_se = use_se
self._depthwise_conv = ConvBNLayer(
num_channels=num_channels,
num_filters=int(num_filters1 * scale),
filter_size=dw_size,
stride=stride,
padding=padding,
num_groups=int(num_groups * scale))
if use_se:
self._se = SEModule(int(num_filters1 * scale))
self._pointwise_conv = ConvBNLayer(
num_channels=int(num_filters1 * scale),
filter_size=1,
num_filters=int(num_filters2 * scale),
stride=1,
padding=0)
def forward(self, inputs):
y = self._depthwise_conv(inputs)
if self.use_se:
y = self._se(y)
y = self._pointwise_conv(y)
return y
class MobileNetV1Enhance(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self, in_channels=3, scale=0.5, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.scale = scale
self.block_list = []
self.conv1 = ConvBNLayer(
num_channels=3,
filter_size=3,
channels=3,
num_filters=int(32 * scale),
stride=2,
padding=1)
conv2_1 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(32 * scale),
num_filters1=32,
num_filters2=64,
num_groups=32,
stride=1,
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv2_1)
conv2_2 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(64 * scale),
num_filters1=64,
num_filters2=128,
num_groups=64,
stride=1,
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv2_2)
conv3_1 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(128 * scale),
num_filters1=128,
num_filters2=128,
num_groups=128,
stride=1,
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv3_1)
conv3_2 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(128 * scale),
num_filters1=128,
num_filters2=256,
num_groups=128,
stride=(2, 1),
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv3_2)
conv4_1 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(256 * scale),
num_filters1=256,
num_filters2=256,
num_groups=256,
stride=1,
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv4_1)
conv4_2 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(256 * scale),
num_filters1=256,
num_filters2=512,
num_groups=256,
stride=(2, 1),
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv4_2)
for _ in range(5):
conv5 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(512 * scale),
num_filters1=512,
num_filters2=512,
num_groups=512,
stride=1,
dw_size=5,
padding=2,
scale=scale,
use_se=False)
self.block_list.append(conv5)
conv5_6 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(512 * scale),
num_filters1=512,
num_filters2=1024,
num_groups=512,
stride=(2, 1),
dw_size=5,
padding=2,
scale=scale,
use_se=True)
self.block_list.append(conv5_6)
conv6 = DepthwiseSeparable(
num_channels=int(1024 * scale),
num_filters1=1024,
num_filters2=1024,
num_groups=1024,
stride=1,
dw_size=5,
padding=2,
use_se=True,
scale=scale)
self.block_list.append(conv6)
self.block_list = nn.Sequential(*self.block_list)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2D(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0)
self.out_channels = int(1024 * scale)
def forward(self, inputs):
y = self.conv1(inputs)
y = self.block_list(y)
y = self.pool(y)
return y
class SEModule(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self, channel, reduction=4):
super(SEModule, self).__init__()
self.avg_pool = AdaptiveAvgPool2D(1)
self.conv1 = Conv2D(
in_channels=channel,
out_channels=channel // reduction,
kernel_size=1,
stride=1,
padding=0,
weight_attr=ParamAttr(),
bias_attr=ParamAttr())
self.conv2 = Conv2D(
in_channels=channel // reduction,
out_channels=channel,
kernel_size=1,
stride=1,
padding=0,
weight_attr=ParamAttr(),
bias_attr=ParamAttr())
def forward(self, inputs):
outputs = self.avg_pool(inputs)
outputs = self.conv1(outputs)
outputs = F.relu(outputs)
outputs = self.conv2(outputs)
outputs = hardsigmoid(outputs)
return paddle.multiply(x=inputs, y=outputs)
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