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the Cantorian and Cantor-Type Cylindrical Coordinates"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,149.0,716.0,149.0,716.0,180.0,89.0,180.0],"score":0.95,"text":"Ya-Juan Hao,1 H. M. Srivastava,2 Hossein Jafari 3 and Xiao-Jun Yang"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,200.0,718.0,205.0,718.0,246.0,86.0,241.0],"score":0.93,"text":"1College of Science, Yanshan Universiy, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[84.0,234.0,1085.0,236.0,1085.0,278.0,84.0,275.0],"score":0.96,"text":" 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiyof Victora, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3R4"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,270.0,1134.0,273.0,1134.0,307.0,86.0,305.0],"score":0.98,"text":"3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47415-416, Iran"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,305.0,1164.0,309.0,1163.0,344.0,88.0,339.0],"score":0.98,"text":"4Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, China University ofMining and Technology, Jangsu, Xuzhou 221008, China"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,361.0,497.0,361.0,497.0,392.0,89.0,392.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Received 9 June 2013; Accepted 7 July 2013"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,414.0,465.0,414.0,465.0,446.0,89.0,446.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Academic Editor: J. A. Tenreiro Machado"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,495.0,873.0,495.0,873.0,529.0,89.0,529.0],"score":0.99,"text":"distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,558.0,177.0,558.0,177.0,585.0,91.0,585.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Abstract"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,614.0,1532.0,614.0,1532.0,646.0,89.0,646.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The main object of this paper is to investigate the Helmholtz and difusion equations on the Cantor sets involving local fractional derivative operators. The Cantor-type"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,641.0,1510.0,641.0,1510.0,672.0,89.0,672.0],"score":0.99,"text":"cylindrical-coordinate method is applied to handle the corresponding local fractional differential equations. Two ilustrative examples for the Helmholtz and diffusion"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,670.0,1070.0,670.0,1070.0,704.0,89.0,704.0],"score":0.98,"text":"equations on the Cantor sets are shown by making use ofthe Cantorian and Cantor-type cylindrical coordinates."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,465.0,180.0,465.0,180.0,497.0,91.0,497.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Copyright"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[205.0,465.0,1493.0,465.0,1493.0,497.0,205.0,497.0],"score":0.98,"text":"2013 Ya- Juan Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Atribution License, which permits unrestricted use,"}],"page_info":{"page_no":1,"height":2339,"width":1653}}]
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for Space Science (ANGKASA), Universi Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,175.0,1230.0,175.0,1230.0,210.0,91.0,210.0],"score":0.97,"text":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,224.0,841.0,227.0,841.0,261.0,86.0,258.0],"score":0.99,"text":" Received 25 October 2013; Accepted 17 November 2013; Published 27 April 2014"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,280.0,364.0,280.0,364.0,312.0,91.0,312.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Academic Editor: Rezaul Azim"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,363.0,873.0,363.0,873.0,395.0,89.0,395.0],"score":0.98,"text":"distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,424.0,177.0,424.0,177.0,451.0,91.0,451.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Abstract"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,480.0,1547.0,480.0,1547.0,512.0,91.0,512.0],"score":0.98,"text":"A double inverted F-shape patch antenna is presented for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is comprised ofcircular and rectangular slots on a printed circuit"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,597.0,1045.0,597.0,1045.0,629.0,89.0,629.0],"score":0.99,"text":"bands. Moreover, numerical simulations have been indicated as an important uniformity with measured results."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,658.0,236.0,658.0,236.0,685.0,91.0,685.0],"score":1.0,"text":"1. Introduction"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,714.0,1498.0,714.0,1498.0,748.0,89.0,748.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The raising demands of wireless communication systems enforce the improvement of dual band antennas that have abilities to operate under different standards in"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[84.0,738.0,1550.0,741.0,1550.0,782.0,84.0,780.0],"score":0.79,"text":"different fqucyba. dan nwre catons he ducd tr ds in the antea tlgy It als pavedt wayfrwidesa"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[84.0,767.0,1483.0,770.0,1483.0,811.0,84.0,809.0],"score":0.83,"text":"ofmobile phnes nmde socity reulting n mounng concems surodng its hamul radiation [1 2]. Mrostrip patch anta plays an iortant role a a"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,802.0,1528.0,802.0,1528.0,836.0,89.0,836.0],"score":0.98,"text":"harbinger in wireless communication systems and is gradually carrying out to face the changing demands ofupdate antena technology. Microstrip patch antennas are"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,831.0,1542.0,831.0,1542.0,865.0,91.0,865.0],"score":0.98,"text":"presently under concern for using in broadband comunication systems due to their attractive characteristics, such as low profle, low cost, ightweight, wide frequency"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,860.0,1532.0,860.0,1532.0,892.0,91.0,892.0],"score":0.97,"text":"bandwidth, ease of fabrication, and easy integration with monolithic microwave integrated circuits [3, 4]. However, the limitations ofthe microstrip patch antennas are"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,889.0,1505.0,889.0,1505.0,921.0,91.0,921.0],"score":0.98,"text":"having narrow bandwidth, and for that reason the demand of the bandwidth enhancement is gradualy rising in the practical applications [5]. In order to enhance its"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,919.0,1513.0,919.0,1513.0,953.0,89.0,953.0],"score":0.97,"text":"bandwidth, many approaches have been applied conventionaly, such as using thick substrates with low dielectrics constant, impedance matching network, parasitic"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,948.0,1341.0,948.0,1341.0,979.0,89.0,979.0],"score":0.98,"text":"patches stacked on the top ofthe main patch [6], slots lbaded on the patch, high dielectric constant substrate, and adopting short-circuit pin [Z]."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,997.0,1552.0,997.0,1552.0,1031.0,89.0,1031.0],"score":0.98,"text":"In [8], a rectangular slot antenna has been stated for dual frequency operation Reference [9] has narrated a printed dipole antenna to cover dual band with U-slot arms."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1028.0,1486.0,1028.0,1486.0,1060.0,89.0,1060.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Reference [10] has been reported a low cost microstrip dipole antenna for wireless communications. In [11], a PIFA antenna has been presented for dual band "},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1053.0,1562.0,1053.0,1562.0,1094.0,86.0,1094.0],"score":0.96,"text":"operation with U-slot. Reference [12] has been mentioned a dual lop antea for 2.4/5 GHz wireless LAN. A monopole antema with double-T has been stated in [13]"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1082.0,1555.0,1084.0,1555.0,1118.0,86.0,1116.0],"score":0.99,"text":" for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN operations. A dual polarized antemna has been mentioned in [14] for Ku-band application. Microstrip antennas on FR4 substrate material were"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1113.0,475.0,1113.0,475.0,1148.0,89.0,1148.0],"score":0.98,"text":"discussed for UWB applications in [15, 16]."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1172.0,1513.0,1172.0,1513.0,1206.0,89.0,1206.0],"score":0.99,"text":"In this research, a double inverted F-shape 40 \u00d7 40 mm? patch antenna for dual-band operation has been proposed and investigated to increase the bandwidth and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1201.0,1562.0,1201.0,1562.0,1233.0,91.0,1233.0],"score":0.99,"text":"reduce the size at the same time. The effect on antenna resonances and other antenna parameters is concentrated due to slots on the patch and ground plane to design the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1230.0,1537.0,1228.0,1537.0,1262.0,89.0,1265.0],"score":0.97,"text":"proposed dual-band double inverted F-shape antenna with enhanced bandwidth and effciency. Some techniques are employed such as increasing substrate thickness,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1260.0,1547.0,1260.0,1547.0,1294.0,89.0,1294.0],"score":0.98,"text":"changing patch by cutting rectangular slots, and cutting ground plane to achieve the resultant parameters such as impedance matching, gain, radiation pattern, and return"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1289.0,1129.0,1289.0,1129.0,1323.0,89.0,1323.0],"score":0.97,"text":"loss. The results have been given a hint that the proposed antemna is appropriate for X-band and Ku-band applications."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1345.0,470.0,1345.0,470.0,1377.0,89.0,1377.0],"score":0.99,"text":"2. Antenna Geometry and Optimization"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1606.0,1488.0,1606.0,1488.0,1640.0,89.0,1640.0],"score":0.99,"text":"The geometry ofthe proposed antenna is as shown in Figure 1. The antenna consists ofrectangular conducting slots on patch and two on the ground. The design"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1667.0,1523.0,1667.0,1523.0,1701.0,89.0,1701.0],"score":0.97,"text":"relative permittity 4.60, relative permeabilty 1, and dielectric loss tangent 0.02. A rectangular slot is cut fromone side of the copper patch to another. Another two"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1693.0,1154.0,1696.0,1154.0,1730.0,86.0,1727.0],"score":0.98,"text":"rectangular slots are also cut from the middle ofthe patch. Five lateral rectangular slots are also cut from the ground plane."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1781.0,684.0,1779.0,684.0,1813.0,86.0,1815.0],"score":0.98,"text":" Figure 1: The proposed antenna (a) top view and (b) Bottom view."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[93.0,1864.0,1168.0,1864.0,1168.0,1898.0,93.0,1898.0],"score":0.97,"text":"width, and slots of the proposed antenna endlessly. Here, microstrip line is used to provide feeding to the proposed antenna."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,2207.0,1542.0,2207.0,1542.0,2239.0,89.0,2239.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The return loss of simulation with different substrate materials is demonstrated in Figure 4. Teflon is a fuorine plastic that is very slippery with physical properties. It is a"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1552.0,396.0,1552.0,396.0,1584.0,89.0,1584.0],"score":0.97,"text":"the dielectric constant of substrate,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,568.0,826.0,568.0,826.0,602.0,91.0,602.0],"score":0.98,"text":"upper band, respectively. It has achieved stable radiation effciencies of 79. 76% and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[904.0,568.0,1525.0,568.0,1525.0,602.0,904.0,602.0],"score":0.97,"text":"with average gains of 7.82 dBi and 5.66 dBi in the operating frequency"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1489.0,1966.0,1535.0,1969.0,1535.0,2010.0,1489.0,2008.0],"score":1.0,"text":"The"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[422.0,1552.0,724.0,1552.0,724.0,1584.0,422.0,1584.0],"score":0.99,"text":" is the target center frequency, and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[748.0,1552.0,1132.0,1552.0,1132.0,1584.0,748.0,1584.0],"score":0.99,"text":"is the effective dielectric constant. Consider"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,509.0,168.0,509.0,168.0,541.0,89.0,541.0],"score":1.0,"text":"board of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1481.0,538.0,1540.0,538.0,1540.0,570.0,1481.0,570.0],"score":0.96,"text":"on the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,538.0,1149.0,538.0,1149.0,570.0,89.0,570.0],"score":0.99,"text":"element method (FEM) has been adopted in this investigation. It has a measured impedance bandwidths (2 : 1 VSWR) of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1226.0,538.0,1426.0,538.0,1426.0,570.0,1226.0,570.0],"score":0.98,"text":"on the lower band and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1544.0,1406.0,1564.0,1406.0,1564.0,1440.0,1544.0,1440.0],"score":0.71,"text":".s"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1915.0,608.0,1915.0,608.0,1947.0,89.0,1947.0],"score":1.0,"text":"The subminiature version A (SMA) connector that contains"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[660.0,1915.0,1476.0,1915.0,1476.0,1947.0,660.0,1947.0],"score":0.98,"text":"is conducted at the end of antenna feeding line for input RF signal. The input impedance of the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[915.0,1406.0,1311.0,1406.0,1311.0,1440.0,915.0,1440.0],"score":0.95,"text":"and W are the length and width ofthe patch,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1327.0,1406.0,1520.0,1406.0,1520.0,1440.0,1327.0,1440.0],"score":0.92,"text":"is the velocity of ight,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1835.0,1186.0,1835.0,1186.0,1866.0,91.0,1866.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Thus, the proposed double inverted F-shape microstrip patch antenna is achieved. Two resonant frequencies, 11.32 GHz and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1293.0,1835.0,1552.0,1835.0,1552.0,1866.0,1293.0,1866.0],"score":0.98,"text":" are obtained adjusting length,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[404.0,509.0,460.0,509.0,460.0,541.0,404.0,541.0],"score":0.94,"text":"with a"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[512.0,509.0,1508.0,509.0,1508.0,541.0,512.0,541.0],"score":0.97,"text":"microstrip transmission line. Commercially available high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) based on the finite "},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1637.0,1230.0,1637.0,1230.0,1669.0,89.0,1669.0],"score":0.97,"text":"procedure begins with the radiating patch with substrate, ground plane, and a feed line. It has been printed on a FR4 substrate with"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1302.0,1637.0,1500.0,1637.0,1500.0,1669.0,1302.0,1669.0],"score":1.0,"text":"thickness that contains"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1328.0,1966.0,1369.0,1969.0,1369.0,2010.0,1328.0,2008.0],"score":0.99,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,331.0,180.0,331.0,180.0,365.0,89.0,365.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Copyright"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[205.0,331.0,1488.0,331.0,1488.0,365.0,205.0,365.0],"score":0.97,"text":"2014 M. M. Islam et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Atribution License, which permits unrestricted use,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1944.0,1018.0,1942.0,1018.0,1976.0,89.0,1978.0],"score":0.98,"text":"proposed antenna is as shown in Figure 2. Finally the optimal dimensions have been determined as follows:"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,2005.0,558.0,2005.0,558.0,2039.0,89.0,2039.0],"score":0.97,"text":"proposed prototype of the antenna is shown in Figure"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1406.0,660.0,1406.0,660.0,1440.0,89.0,1440.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The length and width ofthe patch antenna can be calculated fom"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[691.0,1406.0,895.0,1406.0,895.0,1440.0,691.0,1440.0],"score":0.97,"text":"narrated in [17]. 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for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When we used Teflon (tm) as a substrate material, there was no resonance on the lower band. But, resonance was found at"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,195.0,713.0,195.0,713.0,227.0,89.0,227.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Figure 4: Comparisons of simulated return loss with different materials."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,249.0,1550.0,249.0,1550.0,283.0,91.0,283.0],"score":0.97,"text":"Duroid (tm) is a circuit material with high frequency that is flled with PTFE composite. There are many benefts ofDuroid (tm) substrate material such as low outgassing"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,278.0,1537.0,278.0,1537.0,312.0,91.0,312.0],"score":0.98,"text":"for space applications, low moisture absorption, and low electrical loss. This material is extensively used in space satelite transceivers, radar systems based on ground"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,307.0,1545.0,307.0,1545.0,341.0,91.0,341.0],"score":0.98,"text":"and airbome, missile guidance systems, and military radar systems. When we used Duroid (tm) as a substrate material there was no resonance on the upper band. But,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,387.0,1532.0,387.0,1532.0,422.0,91.0,422.0],"score":0.96,"text":"Bakelite is one type ofplastic that is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin. It is made from synthetic components achieved from an elmination reaction of phenol"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,417.0,1486.0,417.0,1486.0,451.0,91.0,451.0],"score":0.98,"text":"with formaldehyde. It has several uses such as in radio, electrical insulators, and telephone casings. When we used Bakelite as a substrate material, there was no"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,478.0,145.0,478.0,145.0,507.0,89.0,507.0],"score":0.99,"text":"GHz)."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,529.0,1515.0,529.0,1515.0,563.0,91.0,563.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Aluminum is a silvery soft, white ductle material. Alminium is extensively used in transportation, aerospace industry, and structural materials. It has low density and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,558.0,1550.0,558.0,1550.0,592.0,91.0,592.0],"score":0.98,"text":"abilty to resist corrosion for which it is popular. When we used aluminum as a substrate material there was no resonance on the lower band. But,resonance was found"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,638.0,1528.0,638.0,1528.0,672.0,89.0,672.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Finaly, FR4 has been used in the proposed design as substrate material. One resonance was achieved at 11.32 GHz center frequency on the lower band and another"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,668.0,1072.0,668.0,1072.0,702.0,91.0,702.0],"score":0.97,"text":"resonance at 14.96 GHz on the upper band. The dielectric properties of the materials have been listed in Table 1."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,755.0,549.0,755.0,549.0,787.0,89.0,787.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Table 1: Dielectric properties of substrate materials."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,806.0,1562.0,806.0,1562.0,841.0,91.0,841.0],"score":0.96,"text":"A parametric study has been done to observe the effects ofthe proposed antenna parameters. Mainly, the effects ofthe difeent parameters on the return loss have been"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,838.0,182.0,838.0,182.0,865.0,91.0,865.0],"score":1.0,"text":"observed."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[84.0,1574.0,342.0,1574.0,342.0,1606.0,84.0,1606.0],"score":0.97,"text":" 3. Results and Discussion"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1637.0,1518.0,1637.0,1518.0,1669.0,89.0,1669.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The anechoic chamber used in this study which was conducted by the microwave laboratory, at the Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), UKM, Malaysia, had"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1669.0,1523.0,1669.0,1523.0,1701.0,89.0,1701.0],"score":0.97,"text":"been ilustrated in Figure 8. The dimensions ofthis anechoic chamber are 5.5 \u00d7 4.5 \u00d7 3.5 m?'. A reference antenna, a horn antenna, was used in this analysis that was"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1844.0,760.0,1844.0,760.0,1879.0,89.0,1879.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Figure 8: The photograph of anechoic chamber for prototype measurement."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1896.0,1513.0,1896.0,1513.0,1927.0,89.0,1927.0],"score":0.97,"text":"The return loss with measurement and simulation of the proposed microstrip antenna has been demonstrated in Figure 9. The -10 dB bandwidths of2.12 GHz from"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1925.0,1540.0,1925.0,1540.0,1959.0,91.0,1959.0],"score":0.99,"text":"10.92 GHz to 13.04 GHz and 1.08 GHz from 14.40 GHz to 15.48 GHz have been achieved from the measurements which show that at the lower band the resonance"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1954.0,1560.0,1954.0,1560.0,1988.0,91.0,1988.0],"score":0.96,"text":"shifted from 11.32 GHz to 11.44 GHz and the bandwidth slightly decreased. Moreover, at the upper band the resonant frequency shifted from 14.96 GHz to 14.84 GHz"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,2071.0,844.0,2071.0,844.0,2103.0,91.0,2103.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Figure 9: Comparisons between simulated and measured return loss on FR4 material."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,2122.0,1520.0,2122.0,1520.0,2156.0,91.0,2156.0],"score":0.97,"text":"Gain ofthe proposed antenna has been shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 has ilustrated that 7.82 dBi achieved at the frst resonance for 11.44 GHz and 5.66 dBiat the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,2151.0,1547.0,2151.0,1547.0,2186.0,91.0,2186.0],"score":0.97,"text":"second resonance 14.84 GHz In adition, the gain for the upper band is less than that for the lower band. Figure 11 shows VSWR ofthe proposed antenna. The value"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,2181.0,1552.0,2181.0,1552.0,2215.0,91.0,2215.0],"score":0.97,"text":"of VSWR is less than 2 that is found fromthe graph apparently. It is a desired value. Figure 12 has shown the radiation effciency of the proposed antenna. In Figure 11,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,2210.0,1537.0,2210.0,1537.0,2242.0,91.0,2242.0],"score":0.98,"text":"the average lower band efficiency is 79.76% whereas 80.36% is the higher band efficiency. It can also be observed that lower band radiation efficiency is smaller than"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1230.0,702.0,1230.0,702.0,1262.0,89.0,1262.0],"score":0.99,"text":"better coupling has been acquired at the upper band using the value of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1318.0,570.0,1318.0,570.0,1350.0,89.0,1350.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure 6: Reflection coefficient with different values off"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[605.0,1318.0,612.0,1318.0,612.0,1350.0,605.0,1350.0],"score":0.54,"text":"\uff1a"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1087.0,168.0,1087.0,168.0,1121.0,89.0,1121.0],"score":0.92,"text":"By using"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1170.0,497.0,1170.0,497.0,1201.0,89.0,1201.0],"score":0.97,"text":"The reflection coeficient for different values of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1430.0,1134.0,1430.0,1134.0,1464.0,91.0,1464.0],"score":0.98,"text":"microstrip line has greater significance to the coupling at the entire frequency bands. The coupling can be achieved when"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1369.0,629.0,1369.0,629.0,1401.0,89.0,1401.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure Z shows the reflection coefficient for different values of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1520.0,570.0,1515.0,570.0,1547.0,86.0,1552.0],"score":0.96,"text":"Figure 7: Reflection coeficient with different values of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1215.0,1199.0,1562.0,1199.0,1562.0,1233.0,1215.0,1233.0],"score":0.98,"text":". It was seen from the graph clearly that"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,887.0,148.0,887.0,148.0,919.0,89.0,919.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Figure"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1169.0,1430.0,1190.0,1430.0,1190.0,1464.0,1169.0,1464.0],"score":0.81,"text":".s"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[737.0,1230.0,764.0,1230.0,764.0,1262.0,737.0,1262.0],"score":1.0,"text":"as"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[822.0,1230.0,1121.0,1230.0,1121.0,1262.0,822.0,1262.0],"score":0.97,"text":" That is why the optimized value is"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[533.0,1170.0,720.0,1170.0,720.0,1201.0,533.0,1201.0],"score":0.98,"text":" is as shown in Figure"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1171.0,1399.0,1503.0,1399.0,1503.0,1433.0,1171.0,1433.0],"score":0.99,"text":". It was observed that the width of the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1158.0,916.0,1537.0,914.0,1537.0,948.0,1158.0,950.0],"score":0.97,"text":" It was shown that resonances were shifted"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1107.0,106.0,1117.0,106.0,1154.0,85.0,1144.0],"score":0.59,"text":".5"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[939.0,1399.0,979.0,1399.0,979.0,1433.0,939.0,1433.0],"score":1.0,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[206.0,1399.0,463.0,1399.0,463.0,1433.0,206.0,1433.0],"score":0.96,"text":"W2 = 7 mm, Lg = 40 mm,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1698.0,1051.0,1698.0,1051.0,1732.0,89.0,1732.0],"score":0.97,"text":"double ridge guided. Pyramidal shaped absorbers have been used on the walls, ceiling, and floor with less than"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1095.0,1698.0,1500.0,1698.0,1500.0,1732.0,1095.0,1732.0],"score":0.98,"text":"dB reflectivity. The diameter of the turntable is"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[112.0,1757.0,886.0,1757.0,886.0,1788.0,112.0,1788.0],"score":0.99,"text":"shaped proposed antenna has been measured in a standard far-field testing environment."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[939.0,916.0,979.0,914.0,979.0,948.0,939.0,950.0],"score":1.0,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,587.0,776.0,587.0,776.0,621.0,89.0,621.0],"score":0.98,"text":"at 14.32 GHz centre frequency on the upper band where -10 dB bandwidth is"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1158.0,446.0,1540.0,443.0,1540.0,478.0,1158.0,480.0],"score":0.98,"text":"bandwidth is 1.68 GHz (14.64 GHz-13.96"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1725.0,1198.0,1725.0,1198.0,1759.0,91.0,1759.0],"score":0.99,"text":"A vector network analyzer (VNA) (model mumber: Agilent E8362C) has been used for the measurements with a range ofup to"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1277.0,1725.0,1560.0,1725.0,1560.0,1759.0,1277.0,1759.0],"score":0.98,"text":"In this way, the prototype of the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,446.0,607.0,443.0,607.0,478.0,86.0,480.0],"score":1.0,"text":"resonance on the lower band. But, resonance was found at"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[710.0,446.0,1083.0,443.0,1083.0,478.0,710.0,480.0],"score":0.99,"text":"center frequency on the upper band where"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[740.0,1170.0,836.0,1170.0,836.0,1201.0,740.0,1201.0],"score":0.92,"text":" It includes"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[167.0,887.0,633.0,887.0,633.0,919.0,167.0,919.0],"score":0.98,"text":"shows the reflection coeffcient for different values of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[654.0,887.0,755.0,887.0,755.0,919.0,654.0,919.0],"score":0.96,"text":" It includes"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[850.0,334.0,966.0,334.0,966.0,368.0,850.0,368.0],"score":1.0,"text":"bandwidth is"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[597.0,1199.0,606.0,1199.0,606.0,1233.0,597.0,1233.0],"score":0.91,"text":"\uff0c"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,334.0,301.0,334.0,301.0,368.0,91.0,368.0],"score":0.99,"text":"resonance was found at"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[404.0,334.0,775.0,334.0,775.0,368.0,404.0,368.0],"score":1.0,"text":"center frequency on the lower band where"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[982.0,1199.0,1022.0,1199.0,1022.0,1233.0,982.0,1233.0],"score":1.0,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1199.0,131.0,1199.0,131.0,1233.0,91.0,1233.0],"score":0.92,"text":"mm,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1976.0,511.0,1981.0,511.0,2022.0,86.0,2017.0],"score":0.95,"text":"and the bandwidth decreased fom 1.16 GHzto"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[605.0,1976.0,1144.0,1981.0,1144.0,2022.0,605.0,2017.0],"score":0.91,"text":"whie the retum los ale decreased at resonancefequency."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[664.0,1369.0,766.0,1369.0,766.0,1401.0,664.0,1401.0],"score":0.97,"text":". It includes"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1035.0,633.0,1035.0,633.0,1067.0,89.0,1067.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure 5: Reflection coefficient with different values of radius,"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,105.0,565.0,107.0,565.0,149.0,86.0,146.0],"score":0.98,"text":"14.68 GHz center fequency on the upper band where"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[608.0,105.0,755.0,107.0,755.0,149.0,608.0,146.0],"score":0.97,"text":"dB bandwidth is"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,945.0,660.0,948.0,660.0,982.0,86.0,979.0],"score":0.97,"text":" on both ofthe lower and upper bands using the value ofradius as"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[717.0,945.0,753.0,948.0,753.0,982.0,717.0,979.0],"score":1.0,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[273.0,1087.0,1527.0,1087.0,1527.0,1121.0,273.0,1121.0],"score":0.98,"text":" desired dual band has been obtained with improved bandwidth on both ofthe lower and upper bands. That is why the optimized value of 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ry_id":13,"poly":[1035,542,1138,542,1138,571,1035,571],"score":0.25,"latex":"11.32\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"},{"category_id":13,"poly":[364,572,466,572,466,599,364,599],"score":0.25,"latex":"14.96\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,168.0,460.0,168.0,460.0,202.0,89.0,202.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure 10: Gain of the proposed antenna."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,234.0,482.0,234.0,482.0,266.0,91.0,266.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Figure 11: VSWR of the proposed antenna"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,297.0,588.0,297.0,588.0,331.0,89.0,331.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure 12: Radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,348.0,1545.0,348.0,1545.0,383.0,89.0,383.0],"score":0.97,"text":"Figure 13 has been shown the current distribution ofthe proposed antenna for (a) 11.32 GHz and (b) 14.96 GHz It can be seen that a large amount of current flows at"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,378.0,1560.0,378.0,1560.0,409.0,91.0,409.0],"score":0.98,"text":"feeding line. Electric field has been created much in this point. Current distribution is more stable in lower band than in upper band. The creation ofelectric field near slots"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,407.0,1156.0,407.0,1156.0,439.0,89.0,439.0],"score":0.98,"text":"is reasonable. As a result, excitation is strong in the entire parts of the antenna on both the lower band and the upper band."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,492.0,699.0,490.0,699.0,524.0,86.0,526.0],"score":0.97,"text":"Figure 13: Current distribution at (a) 11.32 GHz and (b) 14.96 GHz."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,604.0,1518.0,604.0,1518.0,638.0,89.0,638.0],"score":0.98,"text":"polarization in radiation pattern is lowermicrostrp antenna. The cross-polarization effect is higher in the H-plane for both resonances. When frequency increases, the"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,633.0,1515.0,633.0,1515.0,668.0,89.0,668.0],"score":0.96,"text":"effect increases interpreting from the radiation pattern simply. Moreover, almost omnidirectional and symmetrical radiation patterns have been attained along both E"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,665.0,258.0,665.0,258.0,692.0,91.0,692.0],"score":1.0,"text":"plane and H-plane."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,748.0,1518.0,748.0,1518.0,782.0,89.0,782.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Figure 14: Radiation patterns of the proposed antenna, (a) 11.32 GHz at E-plane, (b) 11.32 at H-plane, (c) 14.96 GHz at E-plane, and (d) 14.96 GHz at H-plane."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,797.0,1542.0,799.0,1542.0,833.0,86.0,831.0],"score":0.97,"text":"It has been observed that the same radiation pattern exists over the X- and Ku-bands. The obtained radiation patterns denote that the proposed antenna delivers linear"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,831.0,1537.0,831.0,1537.0,863.0,89.0,863.0],"score":0.98,"text":"polarization where the level of cross-polarization is lower than that of copolarization in allof the simulated radiation patterns. When the radiation pattern ofa microstrip"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,858.0,1537.0,855.0,1537.0,889.0,89.0,892.0],"score":0.97,"text":"antenna is symmetric and ommidirectional, it faces some reasonable benefits. One is that resonance would never be shifed at diferent directions and a large amount of"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,887.0,1444.0,884.0,1444.0,919.0,89.0,921.0],"score":0.98,"text":"stable power would be at the direction of broadside beam Another advantage is that the radiation patterm would be more durable on the operational bands."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,938.0,1532.0,938.0,1532.0,972.0,91.0,972.0],"score":0.97,"text":"The phase variation ofthe proposed antenna is plotted in Figure 15. It is realized from the graph that the proposed antenna has the phase variation that is Inear across"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,970.0,1560.0,970.0,1560.0,1004.0,91.0,1004.0],"score":0.97,"text":"both the upper and the lower operating frequency bands. This phase variation indicates that all the frequency components of the signal have the same pulse distortion due"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,994.0,1122.0,994.0,1122.0,1035.0,86.0,1035.0],"score":0.96,"text":"to the same propagation delay. Comparisons between existing and proposed antenas have been tabulated in Table 2."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1087.0,657.0,1087.0,657.0,1118.0,91.0,1118.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Table 2: Comparisons between existing and proposed antennas."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1150.0,521.0,1150.0,521.0,1182.0,89.0,1182.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Figure 15: Phase value of the proposed antenna."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1201.0,1510.0,1201.0,1510.0,1233.0,89.0,1233.0],"score":0.98,"text":"The Smith chart ofthe proposed antenna is shown in Figure 16. Two resonances ml and m2 are identified clearly from this chart which has validated the evidences."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1289.0,517.0,1289.0,517.0,1323.0,89.0,1323.0],"score":1.0,"text":"Figure 16: Smith chart of the proposed antenna."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1350.0,224.0,1350.0,224.0,1377.0,91.0,1377.0],"score":1.0,"text":"4. Conclusion"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1494.0,1503.0,1494.0,1503.0,1528.0,89.0,1528.0],"score":0.96,"text":"for the proposed antenna for dual frequency operation has also been improved than conventional It is realized that a good combination has been focused between"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1523.0,1508.0,1523.0,1508.0,1554.0,89.0,1554.0],"score":0.99,"text":"measurements and simulations that validate our proposed double F-shaped design concept. The patch resonator, compact size, stable radiation patterns, low cross"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1550.0,1545.0,1550.0,1545.0,1581.0,89.0,1581.0],"score":0.98,"text":"polarization, efficiency with improved bandwidth, and higher gain have made the proposed double F-shaped antenna compatible for X-band and Ku-band applications."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1615.0,285.0,1615.0,285.0,1640.0,91.0,1640.0],"score":0.98,"text":"Conflict of Interests"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[89.0,1671.0,903.0,1671.0,903.0,1703.0,89.0,1703.0],"score":0.97,"text":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1732.0,204.0,1732.0,204.0,1759.0,91.0,1759.0],"score":1.0,"text":"References"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[113.0,1788.0,1537.0,1788.0,1537.0,1822.0,113.0,1822.0],"score":0.97,"text":"1. Y.-C. Lu and Y.-C. Lin, \u201cA mode-based design method for dual-band and self-diplexing antennas using double T-stubs loaded aperture,\u201d\" IEEE Transactions"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[145.0,1818.0,1004.0,1818.0,1004.0,1852.0,145.0,1852.0],"score":0.98,"text":"on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5596-5603, 2012. View at Google Scholar"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[111.0,1842.0,1530.0,1847.0,1530.0,1881.0,111.0,1876.0],"score":0.98,"text":" 2. M. R. I. Faruque, M. T. Islam, and N. Misran, \u201cEvaluation of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction for PIFA antenna using metamaterials,\u201d Frequenz, vol."},{"category_id":15,"poly":[143.0,1874.0,819.0,1874.0,819.0,1908.0,143.0,1908.0],"score":0.96,"text":" 64, no. 7-8, pp. 144-149, 2010. View at Google Scholar \u00b7 View at Scopus"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[111.0,1900.0,1542.0,1903.0,1542.0,1937.0,111.0,1935.0],"score":0.97,"text":" 3. J-S. Row and S.- W. 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Chang, \u201cDual broadband design of rectangular slot antenna for 2.4 and 5 GHz wireless communication,\""},{"category_id":15,"poly":[145.0,2220.0,1230.0,2225.0,1230.0,2259.0,145.0,2254.0],"score":0.96,"text":"Electronics Letters, vol. 40, no. 23, pp. 1461-1463, 2004. View at Publisher \u00b7 View at Go0gle Scholar \u00b7 View at Scopus"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[710.0,575.0,1488.0,575.0,1488.0,607.0,710.0,607.0],"score":0.99,"text":"fields indicate the cross-polar and copolar components, respectively. The effect of cross-"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[165.0,1464.0,202.0,1464.0,202.0,1496.0,165.0,1496.0],"score":1.0,"text":"and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[281.0,1464.0,1542.0,1464.0,1542.0,1496.0,281.0,1496.0],"score":0.98,"text":" Since the antenna layout is simple and straightforward, fabrication and measurement are comparatively easier. The generalized design procedure"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[86.0,1399.0,100.0,1401.0,100.0,1442.0,86.0,1440.0],"score":0.92,"text":"A"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[260.0,1399.0,1496.0,1401.0,1496.0,1442.0,260.0,1440.0],"score":0.92,"text":"double invrted F-shae patch antea has beendiscussed in this paper for dual band-operation. The measured impedance bandwidths (2 : 1"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[1004.0,2049.0,1146.0,2049.0,1146.0,2083.0,1004.0,2083.0],"score":0.96,"text":"View at Scopus"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[91.0,1433.0,462.0,1433.0,462.0,1467.0,91.0,1467.0],"score":1.0,"text":"VSWR) 2.12 GHz on the upper band and"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[554.0,1433.0,1560.0,1433.0,1560.0,1467.0,554.0,1467.0],"score":0.98,"text":"on the lower band with average gains of 7.82 dBi and 5.66 dBi have been achieved belonging to radiation eficiency"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[143.0,1991.0,604.0,1991.0,604.0,2025.0,143.0,2025.0],"score":0.99,"text":" 56, no. 5, pp. 1498-1501, 2008. View at Publisher"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[620.0,1991.0,994.0,1991.0,994.0,2025.0,620.0,2025.0],"score":0.98,"text":"View at Google Scholar : View at Scopus"},{"category_id":15,"poly":[145.0,2049.0,759.0,2049.0,759.0,2083.0,145.0,2083.0],"score":0.99,"text":"Propagation, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 994-1003, 2005. 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