OpenCLKernels.cpp 188 KB
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/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 *                                   OpenMM                                   *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 * This is part of the OpenMM molecular simulation toolkit originating from   *
 * Simbios, the NIH National Center for Physics-Based Simulation of           *
 * Biological Structures at Stanford, funded under the NIH Roadmap for        *
 * Medical Research, grant U54 GM072970. See https://simtk.org.               *
 *                                                                            *
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 * Portions copyright (c) 2008-2010 Stanford University and the Authors.      *
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 * Authors: Peter Eastman                                                     *
 * Contributors:                                                              *
 *                                                                            *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify       *
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published   *
 * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or       *
 * (at your option) any later version.                                        *
 *                                                                            *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,            *
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of             *
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the              *
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.                        *
 *                                                                            *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License   *
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.      *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#include "OpenCLKernels.h"
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#include "OpenCLForceInfo.h"
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#include "openmm/LangevinIntegrator.h"
#include "openmm/Context.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/AndersenThermostatImpl.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/CMAPTorsionForceImpl.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/ContextImpl.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/CustomHbondForceImpl.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/NonbondedForceImpl.h"
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#include "OpenCLExpressionUtilities.h"
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#include "OpenCLIntegrationUtilities.h"
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#include "OpenCLNonbondedUtilities.h"
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#include "OpenCLKernelSources.h"
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#include "lepton/Operation.h"
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#include "lepton/Parser.h"
#include "lepton/ParsedExpression.h"
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#include "../src/SimTKUtilities/SimTKOpenMMRealType.h"
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#include "openmm/internal/MSVC_erfc.h"
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#include <cmath>
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#include <set>
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using namespace OpenMM;
using namespace std;

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static string doubleToString(double value) {
    stringstream s;
    s.precision(8);
    s << scientific << value << "f";
    return s.str();
}

static string intToString(int value) {
    stringstream s;
    s << value;
    return s.str();
}

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static bool isZeroExpression(const Lepton::ParsedExpression& expression) {
    const Lepton::Operation& op = expression.getRootNode().getOperation();
    if (op.getId() != Lepton::Operation::CONSTANT)
        return false;
    return (dynamic_cast<const Lepton::Operation::Constant&>(op).getValue() == 0.0);
}

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void OpenCLCalcForcesAndEnergyKernel::initialize(const System& system) {
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}

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void OpenCLCalcForcesAndEnergyKernel::beginComputation(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getUseCutoff() && cl.getComputeForceCount()%100 == 0) {
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        cl.reorderAtoms();
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().updateNeighborListSize();
    }
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    cl.setComputeForceCount(cl.getComputeForceCount()+1);
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    cl.clearAutoclearBuffers();
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    cl.getNonbondedUtilities().prepareInteractions();
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}

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double OpenCLCalcForcesAndEnergyKernel::finishComputation(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    cl.getNonbondedUtilities().computeInteractions();
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    if (includeForces)
        cl.reduceBuffer(cl.getForceBuffers(), cl.getNumForceBuffers());
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    double sum = 0.0f;
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    if (includeEnergy) {
        OpenCLArray<cl_float>& energy = cl.getEnergyBuffer();
        energy.download();
        for (int i = 0; i < energy.getSize(); i++)
            sum += energy[i];
    }
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    return sum;
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}

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void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::initialize(const System& system) {
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}

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double OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::getTime(const ContextImpl& context) const {
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    return cl.getTime();
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}

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void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::setTime(ContextImpl& context, double time) {
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    cl.setTime(time);
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}

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void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::getPositions(ContextImpl& context, std::vector<Vec3>& positions) {
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& posq = cl.getPosq();
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    posq.download();
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    OpenCLArray<cl_int>& order = cl.getAtomIndex();
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    int numParticles = context.getSystem().getNumParticles();
    positions.resize(numParticles);
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    mm_float4 periodicBoxSize = cl.getPeriodicBoxSize();
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    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i) {
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        mm_float4 pos = posq[i];
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        mm_int4 offset = cl.getPosCellOffsets()[i];
        positions[order[i]] = Vec3(pos.x-offset.x*periodicBoxSize.x, pos.y-offset.y*periodicBoxSize.y, pos.z-offset.z*periodicBoxSize.z);
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    }
}

void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::setPositions(ContextImpl& context, const std::vector<Vec3>& positions) {
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& posq = cl.getPosq();
    OpenCLArray<cl_int>& order = cl.getAtomIndex();
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    int numParticles = context.getSystem().getNumParticles();
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i) {
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        mm_float4& pos = posq[i];
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        const Vec3& p = positions[order[i]];
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        pos.x = (cl_float) p[0];
        pos.y = (cl_float) p[1];
        pos.z = (cl_float) p[2];
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    }
    posq.upload();
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) cl.getPosCellOffsets().size(); i++)
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        cl.getPosCellOffsets()[i] = mm_int4(0, 0, 0, 0);
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}

void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::getVelocities(ContextImpl& context, std::vector<Vec3>& velocities) {
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& velm = cl.getVelm();
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    velm.download();
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    OpenCLArray<cl_int>& order = cl.getAtomIndex();
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    int numParticles = context.getSystem().getNumParticles();
    velocities.resize(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i) {
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        mm_float4 vel = velm[i];
        velocities[order[i]] = Vec3(vel.x, vel.y, vel.z);
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    }
}

void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::setVelocities(ContextImpl& context, const std::vector<Vec3>& velocities) {
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& velm = cl.getVelm();
    OpenCLArray<cl_int>& order = cl.getAtomIndex();
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    int numParticles = context.getSystem().getNumParticles();
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i) {
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        mm_float4& vel = velm[i];
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        const Vec3& p = velocities[order[i]];
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        vel.x = (cl_float) p[0];
        vel.y = (cl_float) p[1];
        vel.z = (cl_float) p[2];
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    }
    velm.upload();
}

void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::getForces(ContextImpl& context, std::vector<Vec3>& forces) {
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& force = cl.getForce();
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    force.download();
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    OpenCLArray<cl_int>& order = cl.getAtomIndex();
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    int numParticles = context.getSystem().getNumParticles();
    forces.resize(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i) {
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        mm_float4 f = force[i];
        forces[order[i]] = Vec3(f.x, f.y, f.z);
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    }
}

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void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::getPeriodicBoxVectors(ContextImpl& context, Vec3& a, Vec3& b, Vec3& c) const {
    mm_float4 box = cl.getPeriodicBoxSize();
    a = Vec3(box.x, 0, 0);
    b = Vec3(0, box.y, 0);
    c = Vec3(0, 0, box.z);
}

void OpenCLUpdateStateDataKernel::setPeriodicBoxVectors(ContextImpl& context, const Vec3& a, const Vec3& b, const Vec3& c) const {
    cl.setPeriodicBoxSize(a[0], b[1], c[2]);
}

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void OpenCLApplyConstraintsKernel::initialize(const System& system) {
}

void OpenCLApplyConstraintsKernel::apply(ContextImpl& context, double tol) {
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().applyConstraints(tol);
}

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class OpenCLBondForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
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    OpenCLBondForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const HarmonicBondForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
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    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumBonds();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double length, k;
        force.getBondParameters(index, particle1, particle2, length, k);
        particles.resize(2);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double length1, length2, k1, k2;
        force.getBondParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, length1, k1);
        force.getBondParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, length2, k2);
        return (length1 == length2 && k1 == k2);
    }
private:
    const HarmonicBondForce& force;
};

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OpenCLCalcHarmonicBondForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcHarmonicBondForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
}

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void OpenCLCalcHarmonicBondForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const HarmonicBondForce& force) {
    numBonds = force.getNumBonds();
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    if (numBonds == 0)
        return;
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    params = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, numBonds, "bondParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numBonds, "bondIndices");
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    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<mm_float2> paramVector(numBonds);
    vector<mm_int4> indicesVector(numBonds);
    for (int i = 0; i < numBonds; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double length, k;
        force.getBondParameters(i, particle1, particle2, length, k);
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        paramVector[i] = mm_float2((cl_float) length, (cl_float) k);
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int4(particle1, particle2, forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++);
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    }
    params->upload(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLBondForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::harmonicBondForce);
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calcHarmonicBondForce");
}

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double OpenCLCalcHarmonicBondForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numBonds == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numBonds);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
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    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numBonds);
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    return 0.0;
}
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class OpenCLCustomBondForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomBondForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomBondForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumBonds();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getBondParameters(index, particle1, particle2, parameters);
        particles.resize(2);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        vector<double> parameters1, parameters2;
        force.getBondParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, parameters1);
        force.getBondParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, parameters2);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) parameters1.size(); i++)
            if (parameters1[i] != parameters2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomBondForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomBondForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomBondForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
}

void OpenCLCalcCustomBondForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomBondForce& force) {
    numBonds = force.getNumBonds();
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    if (numBonds == 0)
        return;
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    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerBondParameters(), numBonds, "customBondParams");
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    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numBonds, "customBondIndices");
    string extraArguments;
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0) {
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customBondGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        extraArguments += ", __constant float* globals";
    }
    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
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    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numBonds);
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    vector<mm_int4> indicesVector(numBonds);
    for (int i = 0; i < numBonds; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getBondParameters(i, particle1, particle2, parameters);
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        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
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        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
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            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
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        indicesVector[i] = mm_int4(particle1, particle2, forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++);
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    }
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    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);
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    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomBondForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));

    // Record information for the expressions.

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = Lepton::Parser::parse(force.getEnergyFunction()).optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpression = energyExpression.differentiate("r").optimize();
    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> expressions;
    expressions["energy += "] = energyExpression;
    expressions["float dEdR = "] = forceExpression;

    // Create the kernels.

    map<string, string> variables;
    variables["r"] = "r";
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerBondParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerBondParameterName(i);
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        variables[name] = "bondParams"+params->getParameterSuffix(i);
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    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        variables[name] = value;
    }
    stringstream compute;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArguments += ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* "+buffer.getName();
        compute<<buffer.getType()<<" bondParams"<<(i+1)<<" = "<<buffer.getName()<<"[index];\n";
    }
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    vector<pair<string, string> > functions;
    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(expressions, variables, functions, "temp", "");
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    map<string, string> replacements;
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    replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = compute.str();
    replacements["EXTRA_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArguments;
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customBondForce, replacements));
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeCustomBondForces");
}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomBondForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numBonds == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
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            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numBonds);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
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        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
        int nextIndex = 6;
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        if (globals != NULL)
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(nextIndex++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(nextIndex++, buffer.getMemory());
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        }
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    }
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numBonds);
    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLAngleForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
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    OpenCLAngleForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const HarmonicAngleForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
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    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumAngles();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        double angle, k;
        force.getAngleParameters(index, particle1, particle2, particle3, angle, k);
        particles.resize(3);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
        particles[2] = particle3;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        double angle1, angle2, k1, k2;
        force.getAngleParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, particle3, angle1, k1);
        force.getAngleParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, particle3, angle2, k2);
        return (angle1 == angle2 && k1 == k2);
    }
private:
    const HarmonicAngleForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcHarmonicAngleForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcHarmonicAngleForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
}

void OpenCLCalcHarmonicAngleForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const HarmonicAngleForce& force) {
    numAngles = force.getNumAngles();
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    if (numAngles == 0)
        return;
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    params = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, numAngles, "angleParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int8>(cl, numAngles, "angleIndices");
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    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<mm_float2> paramVector(numAngles);
    vector<mm_int8> indicesVector(numAngles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numAngles; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        double angle, k;
        force.getAngleParameters(i, particle1, particle2, particle3, angle, k);
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        paramVector[i] = mm_float2((cl_float) angle, (cl_float) k);
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int8(particle1, particle2, particle3,
                forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++, forceBufferCounter[particle3]++, 0, 0);
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    }
    params->upload(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLAngleForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::harmonicAngleForce);
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calcHarmonicAngleForce");
}

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double OpenCLCalcHarmonicAngleForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numAngles == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numAngles);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
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    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numAngles);
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    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLCustomAngleForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomAngleForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomAngleForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumAngles();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getAngleParameters(index, particle1, particle2, particle3, parameters);
        particles.resize(3);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
        particles[2] = particle3;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        vector<double> parameters1, parameters2;
        force.getAngleParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, particle3, parameters1);
        force.getAngleParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, particle3, parameters2);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) parameters1.size(); i++)
            if (parameters1[i] != parameters2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomAngleForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomAngleForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomAngleForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
}

void OpenCLCalcCustomAngleForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomAngleForce& force) {
    numAngles = force.getNumAngles();
    if (numAngles == 0)
        return;
    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerAngleParameters(), numAngles, "customAngleParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int8>(cl, numAngles, "customAngleIndices");
    string extraArguments;
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0) {
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customAngleGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        extraArguments += ", __constant float* globals";
    }
    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numAngles);
    vector<mm_int8> indicesVector(numAngles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numAngles; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getAngleParameters(i, particle1, particle2, particle3, parameters);
        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int8(particle1, particle2, particle3, forceBufferCounter[particle1]++,
                forceBufferCounter[particle2]++, forceBufferCounter[particle3]++, 0, 0);
    }
    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomAngleForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));

    // Record information for the expressions.

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = Lepton::Parser::parse(force.getEnergyFunction()).optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpression = energyExpression.differentiate("theta").optimize();
    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> expressions;
    expressions["energy += "] = energyExpression;
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    expressions["float dEdAngle = "] = forceExpression;
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    // Create the kernels.

    map<string, string> variables;
    variables["theta"] = "theta";
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerAngleParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerAngleParameterName(i);
        variables[name] = "angleParams"+params->getParameterSuffix(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        variables[name] = value;
    }
    stringstream compute;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArguments += ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* "+buffer.getName();
        compute<<buffer.getType()<<" angleParams"<<(i+1)<<" = "<<buffer.getName()<<"[index];\n";
    }
    vector<pair<string, string> > functions;
    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(expressions, variables, functions, "temp", "");
    map<string, string> replacements;
    replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = compute.str();
    replacements["EXTRA_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArguments;
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customAngleForce, replacements));
    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeCustomAngleForces");
}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomAngleForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numAngles == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numAngles);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
        int nextIndex = 6;
        if (globals != NULL)
            kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(nextIndex++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(nextIndex++, buffer.getMemory());
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        }
    }
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numAngles);
    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLPeriodicTorsionForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
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    OpenCLPeriodicTorsionForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const PeriodicTorsionForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
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    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumTorsions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity;
        double phase, k;
        force.getTorsionParameters(index, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity, phase, k);
        particles.resize(4);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
        particles[2] = particle3;
        particles[3] = particle4;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity1, periodicity2;
        double phase1, phase2, k1, k2;
        force.getTorsionParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity1, phase1, k1);
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        force.getTorsionParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity2, phase2, k2);
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        return (periodicity1 == periodicity2 && phase1 == phase2 && k1 == k2);
    }
private:
    const PeriodicTorsionForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcPeriodicTorsionForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcPeriodicTorsionForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
}

void OpenCLCalcPeriodicTorsionForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const PeriodicTorsionForce& force) {
    numTorsions = force.getNumTorsions();
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    if (numTorsions == 0)
        return;
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    params = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, numTorsions, "periodicTorsionParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int8>(cl, numTorsions, "periodicTorsionIndices");
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    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<mm_float4> paramVector(numTorsions);
    vector<mm_int8> indicesVector(numTorsions);
    for (int i = 0; i < numTorsions; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity;
        double phase, k;
        force.getTorsionParameters(i, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, periodicity, phase, k);
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        paramVector[i] = mm_float4((cl_float) k, (cl_float) phase, (cl_float) periodicity, 0.0f);
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int8(particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4,
                forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++, forceBufferCounter[particle3]++, forceBufferCounter[particle4]++);
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    }
    params->upload(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLPeriodicTorsionForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::periodicTorsionForce);
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calcPeriodicTorsionForce");
}

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double OpenCLCalcPeriodicTorsionForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numTorsions == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numTorsions);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
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    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numTorsions);
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    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLRBTorsionForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
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    OpenCLRBTorsionForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const RBTorsionForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
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    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumTorsions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        double c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5;
        force.getTorsionParameters(index, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5);
        particles.resize(4);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
        particles[2] = particle3;
        particles[3] = particle4;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        double c0a, c0b, c1a, c1b, c2a, c2b, c3a, c3b, c4a, c4b, c5a, c5b;
        force.getTorsionParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, c0a, c1a, c2a, c3a, c4a, c5a);
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        force.getTorsionParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, c0b, c1b, c2b, c3b, c4b, c5b);
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        return (c0a == c0b && c1a == c1b && c2a == c2b && c3a == c3b && c4a == c4b && c5a == c5b);
    }
private:
    const RBTorsionForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcRBTorsionForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcRBTorsionForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
}

void OpenCLCalcRBTorsionForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const RBTorsionForce& force) {
    numTorsions = force.getNumTorsions();
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    if (numTorsions == 0)
        return;
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    params = new OpenCLArray<mm_float8>(cl, numTorsions, "rbTorsionParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int8>(cl, numTorsions, "rbTorsionIndices");
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    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<mm_float8> paramVector(numTorsions);
    vector<mm_int8> indicesVector(numTorsions);
    for (int i = 0; i < numTorsions; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        double c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5;
        force.getTorsionParameters(i, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5);
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        paramVector[i] = mm_float8((cl_float) c0, (cl_float) c1, (cl_float) c2, (cl_float) c3, (cl_float) c4, (cl_float) c5, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int8(particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4,
                forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++, forceBufferCounter[particle3]++, forceBufferCounter[particle4]++);
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    }
    params->upload(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLRBTorsionForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::rbTorsionForce);
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calcRBTorsionForce");
}

787
double OpenCLCalcRBTorsionForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
788
    if (numTorsions == 0)
789
        return 0.0;
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numTorsions);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
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    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numTorsions);
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    return 0.0;
}

class OpenCLCMAPTorsionForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCMAPTorsionForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CMAPTorsionForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumTorsions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int map, a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4;
        force.getTorsionParameters(index, map, a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4);
        particles.resize(8);
        particles[0] = a1;
        particles[1] = a2;
        particles[2] = a3;
        particles[3] = a4;
        particles[4] = b1;
        particles[5] = b2;
        particles[6] = b3;
        particles[7] = b4;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int map1, map2, a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4;
        force.getTorsionParameters(group1, map1, a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4);
        force.getTorsionParameters(group2, map2, a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4);
        return (map1 == map2);
    }
private:
    const CMAPTorsionForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCMAPTorsionForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCMAPTorsionForceKernel() {
    if (coefficients != NULL)
        delete coefficients;
    if (mapPositions != NULL)
        delete mapPositions;
    if (torsionMaps != NULL)
        delete torsionMaps;
    if (torsionIndices != NULL)
        delete torsionIndices;
}

void OpenCLCalcCMAPTorsionForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CMAPTorsionForce& force) {
    numTorsions = force.getNumTorsions();
    if (numTorsions == 0)
        return;
    int numMaps = force.getNumMaps();
    vector<mm_float4> coeffVec;
    vector<mm_int2> mapPositionsVec(numMaps);
    vector<double> energy;
    vector<vector<double> > c;
    int currentPosition = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < numMaps; i++) {
        int size;
        force.getMapParameters(i, size, energy);
        CMAPTorsionForceImpl::calcMapDerivatives(size, energy, c);
        mapPositionsVec[i] = mm_int2(currentPosition, size);
        currentPosition += 4*size*size;
        for (int j = 0; j < size*size; j++) {
            coeffVec.push_back(mm_float4(c[j][0], c[j][1], c[j][2], c[j][3]));
            coeffVec.push_back(mm_float4(c[j][4], c[j][5], c[j][6], c[j][7]));
            coeffVec.push_back(mm_float4(c[j][8], c[j][9], c[j][10], c[j][11]));
            coeffVec.push_back(mm_float4(c[j][12], c[j][13], c[j][14], c[j][15]));
        }
    }
    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<cl_int> torsionMapsVec(numTorsions);
    vector<mm_int16> torsionIndicesVec(numTorsions);
    for (int i = 0; i < numTorsions; i++) {
        mm_int16& ind = torsionIndicesVec[i];
        force.getTorsionParameters(i, torsionMapsVec[i], ind.s0, ind.s1, ind.s2, ind.s3, ind.s4, ind.s5, ind.s6, ind.s7);
        ind.s8 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s0]++;
        ind.s9 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s1]++;
        ind.s10 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s2]++;
        ind.s11 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s3]++;
        ind.s12 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s4]++;
        ind.s13 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s5]++;
        ind.s14 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s6]++;
        ind.s15 = forceBufferCounter[ind.s7]++;
    }
    coefficients = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, coeffVec.size(), "cmapTorsionCoefficients");
    mapPositions = new OpenCLArray<mm_int2>(cl, numMaps, "cmapTorsionMapPositions");
    torsionMaps = new OpenCLArray<cl_int>(cl, numTorsions, "cmapTorsionMaps");
    torsionIndices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int16>(cl, numTorsions, "cmapTorsionIndices");
    coefficients->upload(coeffVec);
    mapPositions->upload(mapPositionsVec);
    torsionMaps->upload(torsionMapsVec);
    torsionIndices->upload(torsionIndicesVec);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCMAPTorsionForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::cmapTorsionForce);
    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeCMAPTorsionForces");
}

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double OpenCLCalcCMAPTorsionForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numTorsions == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numTorsions);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, coefficients->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, mapPositions->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(7, torsionIndices->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(8, torsionMaps->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numTorsions);
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    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLCustomTorsionForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomTorsionForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomTorsionForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumTorsions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getTorsionParameters(index, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, parameters);
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Bug fix  
Peter Eastman committed
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        particles.resize(4);
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        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
        particles[2] = particle3;
        particles[3] = particle4;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        vector<double> parameters1, parameters2;
        force.getTorsionParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, parameters1);
        force.getTorsionParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, parameters2);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) parameters1.size(); i++)
            if (parameters1[i] != parameters2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomTorsionForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomTorsionForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomTorsionForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
}

void OpenCLCalcCustomTorsionForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomTorsionForce& force) {
    numTorsions = force.getNumTorsions();
    if (numTorsions == 0)
        return;
    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerTorsionParameters(), numTorsions, "customTorsionParams");
    indices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int8>(cl, numTorsions, "customTorsionIndices");
    string extraArguments;
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0) {
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customTorsionGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        extraArguments += ", __constant float* globals";
    }
    vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numTorsions);
    vector<mm_int8> indicesVector(numTorsions);
    for (int i = 0; i < numTorsions; i++) {
        int particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4;
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getTorsionParameters(i, particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, parameters);
        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
        indicesVector[i] = mm_int8(particle1, particle2, particle3, particle4, forceBufferCounter[particle1]++,
                forceBufferCounter[particle2]++, forceBufferCounter[particle3]++, forceBufferCounter[particle4]++);
    }
    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);
    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    int maxBuffers = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomTorsionForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));

    // Record information for the expressions.

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = Lepton::Parser::parse(force.getEnergyFunction()).optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpression = energyExpression.differentiate("theta").optimize();
    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> expressions;
    expressions["energy += "] = energyExpression;
    expressions["float dEdAngle = "] = forceExpression;

    // Create the kernels.

    map<string, string> variables;
    variables["theta"] = "theta";
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerTorsionParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerTorsionParameterName(i);
        variables[name] = "torsionParams"+params->getParameterSuffix(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        variables[name] = value;
    }
    stringstream compute;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArguments += ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* "+buffer.getName();
        compute<<buffer.getType()<<" torsionParams"<<(i+1)<<" = "<<buffer.getName()<<"[index];\n";
    }
    vector<pair<string, string> > functions;
    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(expressions, variables, functions, "temp", "");
    map<string, string> replacements;
    replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = compute.str();
    replacements["EXTRA_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArguments;
    replacements["M_PI"] = doubleToString(M_PI);
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customTorsionForce, replacements));
    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeCustomTorsionForces");
}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomTorsionForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (numTorsions == 0)
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        return 0.0;
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numTorsions);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
        int nextIndex = 6;
        if (globals != NULL)
            kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(nextIndex++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(nextIndex++, buffer.getMemory());
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        }
    }
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numTorsions);
    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLNonbondedForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLNonbondedForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const NonbondedForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        double charge1, charge2, sigma1, sigma2, epsilon1, epsilon2;
        force.getParticleParameters(particle1, charge1, sigma1, epsilon1);
        force.getParticleParameters(particle2, charge2, sigma2, epsilon2);
        return (charge1 == charge2 && sigma1 == sigma2 && epsilon1 == epsilon2);
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumExceptions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double chargeProd, sigma, epsilon;
        force.getExceptionParameters(index, particle1, particle2, chargeProd, sigma, epsilon);
        particles.resize(2);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double chargeProd1, chargeProd2, sigma1, sigma2, epsilon1, epsilon2;
        force.getExceptionParameters(group1, particle1, particle2, chargeProd1, sigma1, epsilon1);
        force.getExceptionParameters(group2, particle1, particle2, chargeProd2, sigma2, epsilon2);
        return (chargeProd1 == chargeProd2 && sigma1 == sigma2 && epsilon1 == epsilon2);
    }
private:
    const NonbondedForce& force;
};

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OpenCLCalcNonbondedForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcNonbondedForceKernel() {
    if (sigmaEpsilon != NULL)
        delete sigmaEpsilon;
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    if (exceptionParams != NULL)
        delete exceptionParams;
    if (exceptionIndices != NULL)
        delete exceptionIndices;
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    if (cosSinSums != NULL)
        delete cosSinSums;
    if (pmeGrid != NULL)
        delete pmeGrid;
    if (pmeBsplineModuliX != NULL)
        delete pmeBsplineModuliX;
    if (pmeBsplineModuliY != NULL)
        delete pmeBsplineModuliY;
    if (pmeBsplineModuliZ != NULL)
        delete pmeBsplineModuliZ;
    if (pmeBsplineTheta != NULL)
        delete pmeBsplineTheta;
    if (pmeBsplineDtheta != NULL)
        delete pmeBsplineDtheta;
    if (pmeAtomRange != NULL)
        delete pmeAtomRange;
    if (pmeAtomGridIndex != NULL)
        delete pmeAtomGridIndex;
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    if (erfcTable != NULL)
        delete erfcTable;
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    if (sort != NULL)
        delete sort;
    if (fft != NULL)
        delete fft;
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}

void OpenCLCalcNonbondedForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const NonbondedForce& force) {

    // Identify which exceptions are 1-4 interactions.

    vector<pair<int, int> > exclusions;
    vector<int> exceptions;
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumExceptions(); i++) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        double chargeProd, sigma, epsilon;
        force.getExceptionParameters(i, particle1, particle2, chargeProd, sigma, epsilon);
        exclusions.push_back(pair<int, int>(particle1, particle2));
        if (chargeProd != 0.0 || epsilon != 0.0)
            exceptions.push_back(i);
    }

    // Initialize nonbonded interactions.

    int numParticles = force.getNumParticles();
    sigmaEpsilon = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, numParticles, "sigmaEpsilon");
    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& posq = cl.getPosq();
    vector<mm_float2> sigmaEpsilonVector(numParticles);
    vector<vector<int> > exclusionList(numParticles);
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    double sumSquaredCharges = 0.0;
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    bool hasCoulomb = false;
    bool hasLJ = false;
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    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
        double charge, sigma, epsilon;
        force.getParticleParameters(i, charge, sigma, epsilon);
        posq[i].w = (float) charge;
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        if (charge != 0.0)
            hasCoulomb = true;
        if (epsilon != 0.0)
            hasLJ = true;
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    }
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) exclusions.size(); i++) {
        exclusionList[exclusions[i].first].push_back(exclusions[i].second);
        exclusionList[exclusions[i].second].push_back(exclusions[i].first);
    }
    posq.upload();
    sigmaEpsilon->upload(sigmaEpsilonVector);
    bool useCutoff = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != NonbondedForce::NoCutoff);
    bool usePeriodic = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != NonbondedForce::NoCutoff && force.getNonbondedMethod() != NonbondedForce::CutoffNonPeriodic);
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    map<string, string> defines;
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    defines["HAS_COULOMB"] = (hasCoulomb ? "1" : "0");
    defines["HAS_LENNARD_JONES"] = (hasLJ ? "1" : "0");
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        // Compute the reaction field constants.

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        double reactionFieldK = pow(force.getCutoffDistance(), -3.0)*(force.getReactionFieldDielectric()-1.0)/(2.0*force.getReactionFieldDielectric()+1.0);
        double reactionFieldC = (1.0 / force.getCutoffDistance())*(3.0*force.getReactionFieldDielectric())/(2.0*force.getReactionFieldDielectric()+1.0);
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        defines["REACTION_FIELD_K"] = doubleToString(reactionFieldK);
        defines["REACTION_FIELD_C"] = doubleToString(reactionFieldC);
    }
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    if (force.getUseDispersionCorrection())
        dispersionCoefficient = NonbondedForceImpl::calcDispersionCorrection(system, force);
    else
        dispersionCoefficient = 0.0;
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    double alpha = 0;
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    if (force.getNonbondedMethod() == NonbondedForce::Ewald) {
        // Compute the Ewald parameters.

        int kmaxx, kmaxy, kmaxz;
        NonbondedForceImpl::calcEwaldParameters(system, force, alpha, kmaxx, kmaxy, kmaxz);
        defines["EWALD_ALPHA"] = doubleToString(alpha);
        defines["TWO_OVER_SQRT_PI"] = doubleToString(2.0/sqrt(M_PI));
        defines["USE_EWALD"] = "1";
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        // Create the reciprocal space kernels.

        map<string, string> replacements;
        replacements["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(numParticles);
        replacements["KMAX_X"] = intToString(kmaxx);
        replacements["KMAX_Y"] = intToString(kmaxy);
        replacements["KMAX_Z"] = intToString(kmaxz);
        replacements["EXP_COEFFICIENT"] = doubleToString(-1.0/(4.0*alpha*alpha));
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        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::ewald, replacements);
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        ewaldSumsKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calculateEwaldCosSinSums");
        ewaldForcesKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "calculateEwaldForces");
        cosSinSums = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, (2*kmaxx-1)*(2*kmaxy-1)*(2*kmaxz-1), "cosSinSums");
    }
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    else if (force.getNonbondedMethod() == NonbondedForce::PME) {
        // Compute the PME parameters.

        int gridSizeX, gridSizeY, gridSizeZ;
        NonbondedForceImpl::calcPMEParameters(system, force, alpha, gridSizeX, gridSizeY, gridSizeZ);
        gridSizeX = OpenCLFFT3D::findLegalDimension(gridSizeX);
        gridSizeY = OpenCLFFT3D::findLegalDimension(gridSizeY);
        gridSizeZ = OpenCLFFT3D::findLegalDimension(gridSizeZ);
        defines["EWALD_ALPHA"] = doubleToString(alpha);
        defines["TWO_OVER_SQRT_PI"] = doubleToString(2.0/sqrt(M_PI));
        defines["USE_EWALD"] = "1";
        ewaldSelfEnergy = -ONE_4PI_EPS0*alpha*sumSquaredCharges/std::sqrt(M_PI);
        pmeDefines["PME_ORDER"] = intToString(PmeOrder);
        pmeDefines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(numParticles);
        pmeDefines["RECIP_EXP_FACTOR"] = doubleToString(M_PI*M_PI/(alpha*alpha));
        pmeDefines["GRID_SIZE_X"] = intToString(gridSizeX);
        pmeDefines["GRID_SIZE_Y"] = intToString(gridSizeY);
        pmeDefines["GRID_SIZE_Z"] = intToString(gridSizeZ);
        pmeDefines["EPSILON_FACTOR"] = doubleToString(std::sqrt(ONE_4PI_EPS0));

        // Create required data structures.

        pmeGrid = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, gridSizeX*gridSizeY*gridSizeZ, "pmeGrid");
        pmeBsplineModuliX = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, gridSizeX, "pmeBsplineModuliX");
        pmeBsplineModuliY = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, gridSizeY, "pmeBsplineModuliY");
        pmeBsplineModuliZ = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, gridSizeZ, "pmeBsplineModuliZ");
        pmeBsplineTheta = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, PmeOrder*numParticles, "pmeBsplineTheta");
        pmeBsplineDtheta = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, PmeOrder*numParticles, "pmeBsplineDtheta");
        pmeAtomRange = new OpenCLArray<cl_int>(cl, gridSizeX*gridSizeY*gridSizeZ+1, "pmeAtomRange");
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        pmeAtomGridIndex = new OpenCLArray<mm_int2>(cl, numParticles, "pmeAtomGridIndex");
        sort = new OpenCLSort<mm_int2>(cl, cl.getNumAtoms(), "int2", "value.y");
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        fft = new OpenCLFFT3D(cl, gridSizeX, gridSizeY, gridSizeZ);

        // Initialize the b-spline moduli.

        int maxSize = max(max(gridSizeX, gridSizeY), gridSizeZ);
        vector<double> data(PmeOrder);
        vector<double> ddata(PmeOrder);
        vector<double> bsplines_data(maxSize);
        data[PmeOrder-1] = 0.0;
        data[1] = 0.0;
        data[0] = 1.0;
        for (int i = 3; i < PmeOrder; i++) {
            double div = 1.0/(i-1.0);
            data[i-1] = 0.0;
            for (int j = 1; j < (i-1); j++)
                data[i-j-1] = div*(j*data[i-j-2]+(i-j)*data[i-j-1]);
            data[0] = div*data[0];
        }

        // Differentiate.

        ddata[0] = -data[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < PmeOrder; i++)
            ddata[i] = data[i-1]-data[i];
        double div = 1.0/(PmeOrder-1);
        data[PmeOrder-1] = 0.0;
        for (int i = 1; i < (PmeOrder-1); i++)
            data[PmeOrder-i-1] = div*(i*data[PmeOrder-i-2]+(PmeOrder-i)*data[PmeOrder-i-1]);
        data[0] = div*data[0];
        for (int i = 0; i < maxSize; i++)
            bsplines_data[i] = 0.0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= PmeOrder; i++)
            bsplines_data[i] = data[i-1];

        // Evaluate the actual bspline moduli for X/Y/Z.

        for(int dim = 0; dim < 3; dim++) {
            int ndata = (dim == 0 ? gridSizeX : dim == 1 ? gridSizeY : gridSizeZ);
            vector<cl_float> moduli(ndata);
            for (int i = 0; i < ndata; i++) {
                double sc = 0.0;
                double ss = 0.0;
                for (int j = 0; j < ndata; j++) {
                    double arg = (2.0*M_PI*i*j)/ndata;
                    sc += bsplines_data[j]*cos(arg);
                    ss += bsplines_data[j]*sin(arg);
                }
                moduli[i] = (float) (sc*sc+ss*ss);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < ndata; i++)
            {
                if (moduli[i] < 1.0e-7)
                    moduli[i] = (moduli[i-1]+moduli[i+1])*0.5f;
            }
            if (dim == 0)
                pmeBsplineModuliX->upload(moduli);
            else if (dim == 1)
                pmeBsplineModuliY->upload(moduli);
            else
                pmeBsplineModuliZ->upload(moduli);
        }
    }
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    else
        ewaldSelfEnergy = 0.0;
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    // Tabulate values of erfc().

    if (force.getNonbondedMethod() == NonbondedForce::Ewald || force.getNonbondedMethod() == NonbondedForce::PME) {
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        const int tableSize = 2048;
        defines["ERFC_TABLE_SCALE"] = doubleToString((tableSize-1)/(alpha*force.getCutoffDistance()));
        erfcTable = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, tableSize, "ErfcTable", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        vector<cl_float> erfcVector(tableSize);
        for (int i = 0; i < tableSize; ++i)
            erfcVector[i] = (float) erfc(i*(alpha*force.getCutoffDistance())/(tableSize-1));
        erfcTable->upload(erfcVector);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo("erfcTable", "float", 1, sizeof(cl_float), erfcTable->getDeviceBuffer()));
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    }
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    // Add the interaction to the default nonbonded kernel.
    
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    string source = cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::coulombLennardJones, defines);
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    cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addInteraction(useCutoff, usePeriodic, true, force.getCutoffDistance(), exclusionList, source);
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    if (hasLJ)
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addParameter(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo("sigmaEpsilon", "float", 2, sizeof(cl_float2), sigmaEpsilon->getDeviceBuffer()));
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    // Initialize the exceptions.
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    int numExceptions = exceptions.size();
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    int maxBuffers = cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getNumForceBuffers();
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    if (numExceptions > 0) {
        exceptionParams = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, numExceptions, "exceptionParams");
        exceptionIndices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numExceptions, "exceptionIndices");
        vector<mm_float4> exceptionParamsVector(numExceptions);
        vector<mm_int4> exceptionIndicesVector(numExceptions);
        vector<int> forceBufferCounter(system.getNumParticles(), 0);
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        for (int i = 0; i < numExceptions; i++) {
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            int particle1, particle2;
            double chargeProd, sigma, epsilon;
            force.getExceptionParameters(exceptions[i], particle1, particle2, chargeProd, sigma, epsilon);
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            exceptionParamsVector[i] = mm_float4((float) (ONE_4PI_EPS0*chargeProd), (float) sigma, (float) (4.0*epsilon), 0.0f);
            exceptionIndicesVector[i] = mm_int4(particle1, particle2, forceBufferCounter[particle1]++, forceBufferCounter[particle2]++);
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        }
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        exceptionParams->upload(exceptionParamsVector);
        exceptionIndices->upload(exceptionIndicesVector);
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) forceBufferCounter.size(); i++)
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            maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, forceBufferCounter[i]);
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    }
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLNonbondedForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
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    defines.clear();
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    defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    defines["NUM_EXCEPTIONS"] = intToString(numExceptions);
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::nonbondedExceptions, defines);
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    exceptionsKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeNonbondedExceptions");
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}

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double OpenCLCalcNonbondedForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        if (exceptionIndices != NULL) {
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            exceptionsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
            exceptionsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
            exceptionsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            exceptionsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, exceptionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
            exceptionsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, exceptionIndices->getDeviceBuffer());
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        }
        if (cosSinSums != NULL) {
            ewaldSumsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
            ewaldSumsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            ewaldSumsKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cosSinSums->getDeviceBuffer());
            ewaldForcesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
            ewaldForcesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            ewaldForcesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cosSinSums->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
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        if (pmeGrid != NULL) {
            cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::pme, pmeDefines);
            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "updateBsplines");
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            pmeAtomRangeKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "findAtomRangeForGrid");
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            pmeSpreadChargeKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "gridSpreadCharge");
            pmeConvolutionKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "reciprocalConvolution");
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "gridInterpolateForce");
            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, pmeBsplineTheta->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, pmeBsplineDtheta->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg(3, 2*OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*PmeOrder*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
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            pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, pmeAtomGridIndex->getDeviceBuffer());
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            pmeAtomRangeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, pmeAtomGridIndex->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeAtomRangeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, pmeAtomRange->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeAtomRangeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
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            pmeSpreadChargeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeSpreadChargeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, pmeAtomGridIndex->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeSpreadChargeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, pmeAtomRange->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeSpreadChargeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, pmeGrid->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeSpreadChargeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, pmeBsplineTheta->getDeviceBuffer());
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            pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, pmeGrid->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, pmeBsplineModuliX->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, pmeBsplineModuliY->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, pmeBsplineModuliZ->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, pmeBsplineTheta->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, pmeBsplineDtheta->getDeviceBuffer());
            pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, pmeGrid->getDeviceBuffer());
       }
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    }
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    if (exceptionIndices != NULL)
        cl.executeKernel(exceptionsKernel, exceptionIndices->getSize());
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    if (cosSinSums != NULL) {
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        mm_float4 boxSize = cl.getPeriodicBoxSize();
        mm_float4 recipBoxSize = mm_float4((float) (2*M_PI/boxSize.x), (float) (2*M_PI/boxSize.y), (float) (2*M_PI/boxSize.z), 0);
        float recipCoefficient = ONE_4PI_EPS0*4*M_PI/(boxSize.x*boxSize.y*boxSize.z);
        ewaldSumsKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(3, recipBoxSize);
        ewaldSumsKernel.setArg<cl_float>(4, recipCoefficient);
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        cl.executeKernel(ewaldSumsKernel, cosSinSums->getSize());
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        ewaldForcesKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(3, recipBoxSize);
        ewaldForcesKernel.setArg<cl_float>(4, recipCoefficient);
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        cl.executeKernel(ewaldForcesKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
    }
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    if (pmeGrid != NULL) {
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        mm_float4 boxSize = cl.getPeriodicBoxSize();
        mm_float4 invBoxSize = cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize();
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        pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(5, boxSize);
        pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(6, invBoxSize);
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        cl.executeKernel(pmeUpdateBsplinesKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
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        sort->sort(*pmeAtomGridIndex);
        pmeAtomRangeKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(3, boxSize);
        pmeAtomRangeKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(4, invBoxSize);
        cl.executeKernel(pmeAtomRangeKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
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        cl.executeKernel(pmeSpreadChargeKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
        fft->execFFT(*pmeGrid, true);
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        pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(5, invBoxSize);
        pmeConvolutionKernel.setArg<cl_float>(6, (float) (1.0/(M_PI*boxSize.x*boxSize.y*boxSize.z)));
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        cl.executeKernel(pmeConvolutionKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
        fft->execFFT(*pmeGrid, false);
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        pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(5, boxSize);
        pmeInterpolateForceKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(6, invBoxSize);
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        cl.executeKernel(pmeInterpolateForceKernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
    }
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    double energy = ewaldSelfEnergy;
    if (dispersionCoefficient != 0.0) {
        mm_float4 boxSize = cl.getPeriodicBoxSize();
        energy += dispersionCoefficient/(boxSize.x*boxSize.y*boxSize.z);
    }
    return energy;
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}

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class OpenCLCustomNonbondedForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomNonbondedForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomNonbondedForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        vector<double> params1;
        vector<double> params2;
        force.getParticleParameters(particle1, params1);
        force.getParticleParameters(particle2, params2);
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params1.size(); i++)
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            if (params1[i] != params2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
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        return force.getNumExclusions();
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    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2;
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        force.getExclusionParticles(index, particle1, particle2);
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        particles.resize(2);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomNonbondedForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomNonbondedForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomNonbondedForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
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    if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL)
        delete tabulatedFunctionParams;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
        delete tabulatedFunctions[i];
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}

void OpenCLCalcCustomNonbondedForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomNonbondedForce& force) {
    int forceIndex;
    for (forceIndex = 0; forceIndex < system.getNumForces() && &system.getForce(forceIndex) != &force; ++forceIndex)
        ;
    string prefix = "custom"+intToString(forceIndex)+"_";

    // Record parameters and exclusions.

    int numParticles = force.getNumParticles();
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    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerParticleParameters(), numParticles, "customNonbondedParameters");
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    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
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        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customNonbondedGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
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    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numParticles);
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    vector<vector<int> > exclusionList(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getParticleParameters(i, parameters);
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        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
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        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
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            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
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        exclusionList[i].push_back(i);
    }
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    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumExclusions(); i++) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        force.getExclusionParticles(i, particle1, particle2);
        exclusionList[particle1].push_back(particle2);
        exclusionList[particle2].push_back(particle1);
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    }
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    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);
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    // Record the tabulated functions.

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    OpenCLExpressionUtilities::FunctionPlaceholder fp;
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    map<string, Lepton::CustomFunction*> functions;
    vector<pair<string, string> > functionDefinitions;
    vector<mm_float4> tabulatedFunctionParamsVec(force.getNumFunctions());
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    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumFunctions(); i++) {
        string name;
        vector<double> values;
        double min, max;
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        force.getFunctionParameters(i, name, values, min, max);
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        string arrayName = prefix+"table"+intToString(i);
        functionDefinitions.push_back(make_pair(name, arrayName));
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        functions[name] = &fp;
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        tabulatedFunctionParamsVec[i] = mm_float4((float) min, (float) max, (float) ((values.size()-1)/(max-min)), values.size()-2);
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        vector<mm_float4> f = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::computeFunctionCoefficients(values, min, max);
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        tabulatedFunctions.push_back(new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, values.size()-1, "TabulatedFunction"));
        tabulatedFunctions[tabulatedFunctions.size()-1]->upload(f);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(arrayName, "float", 4, sizeof(cl_float4), tabulatedFunctions[tabulatedFunctions.size()-1]->getDeviceBuffer()));
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    }
    if (force.getNumFunctions() > 0) {
        tabulatedFunctionParams = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, tabulatedFunctionParamsVec.size(), "tabulatedFunctionParameters", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        tabulatedFunctionParams->upload(tabulatedFunctionParamsVec);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(prefix+"functionParams", "float", 4, sizeof(cl_float4), tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer()));
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    }

    // Record information for the expressions.

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    bool useCutoff = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomNonbondedForce::NoCutoff);
    bool usePeriodic = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomNonbondedForce::NoCutoff && force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomNonbondedForce::CutoffNonPeriodic);
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    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = Lepton::Parser::parse(force.getEnergyFunction(), functions).optimize();
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    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpression = energyExpression.differentiate("r").optimize();
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    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> forceExpressions;
    forceExpressions["tempEnergy += "] = energyExpression;
    forceExpressions["tempForce -= "] = forceExpression;
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    // Create the kernels.

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    map<string, string> variables;
    variables["r"] = "r";
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
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        variables[name+"1"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
        variables[name+"2"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
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    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
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        variables[name] = prefix+value;
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    }
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    stringstream compute;
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    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(forceExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, prefix+"temp", prefix+"functionParams");
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    map<string, string> replacements;
    replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = compute.str();
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    string source = cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customNonbonded, replacements);
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    cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addInteraction(useCutoff, usePeriodic, true, force.getCutoffDistance(), exclusionList, source);
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addParameter(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(prefix+"params"+intToString(i+1), buffer.getComponentType(), buffer.getNumComponents(), buffer.getSize(), buffer.getMemory()));
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    }
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(prefix+"globals", "float", 1, sizeof(cl_float), globals->getDeviceBuffer()));
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    }
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomNonbondedForceInfo(cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getNumForceBuffers(), force));
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}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomNonbondedForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
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            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
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    return 0.0;
}
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class OpenCLGBSAOBCForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLGBSAOBCForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const GBSAOBCForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        double charge1, charge2, radius1, radius2, scale1, scale2;
        force.getParticleParameters(particle1, charge1, radius1, scale1);
        force.getParticleParameters(particle2, charge2, radius2, scale2);
        return (charge1 == charge2 && radius1 == radius2 && scale1 == scale2);
    }
private:
    const GBSAOBCForce& force;
};

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OpenCLCalcGBSAOBCForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcGBSAOBCForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (bornSum != NULL)
        delete bornSum;
    if (bornRadii != NULL)
        delete bornRadii;
    if (bornForce != NULL)
        delete bornForce;
    if (obcChain != NULL)
        delete obcChain;
}

void OpenCLCalcGBSAOBCForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const GBSAOBCForce& force) {
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    OpenCLNonbondedUtilities& nb = cl.getNonbondedUtilities();
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    params = new OpenCLArray<mm_float2>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms(), "gbsaObcParams");
    bornRadii = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms(), "bornRadii");
    obcChain = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms(), "obcChain");
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    bornSum = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()*nb.getNumForceBuffers(), "bornSum");
    bornForce = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()*nb.getNumForceBuffers(), "bornForce");
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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& posq = cl.getPosq();
    int numParticles = force.getNumParticles();
    vector<mm_float2> paramsVector(numParticles);
    const double dielectricOffset = 0.009;
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
        double charge, radius, scalingFactor;
        force.getParticleParameters(i, charge, radius, scalingFactor);
        radius -= dielectricOffset;
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        paramsVector[i] = mm_float2((float) radius, (float) (scalingFactor*radius));
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        posq[i].w = (float) charge;
    }
    posq.upload();
    params->upload(paramsVector);
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    prefactor = -ONE_4PI_EPS0*((1.0/force.getSoluteDielectric())-(1.0/force.getSolventDielectric()));
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    bool useCutoff = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != GBSAOBCForce::NoCutoff);
    bool usePeriodic = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != GBSAOBCForce::NoCutoff && force.getNonbondedMethod() != GBSAOBCForce::CutoffNonPeriodic);
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    string source = OpenCLKernelSources::gbsaObc2;
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    nb.addInteraction(useCutoff, usePeriodic, false, force.getCutoffDistance(), vector<vector<int> >(), source);
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    nb.addParameter(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo("obcParams", "float", 2, sizeof(cl_float2), params->getDeviceBuffer()));;
    nb.addParameter(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo("bornForce", "float", 1, sizeof(cl_float), bornForce->getDeviceBuffer()));;
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    cl.addForce(new OpenCLGBSAOBCForceInfo(nb.getNumForceBuffers(), force));
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    cl.addAutoclearBuffer(bornSum->getDeviceBuffer(), bornSum->getSize());
    cl.addAutoclearBuffer(bornForce->getDeviceBuffer(), bornForce->getSize());
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}

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double OpenCLCalcGBSAOBCForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    OpenCLNonbondedUtilities& nb = cl.getNonbondedUtilities();
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    if (!hasCreatedKernels) {
        // These Kernels cannot be created in initialize(), because the OpenCLNonbondedUtilities has not been initialized yet then.

        hasCreatedKernels = true;
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        maxTiles = (nb.getUseCutoff() ? nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize() : 0);
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        map<string, string> defines;
        if (nb.getForceBufferPerAtomBlock())
            defines["USE_OUTPUT_BUFFER_PER_BLOCK"] = "1";
        if (nb.getUseCutoff())
            defines["USE_CUTOFF"] = "1";
        if (nb.getUsePeriodic())
            defines["USE_PERIODIC"] = "1";
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        defines["CUTOFF_SQUARED"] = doubleToString(nb.getCutoffDistance()*nb.getCutoffDistance());
        defines["PREFACTOR"] = doubleToString(prefactor);
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
        defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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        defines["NUM_BLOCKS"] = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::intToString(cl.getNumAtomBlocks());
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        string file = (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32 ? OpenCLKernelSources::gbsaObc_nvidia : OpenCLKernelSources::gbsaObc_default);
        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(file, defines);
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        int index = 0;
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        computeBornSumKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeBornSum");
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        computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, bornSum->getDeviceBuffer());
        computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        computeBornSumKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*13*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
        computeBornSumKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
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        if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
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            computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractingTiles().getDeviceBuffer());
            computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionCount().getDeviceBuffer());
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            index += 2; // The periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
            computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, maxTiles);
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            if (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32)
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                computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionFlags().getDeviceBuffer());
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        }
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        else
            computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2);
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        force1Kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeGBSAForce1");
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        index = 0;
        force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, bornRadii->getDeviceBuffer());
        force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, bornForce->getDeviceBuffer());
        force1Kernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*13*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
        force1Kernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
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        if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
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            force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractingTiles().getDeviceBuffer());
            force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionCount().getDeviceBuffer());
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            index += 2; // The periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
            force1Kernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, maxTiles);
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            if (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32)
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                force1Kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionFlags().getDeviceBuffer());
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        }
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        else
            force1Kernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2);
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        program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::gbsaObcReductions, defines);
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        reduceBornSumKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "reduceBornSum");
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, nb.getNumForceBuffers());
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        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_float>(2, 1.0f);
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_float>(3, 0.8f);
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_float>(4, 4.85f);
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, bornSum->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(7, bornRadii->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornSumKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(8, obcChain->getDeviceBuffer());
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        reduceBornForceKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "reduceBornForce");
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        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, nb.getNumForceBuffers());
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        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, bornForce->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, bornRadii->getDeviceBuffer());
        reduceBornForceKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, obcChain->getDeviceBuffer());
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    }
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    if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
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        computeBornSumKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(7, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
        computeBornSumKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(8, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
        force1Kernel.setArg<mm_float4>(9, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
        force1Kernel.setArg<mm_float4>(10, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
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        if (maxTiles < nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize()) {
            maxTiles = nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize();
            computeBornSumKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(9, maxTiles);
            force1Kernel.setArg<cl_uint>(11, maxTiles);
        }
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    }
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    int numTiles = cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2;
    cl.executeKernel(computeBornSumKernel, numTiles*OpenCLContext::TileSize);
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    cl.executeKernel(reduceBornSumKernel, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    cl.executeKernel(force1Kernel, numTiles*OpenCLContext::TileSize);
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    cl.executeKernel(reduceBornForceKernel, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    return 0.0;
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}
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class OpenCLCustomGBForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomGBForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomGBForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        vector<double> params1;
        vector<double> params2;
        force.getParticleParameters(particle1, params1);
        force.getParticleParameters(particle2, params2);
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params1.size(); i++)
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            if (params1[i] != params2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumExclusions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        force.getExclusionParticles(index, particle1, particle2);
        particles.resize(2);
        particles[0] = particle1;
        particles[1] = particle2;
    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomGBForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomGBForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomGBForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (computedValues != NULL)
        delete computedValues;
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    if (energyDerivs != NULL)
        delete energyDerivs;
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    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
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    if (valueBuffers != NULL)
        delete valueBuffers;
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    if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL)
        delete tabulatedFunctionParams;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
        delete tabulatedFunctions[i];
}

void OpenCLCalcCustomGBForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomGBForce& force) {
    bool useExclusionsForValue = false;
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    vector<string> computedValueNames(force.getNumComputedValues());
    vector<string> computedValueExpressions(force.getNumComputedValues());
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    if (force.getNumComputedValues() > 0) {
        CustomGBForce::ComputationType type;
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        force.getComputedValueParameters(0, computedValueNames[0], computedValueExpressions[0], type);
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        if (type == CustomGBForce::SingleParticle)
            throw OpenMMException("OpenCLPlatform requires that the first computed value for a CustomGBForce be of type ParticlePair or ParticlePairNoExclusions.");
        useExclusionsForValue = (type == CustomGBForce::ParticlePair);
        for (int i = 1; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
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            force.getComputedValueParameters(i, computedValueNames[i], computedValueExpressions[i], type);
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            if (type != CustomGBForce::SingleParticle)
                throw OpenMMException("OpenCLPlatform requires that a CustomGBForce only have one computed value of type ParticlePair or ParticlePairNoExclusions.");
        }
    }
    int forceIndex;
    for (forceIndex = 0; forceIndex < system.getNumForces() && &system.getForce(forceIndex) != &force; ++forceIndex)
        ;
    string prefix = "custom"+intToString(forceIndex)+"_";

    // Record parameters and exclusions.

    int numParticles = force.getNumParticles();
    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerParticleParameters(), numParticles, "customGBParameters");
    computedValues = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumComputedValues(), numParticles, "customGBComputedValues");
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customGBGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numParticles);
    vector<vector<int> > exclusionList(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getParticleParameters(i, parameters);
        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
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        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
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            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
        exclusionList[i].push_back(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumExclusions(); i++) {
        int particle1, particle2;
        force.getExclusionParticles(i, particle1, particle2);
        exclusionList[particle1].push_back(particle2);
        exclusionList[particle2].push_back(particle1);
    }
    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);

    // Record the tabulated functions.

    OpenCLExpressionUtilities::FunctionPlaceholder fp;
    map<string, Lepton::CustomFunction*> functions;
    vector<pair<string, string> > functionDefinitions;
    vector<mm_float4> tabulatedFunctionParamsVec(force.getNumFunctions());
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    stringstream tableArgs;
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    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumFunctions(); i++) {
        string name;
        vector<double> values;
        double min, max;
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        force.getFunctionParameters(i, name, values, min, max);
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        string arrayName = prefix+"table"+intToString(i);
        functionDefinitions.push_back(make_pair(name, arrayName));
        functions[name] = &fp;
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        tabulatedFunctionParamsVec[i] = mm_float4((float) min, (float) max, (float) ((values.size()-1)/(max-min)), values.size()-2);
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        vector<mm_float4> f = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::computeFunctionCoefficients(values, min, max);
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        tabulatedFunctions.push_back(new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, values.size()-1, "TabulatedFunction"));
        tabulatedFunctions[tabulatedFunctions.size()-1]->upload(f);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(arrayName, "float", 4, sizeof(cl_float4), tabulatedFunctions[tabulatedFunctions.size()-1]->getDeviceBuffer()));
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        tableArgs << ", __global float4* " << arrayName;
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    }
    if (force.getNumFunctions() > 0) {
        tabulatedFunctionParams = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, tabulatedFunctionParamsVec.size(), "tabulatedFunctionParameters", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        tabulatedFunctionParams->upload(tabulatedFunctionParamsVec);
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(prefix+"functionParams", "float", 4, sizeof(cl_float4), tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer()));
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        tableArgs << ", __constant float4* " << prefix << "functionParams";
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    }

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    // Record the global parameters.
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    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
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    // Record derivatives of expressions needed for the chain rule terms.

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    vector<vector<Lepton::ParsedExpression> > valueGradientExpressions(force.getNumComputedValues());
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    vector<vector<Lepton::ParsedExpression> > valueDerivExpressions(force.getNumComputedValues());
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    needParameterGradient = false;
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    for (int i = 1; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
        Lepton::ParsedExpression ex = Lepton::Parser::parse(computedValueExpressions[i], functions).optimize();
        valueGradientExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate("x").optimize());
        valueGradientExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate("y").optimize());
        valueGradientExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate("z").optimize());
        if (!isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][0]) || !isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][1]) || !isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][2]))
            needParameterGradient = true;
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         for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
            valueDerivExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate(computedValueNames[j]).optimize());
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    }
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    vector<vector<Lepton::ParsedExpression> > energyDerivExpressions(force.getNumEnergyTerms());
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    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumEnergyTerms(); i++) {
        string expression;
        CustomGBForce::ComputationType type;
        force.getEnergyTermParameters(i, expression, type);
        Lepton::ParsedExpression ex = Lepton::Parser::parse(expression, functions).optimize();
        for (int j = 0; j < force.getNumComputedValues(); j++) {
            if (type == CustomGBForce::SingleParticle)
                energyDerivExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate(computedValueNames[j]).optimize());
            else {
                energyDerivExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate(computedValueNames[j]+"1").optimize());
                energyDerivExpressions[i].push_back(ex.differentiate(computedValueNames[j]+"2").optimize());
            }
        }
    }
    energyDerivs = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumComputedValues(), cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()*cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getNumForceBuffers(), "customGBEnergyDerivatives");

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    // Create the kernels.

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    bool useCutoff = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomGBForce::NoCutoff);
    bool usePeriodic = (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomGBForce::NoCutoff && force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomGBForce::CutoffNonPeriodic);
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    {
        // Create the N2 value kernel.

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        map<string, string> variables;
        map<string, string> rename;
        variables["r"] = "r";
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
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            variables[name+"1"] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[name+"2"] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
            rename[name+"1"] = name+"2";
            rename[name+"2"] = name+"1";
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        }
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
            string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
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            variables[name] = value;
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        }
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        map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> n2ValueExpressions;
        stringstream n2ValueSource;
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        Lepton::ParsedExpression ex = Lepton::Parser::parse(computedValueExpressions[0], functions).optimize();
        n2ValueExpressions["tempValue1 = "] = ex;
        n2ValueExpressions["tempValue2 = "] = ex.renameVariables(rename);
        n2ValueSource << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(n2ValueExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", prefix+"functionParams");
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        map<string, string> replacements;
        replacements["COMPUTE_VALUE"] = n2ValueSource.str();
        stringstream extraArgs, loadLocal1, loadLocal2, load1, load2;
        if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
            extraArgs << ", __constant float* globals";
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            string paramName = "params"+intToString(i+1);
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            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* global_" << paramName << ", __local " << buffer.getType() << "* local_" << paramName;
            loadLocal1 << "local_" << paramName << "[get_local_id(0)] = " << paramName << "1;\n";
            loadLocal2 << "local_" << paramName << "[get_local_id(0)] = global_" << paramName << "[j];\n";
            load1 << buffer.getType() << " " << paramName << "1 = global_" << paramName << "[atom1];\n";
            load2 << buffer.getType() << " " << paramName << "2 = local_" << paramName << "[atom2];\n";
        }
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        replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
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        replacements["LOAD_LOCAL_PARAMETERS_FROM_1"] = loadLocal1.str();
        replacements["LOAD_LOCAL_PARAMETERS_FROM_GLOBAL"] = loadLocal2.str();
        replacements["LOAD_ATOM1_PARAMETERS"] = load1.str();
        replacements["LOAD_ATOM2_PARAMETERS"] = load2.str();
        map<string, string> defines;
        if (cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getForceBufferPerAtomBlock())
            defines["USE_OUTPUT_BUFFER_PER_BLOCK"] = "1";
        if (useCutoff)
            defines["USE_CUTOFF"] = "1";
        if (usePeriodic)
            defines["USE_PERIODIC"] = "1";
        if (useExclusionsForValue)
            defines["USE_EXCLUSIONS"] = "1";
        defines["CUTOFF_SQUARED"] = doubleToString(force.getCutoffDistance()*force.getCutoffDistance());
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
        defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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        defines["NUM_BLOCKS"] = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::intToString(cl.getNumAtomBlocks());
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        string file = (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32 ? OpenCLKernelSources::customGBValueN2_nvidia : OpenCLKernelSources::customGBValueN2_default);
        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(file, replacements), defines);
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        pairValueKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeN2Value");
    }
    {
        // Create the kernel to reduce the N2 value and calculate other values.

        stringstream reductionSource, extraArgs;
        if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
            extraArgs << ", __constant float* globals";
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            string paramName = "params"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* " << paramName;
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        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
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            string valueName = "values"+intToString(i+1);
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            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* global_" << valueName;
            reductionSource << buffer.getType() << " local_" << valueName << ";\n";
        }
        reductionSource << "local_values" << computedValues->getParameterSuffix(0) << " = sum;\n";
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        map<string, string> variables;
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        variables["x"] = "pos.x";
        variables["y"] = "pos.y";
        variables["z"] = "pos.z";
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getPerParticleParameterName(i)] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "[index]");
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getGlobalParameterName(i)] = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        for (int i = 1; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
            variables[computedValueNames[i-1]] = "local_values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i-1);
            map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> valueExpressions;
            valueExpressions["local_values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i)+" = "] = Lepton::Parser::parse(computedValueExpressions[i], functions).optimize();
            reductionSource << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(valueExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "value"+intToString(i)+"_temp", "functionParams");
        }
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
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            string valueName = "values"+intToString(i+1);
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            reductionSource << "global_" << valueName << "[index] = local_" << valueName << ";\n";
        }
        map<string, string> replacements;
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        replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
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        replacements["COMPUTE_VALUES"] = reductionSource.str();
        map<string, string> defines;
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
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        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customGBValuePerParticle, replacements), defines);
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        perParticleValueKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computePerParticleValues");
    }
    {
        // Create the N2 energy kernel.

        map<string, string> variables;
        variables["r"] = "r";
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
            variables[name+"1"] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[name+"2"] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
            variables[computedValueNames[i]+"1"] = "values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[computedValueNames[i]+"2"] = "values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getGlobalParameterName(i)] = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
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        stringstream n2EnergySource;
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        bool anyExclusions = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumEnergyTerms(); i++) {
            string expression;
            CustomGBForce::ComputationType type;
            force.getEnergyTermParameters(i, expression, type);
            if (type == CustomGBForce::SingleParticle)
                continue;
            bool exclude = (type == CustomGBForce::ParticlePair);
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            anyExclusions |= exclude;
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            map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> n2EnergyExpressions;
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            n2EnergyExpressions["tempEnergy += "] = Lepton::Parser::parse(expression, functions).optimize();
            n2EnergyExpressions["dEdR += "] = Lepton::Parser::parse(expression, functions).differentiate("r").optimize();
            for (int j = 0; j < force.getNumComputedValues(); j++) {
                n2EnergyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ deriv"+energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(j, "_1")+" += "] = energyDerivExpressions[i][2*j];
                n2EnergyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ deriv"+energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(j, "_2")+" += "] = energyDerivExpressions[i][2*j+1];
            }
            if (exclude)
                n2EnergySource << "if (!isExcluded) {\n";
            n2EnergySource << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(n2EnergyExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", prefix+"functionParams");
            if (exclude)
                n2EnergySource << "}\n";
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        }
        map<string, string> replacements;
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        replacements["COMPUTE_INTERACTION"] = n2EnergySource.str();
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        stringstream extraArgs, loadLocal1, loadLocal2, clearLocal, load1, load2, recordDeriv, storeDerivs1, storeDerivs2, declareTemps, setTemps;
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        if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
            extraArgs << ", __constant float* globals";
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = "params"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* global_" << paramName << ", __local " << buffer.getType() << "* local_" << paramName;
            loadLocal1 << "local_" << paramName << "[get_local_id(0)] = " << paramName << "1;\n";
            loadLocal2 << "local_" << paramName << "[get_local_id(0)] = global_" << paramName << "[j];\n";
            load1 << buffer.getType() << " " << paramName << "1 = global_" << paramName << "[atom1];\n";
            load2 << buffer.getType() << " " << paramName << "2 = local_" << paramName << "[atom2];\n";
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
            string valueName = "values"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* global_" << valueName << ", __local " << buffer.getType() << "* local_" << valueName;
            loadLocal1 << "local_" << valueName << "[get_local_id(0)] = " << valueName << "1;\n";
            loadLocal2 << "local_" << valueName << "[get_local_id(0)] = global_" << valueName << "[j];\n";
            load1 << buffer.getType() << " " << valueName << "1 = global_" << valueName << "[atom1];\n";
            load2 << buffer.getType() << " " << valueName << "2 = local_" << valueName << "[atom2];\n";
        }
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
            string index = intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* derivBuffers" << index << ", __local " << buffer.getType() << "* local_deriv" << index;
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            clearLocal << "local_deriv" << index << "[get_local_id(0)] = 0.0f;\n";
            load1 << buffer.getType() << " deriv" << index << "_1 = 0.0f;\n";
            load2 << buffer.getType() << " deriv" << index << "_2 = 0.0f;\n";
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            recordDeriv << "local_deriv" << index << "[atom2] += deriv" << index << "_2;\n";
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            storeDerivs1 << "STORE_DERIVATIVE_1(" << index << ")";
            storeDerivs2 << "STORE_DERIVATIVE_2(" << index << ")";
            declareTemps << "__local " << buffer.getType() << " tempDerivBuffer" << index << "[64];\n";
            setTemps << "tempDerivBuffer" << index << "[get_local_id(0)] = deriv" << index << "_1;\n";
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        }
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        replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
        replacements["LOAD_LOCAL_PARAMETERS_FROM_1"] = loadLocal1.str();
        replacements["LOAD_LOCAL_PARAMETERS_FROM_GLOBAL"] = loadLocal2.str();
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        replacements["CLEAR_LOCAL_DERIVATIVES"] = clearLocal.str();
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        replacements["LOAD_ATOM1_PARAMETERS"] = load1.str();
        replacements["LOAD_ATOM2_PARAMETERS"] = load2.str();
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        replacements["RECORD_DERIVATIVE_2"] = recordDeriv.str();
        replacements["STORE_DERIVATIVES_1"] = storeDerivs1.str();
        replacements["STORE_DERIVATIVES_2"] = storeDerivs2.str();
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        replacements["DECLARE_TEMP_BUFFERS"] = declareTemps.str();
        replacements["SET_TEMP_BUFFERS"] = setTemps.str();
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        map<string, string> defines;
        if (cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getForceBufferPerAtomBlock())
            defines["USE_OUTPUT_BUFFER_PER_BLOCK"] = "1";
        if (useCutoff)
            defines["USE_CUTOFF"] = "1";
        if (usePeriodic)
            defines["USE_PERIODIC"] = "1";
        if (anyExclusions)
            defines["USE_EXCLUSIONS"] = "1";
        defines["CUTOFF_SQUARED"] = doubleToString(force.getCutoffDistance()*force.getCutoffDistance());
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
        defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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        defines["NUM_BLOCKS"] = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::intToString(cl.getNumAtomBlocks());
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        string file = (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32 ? OpenCLKernelSources::customGBEnergyN2_nvidia : OpenCLKernelSources::customGBEnergyN2_default);
        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(file, replacements), defines);
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        pairEnergyKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeN2Energy");
    }
    {
        // Create the kernel to reduce the derivatives and calculate per-particle energy terms.

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        stringstream compute, extraArgs, reduce;
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        if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
            extraArgs << ", __constant float* globals";
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = "params"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* " << paramName;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
            string valueName = "values"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* " << valueName;
        }
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
            string index = intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* derivBuffers" << index;
            reduce << "REDUCE_VALUE(derivBuffers" << index << ", " << buffer.getType() << ")\n";
            compute << buffer.getType() << " deriv" << index << " = derivBuffers" << index << "[index];\n";
        }
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        map<string, string> variables;
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        variables["x"] = "pos.x";
        variables["y"] = "pos.y";
        variables["z"] = "pos.z";
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getPerParticleParameterName(i)] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "[index]");
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getGlobalParameterName(i)] = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++)
            variables[computedValueNames[i]] = "values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "[index]");
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        map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> energyExpressions;
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumEnergyTerms(); i++) {
            string expression;
            CustomGBForce::ComputationType type;
            force.getEnergyTermParameters(i, expression, type);
            if (type != CustomGBForce::SingleParticle)
                continue;
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            Lepton::ParsedExpression parsed = Lepton::Parser::parse(expression, functions).optimize();
            energyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ energy += "] = parsed;
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            for (int j = 0; j < force.getNumComputedValues(); j++)
                energyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ deriv"+energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(j)+" += "] = energyDerivExpressions[i][j];
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            Lepton::ParsedExpression gradx = parsed.differentiate("x").optimize();
            Lepton::ParsedExpression grady = parsed.differentiate("y").optimize();
            Lepton::ParsedExpression gradz = parsed.differentiate("z").optimize();
            if (!isZeroExpression(gradx))
                energyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ force.x -= "] = gradx;
            if (!isZeroExpression(grady))
                energyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ force.y -= "] = grady;
            if (!isZeroExpression(gradz))
                energyExpressions["/*"+intToString(i+1)+"*/ force.z -= "] = gradz;
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        }
        compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(energyExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", prefix+"functionParams");
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            string index = intToString(i+1);
            compute << "derivBuffers" << index << "[index] = deriv" << index << ";\n";
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        }
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        compute << "forceBuffers[index] = forceBuffers[index]+force;\n";
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        map<string, string> replacements;
        replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
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        replacements["REDUCE_DERIVATIVES"] = reduce.str();
        replacements["COMPUTE_ENERGY"] = compute.str();
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        map<string, string> defines;
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
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        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customGBEnergyPerParticle, replacements), defines);
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        perParticleEnergyKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computePerParticleEnergy");
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    }
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    if (needParameterGradient) {
        // Create the kernel to compute chain rule terms for computed values that depend explicitly on particle coordinates.

        stringstream compute, extraArgs;
        if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
            extraArgs << ", __constant float* globals";
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = "params"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* " << paramName;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
            string valueName = "values"+intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* " << valueName;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
            string index = intToString(i+1);
            extraArgs << ", __global " << buffer.getType() << "* derivBuffers" << index;
            compute << buffer.getType() << " deriv" << index << " = derivBuffers" << index << "[index];\n";
        }
        map<string, string> variables;
        variables["x"] = "pos.x";
        variables["y"] = "pos.y";
        variables["z"] = "pos.z";
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getPerParticleParameterName(i)] = "params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "[index]");
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++)
            variables[force.getGlobalParameterName(i)] = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++)
            variables[computedValueNames[i]] = "values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "[index]");
        for (int i = 1; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
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            string is = intToString(i);
            compute << "float4 dV"<<is<<"dR = (float4) 0;\n";
            for (int j = 1; j < i; j++) {
                if (!isZeroExpression(valueDerivExpressions[i][j])) {
                    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> derivExpressions;
                    string js = intToString(j);
                    derivExpressions["float dV"+is+"dV"+js+" = "] = valueDerivExpressions[i][j];
                    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(derivExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp_"+is+"_"+js, prefix+"functionParams");
                    compute << "dV"<<is<<"dR += dV"<<is<<"dV"<<js<<"*dV"<<js<<"dR;\n";
                }
            }
            map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> gradientExpressions;
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            if (!isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][0]))
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                gradientExpressions["dV"+is+"dR.x += "] = valueGradientExpressions[i][0];
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            if (!isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][1]))
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                gradientExpressions["dV"+is+"dR.y += "] = valueGradientExpressions[i][1];
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            if (!isZeroExpression(valueGradientExpressions[i][2]))
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                gradientExpressions["dV"+is+"dR.z += "] = valueGradientExpressions[i][2];
            compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(gradientExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", prefix+"functionParams");
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
            string is = intToString(i);
            compute << "force -= deriv"<<energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(i)<<"*dV"<<is<<"dR;\n";
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        }
        map<string, string> replacements;
        replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
        replacements["COMPUTE_FORCES"] = compute.str();
        map<string, string> defines;
        defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
        cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customGBGradientChainRule, replacements), defines);
        gradientChainRuleKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeGradientChainRuleTerms");
    }
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    {
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        // Create the code to calculate chain rules terms as part of the default nonbonded kernel.
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        map<string, string> globalVariables;
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
            string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
            globalVariables[name] = prefix+value;
        }
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        map<string, string> variables = globalVariables;
        map<string, string> rename;
        variables["r"] = "r";
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
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            variables[name+"1"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[name+"2"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
            rename[name+"1"] =  name+"2";
            rename[name+"2"] =  name+"1";
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        }
        map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> derivExpressions;
        stringstream chainSource;
        Lepton::ParsedExpression dVdR = Lepton::Parser::parse(computedValueExpressions[0], functions).differentiate("r").optimize();
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        derivExpressions["float dV0dR1 = "] = dVdR;
        derivExpressions["float dV0dR2 = "] = dVdR.renameVariables(rename);
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        chainSource << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(derivExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, prefix+"temp0_", prefix+"functionParams");
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        if (useExclusionsForValue)
            chainSource << "if (!isExcluded) {\n";
        chainSource << "tempForce -= dV0dR1*" << prefix << "dEdV" << energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(0, "1") << ";\n";
        chainSource << "tempForce -= dV0dR2*" << prefix << "dEdV" << energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(0, "2") << ";\n";
        if (useExclusionsForValue)
            chainSource << "}\n";
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        variables = globalVariables;
        map<string, string> rename1;
        map<string, string> rename2;
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        variables["x1"] = "posq1.x";
        variables["y1"] = "posq1.y";
        variables["z1"] = "posq1.z";
        variables["x2"] = "posq2.x";
        variables["y2"] = "posq2.y";
        variables["z2"] = "posq2.z";
        rename1["x"] = "x1";
        rename1["y"] = "y1";
        rename1["z"] = "z1";
        rename2["x"] = "x2";
        rename2["y"] = "y2";
        rename2["z"] = "z2";
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        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
            const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
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            variables[name+"1"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[name+"2"] = prefix+"params"+params->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
            rename1[name] = name+"1";
            rename2[name] = name+"2";
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        }
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumComputedValues(); i++) {
            const string& name = computedValueNames[i];
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            variables[name+"1"] = prefix+"values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "1");
            variables[name+"2"] = prefix+"values"+computedValues->getParameterSuffix(i, "2");
            rename1[name] = name+"1";
            rename2[name] = name+"2";
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            if (i == 0)
                continue;
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            string is = intToString(i);
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            chainSource << "float dV"+is+"dR1 = 0;\n";
            chainSource << "float dV"+is+"dR2 = 0;\n";
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                string js = intToString(j);
                Lepton::ParsedExpression dVdV = Lepton::Parser::parse(computedValueExpressions[i], functions).differentiate(computedValueNames[j]).optimize();
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                derivExpressions.clear();
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                derivExpressions["dV"+is+"dR1 += dV"+js+"dR1*"] = dVdV.renameVariables(rename1);
                derivExpressions["dV"+is+"dR2 += dV"+js+"dR2*"] = dVdV.renameVariables(rename2);
                chainSource << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(derivExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, prefix+"temp"+is+"_"+js+"_", prefix+"functionParams");
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            }
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            chainSource << "tempForce -= dV"<< is << "dR1*" << prefix << "dEdV" << energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(i, "1") << ";\n";
            chainSource << "tempForce -= dV"<< is << "dR2*" << prefix << "dEdV" << energyDerivs->getParameterSuffix(i, "2") << ";\n";
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        }
        map<string, string> replacements;
        replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = chainSource.str();
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        string source = cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customGBChainRule, replacements);
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        vector<OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo> parameters;
        vector<OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo> arguments;
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = prefix+"params"+intToString(i+1);
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            parameters.push_back(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(paramName, buffer.getComponentType(), buffer.getNumComponents(), buffer.getSize(), buffer.getMemory()));
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        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = prefix+"values"+intToString(i+1);
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            parameters.push_back(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(paramName, buffer.getComponentType(), buffer.getNumComponents(), buffer.getSize(), buffer.getMemory()));
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        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
            string paramName = prefix+"dEdV"+intToString(i+1);
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            parameters.push_back(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(paramName, buffer.getComponentType(), buffer.getNumComponents(), buffer.getSize(), buffer.getMemory()));
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        }
        if (globals != NULL) {
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
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            arguments.push_back(OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo(prefix+"globals", "float", 1, sizeof(cl_float), globals->getDeviceBuffer()));
        }
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        cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addInteraction(useCutoff, usePeriodic, force.getNumExclusions() > 0, force.getCutoffDistance(), exclusionList, source);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) parameters.size(); i++)
            cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addParameter(parameters[i]);
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) arguments.size(); i++)
            cl.getNonbondedUtilities().addArgument(arguments[i]);
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    }
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomGBForceInfo(cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getNumForceBuffers(), force));
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
        cl.addAutoclearBuffer(buffer.getMemory(), buffer.getSize()*energyDerivs->getNumObjects()/sizeof(cl_float));
    }
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}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomGBForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    OpenCLNonbondedUtilities& nb = cl.getNonbondedUtilities();
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
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        maxTiles = (nb.getUseCutoff() ? nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize() : 0);
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        valueBuffers = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()*cl.getNumForceBuffers(), "customGBValueBuffers");
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        cl.addAutoclearBuffer(valueBuffers->getDeviceBuffer(), valueBuffers->getSize());
        cl.clearBuffer(*valueBuffers);
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        int index = 0;
        pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairValueKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float4), NULL);
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        pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusions().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusionIndices().getDeviceBuffer());
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        pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusionRowIndices().getDeviceBuffer());
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        pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, valueBuffers->getDeviceBuffer());
        pairValueKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
        pairValueKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
        if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractingTiles().getDeviceBuffer());
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionCount().getDeviceBuffer());
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            index += 2; // Periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
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            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, maxTiles);
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            if (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32)
                pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionFlags().getDeviceBuffer());
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        }
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        else
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2);
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        if (globals != NULL)
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
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            pairValueKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*buffer.getSize(), NULL);
        }
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        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
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        index = 0;
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        perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl_int>(index++, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl_int>(index++, nb.getNumForceBuffers());
        perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, valueBuffers->getDeviceBuffer());
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        perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
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        if (globals != NULL)
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            perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++)
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            perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, params->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++)
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            perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, computedValues->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
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        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            perParticleValueKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
        index = 0;
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float4), NULL);
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float4), NULL);
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        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusions().getDeviceBuffer());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusionIndices().getDeviceBuffer());
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        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getNonbondedUtilities().getExclusionRowIndices().getDeviceBuffer());
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        pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(cl_float4), NULL);
        if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractingTiles().getDeviceBuffer());
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionCount().getDeviceBuffer());
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            index += 2; // Periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, maxTiles);
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            if (cl.getSIMDWidth() == 32)
                pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, nb.getInteractionFlags().getDeviceBuffer());
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        }
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        else
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(index++, cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2);
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        if (globals != NULL)
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*buffer.getSize(), NULL);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = computedValues->getBuffers()[i];
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*buffer.getSize(), NULL);
        }
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i];
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
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            pairEnergyKernel.setArg(index++, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*buffer.getSize(), NULL);
        }
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        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
        index = 0;
        perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl_int>(index++, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
        perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl_int>(index++, nb.getNumForceBuffers());
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        perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
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        perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
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        perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
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        if (globals != NULL)
            perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++)
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            perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, params->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++)
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            perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, computedValues->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++)
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            perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
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        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            perParticleEnergyKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
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        if (needParameterGradient) {
            index = 0;
            gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
            gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
            if (globals != NULL)
                gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++)
                gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, params->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) computedValues->getBuffers().size(); i++)
                gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, computedValues->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) energyDerivs->getBuffers().size(); i++)
                gradientChainRuleKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, energyDerivs->getBuffers()[i].getMemory());
        }
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    }
    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
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            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
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    if (nb.getUseCutoff()) {
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        pairValueKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(10, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
        pairValueKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(11, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(11, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
        pairEnergyKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(12, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
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        if (maxTiles < nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize()) {
            maxTiles = nb.getInteractingTiles().getSize();
            pairValueKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(12, maxTiles);
            pairEnergyKernel.setArg<cl_uint>(13, maxTiles);
        }
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    }
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    int numTiles = cl.getNumAtomBlocks()*(cl.getNumAtomBlocks()+1)/2;
    cl.executeKernel(pairValueKernel, numTiles*OpenCLContext::TileSize);
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    cl.executeKernel(perParticleValueKernel, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    cl.executeKernel(pairEnergyKernel, numTiles*OpenCLContext::TileSize);
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    cl.executeKernel(perParticleEnergyKernel, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    if (needParameterGradient)
        cl.executeKernel(gradientChainRuleKernel, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
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    return 0.0;
}

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class OpenCLCustomExternalForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomExternalForceInfo(const CustomExternalForce& force, int numParticles) : OpenCLForceInfo(1), force(force), indices(numParticles, -1) {
        vector<double> params;
        for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumParticles(); i++) {
            int particle;
            force.getParticleParameters(i, particle, params);
            indices[particle] = i;
        }
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        particle1 = indices[particle1];
        particle2 = indices[particle2];
        if (particle1 == -1 && particle2 == -1)
            return true;
        if (particle1 == -1 || particle2 == -1)
            return false;
        int temp;
        vector<double> params1;
        vector<double> params2;
        force.getParticleParameters(particle1, temp, params1);
        force.getParticleParameters(particle2, temp, params2);
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params1.size(); i++)
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            if (params1[i] != params2[i])
                return false;
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomExternalForce& force;
    vector<int> indices;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomExternalForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomExternalForceKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
    if (indices != NULL)
        delete indices;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
}

void OpenCLCalcCustomExternalForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomExternalForce& force) {
    numParticles = force.getNumParticles();
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    params = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerParticleParameters(), numParticles, "customExternalParams");
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    indices = new OpenCLArray<cl_int>(cl, numParticles, "customExternalIndices");
    string extraArguments;
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0) {
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customExternalGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        extraArguments += ", __constant float* globals";
    }
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    vector<vector<cl_float> > paramVector(numParticles);
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    vector<cl_int> indicesVector(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) {
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getParticleParameters(i, indicesVector[i], parameters);
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        paramVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
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        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
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            paramVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
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    }
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    params->setParameterValues(paramVector);
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    indices->upload(indicesVector);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomExternalForceInfo(force, system.getNumParticles()));

    // Record information for the expressions.

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = Lepton::Parser::parse(force.getEnergyFunction()).optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpressionX = energyExpression.differentiate("x").optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpressionY = energyExpression.differentiate("y").optimize();
    Lepton::ParsedExpression forceExpressionZ = energyExpression.differentiate("z").optimize();
    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> expressions;
    expressions["energy += "] = energyExpression;
    expressions["float dEdX = "] = forceExpressionX;
    expressions["float dEdY = "] = forceExpressionY;
    expressions["float dEdZ = "] = forceExpressionZ;

    // Create the kernels.

    map<string, string> variables;
    variables["x"] = "pos.x";
    variables["y"] = "pos.y";
    variables["z"] = "pos.z";
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerParticleParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerParticleParameterName(i);
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        variables[name] = "particleParams"+params->getParameterSuffix(i);
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    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        string value = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
        variables[name] = value;
    }
    stringstream compute;
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArguments += ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* "+buffer.getName();
        compute<<buffer.getType()<<" particleParams"<<(i+1)<<" = "<<buffer.getName()<<"[index];\n";
    }
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    vector<pair<string, string> > functions;
    compute << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(expressions, variables, functions, "temp", "");
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    map<string, string> replacements;
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    replacements["COMPUTE_FORCE"] = compute.str();
    replacements["EXTRA_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArguments;
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customExternalForce, replacements));
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    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeCustomExternalForces");
}

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double OpenCLCalcCustomExternalForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
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    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
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        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
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            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, numParticles);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
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        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, indices->getDeviceBuffer());
        int nextIndex = 5;
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        if (globals != NULL)
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(nextIndex++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) params->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = params->getBuffers()[i];
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            kernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(nextIndex++, buffer.getMemory());
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        }
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    }
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, numParticles);
    return 0.0;
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}
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class OpenCLCustomHbondForceInfo : public OpenCLForceInfo {
public:
    OpenCLCustomHbondForceInfo(int requiredBuffers, const CustomHbondForce& force) : OpenCLForceInfo(requiredBuffers), force(force) {
    }
    bool areParticlesIdentical(int particle1, int particle2) {
        return true;
    }
    int getNumParticleGroups() {
        return force.getNumDonors()+force.getNumAcceptors()+force.getNumExclusions();
    }
    void getParticlesInGroup(int index, std::vector<int>& particles) {
        int p1, p2, p3;
        vector<double> parameters;
        if (index < force.getNumDonors()) {
            force.getDonorParameters(index, p1, p2, p3, parameters);
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            particles.clear();
            particles.push_back(p1);
            if (p2 > -1)
                particles.push_back(p2);
            if (p3 > -1)
                particles.push_back(p3);
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            return;
        }
        index -= force.getNumDonors();
        if (index < force.getNumAcceptors()) {
            force.getAcceptorParameters(index, p1, p2, p3, parameters);
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            particles.clear();
            particles.push_back(p1);
            if (p2 > -1)
                particles.push_back(p2);
            if (p3 > -1)
                particles.push_back(p3);
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            return;
        }
        index -= force.getNumAcceptors();
        int donor, acceptor;
        force.getExclusionParticles(index, donor, acceptor);
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        particles.clear();
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        force.getDonorParameters(donor, p1, p2, p3, parameters);
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        particles.push_back(p1);
        if (p2 > -1)
            particles.push_back(p2);
        if (p3 > -1)
            particles.push_back(p3);
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        force.getAcceptorParameters(acceptor, p1, p2, p3, parameters);
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        particles.push_back(p1);
        if (p2 > -1)
            particles.push_back(p2);
        if (p3 > -1)
            particles.push_back(p3);
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    }
    bool areGroupsIdentical(int group1, int group2) {
        int p1, p2, p3;
        vector<double> params1, params2;
        if (group1 < force.getNumDonors() && group2 < force.getNumDonors()) {
            force.getDonorParameters(group1, p1, p2, p3, params1);
            force.getDonorParameters(group2, p1, p2, p3, params2);
            return (params1 == params2 && params1 == params2);
        }
        if (group1 < force.getNumDonors() || group2 < force.getNumDonors())
            return false;
        group1 -= force.getNumDonors();
        group2 -= force.getNumDonors();
        if (group1 < force.getNumAcceptors() && group2 < force.getNumAcceptors()) {
            force.getAcceptorParameters(group1, p1, p2, p3, params1);
            force.getAcceptorParameters(group2, p1, p2, p3, params2);
            return (params1 == params2 && params1 == params2);
        }
        if (group1 < force.getNumAcceptors() || group2 < force.getNumAcceptors())
            return false;
        return true;
    }
private:
    const CustomHbondForce& force;
};

OpenCLCalcCustomHbondForceKernel::~OpenCLCalcCustomHbondForceKernel() {
    if (donorParams != NULL)
        delete donorParams;
    if (acceptorParams != NULL)
        delete acceptorParams;
    if (donors != NULL)
        delete donors;
    if (acceptors != NULL)
        delete acceptors;
    if (donorBufferIndices != NULL)
        delete donorBufferIndices;
    if (acceptorBufferIndices != NULL)
        delete acceptorBufferIndices;
    if (globals != NULL)
        delete globals;
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    if (donorExclusions != NULL)
        delete donorExclusions;
    if (acceptorExclusions != NULL)
        delete acceptorExclusions;
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    if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL)
        delete tabulatedFunctionParams;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
        delete tabulatedFunctions[i];
}

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2812
static void addDonorAndAcceptorCode(stringstream& computeDonor, stringstream& computeAcceptor, const string& value) {
    computeDonor << value;
    computeAcceptor << value;
}

static void applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(stringstream& applyToDonor, stringstream& applyToAcceptor, int atom, const string& value) {
    string forceNames[] = {"f1", "f2", "f3"};
    if (atom < 3)
        applyToAcceptor << forceNames[atom]<<".xyz += "<<value<<";\n";
    else
        applyToDonor << forceNames[atom-3]<<".xyz += "<<value<<";\n";
}
2813

2814
void OpenCLCalcCustomHbondForceKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CustomHbondForce& force) {
2815
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2848
    // Record the lists of donors and acceptors, and the parameters for each one.

    numDonors = force.getNumDonors();
    numAcceptors = force.getNumAcceptors();
    int numParticles = system.getNumParticles();
    donors = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numDonors, "customHbondDonors");
    acceptors = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numAcceptors, "customHbondAcceptors");
    donorParams = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerDonorParameters(), numDonors, "customHbondDonorParameters");
    acceptorParams = new OpenCLParameterSet(cl, force.getNumPerAcceptorParameters(), numAcceptors, "customHbondAcceptorParameters");
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
        globals = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, force.getNumGlobalParameters(), "customHbondGlobals", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
    vector<vector<cl_float> > donorParamVector(numDonors);
    vector<mm_int4> donorVector(numDonors);
    for (int i = 0; i < numDonors; i++) {
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getDonorParameters(i, donorVector[i].x, donorVector[i].y, donorVector[i].z, parameters);
        donorParamVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
            donorParamVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
    }
    donors->upload(donorVector);
    donorParams->setParameterValues(donorParamVector);
    vector<vector<cl_float> > acceptorParamVector(numAcceptors);
    vector<mm_int4> acceptorVector(numAcceptors);
    for (int i = 0; i < numAcceptors; i++) {
        vector<double> parameters;
        force.getAcceptorParameters(i, acceptorVector[i].x, acceptorVector[i].y, acceptorVector[i].z, parameters);
        acceptorParamVector[i].resize(parameters.size());
        for (int j = 0; j < (int) parameters.size(); j++)
            acceptorParamVector[i][j] = (cl_float) parameters[j];
    }
    acceptors->upload(acceptorVector);
    acceptorParams->setParameterValues(acceptorParamVector);

2849
    // Select an output buffer index for each donor and acceptor.
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854

    donorBufferIndices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numDonors, "customHbondDonorBuffers");
    acceptorBufferIndices = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numAcceptors, "customHbondAcceptorBuffers");
    vector<mm_int4> donorBufferVector(numDonors);
    vector<mm_int4> acceptorBufferVector(numAcceptors);
2855
    vector<int> donorBufferCounter(numParticles, 0);
2856
    for (int i = 0; i < numDonors; i++)
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        donorBufferVector[i] = mm_int4(donorVector[i].x > -1 ? donorBufferCounter[donorVector[i].x]++ : 0,
                                       donorVector[i].y > -1 ? donorBufferCounter[donorVector[i].y]++ : 0,
                                       donorVector[i].z > -1 ? donorBufferCounter[donorVector[i].z]++ : 0, 0);
2860
    vector<int> acceptorBufferCounter(numParticles, 0);
2861
    for (int i = 0; i < numAcceptors; i++)
2862
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2864
        acceptorBufferVector[i] = mm_int4(acceptorVector[i].x > -1 ? acceptorBufferCounter[acceptorVector[i].x]++ : 0,
                                       acceptorVector[i].y > -1 ? acceptorBufferCounter[acceptorVector[i].y]++ : 0,
                                       acceptorVector[i].z > -1 ? acceptorBufferCounter[acceptorVector[i].z]++ : 0, 0);
2865
2866
    donorBufferIndices->upload(donorBufferVector);
    acceptorBufferIndices->upload(acceptorBufferVector);
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    int maxBuffers = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) donorBufferCounter.size(); i++)
        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, donorBufferCounter[i]);
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) acceptorBufferCounter.size(); i++)
        maxBuffers = max(maxBuffers, acceptorBufferCounter[i]);
    cl.addForce(new OpenCLCustomHbondForceInfo(maxBuffers, force));
2873
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2875

    // Record exclusions.

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2877
    vector<mm_int4> donorExclusionVector(numDonors, mm_int4(-1, -1, -1, -1));
    vector<mm_int4> acceptorExclusionVector(numAcceptors, mm_int4(-1, -1, -1, -1));
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    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumExclusions(); i++) {
        int donor, acceptor;
        force.getExclusionParticles(i, donor, acceptor);
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        if (donorExclusionVector[donor].x == -1)
            donorExclusionVector[donor].x = acceptor;
        else if (donorExclusionVector[donor].y == -1)
            donorExclusionVector[donor].y = acceptor;
        else if (donorExclusionVector[donor].z == -1)
            donorExclusionVector[donor].z = acceptor;
        else if (donorExclusionVector[donor].w == -1)
            donorExclusionVector[donor].w = acceptor;
        else
            throw OpenMMException("CustomHbondForce: OpenCLPlatform does not support more than four exclusions per donor");
        if (acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].x == -1)
            acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].x = donor;
        else if (acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].y == -1)
            acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].y = donor;
        else if (acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].z == -1)
            acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].z = donor;
        else if (acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].w == -1)
            acceptorExclusionVector[acceptor].w = donor;
        else
            throw OpenMMException("CustomHbondForce: OpenCLPlatform does not support more than four exclusions per acceptor");
2901
    }
2902
2903
2904
2905
    donorExclusions = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numDonors, "customHbondDonorExclusions");
    acceptorExclusions = new OpenCLArray<mm_int4>(cl, numDonors, "customHbondAcceptorExclusions");
    donorExclusions->upload(donorExclusionVector);
    acceptorExclusions->upload(acceptorExclusionVector);
2906
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2913
2914
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2917

    // Record the tabulated functions.

    OpenCLExpressionUtilities::FunctionPlaceholder fp;
    map<string, Lepton::CustomFunction*> functions;
    vector<pair<string, string> > functionDefinitions;
    vector<mm_float4> tabulatedFunctionParamsVec(force.getNumFunctions());
    stringstream tableArgs;
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumFunctions(); i++) {
        string name;
        vector<double> values;
        double min, max;
2918
        force.getFunctionParameters(i, name, values, min, max);
2919
        string arrayName = "table"+intToString(i);
2920
2921
        functionDefinitions.push_back(make_pair(name, arrayName));
        functions[name] = &fp;
2922
        tabulatedFunctionParamsVec[i] = mm_float4((float) min, (float) max, (float) ((values.size()-1)/(max-min)), values.size()-2);
2923
        vector<mm_float4> f = OpenCLExpressionUtilities::computeFunctionCoefficients(values, min, max);
2924
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2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
        tabulatedFunctions.push_back(new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, values.size()-1, "TabulatedFunction"));
        tabulatedFunctions[tabulatedFunctions.size()-1]->upload(f);
        tableArgs << ", __global float4* " << arrayName;
    }
    if (force.getNumFunctions() > 0) {
        tabulatedFunctionParams = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, tabulatedFunctionParamsVec.size(), "tabulatedFunctionParameters", false, CL_MEM_READ_ONLY);
        tabulatedFunctionParams->upload(tabulatedFunctionParamsVec);
2931
        tableArgs << ", __global float4* functionParams";
2932
2933
    }

2934
    // Record information about parameters.
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
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2941
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2943
2944
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2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
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2952
2953
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2956

    globalParamNames.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    globalParamValues.resize(force.getNumGlobalParameters());
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        globalParamNames[i] = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        globalParamValues[i] = (cl_float) force.getGlobalParameterDefaultValue(i);
    }
    if (globals != NULL)
        globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    map<string, string> variables;
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerDonorParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerDonorParameterName(i);
        variables[name] = "donorParams"+donorParams->getParameterSuffix(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumPerAcceptorParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getPerAcceptorParameterName(i);
        variables[name] = "acceptorParams"+acceptorParams->getParameterSuffix(i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < force.getNumGlobalParameters(); i++) {
        const string& name = force.getGlobalParameterName(i);
        variables[name] = "globals["+intToString(i)+"]";
    }
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3031

    // Now to generate the kernel.  First, it needs to calculate all distances, angles,
    // and dihedrals the expression depends on.

    map<string, vector<int> > distances;
    map<string, vector<int> > angles;
    map<string, vector<int> > dihedrals;
    Lepton::ParsedExpression energyExpression = CustomHbondForceImpl::prepareExpression(force, functions, distances, angles, dihedrals);
    map<string, Lepton::ParsedExpression> forceExpressions;
    set<string> computedDeltas;
    computedDeltas.insert("D1A1");
    string atomNames[] = {"A1", "A2", "A3", "D1", "D2", "D3"};
    string atomNamesLower[] = {"a1", "a2", "a3", "d1", "d2", "d3"};
    stringstream computeDonor, computeAcceptor, extraArgs;
    int index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = distances.begin(); iter != distances.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName = atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[0]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[1]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName);
        }
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float r_"+deltaName+" = sqrt(delta"+deltaName+".w);\n");
        variables[iter->first] = "r_"+deltaName;
        forceExpressions["float dEdDistance"+intToString(index)+" = "] = energyExpression.differentiate(iter->first).optimize();
    }
    index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = angles.begin(); iter != angles.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName1 = atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[0]];
        string deltaName2 = atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[2]];
        string angleName = "angle_"+atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[2]];
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName1) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName1+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[1]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[0]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName1);
        }
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName2) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName2+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[1]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[2]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName2);
        }
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float "+angleName+" = computeAngle(delta"+deltaName1+", delta"+deltaName2+");\n");
        variables[iter->first] = angleName;
        forceExpressions["float dEdAngle"+intToString(index)+" = "] = energyExpression.differentiate(iter->first).optimize();
    }
    index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = dihedrals.begin(); iter != dihedrals.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName1 = atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        string deltaName2 = atomNames[atoms[2]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        string deltaName3 = atomNames[atoms[2]]+atomNames[atoms[3]];
        string crossName1 = "cross_"+deltaName1+"_"+deltaName2;
        string crossName2 = "cross_"+deltaName2+"_"+deltaName3;
        string dihedralName = "dihedral_"+atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[2]]+atomNames[atoms[3]];
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName1) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName1+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[0]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[1]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName1);
        }
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName2) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName2+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[2]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[1]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName2);
        }
        if (computedDeltas.count(deltaName3) == 0) {
            addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 delta"+deltaName3+" = delta("+atomNamesLower[atoms[2]]+", "+atomNamesLower[atoms[3]]+");\n");
            computedDeltas.insert(deltaName3);
        }
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 "+crossName1+" = computeCross(delta"+deltaName1+", delta"+deltaName2+");\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 "+crossName2+" = computeCross(delta"+deltaName2+", delta"+deltaName3+");\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float "+dihedralName+" = computeAngle("+crossName1+", "+crossName2+");\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, dihedralName+" *= (delta"+deltaName1+".x*"+crossName2+".x + delta"+deltaName1+".y*"+crossName2+".y + delta"+deltaName1+".z*"+crossName2+".z < 0 ? -1 : 1);\n");
        variables[iter->first] = dihedralName;
        forceExpressions["float dEdDihedral"+intToString(index)+" = "] = energyExpression.differentiate(iter->first).optimize();
    }

    // Next it needs to load parameters from global memory.

3032
    if (force.getNumGlobalParameters() > 0)
3033
        extraArgs << ", __global float* globals";
3034
3035
3036
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) donorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = donorParams->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArgs << ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* donor"+buffer.getName();
3037
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, buffer.getType()+" donorParams"+intToString(i+1)+" = donor"+buffer.getName()+"[index];\n");
3038
3039
3040
3041
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) acceptorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
        const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = acceptorParams->getBuffers()[i];
        extraArgs << ", __global "+buffer.getType()+"* acceptor"+buffer.getName();
3042
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, buffer.getType()+" acceptorParams"+intToString(i+1)+" = acceptor"+buffer.getName()+"[index];\n");
3043
    }
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103

    // Now evaluate the expressions.

    computeAcceptor << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(forceExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", "functionParams");
    forceExpressions["energy += "] = energyExpression;
    computeDonor << OpenCLExpressionUtilities::createExpressions(forceExpressions, variables, functionDefinitions, "temp", "functionParams");

    // Finally, apply forces to atoms.

    index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = distances.begin(); iter != distances.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName = atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        string value = "(dEdDistance"+intToString(index)+"/r_"+deltaName+")*delta"+deltaName+".xyz";
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[0], "-"+value);
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[1], value);
    }
    index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = angles.begin(); iter != angles.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName1 = atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[0]];
        string deltaName2 = atomNames[atoms[1]]+atomNames[atoms[2]];
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "{\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 crossProd = cross(delta"+deltaName2+", delta"+deltaName1+");\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float lengthCross = max(length(crossProd), 1e-6f);\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 deltaCross0 = -cross(delta"+deltaName1+", crossProd)*dEdAngle"+intToString(index)+"/(delta"+deltaName1+".w*lengthCross);\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 deltaCross2 = cross(delta"+deltaName2+", crossProd)*dEdAngle"+intToString(index)+"/(delta"+deltaName2+".w*lengthCross);\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 deltaCross1 = -(deltaCross0+deltaCross2);\n");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[0], "deltaCross0.xyz");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[1], "deltaCross1.xyz");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[2], "deltaCross2.xyz");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "}\n");
    }
    index = 0;
    for (map<string, vector<int> >::const_iterator iter = dihedrals.begin(); iter != dihedrals.end(); ++iter, ++index) {
        const vector<int>& atoms = iter->second;
        string deltaName1 = atomNames[atoms[0]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        string deltaName2 = atomNames[atoms[2]]+atomNames[atoms[1]];
        string deltaName3 = atomNames[atoms[2]]+atomNames[atoms[3]];
        string crossName1 = "cross_"+deltaName1+"_"+deltaName2;
        string crossName2 = "cross_"+deltaName2+"_"+deltaName3;
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "{\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float r = sqrt(delta"+deltaName2+".w);\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 ff;\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "ff.x = (-dEdDihedral"+intToString(index)+"*r)/"+crossName1+".w;\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "ff.y = (delta"+deltaName1+".x*delta"+deltaName2+".x + delta"+deltaName1+".y*delta"+deltaName2+".y + delta"+deltaName1+".z*delta"+deltaName2+".z)/delta"+deltaName2+".w;\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "ff.z = (delta"+deltaName3+".x*delta"+deltaName2+".x + delta"+deltaName3+".y*delta"+deltaName2+".y + delta"+deltaName3+".z*delta"+deltaName2+".z)/delta"+deltaName2+".w;\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "ff.w = (dEdDihedral"+intToString(index)+"*r)/"+crossName2+".w;\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 internalF0 = ff.x*"+crossName1+";\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 internalF3 = ff.w*"+crossName2+";\n");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "float4 s = ff.y*internalF0 - ff.z*internalF3;\n");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[0], "internalF0.xyz");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[1], "s.xyz-internalF0.xyz");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[2], "-s.xyz-internalF3.xyz");
        applyDonorAndAcceptorForces(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, atoms[3], "internalF3.xyz");
        addDonorAndAcceptorCode(computeDonor, computeAcceptor, "}\n");
    }

    // Generate the kernels.

3104
    map<string, string> replacements;
3105
3106
    replacements["COMPUTE_DONOR_FORCE"] = computeDonor.str();
    replacements["COMPUTE_ACCEPTOR_FORCE"] = computeAcceptor.str();
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
    replacements["PARAMETER_ARGUMENTS"] = extraArgs.str()+tableArgs.str();
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
    defines["NUM_DONORS"] = intToString(force.getNumDonors());
    defines["NUM_ACCEPTORS"] = intToString(force.getNumAcceptors());
    defines["M_PI"] = doubleToString(M_PI);
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
    if (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomHbondForce::NoCutoff) {
        defines["USE_CUTOFF"] = "1";
        defines["CUTOFF_SQUARED"] = doubleToString(force.getCutoffDistance()*force.getCutoffDistance());
    }
    if (force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomHbondForce::NoCutoff && force.getNonbondedMethod() != CustomHbondForce::CutoffNonPeriodic)
        defines["USE_PERIODIC"] = "1";
3119
3120
    if (force.getNumExclusions() > 0)
        defines["USE_EXCLUSIONS"] = "1";
3121
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(cl.replaceStrings(OpenCLKernelSources::customHbondForce, replacements), defines);
3122
3123
    donorKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeDonorForces");
    acceptorKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "computeAcceptorForces");
3124
3125
}

3126
double OpenCLCalcCustomHbondForceKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, bool includeForces, bool includeEnergy) {
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
    if (globals != NULL) {
        bool changed = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) globalParamNames.size(); i++) {
            cl_float value = (cl_float) context.getParameter(globalParamNames[i]);
            if (value != globalParamValues[i])
                changed = true;
            globalParamValues[i] = value;
        }
        if (changed)
            globals->upload(globalParamValues);
    }
    if (!hasInitializedKernel) {
        hasInitializedKernel = true;
        int index = 0;
3141
3142
3143
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
3144
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, donorExclusions->getDeviceBuffer());
3145
3146
3147
3148
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, donors->getDeviceBuffer());
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, acceptors->getDeviceBuffer());
        donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, donorBufferIndices->getDeviceBuffer());
        donorKernel.setArg(index++, 3*OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
3149
        index += 2; // Periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
3150
        if (globals != NULL)
3151
            donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
3152
3153
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) donorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = donorParams->getBuffers()[i];
3154
            donorKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
3155
3156
3157
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) acceptorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = acceptorParams->getBuffers()[i];
3158
            donorKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
        }
        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            donorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
        }
        index = 0;
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getForceBuffers().getDeviceBuffer());
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getEnergyBuffer().getDeviceBuffer());
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
3169
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, acceptorExclusions->getDeviceBuffer());
3170
3171
3172
3173
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, donors->getDeviceBuffer());
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, acceptors->getDeviceBuffer());
        acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, acceptorBufferIndices->getDeviceBuffer());
        acceptorKernel.setArg(index++, 3*OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
3174
        index += 2; // Periodic box size arguments are set when the kernel is executed.
3175
3176
3177
3178
        if (globals != NULL)
            acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, globals->getDeviceBuffer());
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) donorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = donorParams->getBuffers()[i];
3179
            acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
3180
3181
3182
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) acceptorParams->getBuffers().size(); i++) {
            const OpenCLNonbondedUtilities::ParameterInfo& buffer = acceptorParams->getBuffers()[i];
3183
            acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Memory>(index++, buffer.getMemory());
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
        }
        if (tabulatedFunctionParams != NULL) {
            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tabulatedFunctions.size(); i++)
                acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctions[i]->getDeviceBuffer());
            acceptorKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(index++, tabulatedFunctionParams->getDeviceBuffer());
3189
3190
        }
    }
3191
3192
    donorKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(8, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
    donorKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(9, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
3193
    cl.executeKernel(donorKernel, std::max(numDonors, numAcceptors));
3194
3195
    acceptorKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(8, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
    acceptorKernel.setArg<mm_float4>(9, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
3196
    cl.executeKernel(acceptorKernel, std::max(numDonors, numAcceptors));
3197
3198
3199
    return 0.0;
}

3200
3201
3202
3203
OpenCLIntegrateVerletStepKernel::~OpenCLIntegrateVerletStepKernel() {
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVerletStepKernel::initialize(const System& system, const VerletIntegrator& integrator) {
3204
    cl.initialize(system);
3205
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::verlet);
3206
3207
    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateVerletPart1");
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateVerletPart2");
3208
    prevStepSize = -1.0;
3209
3210
3211
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVerletStepKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, const VerletIntegrator& integrator) {
3212
    OpenCLIntegrationUtilities& integration = cl.getIntegrationUtilities();
3213
3214
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
    double dt = integrator.getStepSize();
3215
3216
3217
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
        kernel1.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
3218
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
3224
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3225
3226
3227
3228
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
    }
3229
3230
    if (dt != prevStepSize) {
        vector<mm_float2> stepSizeVec(1);
3231
        stepSizeVec[0] = mm_float2((cl_float) dt, (cl_float) dt);
3232
        cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().upload(stepSizeVec);
3233
3234
        prevStepSize = dt;
    }
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241

    // Call the first integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, numAtoms);

    // Apply constraints.

3242
    integration.applyConstraints(integrator.getConstraintTolerance());
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251

    // Call the second integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, numAtoms);

    // Update the time and step count.

    cl.setTime(cl.getTime()+dt);
    cl.setStepCount(cl.getStepCount()+1);
3252
3253
}

3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
OpenCLIntegrateLangevinStepKernel::~OpenCLIntegrateLangevinStepKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
}

void OpenCLIntegrateLangevinStepKernel::initialize(const System& system, const LangevinIntegrator& integrator) {
    cl.initialize(system);
3261
3262
3263
3264
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().initRandomNumberGenerator(integrator.getRandomNumberSeed());
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
    defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
3265
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::langevin, defines);
3266
3267
    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateLangevinPart1");
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateLangevinPart2");
3268
    params = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, 3, "langevinParams");
3269
3270
3271
3272
    prevStepSize = -1.0;
}

void OpenCLIntegrateLangevinStepKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, const LangevinIntegrator& integrator) {
3273
    OpenCLIntegrationUtilities& integration = cl.getIntegrationUtilities();
3274
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
3275
3276
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
3277
3278
3279
3280
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, params->getDeviceBuffer());
3281
3282
3283
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, integration.getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, integration.getRandom().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
3284
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
3285
3286
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, integration.getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3287
    }
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
    double temperature = integrator.getTemperature();
    double friction = integrator.getFriction();
    double stepSize = integrator.getStepSize();
    if (temperature != prevTemp || friction != prevFriction || stepSize != prevStepSize) {
        // Calculate the integration parameters.

        double tau = (friction == 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0/friction);
        double kT = BOLTZ*temperature;
3296
3297
3298
        double vscale = std::exp(-stepSize/tau);
        double fscale = (1-vscale)*tau;
        double noisescale = std::sqrt(2*kT/tau)*std::sqrt(0.5*(1-vscale*vscale)*tau);
3299
        vector<cl_float> p(params->getSize());
3300
3301
3302
        p[0] = (cl_float) vscale;
        p[1] = (cl_float) fscale;
        p[2] = (cl_float) noisescale;
3303
        params->upload(p);
3304
3305
        integration.getStepSize()[0].y = stepSize;
        integration.getStepSize().upload();
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
        prevTemp = temperature;
        prevFriction = friction;
        prevStepSize = stepSize;
    }

    // Call the first integration kernel.

3313
    kernel1.setArg<cl_uint>(6, integration.prepareRandomNumbers(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()));
3314
3315
3316
3317
    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, numAtoms);

    // Apply constraints.

3318
    integration.applyConstraints(integrator.getConstraintTolerance());
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328

    // Call the second integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, numAtoms);

    // Update the time and step count.

    cl.setTime(cl.getTime()+stepSize);
    cl.setStepCount(cl.getStepCount()+1);
}
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337

OpenCLIntegrateBrownianStepKernel::~OpenCLIntegrateBrownianStepKernel() {
}

void OpenCLIntegrateBrownianStepKernel::initialize(const System& system, const BrownianIntegrator& integrator) {
    cl.initialize(system);
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().initRandomNumberGenerator(integrator.getRandomNumberSeed());
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
3338
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::brownian, defines);
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateBrownianPart1");
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateBrownianPart2");
    prevStepSize = -1.0;
}

void OpenCLIntegrateBrownianStepKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, const BrownianIntegrator& integrator) {
    OpenCLIntegrationUtilities& integration = cl.getIntegrationUtilities();
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
3351
3352
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, integration.getRandom().getDeviceBuffer());
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
    }
    double temperature = integrator.getTemperature();
    double friction = integrator.getFriction();
    double stepSize = integrator.getStepSize();
    if (temperature != prevTemp || friction != prevFriction || stepSize != prevStepSize) {
        double tau = (friction == 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0/friction);
        kernel1.setArg<cl_float>(0, (cl_float) (tau*stepSize));
        kernel1.setArg<cl_float>(1, (cl_float) (sqrt(2.0f*BOLTZ*temperature*stepSize*tau)));
        kernel2.setArg<cl_float>(0, (cl_float) (1.0/stepSize));
        prevTemp = temperature;
        prevFriction = friction;
        prevStepSize = stepSize;
    }

    // Call the first integration kernel.

3372
    kernel1.setArg<cl_uint>(6, integration.prepareRandomNumbers(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()));
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, numAtoms);

    // Apply constraints.

    integration.applyConstraints(integrator.getConstraintTolerance());

    // Call the second integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, numAtoms);

    // Update the time and step count.

    cl.setTime(cl.getTime()+stepSize);
    cl.setStepCount(cl.getStepCount()+1);
}
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393

OpenCLIntegrateVariableVerletStepKernel::~OpenCLIntegrateVariableVerletStepKernel() {
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVariableVerletStepKernel::initialize(const System& system, const VariableVerletIntegrator& integrator) {
    cl.initialize(system);
3394
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::verlet);
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateVerletPart1");
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateVerletPart2");
    selectSizeKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "selectVerletStepSize");
    blockSize = std::min(std::min(256, system.getNumParticles()), (int) cl.getDevice().getInfo<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_GROUP_SIZE>());
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVariableVerletStepKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, const VariableVerletIntegrator& integrator, double maxTime) {
3402
    OpenCLIntegrationUtilities& integration = cl.getIntegrationUtilities();
3403
3404
3405
3406
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
        kernel1.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
3407
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
3413
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3414
3415
3416
3417
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
3418
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg(6, blockSize*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
    }

    // Select the step size to use.

    float maxStepSize = (float)(maxTime-cl.getTime());
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(1, maxStepSize);
3428
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(2, (cl_float) integrator.getErrorTolerance());
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
    cl.executeKernel(selectSizeKernel, blockSize, blockSize);

    // Call the first integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, numAtoms);

    // Apply constraints.

    integration.applyConstraints(integrator.getConstraintTolerance());

    // Call the second integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, numAtoms);

    // Update the time and step count.

3445
3446
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().download();
    double dt = cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize()[0].y;
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
    double time = cl.getTime()+dt;
    if (dt == maxStepSize)
        time = maxTime; // Avoid round-off error
    cl.setTime(time);
    cl.setStepCount(cl.getStepCount()+1);
}

OpenCLIntegrateVariableLangevinStepKernel::~OpenCLIntegrateVariableLangevinStepKernel() {
    if (params != NULL)
        delete params;
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVariableLangevinStepKernel::initialize(const System& system, const VariableLangevinIntegrator& integrator) {
    cl.initialize(system);
3461
3462
3463
3464
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().initRandomNumberGenerator(integrator.getRandomNumberSeed());
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
    defines["PADDED_NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms());
3465
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::langevin, defines);
3466
3467
3468
    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateLangevinPart1");
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "integrateLangevinPart2");
    selectSizeKernel = cl::Kernel(program, "selectLangevinStepSize");
3469
    params = new OpenCLArray<cl_float>(cl, 3, "langevinParams");
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
    blockSize = std::min(256, system.getNumParticles());
    blockSize = std::max(blockSize, params->getSize());
    blockSize = std::min(blockSize, (int) cl.getDevice().getInfo<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_GROUP_SIZE>());
}

void OpenCLIntegrateVariableLangevinStepKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context, const VariableLangevinIntegrator& integrator, double maxTime) {
3476
    OpenCLIntegrationUtilities& integration = cl.getIntegrationUtilities();
3477
3478
3479
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
3480
3481
3482
3483
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, params->getDeviceBuffer());
3484
3485
3486
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, integration.getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, integration.getRandom().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(0, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
3487
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, integration.getPosDelta().getDeviceBuffer());
3488
3489
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, integration.getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3490
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, integration.getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, cl.getForce().getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(7, params->getDeviceBuffer());
        selectSizeKernel.setArg(8, params->getSize()*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
        selectSizeKernel.setArg(9, blockSize*sizeof(cl_float), NULL);
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
    }

    // Select the step size to use.

    float maxStepSize = (float)(maxTime-cl.getTime());
3501
3502
3503
3504
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(0, maxStepSize);
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(1, (cl_float) integrator.getErrorTolerance());
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(2, (cl_float) (integrator.getFriction() == 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0/integrator.getFriction()));
    selectSizeKernel.setArg<cl_float>(3, (cl_float) (BOLTZ*integrator.getTemperature()));
3505
3506
3507
3508
    cl.executeKernel(selectSizeKernel, blockSize, blockSize);

    // Call the first integration kernel.

3509
    kernel1.setArg<cl_uint>(6, integration.prepareRandomNumbers(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()));
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, numAtoms);

    // Apply constraints.

    integration.applyConstraints(integrator.getConstraintTolerance());

    // Call the second integration kernel.

    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, numAtoms);

    // Update the time and step count.

3522
3523
    cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().download();
    double dt = cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize()[0].y;
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
    double time = cl.getTime()+dt;
    if (dt == maxStepSize)
        time = maxTime; // Avoid round-off error
    cl.setTime(time);
    cl.setStepCount(cl.getStepCount()+1);
}

3531
OpenCLApplyAndersenThermostatKernel::~OpenCLApplyAndersenThermostatKernel() {
3532
3533
    if (atomGroups != NULL)
        delete atomGroups;
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
}

void OpenCLApplyAndersenThermostatKernel::initialize(const System& system, const AndersenThermostat& thermostat) {
    randomSeed = thermostat.getRandomNumberSeed();
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["NUM_ATOMS"] = intToString(cl.getNumAtoms());
3540
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::andersenThermostat, defines);
3541
    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "applyAndersenThermostat");
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552

    // Create the arrays with the group definitions.

    vector<vector<int> > groups = AndersenThermostatImpl::calcParticleGroups(system);
    atomGroups = new OpenCLArray<int>(cl, cl.getNumAtoms(), "atomGroups");
    vector<int> atoms(atomGroups->getSize());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int) groups.size(); i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < (int) groups[i].size(); j++)
            atoms[groups[i][j]] = i;
    }
    atomGroups->upload(atoms);
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}

void OpenCLApplyAndersenThermostatKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context) {
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;
        cl.getIntegrationUtilities().initRandomNumberGenerator(randomSeed);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(3, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getStepSize().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().getRandom().getDeviceBuffer());
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        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, atomGroups->getDeviceBuffer());
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    }
    kernel.setArg<cl_float>(0, (cl_float) context.getParameter(AndersenThermostat::CollisionFrequency()));
    kernel.setArg<cl_float>(1, (cl_float) (BOLTZ*context.getParameter(AndersenThermostat::Temperature())));
    kernel.setArg<cl_uint>(5, cl.getIntegrationUtilities().prepareRandomNumbers(cl.getPaddedNumAtoms()));
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
}

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OpenCLApplyMonteCarloBarostatKernel::~OpenCLApplyMonteCarloBarostatKernel() {
    if (savedPositions != NULL)
        delete savedPositions;
    if (moleculeAtoms != NULL)
        delete moleculeAtoms;
    if (moleculeStartIndex != NULL)
        delete moleculeStartIndex;
}

void OpenCLApplyMonteCarloBarostatKernel::initialize(const System& system, const MonteCarloBarostat& thermostat) {
    savedPositions = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, cl.getPaddedNumAtoms(), "savedPositions");
    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::monteCarloBarostat);
    kernel = cl::Kernel(program, "scalePositions");
}

void OpenCLApplyMonteCarloBarostatKernel::scaleCoordinates(ContextImpl& context, double scale) {
    if (!hasInitializedKernels) {
        hasInitializedKernels = true;

        // Create the arrays with the molecule definitions.

        vector<vector<int> > molecules = context.getMolecules();
        numMolecules = molecules.size();
        moleculeAtoms = new OpenCLArray<int>(cl, cl.getNumAtoms(), "moleculeAtoms");
        moleculeStartIndex = new OpenCLArray<int>(cl, numMolecules+1, "moleculeStartIndex");
        vector<int> atoms(moleculeAtoms->getSize());
        vector<int> startIndex(moleculeStartIndex->getSize());
        int index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numMolecules; i++) {
            startIndex[i] = index;
            for (int j = 0; j < (int) molecules[i].size(); j++)
                atoms[index++] = molecules[i][j];
        }
        startIndex[numMolecules] = index;
        moleculeAtoms->upload(atoms);
        moleculeStartIndex->upload(startIndex);

        // Initialize the kernel arguments.
        
        kernel.setArg<cl_int>(1, numMolecules);
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(4, cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(5, moleculeAtoms->getDeviceBuffer());
        kernel.setArg<cl::Buffer>(6, moleculeStartIndex->getDeviceBuffer());
    }
    cl.getQueue().enqueueCopyBuffer(cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer(), savedPositions->getDeviceBuffer(), 0, 0, cl.getPosq().getSize()*sizeof(mm_float4));
    kernel.setArg<cl_float>(0, (cl_float) scale);
    kernel.setArg<mm_float4>(2, cl.getPeriodicBoxSize());
    kernel.setArg<mm_float4>(3, cl.getInvPeriodicBoxSize());
    cl.executeKernel(kernel, cl.getNumAtoms());
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    for (int i = 0; i < (int) cl.getPosCellOffsets().size(); i++)
        cl.getPosCellOffsets()[i] = mm_int4(0, 0, 0, 0);
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}

void OpenCLApplyMonteCarloBarostatKernel::restoreCoordinates(ContextImpl& context) {
    cl.getQueue().enqueueCopyBuffer(savedPositions->getDeviceBuffer(), cl.getPosq().getDeviceBuffer(), 0, 0, cl.getPosq().getSize()*sizeof(mm_float4));
}

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void OpenCLCalcKineticEnergyKernel::initialize(const System& system) {
    int numParticles = system.getNumParticles();
    masses.resize(numParticles);
    for (int i = 0; i < numParticles; ++i)
        masses[i] = system.getParticleMass(i);
}

double OpenCLCalcKineticEnergyKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context) {
    // We don't currently have a GPU kernel to do this, so we retrieve the velocities and calculate the energy
    // on the CPU.

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    OpenCLArray<mm_float4>& velm = cl.getVelm();
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    velm.download();
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    double energy = 0.0;
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    for (size_t i = 0; i < masses.size(); ++i) {
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        mm_float4 v = velm[i];
        energy += masses[i]*(v.x*v.x+v.y*v.y+v.z*v.z);
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    }
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    return 0.5*energy;
}
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OpenCLRemoveCMMotionKernel::~OpenCLRemoveCMMotionKernel() {
    if (cmMomentum != NULL)
        delete cmMomentum;
}

void OpenCLRemoveCMMotionKernel::initialize(const System& system, const CMMotionRemover& force) {
    frequency = force.getFrequency();
    int numAtoms = cl.getNumAtoms();
    cmMomentum = new OpenCLArray<mm_float4>(cl, (numAtoms+OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize-1)/OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize, "cmMomentum");
    double totalMass = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < numAtoms; i++)
        totalMass += system.getParticleMass(i);
    map<string, string> defines;
    defines["INVERSE_TOTAL_MASS"] = doubleToString(1.0/totalMass);
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    cl::Program program = cl.createProgram(OpenCLKernelSources::removeCM, defines);
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    kernel1 = cl::Kernel(program, "calcCenterOfMassMomentum");
    kernel1.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
    kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
    kernel1.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cmMomentum->getDeviceBuffer());
    kernel1.setArg(3, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
    kernel2 = cl::Kernel(program, "removeCenterOfMassMomentum");
    kernel2.setArg<cl_int>(0, numAtoms);
    kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(1, cl.getVelm().getDeviceBuffer());
    kernel2.setArg<cl::Buffer>(2, cmMomentum->getDeviceBuffer());
    kernel2.setArg(3, OpenCLContext::ThreadBlockSize*sizeof(mm_float4), NULL);
}

void OpenCLRemoveCMMotionKernel::execute(ContextImpl& context) {
    cl.executeKernel(kernel1, cl.getNumAtoms());
    cl.executeKernel(kernel2, cl.getNumAtoms());
}