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* Update test_basic.py

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* Update test_basic.py

* Update test_basic.py

* Update test_basic.py

* Update test_basic.py

* Update test_basic.py

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

* dev

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Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

[docs] [ci] skip scikit-learn 1.7.1 in docs build, make tests compatible with pandas 3.0, use new Azure DevOps pool (#6979)

* Add "PT" ruff code to pyproject.toml plus some exceptions

* Extend PT011 for Exception, IndexError, TypeError

* Fix PT001: Use `@pytest.fixture` over `@pytest.fixture()`

* Fix PT011: pytest.raises({exception}) is too broad, set the match parameter or use a more specific exception

* Fix PT012: `pytest.raises()` block should contain a single simple statement

* Fix PT017: Found assertion on exception {name} in except block, use pytest.raises() instead

* Fix PT018: Assertion should be broken down into multiple parts

* Remove PT006 and PT007 from ignore list and fixup

* Use *Exception and *Error glob to apply PT011 and ignore AssertionErrors

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Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* add error messages to test_list_to_1d_numpy

* add error messages to test_training_works_if_client_not_provided_or_set_after_construction

* ensure name value is captured in error message, update name for all _list_to_1d_numpy calls

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Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

[python-package] do not copy column-major numpy arrays when creating Dataset from list of arrays (#6773)
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* do not copy column-major numpy arrays when creating Dataset

* fix logic

* lint

* code review

* update test

* move dataset test to basic

* increase features

* assert single layout

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Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

[python-package] respect 'verbose' setting when using custom objective function (fixes #6014) (#6428)

[python-package] Add support for NumPy 2.0, test against nightly versions of dependencies (fixes #6454) (#6467)

[python-package] remove uses of deprecated NumPy random number generation APIs, require 'numpy>=1.17.0' (#6468)

[python-package] fix access to Dataset metadata in scikit-learn custom metrics and objectives (#6108)

* [ci] speed up if-else, swig, and lint conda setup

* add 'source activate'

* python constraint

* start removing cuda v1

* comment out CI

* remove more references

* revert some unnecessaary changes

* revert a few more mistakes

* revert another change that ignored params

* sigh

* remove CUDATreeLearner

* fix tests, docs

* fix quoting in setup.py

* restore all CI

* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: shiyu1994 <shiyu_k1994@qq.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

* completely remove cuda_exp, update docs

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Co-authored-by: shiyu1994 <shiyu_k1994@qq.com>

* include parameters from reference dataset on copy

* lint

* set non-default parameters

* dump sorted parameter aliases

* update lgb.check.wrapper_param

* update _choose_param_value to look like lgb.check.wrapper_param

* apply suggestions from review

* reduce diff

* move DumpAliases to config

* remove unnecessary check

* restore parameter check

* [python] preserve None in _choose_param_value()

* Update python-package/lightgbm/basic.py
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update test_basic.py

* Address review comment

* dont copy dataframe on rename

* test with feature_name and 'auto'

[python-package] make a shallow copy when replacing categorical features with codes (fixes #4596) (#5225)

* allow using feature names when retrieving number of bins

* unname vector

* use default feature names when not defined

* lint

* apply suggestions

* remove extra comma

* add test with categorical feature

* make feature names sync more transparent

* check number of features when retrieving number of bins

* check for negative values

* lint

[python-package] remove 'fobj' in favor of passing custom objective function in params (fixes #3244) (#5052)

* feat: support custom metrics in params

* feat: support objective in params

* test: custom objective and metric

* fix: imports are incorrectly sorted

* feat: convert eval metrics str and set to list

* feat: convert single callable eval_metric to list

* test: single callable objective in params
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* feat: callable fobj in basic cv function
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: cv support objective callable
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* fix: assert in cv_res
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* docs: objective callable in params
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* recover test_boost_from_average_with_single_leaf_trees
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* linters fail
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* remove metrics helper functions
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* feat: choose objective through _choose_param_values
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: test objective through _choose_param_values
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: test objective is callabe in train
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: parametrize choose_param_value with objective aliases
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: cv booster metric is none
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* fix: if string and callable choose callable
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test train uses custom objective metrics
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: cv uses custom objective metrics
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* refactor: remove fobj parameter in train and cv
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* refactor: objective through params in sklearn API
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* custom objective function in advanced_example
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* fix whitespackes lint

* objective is none not a particular case for predict method
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* replace scipy.expit with custom implementation
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* test: set num_boost_round value to 20
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* fix: custom objective default_value is none
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* refactor: remove self._fobj
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* custom_objective default value is None
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* refactor: variables name reference dummy_obj
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* linter errors

* fix: process objective parameter when calling predict
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* linter errors

* fix: objective is None during predict call
Signed-off-by: Miguel Trejo <armando.trejo.marrufo@gmail.com>

* new cuda framework

* add histogram construction kernel

* before removing multi-gpu

* new cuda framework

* tree learner cuda kernels

* single tree framework ready

* single tree training framework

* remove comments

* boosting with cuda

* optimize for best split find

* data split

* move boosting into cuda

* parallel synchronize best split point

* merge split data kernels

* before code refactor

* use tasks instead of features as units for split finding

* refactor cuda best split finder

* fix configuration error with small leaves in data split

* skip histogram construction of too small leaf

* skip split finding of invalid leaves

stop when no leaf to split

* support row wise with CUDA

* copy data for split by column

* copy data from host to CPU by column for data partition

* add synchronize best splits for one leaf from multiple blocks

* partition dense row data

* fix sync best split from task blocks

* add support for sparse row wise for CUDA

* remove useless code

* add l2 regression objective

* sparse multi value bin enabled for CUDA

* fix cuda ranking objective

* support for number of items <= 2048 per query

* speedup histogram construction by interleaving global memory access

* split optimization

* add cuda tree predictor

* remove comma

* refactor objective and score updater

* before use struct

* use structure for split information

* use structure for leaf splits

* return CUDASplitInfo directly after finding best split

* split with CUDATree directly

* use cuda row data in cuda histogram constructor

* clean src/treelearner/cuda

* gather shared cuda device functions

* put shared CUDA functions into header file

* change smaller leaf from <= back to < for consistent result with CPU

* add tree predictor

* remove useless cuda_tree_predictor

* predict on CUDA with pipeline

* add global sort algorithms

* add global argsort for queries with many items in ranking tasks

* remove limitation of maximum number of items per query in ranking

* add cuda metrics

* fix CUDA AUC

* remove debug code

* add regression metrics

* remove useless file

* don't use mask in shuffle reduce

* add more regression objectives

* fix cuda mape loss

add cuda xentropy loss

* use template for different versions of BitonicArgSortDevice

* add multiclass metrics

* add ndcg metric

* fix cross entropy objectives and metrics

* fix cross entropy and ndcg metrics

* add support for customized objective in CUDA

* complete multiclass ova for CUDA

* separate cuda tree learner

* use shuffle based prefix sum

* clean up cuda_algorithms.hpp

* add copy subset on CUDA

* add bagging for CUDA

* clean up code

* copy gradients from host to device

* support bagging without using subset

* add support of bagging with subset for CUDAColumnData

* add support of bagging with subset for dense CUDARowData

* refactor copy sparse subrow

* use copy subset for column subset

* add reset train data and reset config for CUDA tree learner

add deconstructors for cuda tree learner

* add USE_CUDA ifdef to cuda tree learner files

* check that dataset doesn't contain CUDA tree learner

* remove printf debug information

* use full new cuda tree learner only when using single GPU

* disable all CUDA code when using CPU version

* recover main.cpp

* add cpp files for multi value bins

* update LightGBM.vcxproj

* update LightGBM.vcxproj

fix lint errors

* fix lint errors

* fix lint errors

* update Makevars

fix lint errors

* fix the case with 0 feature and 0 bin

fix split finding for invalid leaves

create cuda column data when loaded from bin file

* fix lint errors

hide GetRowWiseData when cuda is not used

* recover default device type to cpu

* fix na_as_missing case

fix cuda feature meta information

* fix UpdateDataIndexToLeafIndexKernel

* create CUDA trees when needed in CUDADataPartition::UpdateTrainScore

* add refit by tree for cuda tree learner

* fix test_refit in test_engine.py

* create set of large bin partitions in CUDARowData

* add histogram construction for columns with a large number of bins

* add find best split for categorical features on CUDA

* add bitvectors for categorical split

* cuda data partition split for categorical features

* fix split tree with categorical feature

* fix categorical feature splits

* refactor cuda_data_partition.cu with multi-level templates

* refactor CUDABestSplitFinder by grouping task information into struct

* pre-allocate space for vector split_find_tasks_ in CUDABestSplitFinder

* fix misuse of reference

* remove useless changes

* add support for path smoothing

* virtual destructor for LightGBM::Tree

* fix overlapped cat threshold in best split infos

* reset histogram pointers in data partition and spllit finder in ResetConfig

* comment useless parameter

* fix reverse case when na is missing and default bin is zero

* fix mfb_is_na and mfb_is_zero and is_single_feature_column

* remove debug log

* fix cat_l2 when one-hot

fix gradient copy when data subset is used

* switch shared histogram size according to CUDA version

* gpu_use_dp=true when cuda test

* revert modification in config.h

* fix setting of gpu_use_dp=true in .ci/test.sh

* fix linter errors

* fix linter error

remove useless change

* recover main.cpp

* separate cuda_exp and cuda

* fix ci bash scripts

add description for cuda_exp

* add USE_CUDA_EXP flag

* switch off USE_CUDA_EXP

* revert changes in python-packages

* more careful separation for USE_CUDA_EXP

* fix CUDARowData::DivideCUDAFeatureGroups

fix set fields for cuda metadata

* revert config.h

* fix test settings for cuda experimental version

* skip some tests due to unsupported features or differences in implementation details for CUDA Experimental version

* fix lint issue by adding a blank line

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* merge cuda.yml and cuda_exp.yml

* update python version in cuda.yml

* remove cuda_exp.yml

* remove unrelated changes

* fix compilation warnings

fix cuda exp ci task name

* recover task

* use multi-level template in histogram construction

check split only in debug mode

* ignore NVCC related lines in parameter_generator.py

* update job name for CUDA tests

* apply review suggestions

* Update .github/workflows/cuda.yml
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update .github/workflows/cuda.yml
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* update header

* remove useless TODOs

* remove [TODO(shiyu1994): constrain the split with min_data_in_group] and record in #5062

* #include <LightGBM/utils/log.h> for USE_CUDA_EXP only

* fix include order

* fix include order

* remove extra space

* address review comments

* add warning when cuda_exp is used together with deterministic

* add comment about gpu_use_dp in .ci/test.sh

* revert changing order of included headers
Co-authored-by: Yu Shi <shiyu1994@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* expose FeatureNumBin in C api

* parametrize min_data_in_bin and add test with max_bin_by_feature

* include feature_num_bin in R package

* add suggestion from review
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* update error message and lint

* lint

* add call method

* minor improvements in tests

* add suggestions from review

* lint

* rename argument to feature in python and r packages
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

[tests][python] move tests that use `train()` function defined in `engine.py` from `test_basic.py` to `test_engine.py` (#5034)

* Update test_basic.py

* Update test_engine.py

* Update test_engine.py

* map nullable dtypes to regular float dtypes

* cast x3 to float after introducing missing values

* add test for regular dtypes

* use .astype and then values. update nullable_dtypes test and include test for regular numpy dtypes

* more specific allowed dtypes. test no copy when single float dtype df

* use np.find_common_type. set np.float128 to None when it isn't supported

* set default as type(None)

* move tests that use lgb.train to test_engine

* include np.float32 when finding common dtype

* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* add linebreak
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

[python-package] use 2d collections for predictions, grads and hess in multiclass custom objective (#4925)

* reshape predictions, grad and hess in multiclass custom objective

* add sklearn test. move custom obj to utils. docs for numpy

* use num_model_per_iteration to get num_classes

* update docs and dask multiclass custom objective test

* move reshaping to __inner_predict. add test for feval

* add missing note. remove extra line

[python] raise an informative error instead of segfaulting when custom objective produces incorrect output (#4815)

* fix for bad grads causing segfault

* adjust checking criteria to properly reflect reality of multi-class classifiers

* fix styling

* Line break before operator

* Update python-package/lightgbm/basic.py
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update python-package/lightgbm/basic.py
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* add a note to the C-API docs

* rearrange text s;ightly

* add some tests to python package

* Update include/LightGBM/c_api.h
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* PR comments

* match argument is a regex and our expression has brackets ..

* rework tests

* isorting imports

* updating test to relfect that the python APi does not take pres/labels as a fobj function
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* add C API function that returns all param names with aliases

* add C API function that returns all param names with aliases

* add R code

* test R code

* remove debug CI

* fix R lint

* refactor

* run CI

* fix R

* fix

* revert CI checks

* revert changes in docs

* Try to make function `const`
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* add `const` in cpp file

* address review comments and sync with `master`
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>