GitLab

* add binary objective for cuda_exp

* include <string> and <vector>

* exchange include ordering

* fix length of score to copy in evaluation

* fix EvalOneMetric

* fix cuda binary objective and prediction when boosting on gpu

* Add white space

* fix BoostFromScore for CUDABinaryLogloss

update log in test_register_logger

* include <algorithm>

* simplify shared memory buffer

* fix cuda_exp ci

* fix ci failures introduced by #5279

* cleanup cuda.yml

* fix test.sh

* clean up test.sh

* clean up test.sh

* skip lines by cuda_exp in test_register_logger

* Update tests/python_package_test/test_utilities.py
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* initial work for boosting and evaluation with CUDA

* fix compatibility with CPU code

* fix creating objective without USE_CUDA_EXP

* fix static analysis errors

* fix static analysis errors

* new cuda framework

* add histogram construction kernel

* before removing multi-gpu

* new cuda framework

* tree learner cuda kernels

* single tree framework ready

* single tree training framework

* remove comments

* boosting with cuda

* optimize for best split find

* data split

* move boosting into cuda

* parallel synchronize best split point

* merge split data kernels

* before code refactor

* use tasks instead of features as units for split finding

* refactor cuda best split finder

* fix configuration error with small leaves in data split

* skip histogram construction of too small leaf

* skip split finding of invalid leaves

stop when no leaf to split

* support row wise with CUDA

* copy data for split by column

* copy data from host to CPU by column for data partition

* add synchronize best splits for one leaf from multiple blocks

* partition dense row data

* fix sync best split from task blocks

* add support for sparse row wise for CUDA

* remove useless code

* add l2 regression objective

* sparse multi value bin enabled for CUDA

* fix cuda ranking objective

* support for number of items <= 2048 per query

* speedup histogram construction by interleaving global memory access

* split optimization

* add cuda tree predictor

* remove comma

* refactor objective and score updater

* before use struct

* use structure for split information

* use structure for leaf splits

* return CUDASplitInfo directly after finding best split

* split with CUDATree directly

* use cuda row data in cuda histogram constructor

* clean src/treelearner/cuda

* gather shared cuda device functions

* put shared CUDA functions into header file

* change smaller leaf from <= back to < for consistent result with CPU

* add tree predictor

* remove useless cuda_tree_predictor

* predict on CUDA with pipeline

* add global sort algorithms

* add global argsort for queries with many items in ranking tasks

* remove limitation of maximum number of items per query in ranking

* add cuda metrics

* fix CUDA AUC

* remove debug code

* add regression metrics

* remove useless file

* don't use mask in shuffle reduce

* add more regression objectives

* fix cuda mape loss

add cuda xentropy loss

* use template for different versions of BitonicArgSortDevice

* add multiclass metrics

* add ndcg metric

* fix cross entropy objectives and metrics

* fix cross entropy and ndcg metrics

* add support for customized objective in CUDA

* complete multiclass ova for CUDA

* separate cuda tree learner

* use shuffle based prefix sum

* clean up cuda_algorithms.hpp

* add copy subset on CUDA

* add bagging for CUDA

* clean up code

* copy gradients from host to device

* support bagging without using subset

* add support of bagging with subset for CUDAColumnData

* add support of bagging with subset for dense CUDARowData

* refactor copy sparse subrow

* use copy subset for column subset

* add reset train data and reset config for CUDA tree learner

add deconstructors for cuda tree learner

* add USE_CUDA ifdef to cuda tree learner files

* check that dataset doesn't contain CUDA tree learner

* remove printf debug information

* use full new cuda tree learner only when using single GPU

* disable all CUDA code when using CPU version

* recover main.cpp

* add cpp files for multi value bins

* update LightGBM.vcxproj

* update LightGBM.vcxproj

fix lint errors

* fix lint errors

* fix lint errors

* update Makevars

fix lint errors

* fix the case with 0 feature and 0 bin

fix split finding for invalid leaves

create cuda column data when loaded from bin file

* fix lint errors

hide GetRowWiseData when cuda is not used

* recover default device type to cpu

* fix na_as_missing case

fix cuda feature meta information

* fix UpdateDataIndexToLeafIndexKernel

* create CUDA trees when needed in CUDADataPartition::UpdateTrainScore

* add refit by tree for cuda tree learner

* fix test_refit in test_engine.py

* create set of large bin partitions in CUDARowData

* add histogram construction for columns with a large number of bins

* add find best split for categorical features on CUDA

* add bitvectors for categorical split

* cuda data partition split for categorical features

* fix split tree with categorical feature

* fix categorical feature splits

* refactor cuda_data_partition.cu with multi-level templates

* refactor CUDABestSplitFinder by grouping task information into struct

* pre-allocate space for vector split_find_tasks_ in CUDABestSplitFinder

* fix misuse of reference

* remove useless changes

* add support for path smoothing

* virtual destructor for LightGBM::Tree

* fix overlapped cat threshold in best split infos

* reset histogram pointers in data partition and spllit finder in ResetConfig

* comment useless parameter

* fix reverse case when na is missing and default bin is zero

* fix mfb_is_na and mfb_is_zero and is_single_feature_column

* remove debug log

* fix cat_l2 when one-hot

fix gradient copy when data subset is used

* switch shared histogram size according to CUDA version

* gpu_use_dp=true when cuda test

* revert modification in config.h

* fix setting of gpu_use_dp=true in .ci/test.sh

* fix linter errors

* fix linter error

remove useless change

* recover main.cpp

* separate cuda_exp and cuda

* fix ci bash scripts

add description for cuda_exp

* add USE_CUDA_EXP flag

* switch off USE_CUDA_EXP

* revert changes in python-packages

* more careful separation for USE_CUDA_EXP

* fix CUDARowData::DivideCUDAFeatureGroups

fix set fields for cuda metadata

* revert config.h

* fix test settings for cuda experimental version

* skip some tests due to unsupported features or differences in implementation details for CUDA Experimental version

* fix lint issue by adding a blank line

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* fix lint errors by resorting imports

* merge cuda.yml and cuda_exp.yml

* update python version in cuda.yml

* remove cuda_exp.yml

* remove unrelated changes

* fix compilation warnings

fix cuda exp ci task name

* recover task

* use multi-level template in histogram construction

check split only in debug mode

* ignore NVCC related lines in parameter_generator.py

* update job name for CUDA tests

* apply review suggestions

* Update .github/workflows/cuda.yml
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update .github/workflows/cuda.yml
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* update header

* remove useless TODOs

* remove [TODO(shiyu1994): constrain the split with min_data_in_group] and record in #5062

* #include <LightGBM/utils/log.h> for USE_CUDA_EXP only

* fix include order

* fix include order

* remove extra space

* address review comments

* add warning when cuda_exp is used together with deterministic

* add comment about gpu_use_dp in .ci/test.sh

* revert changing order of included headers
Co-authored-by: Yu Shi <shiyu1994@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* fix duplicate added initial scores for single-leaf trees

* add test case

* Fix import in Python test

* commit python suggestions
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* add customized parser support

* fix typo of parser_config_file description

* make delimiter as parameter of JoinedLines

* Correct spelling

Most changes were in comments, and there were a few changes to literals for log output.

There were no changes to variable names, function names, IDs, or functionality.

* Clarify a phrase in a comment
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* Clarify a phrase in a comment
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* Clarify a phrase in a comment
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* Correct spelling

Most are code comments, but one case is a literal in a logging message.

There are a few grammar fixes too.
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* Add Eigen library.

* Working for simple test.

* Apply changes to config params.

* Handle nan data.

* Update docs.

* Add test.

* Only load raw data if boosting=gbdt_linear

* Remove unneeded code.

* Minor updates.

* Update to work with sk-learn interface.

* Update to work with chunked datasets.

* Throw error if we try to create a Booster with an already-constructed dataset having incompatible parameters.

* Save raw data in binary dataset file.

* Update docs and fix parameter checking.

* Fix dataset loading.

* Add test for regularization.

* Fix bugs when saving and loading tree.

* Add test for load/save linear model.

* Remove unneeded code.

* Fix case where not enough leaf data for linear model.

* Simplify code.

* Speed up code.

* Speed up code.

* Simplify code.

* Speed up code.

* Fix bugs.

* Working version.

* Store feature data column-wise (not fully working yet).

* Fix bugs.

* Speed up.

* Speed up.

* Remove unneeded code.

* Small speedup.

* Speed up.

* Minor updates.

* Remove unneeded code.

* Fix bug.

* Fix bug.

* Speed up.

* Speed up.

* Simplify code.

* Remove unneeded code.

* Fix bug, add more tests.

* Fix bug and add test.

* Only store numerical features

* Fix bug and speed up using templates.

* Speed up prediction.

* Fix bug with regularisation

* Visual studio files.

* Working version

* Only check nans if necessary

* Store coeff matrix as an array.

* Align cache lines

* Align cache lines

* Preallocation coefficient calculation matrices

* Small speedups

* Small speedup

* Reverse cache alignment changes

* Change to dynamic schedule

* Update docs.

* Refactor so that linear tree learner is not a separate class.

* Add refit capability.

* Speed up

* Small speedups.

* Speed up add prediction to score.

* Fix bug

* Fix bug and speed up.

* Speed up dataload.

* Speed up dataload

* Use vectors instead of pointers

* Fix bug

* Add OMP exception handling.

* Change return type of LGBM_BoosterGetLinear to bool

* Change return type of LGBM_BoosterGetLinear back to int, only parameter type needed to change

* Remove unused internal_parent_ property of tree

* Remove unused parameter to CreateTreeLearner

* Remove reference to LinearTreeLearner

* Minor style issues

* Remove unneeded check

* Reverse temporary testing change

* Fix Visual Studio project files

* Restore LightGBM.vcxproj.filters

* Speed up

* Speed up

* Simplify code

* Update docs

* Simplify code

* Initialise storage space for max num threads

* Move Eigen to include directory and delete unused files

* Remove old files.

* Fix so it compiles with mingw

* Fix gpu tree learner

* Change AddPredictionToScore back to const

* Fix python lint error

* Fix C++ lint errors

* Change eigen to a submodule

* Update comment

* Add the eigen folder

* Try to fix build issues with eigen

* Remove eigen files

* Add eigen as submodule

* Fix include paths

* Exclude eigen files from Python linter

* Ignore eigen folders for pydocstyle

* Fix C++ linting errors

* Fix docs

* Fix docs

* Exclude eigen directories from doxygen

* Update manifest to include eigen

* Update build_r to include eigen files

* Fix compiler warnings

* Store raw feature data as float

* Use float for calculating linear coefficients

* Remove eigen directory from GLOB

* Don't compile linear model code when building R package

* Fix doxygen issue

* Fix lint issue

* Fix lint issue

* Remove uneeded code

* Restore delected lines

* Restore delected lines

* Change return type of has_raw to bool

* Update docs

* Rename some variables and functions for readability

* Make tree_learner parameter const in AddScore

* Fix style issues

* Pass vectors as const reference when setting tree properties

* Make temporary storage of serial_tree_learner mutable so we can make the object's methods const

* Remove get_raw_size, use num_numeric_features instead

* Fix typo

* Make contains_nan_ and any_nan_ properties immutable again

* Remove data_has_nan_ property of tree

* Remove temporary test code

* Make linear_tree a dataset param

* Fix lint error

* Make LinearTreeLearner a separate class

* Fix lint errors

* Fix lint error

* Add linear_tree_learner.o

* Simulate omp_get_max_threads if openmp is not available

* Update PushOneData to also store raw data.

* Cast size to int

* Fix bug in ReshapeRaw

* Speed up code with multithreading

* Use OMP_NUM_THREADS

* Speed up with multithreading

* Update to use ArrayToString

* Fix tests

* Fix test

* Fix bug introduced in merge

* Minor updates

* Update docs

* [R-package] Remove CLI-only objects

* more guards

* more guards

* variable not string

* simplify fix

* revert build_r.R changes

* move define of global_timer
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update gbdt.cpp

* Update gbdt.cpp

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* Initial CUDA work

* redirect log to python console (#3090)

* redir log to python console

* fix pylint

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Update basic.py

* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update c_api.h

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Apply suggestions from code review

* super-minor: better wording
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: StrikerRUS <nekit94-12@hotmail.com>

* re-order includes (fixes #3132) (#3133)

* Revert "re-order includes (fixes #3132) (#3133)" (#3153)

This reverts commit 656d2676

.

* Missing change from previous rebase

* Minor cleanup and removal of development scripts.

* Only set gpu_use_dp on by default for CUDA. Other minor change.

* Fix python lint indentation problem.

* More python lint issues.

* Big lint cleanup - more to come.

* Another large lint cleanup - more to come.

* Even more lint cleanup.

* Minor cleanup so less differences in code.

* Revert is_use_subset changes

* Another rebase from master to fix recent conflicts.

* More lint.

* Simple code cleanup - add & remove blank lines, revert unneccessary format changes, remove added dead code.

* Removed parameters added for CUDA and various bug fix.

* Yet more lint and unneccessary changes.

* Revert another change.

* Removal of unneccessary code.

* temporary appveyor.yml for building and testing

* Remove return value in ReSize

* Removal of unused variables.

* Code cleanup from reviewers suggestions.

* Removal of FIXME comments and unused defines.

* More reviewers comments cleanup.

* More reviewers comments cleanup.

* More reviewers comments cleanup.

* Fix config variables.

* Attempt to fix check-docs failure

* Update Paramster.rst for num_gpu

* Removing test appveyor.yml

* Add ƒCUDA_RESOLVE_DEVICE_SYMBOLS to libraries to fix linking issue.

* Fixed handling of data elements less than 2K.

* More reviewers comments cleanup.

* Removal of TODO and fix printing of int64_t

* Add cuda change for CI testing and remove cuda from device_type in python.

* Missed one change form previous check-in

* Removal AdditionConfig and fix settings.

* Limit number of GPUs to one for now in CUDA.

* Update Parameters.rst for previous check-in

* Whitespace removal.

* Cleanup unused code.

* Changed uint/ushort/ulong to unsigned int/short/long to help Windows based CUDA compiler work.

* Lint change from previous check-in.

* Changes based on reviewers comments.

* More reviewer comment changes.

* Adding warning for is_sparse. Revert tmp_subset code. Only return FeatureGroupData if not is_multi_val_

* Fix so that CUDA code will compile even if you enable the SCORE_T_USE_DOUBLE define.

* Reviewer comment cleanup.

* Replace warning with Log message. Removal of some of the USE_CUDA. Fix typo and removal of pragma once.

* Remove PRINT debug for CUDA code.

* Allow to use of multiple GPUs for CUDA.

* More multi-GPUs enablement for CUDA.

* More code cleanup based on reviews comments.

* Update docs with latest config changes.
Co-authored-by: Gordon Fossum <fossum@us.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: ChipKerchner <ckerchne@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Guolin Ke <guolin.ke@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: StrikerRUS <nekit94-12@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* [python] add start_iteration to python predict interface (#3058)

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Update lightgbm_R.h

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Apply suggestions from code review

* fix R interface

* update R documentation
Co-authored-by: Guolin Ke <guolin.ke@outlook.com>

* feature importance type in saved model file

* fix nullptr

* fixed formatting

* fix python/R

* Update src/c_api.cpp

* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* fix c_api test

* fix swig

* minor docs improvements and added defines for importance types
Co-authored-by: StrikerRUS <nekit94-12@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* adding sparse support to TreeSHAP in lightgbm

* updating based on comments

* updated based on comments, used fromiter instead of frombuffer

* updated based on comments

* fixed limits import order

* fix sparse feature contribs to work with more than int32 max rows

* really fixed int64 max error and build warnings

* added sparse test with >int32 max rows

* fixed python side reshape check on sparse data

* updated based on latest comments

* fixed comments

* added CSC INT32_MAX validation to test, fixed comments

* Add interaction constraints functionality.

* Minor fixes.

* Minor fixes.

* Change lambda to function.

* Fix gpu bug, remove extra blank lines.

* Fix gpu bug.

* Fix style issues.

* Try to fix segfault on MACOS.

* Fix bug.

* Fix bug.

* Fix bugs.

* Change parameter format for R.

* Fix R style issues.

* Change string formatting code.

* Change docs to say R package not supported.

* Remove R functionality, moving to separate PR.

* Keep track of branch features in tree object.

* Only track branch features when feature interactions are enabled.

* Fix lint error.

* Update docs and simplify tests.

This reverts commit 656d2676.

* indent and constructor

* fix more

* fix long
Co-authored-by: StrikerRUS <nekit94-12@hotmail.com>

* speed up for const hessian

* rename template

* some refactorings

* refine

* refine

* simplify codes

* fix random in feature histogram

* code refine

* refine

* try fix

* make gcc happy

* remove timer

* rollback some changes

* more templates

* fix a bug

* reduce the cost of timer

* fix gpu

* fix bug

* fix gpu

* fixed cpplint errors

* fixed more cpplint errors

* speed up multi-val bin subset for bagging

* remove the duplicated codes

* code refine

* some codes refactoring

* move `is_constant_hessian` into `TrainingShareStates`

* refine

* fix bug

* fix bug when num_groups_ < 0

* fix gpu

* fix gpu bagging

* fix gpu bug

* typo

* Update src/treelearner/serial_tree_learner.h

* removed unused includes

* fixed index

* fix bagging

* fixed cpplint issues

* updated docs
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* fixed cpplint issues

* fixed cpplint issues

* some refines

* more omp refactoring

* format define

* fix merge bug

* some fixes

* fix some warnings

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Apply suggestions from code review

* remove dup codes

* Add capability to get possible max and min values for a model

* Change implementation to have return value in tree.cpp, change naming to upper and lower bound, move implementation to gdbt.cpp

* Update include/LightGBM/c_api.h
Co-Authored-By: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Change iteration to avoid potential overflow, add bindings to R and Python and a basic test

* Adjust test values

* Consider const correctness and multithreading protection

* Update test values

* Update test values

* Add test to check that model is exactly the same in all platforms

* Try to parse the model to get the expected values

* Try to parse the model to get the expected values

* Fix implementation, num_leaves can be lower than the leaf_value_ size

* Do not check for num_leaves to be smaller than actual size and get back to test with hardcoded value

* Change test order

* Add gpu_use_dp option in test

* Remove helper test method

* Update src/c_api.cpp
Co-Authored-By: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update src/io/tree.cpp
Co-Authored-By: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update src/io/tree.cpp
Co-Authored-By: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Update tests/python_package_test/test_basic.py
Co-Authored-By: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* Remoove imports
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* reset

* fix a bug

* fix test

* Update c_api.h

* support to no filter features by min_data

* add warning in reset config

* refine warnings for override dataset's parameter

* some cleans

* clean code

* clean code

* refine C API function doxygen comments

* refined new param description

* refined doxygen comments for R API function

* removed stuff related to int8

* break long line in warning message

* removed tests which results cannot be validated anymore

* added test for warnings about unchangeable params

* write parameter from dataset to booster

* consider free_raw_data.

* fix params

* fix bug

* implementing R

* fix typo

* filter params in R

* fix R

* not min_data

* refined tests

* fixed linting

* refine

* pilint

* add docstring

* fix docstring

* R lint

* updated description for C API function

* use param aliases in Python

* fixed typo

* fixed typo

* added more params to test

* removed debug print

* fix dataset construct place

* fix merge bug

* Update feature_histogram.hpp

* add is_sparse back

* remove unused parameters

* fix lint

* add data random seed

* update

* [R-package] centrallized Dataset parameter aliases and added tests on Dataset parameter updating (#2767)
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* various minor style, docs and cpplint improvements

* fixed typo in warning

* fix recently added cpplint errors

* move note for params upper in description for consistency

* commit

* fix a bug

* fix bug

* reset to track changes

* refine the auto choose logic

* sort the time stats output

* fix include

* change  multi_val_bin_sparse_threshold

* add cmake

* add _mm_malloc and _mm_free for cross platform

* fix cmake bug

* timer for split

* try to fix cmake

* fix tests

* refactor DataPartition::Split

* fix test

* typo

* formating

* Revert "formating"

This reverts commit 5b8de4f7fb9d975ee23701d276a66d40ee6d4222.

* add document

* [R-package] Added tests on use of force_col_wise and force_row_wise in training (#2719)

* naming

* fix gpu code

* Update include/LightGBM/bin.h
Co-Authored-By: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>

* Update src/treelearner/ocl/histogram16.cl

* test: swap compilers for CI

* fix omp

* not avx2

* no aligned for feature histogram

* Revert "refactor DataPartition::Split"

This reverts commit 256e6d9641ade966a1f54da1752e998a1149b6f8.

* slightly refactor data partition

* reduce the memory cost
Co-authored-by: James Lamb <jaylamb20@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* fix many cpp lint errors

* indent

* fix bug

* fix more

* fix gpu

* more fixes

* Some basic changes to the plot of the trees to make them readable.

* Squeezed the information in the nodes.

* Added colouring when a dictionnary mapping the features to the constraints is passed.

* Fix spaces.

* Added data percentage as an option in the nodes.

* Squeezed the information in the leaves.

* Important information is now in bold.

* Added a legend for the color of monotone splits.

* Changed "split_gain" to "gain" and "internal_value" to "value".

* Sqeezed leaves a bit more.

* Changed description in the legend.

* Revert "Sqeezed leaves a bit more."

This reverts commit dd8bf14a3ba604b0dfae3b7bb1c64b6784d15e03.

* Increased the readability for the gain.

* Tidied up the legend.

* Added the data percentage in the leaves.

* Added the monotone constraints to the dumped model.

* Monotone constraints are now specified automatically when plotting trees.

* Raise an exception instead of the bug that was here before.

* Removed operators on the branches for a clearer design.

* Small cleaning of the code.

* Setting a monotone constraint on a categorical feature now returns an exception instead of doing nothing.

* Fix bug when monotone constraints are empty.

* Fix another bug when monotone constraints are empty.

* Variable name change.

* Added is / isn't on every edge of the trees.

* Fix test "tree_create_digraph".

* Add new test for plotting trees with monotone constraints.

* Typo.

* Update documentation of categorical features.

* Typo.

* Information in nodes more explicit.

* Used regular strings instead of raw strings.

* Small refactoring.

* Some cleaning.

* Added future statement.

* Changed output for consistency.

* Updated documentation.

* Added comments for colors.

* Changed text on edges for more clarity.

* Small refactoring.

* Modified text in leaves for consistency with nodes.

* Updated default values and documentaton for consistency.

* Replaced CHECK with Log::Fatal for user-friendliness.

* Updated tests.

* Typo.

* Simplify imports.

* Swapped count and weight to improve readibility of the leaves in the plotted trees.

* Thresholds in bold.

* Made information in nodes written in a specific order.

* Added information to clarify legend.

* Code cleaning.

* add balanced bagging

* refine code

* fix format

* clarify usage only for binary application

* first metric only in earlystopping for cli

* code clean

* added note about CLI only usage

* removed note about CLI only usage

* fix a bug when bagging with reset_config

* clean code