Update quicktour (#2463)

* first draft of updated quicktour

* 🖍 apply feedbacks

* 🖍 apply feedback and minor edits

* 🖍 add link to safety checker

docs/source/en/quicktour.mdx

@@ -10,10 +10,25 @@ an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express o
 specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 -->
 
+[[open-in-colab]]
+
 # Quicktour
 
-Get up and running with 🧨 Diffusers quickly!
-Whether you're a developer or an everyday user, this quick tour will help you get started and show you how to use [`DiffusionPipeline`] for inference.
+Diffusion models are trained to denoise random Gaussian noise step-by-step to generate a sample of interest, such as an image or audio. This has sparked a tremendous amount of interest in generative AI, and you have probably seen examples of diffusion generated images on the internet. 🧨 Diffusers is a library aimed at making diffusion models widely accessible to everyone.
+
+Whether you're a developer or an everyday user, this quicktour will introduce you to 🧨 Diffusers and help you get up and generating quickly! There are three main components of the library to know about:
+
+* The [`DiffusionPipeline`] is a high-level end-to-end class designed to rapidly generate samples from pretrained diffusion models for inference.
+* Popular pretrained [model](./api/models) architectures and modules that can be used as building blocks for creating diffusion systems.
+* Many different [schedulers](./api/schedulers/overview) - algorithms that control how noise is added for training, and how to generate denoised images during inference.
+
+The quicktour will show you how to use the [`DiffusionPipeline`] for inference, and then walk you through how to combine a model and scheduler to replicate what's happening inside the [`DiffusionPipeline`].
+
+<Tip>
+
+The quicktour is a simplified version of the introductory 🧨 Diffusers [notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/diffusers/diffusers_intro.ipynb) to help you get started quickly. If you want to learn more about 🧨 Diffusers goal, design philosophy, and additional details about it's core API, check out the notebook!
+
+</Tip>
 
 Before you begin, make sure you have all the necessary libraries installed:
 
@@ -21,32 +36,32 @@ Before you begin, make sure you have all the necessary libraries installed:
 pip install --upgrade diffusers accelerate transformers
 ```
 
-- [`accelerate`](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/index) speeds up model loading for inference and training
-- [`transformers`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/index) is required to run the most popular diffusion models, such as [Stable Diffusion](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/api/pipelines/stable_diffusion/overview)
+- [🤗 Accelerate](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/index) speeds up model loading for inference and training.
+- [🤗 Transformers](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/index) is required to run the most popular diffusion models, such as [Stable Diffusion](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/api/pipelines/stable_diffusion/overview).
 
 ## DiffusionPipeline
 
-The [`DiffusionPipeline`] is the easiest way to use a pre-trained diffusion system for inference. You can use the [`DiffusionPipeline`] out-of-the-box for many tasks across different modalities. Take a look at the table below for some supported tasks:
+The [`DiffusionPipeline`] is the easiest way to use a pretrained diffusion system for inference. It is an end-to-end system containing the model and the scheduler. You can use the [`DiffusionPipeline`] out-of-the-box for many tasks. Take a look at the table below for some supported tasks, and for a complete list of supported tasks, check out the [🧨 Diffusers Summary](./api/pipelines/overview#diffusers-summary) table.
 
 | **Task**                     | **Description**                                                                                              | **Pipeline**
 |------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|
-| Unconditional Image Generation          | generate an image from gaussian noise | [unconditional_image_generation](./using-diffusers/unconditional_image_generation) |
+| Unconditional Image Generation          | generate an image from Gaussian noise | [unconditional_image_generation](./using-diffusers/unconditional_image_generation) |
 | Text-Guided Image Generation | generate an image given a text prompt | [conditional_image_generation](./using-diffusers/conditional_image_generation) |
 | Text-Guided Image-to-Image Translation     | adapt an image guided by a text prompt | [img2img](./using-diffusers/img2img) |
 | Text-Guided Image-Inpainting          | fill the masked part of an image given the image, the mask and a text prompt | [inpaint](./using-diffusers/inpaint) |
 | Text-Guided Depth-to-Image Translation | adapt parts of an image guided by a text prompt while preserving structure via depth estimation | [depth2img](./using-diffusers/depth2img) |
 
-For more in-detail information on how diffusion pipelines function for the different tasks, please have a look at the [**Using Diffusers**](./using-diffusers/overview) section.
+Start by creating an instance of a [`DiffusionPipeline`] and specify which pipeline checkpoint you would like to download.
+You can use the [`DiffusionPipeline`] for any [checkpoint](https://huggingface.co/models?library=diffusers&sort=downloads) stored on the Hugging Face Hub.
+In this quicktour, you'll load the [`stable-diffusion-v1-5`](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5) checkpoint for text-to-image generation.
 
-As an example, start by creating an instance of [`DiffusionPipeline`] and specify which pipeline checkpoint you would like to download.
-You can use the [`DiffusionPipeline`] for any [Diffusers' checkpoint](https://huggingface.co/models?library=diffusers&sort=downloads).
-In this guide though, you'll use [`DiffusionPipeline`] for text-to-image generation with [Stable Diffusion](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion).
+<Tip warning={true}>
 
-For [Stable Diffusion](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion), please carefully read its [license](https://huggingface.co/spaces/CompVis/stable-diffusion-license) before running the model.
-This is due to the improved image generation capabilities of the model and the potentially harmful content that could be produced with it.
-Please, head over to your stable diffusion model of choice, *e.g.*  [`runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5`](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5), and read the license.
+For [Stable Diffusion](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion) models, please carefully read the [license](https://huggingface.co/spaces/CompVis/stable-diffusion-license) first before running the model. 🧨 Diffusers implements a [`safety_checker`](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/src/diffusers/pipelines/stable_diffusion/safety_checker.py) to prevent offensive or harmful content, but the model's improved image generation capabilities can still produce potentially harmful content.
 
-You can load the model as follows:
+</Tip>
+
+Load the model with the [`~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained`] method:
 
 ```python
 >>> from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
@@ -54,77 +69,245 @@ You can load the model as follows:
 >>> pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5")
 ```
 
-The [`DiffusionPipeline`] downloads and caches all modeling, tokenization, and scheduling components. 
-Because the model consists of roughly 1.4 billion parameters, we strongly recommend running it on GPU.
-You can move the generator object to GPU, just like you would in PyTorch.
+The [`DiffusionPipeline`] downloads and caches all modeling, tokenization, and scheduling components. You'll see that the Stable Diffusion pipeline is composed of the [`UNet2DConditionModel`] and [`PNDMScheduler`] among other things:
+
+```py
+>>> pipeline
+StableDiffusionPipeline {
+  "_class_name": "StableDiffusionPipeline",
+  "_diffusers_version": "0.13.1",
+  ...,
+  "scheduler": [
+    "diffusers",
+    "PNDMScheduler"
+  ],
+  ...,
+  "unet": [
+    "diffusers",
+    "UNet2DConditionModel"
+  ],
+  "vae": [
+    "diffusers",
+    "AutoencoderKL"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+We strongly recommend running the pipeline on a GPU because the model consists of roughly 1.4 billion parameters.
+You can move the generator object to a GPU, just like you would in PyTorch:
 
 ```python
 >>> pipeline.to("cuda")
 ```
 
-Now you can use the `pipeline` on your text prompt:
+Now you can pass a text prompt to the `pipeline` to generate an image, and then access the denoised image. By default, the image output is wrapped in a [`PIL.Image`](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/Image.html?highlight=image#the-image-class) object.
 
 ```python
 >>> image = pipeline("An image of a squirrel in Picasso style").images[0]
+>>> image
 ```
 
-The output is by default wrapped into a [PIL Image object](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/Image.html?highlight=image#the-image-class).
+<div class="flex justify-center">
+    <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/image_of_squirrel_painting.png"/>
+</div>
 
-You can save the image by simply calling:
+Save the image by calling `save`:
 
 ```python
 >>> image.save("image_of_squirrel_painting.png")
 ```
 
-**Note**: You can also use the pipeline locally by downloading the weights via:
+### Local pipeline
+
+You can also use the pipeline locally. The only difference is you need to download the weights first:
 
 ```
 git lfs install
 git clone https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5
 ```
 
-and then loading the saved weights into the pipeline. 
+Then load the saved weights into the pipeline:
 
 ```python
 >>> pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("./stable-diffusion-v1-5")
 ```
 
-Running the pipeline is then identical to the code above as it's the same model architecture.
+Now you can run the pipeline as you would in the section above.
 
-```python
->>> generator.to("cuda")
->>> image = generator("An image of a squirrel in Picasso style").images[0]
->>> image.save("image_of_squirrel_painting.png")
-```
+### Swapping schedulers
 
-Diffusion systems can be used with multiple different [schedulers](./api/schedulers/overview) each with their
-pros and cons. By default, Stable Diffusion runs with [`PNDMScheduler`], but it's very simple to 
-use a different scheduler. *E.g.* if you would instead like to use the [`EulerDiscreteScheduler`] scheduler,
-you could use it as follows:
+Different schedulers come with different denoising speeds and quality trade-offs. The best way to find out which one works best for you is to try them out! One of the main features of 🧨 Diffusers is to allow you to easily switch between schedulers. For example, to replace the default [`PNDMScheduler`] with the [`EulerDiscreteScheduler`], load it with the [`~diffusers.ConfigMixin.from_config`] method:
 
-```python
+```py
 >>> from diffusers import EulerDiscreteScheduler
 
 >>> pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5")
-
->>> # change scheduler to Euler
 >>> pipeline.scheduler = EulerDiscreteScheduler.from_config(pipeline.scheduler.config)
 ```
 
-For more in-detail information on how to change between schedulers, please refer to the [Using Schedulers](./using-diffusers/schedulers) guide.
+Try generating an image with the new scheduler and see if you notice a difference!
+
+In the next section, you'll take a closer look at the components - the model and scheduler - that make up the [`DiffusionPipeline`] and learn how to use these components to generate an image of a cat.
+
+## Models
+
+Most models take a noisy sample, and at each timestep it predicts the *noise residual* (other models learn to predict the previous sample directly or the velocity or [`v-prediction`](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/5e5ce13e2f89ac45a0066cb3f369462a3cf1d9ef/src/diffusers/schedulers/scheduling_ddim.py#L110)), the difference between a less noisy image and the input image. You can mix and match models to create other diffusion systems.
+
+Models are initiated with the [`~ModelMixin.from_pretrained`] method which also locally caches the model weights so it is faster the next time you load the model. For the quicktour, you'll load the [`UNet2DModel`], a basic unconditional image generation model with a checkpoint trained on cat images:
+
+```py
+>>> from diffusers import UNet2DModel
+
+>>> repo_id = "google/ddpm-cat-256"
+>>> model = UNet2DModel.from_pretrained(repo_id)
+```
+
+To access the model parameters, call `model.config`:
+
+```py
+>>> model.config
+```
+
+The model configuration is a 🧊 frozen 🧊 dictionary, which means those parameters can't be changed after the model is created. This is intentional and ensures that the parameters used to define the model architecture at the start remain the same, while other parameters can still be adjusted during inference.
+
+Some of the most important parameters are:
+
+* `sample_size`: the height and width dimension of the input sample.
+* `in_channels`: the number of input channels of the input sample.
+* `down_block_types` and `up_block_types`: the type of down- and upsampling blocks used to create the UNet architecture.
+* `block_out_channels`: the number of output channels of the downsampling blocks; also used in reverse order for the number of input channels of the upsampling blocks.
+* `layers_per_block`: the number of ResNet blocks present in each UNet block.
+
+To use the model for inference, create the image shape with random Gaussian noise. It should have a `batch` axis because the model can receive multiple random noises, a `channel` axis corresponding to the number of input channels, and a `sample_size` axis for the height and width of the image:
+
+```py
+>>> import torch
+
+>>> torch.manual_seed(0)
+
+>>> noisy_sample = torch.randn(1, model.config.in_channels, model.config.sample_size, model.config.sample_size)
+>>> noisy_sample.shape
+torch.Size([1, 3, 256, 256])
+```
+
+For inference, pass the noisy image to the model and a `timestep`. The `timestep` indicates how noisy the input image is, with more noise at the beginning and less at the end. This helps the model determine its position in the diffusion process, whether it is closer to the start or the end. Use the `sample` method to get the model output:
+
+```py
+>>> with torch.no_grad():
+...     noisy_residual = model(sample=noisy_sample, timestep=2).sample
+```
+
+To generate actual examples though, you'll need a scheduler to guide the denoising process. In the next section, you'll learn how to couple a model with a scheduler.
+
+## Schedulers
+
+Schedulers manage going from a noisy sample to a less noisy sample given the model output - in this case, it is the `noisy_residual`.
+
+<Tip>
+
+🧨 Diffusers is a toolbox for building diffusion systems. While the [`DiffusionPipeline`] is a convenient way to get started with a pre-built diffusion system, you can also choose your own the model and scheduler components separately to build a custom diffusion system.
+
+</Tip>
+
+For the quicktour, you'll instantiate the [`DDPMScheduler`] with it's [`~diffusers.ConfigMixin.from_config`] method:
+
+```py
+>>> from diffusers import DDPMScheduler
+
+>>> scheduler = DDPMScheduler.from_config(repo_id)
+>>> scheduler
+DDPMScheduler {
+  "_class_name": "DDPMScheduler",
+  "_diffusers_version": "0.13.1",
+  "beta_end": 0.02,
+  "beta_schedule": "linear",
+  "beta_start": 0.0001,
+  "clip_sample": true,
+  "clip_sample_range": 1.0,
+  "num_train_timesteps": 1000,
+  "prediction_type": "epsilon",
+  "trained_betas": null,
+  "variance_type": "fixed_small"
+}
+```
+
+<Tip>
+
+💡 Notice how the scheduler is instantiated from a configuration. Unlike a model, a scheduler does not have trainable weights and is parameter-free!
+
+</Tip>
+
+Some of the most important parameters are:
+
+* `num_train_timesteps`: the length of the denoising process or in other words, the number of timesteps required to process random Gaussian noise into a data sample.
+* `beta_schedule`: the type of noise schedule to use for inference and training.
+* `beta_start` and `beta_end`: the start and end noise values for the noise schedule.
+
+To predict a slightly less noisy image, pass the following to the scheduler's [`~diffusers.DDPMScheduler.step`] method: model output, `timestep`, and current `sample`.
+
+```py
+>>> less_noisy_sample = scheduler.step(model_output=noisy_residual, timestep=2, sample=noisy_sample).prev_sample
+>>> less_noisy_sample.shape
+```
+
+The `less_noisy_sample` can be passed to the next `timestep` where it'll get even less noisier! Let's bring it all together now and visualize the entire denoising process. 
+
+First, create a function that postprocesses and displays the denoised image as a `PIL.Image`:
+
+```py
+>>> import PIL.Image
+>>> import numpy as np
+
+
+>>> def display_sample(sample, i):
+...     image_processed = sample.cpu().permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
+...     image_processed = (image_processed + 1.0) * 127.5
+...     image_processed = image_processed.numpy().astype(np.uint8)
+
+...     image_pil = PIL.Image.fromarray(image_processed[0])
+...     display(f"Image at step {i}")
+...     display(image_pil)
+```
+
+To speed up the denoising process, move the input and model to a GPU:
+
+```py
+>>> model.to("cuda")
+>>> noisy_sample = noisy_sample.to("cuda")
+```
+
+Now create a denoising loop that predicts the residual of the less noisy sample, and computes the less noisy sample with the scheduler:
+
+```py
+>>> import tqdm
+
+>>> sample = noisy_sample
+
+>>> for i, t in enumerate(tqdm.tqdm(scheduler.timesteps)):
+...     # 1. predict noise residual
+...     with torch.no_grad():
+...         residual = model(sample, t).sample
+
+...     # 2. compute less noisy image and set x_t -> x_t-1
+...     sample = scheduler.step(residual, t, sample).prev_sample
+
+...     # 3. optionally look at image
+...     if (i + 1) % 50 == 0:
+...         display_sample(sample, i + 1)
+```
 
-[Stability AI's](https://stability.ai/) Stable Diffusion model is an impressive image generation model
-and can do much more than just generating images from text. We have dedicated a whole documentation page,
-just for Stable Diffusion [here](./conceptual/stable_diffusion).
+Sit back and watch as a cat is generated from nothing but noise! 😻
 
-If you want to know how to optimize Stable Diffusion to run on less memory, higher inference speeds, on specific hardware, such as Mac, or with [ONNX Runtime](https://onnxruntime.ai/), please have a look at our 
-optimization pages:
+<div class="flex justify-center">
+    <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/diffusion-quicktour.png"/>
+</div>
 
-- [Optimized PyTorch on GPU](./optimization/fp16)
-- [Mac OS with PyTorch](./optimization/mps)
-- [ONNX](./optimization/onnx)
-- [OpenVINO](./optimization/open_vino)
+## Next steps
 
-If you want to fine-tune or train your diffusion model, please have a look at the [**training section**](./training/overview)
+Hopefully you generated some cool images with 🧨 Diffusers in this quicktour! For your next steps, you can:
 
-Finally, please be considerate when distributing generated images publicly 🤗.
+* Train or finetune a model to generate your own images in the [training](./tutorials/basic_training) tutorial.
+* See example official and community [training or finetuning scripts](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/tree/main/examples#-diffusers-examples) for a variety of use cases.
+* Learn more about loading, accessing, changing and comparing schedulers in the [Using different Schedulers](./using-diffusers/schedulers) guide.
+* Explore prompt engineering, speed and memory optimizations, and tips and tricks for generating higher quality images with the [Stable Diffusion](./stable_diffusion) guide.
+* Dive deeper into speeding up 🧨 Diffusers with guides on [optimized PyTorch on a GPU](./optimization/fp16), and inference guides for running [Stable Diffusion on Apple Silicon (M1/M2)](./optimization/mps) and [ONNX Runtime](./optimization/onnx).
\ No newline at end of file