embeddings.py

# Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import math
from typing import Optional

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn


def get_timestep_embedding(
    timesteps: torch.Tensor,
    embedding_dim: int,
    flip_sin_to_cos: bool = False,
    downscale_freq_shift: float = 1,
    scale: float = 1,
    max_period: int = 10000,
):
    """
    This matches the implementation in Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models: Create sinusoidal timestep embeddings.

    :param timesteps: a 1-D Tensor of N indices, one per batch element.
                      These may be fractional.
    :param embedding_dim: the dimension of the output. :param max_period: controls the minimum frequency of the
    embeddings. :return: an [N x dim] Tensor of positional embeddings.
    """
    assert len(timesteps.shape) == 1, "Timesteps should be a 1d-array"

    half_dim = embedding_dim // 2
    exponent = -math.log(max_period) * torch.arange(
        start=0, end=half_dim, dtype=torch.float32, device=timesteps.device
    )
    exponent = exponent / (half_dim - downscale_freq_shift)

    emb = torch.exp(exponent)
    emb = timesteps[:, None].float() * emb[None, :]

    # scale embeddings
    emb = scale * emb

    # concat sine and cosine embeddings
    emb = torch.cat([torch.sin(emb), torch.cos(emb)], dim=-1)

    # flip sine and cosine embeddings
    if flip_sin_to_cos:
        emb = torch.cat([emb[:, half_dim:], emb[:, :half_dim]], dim=-1)

    # zero pad
    if embedding_dim % 2 == 1:
        emb = torch.nn.functional.pad(emb, (0, 1, 0, 0))
    return emb


def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, grid_size, cls_token=False, extra_tokens=0):
    """
    grid_size: int of the grid height and width return: pos_embed: [grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] or
    [1+grid_size*grid_size, embed_dim] (w/ or w/o cls_token)
    """
    grid_h = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid_w = np.arange(grid_size, dtype=np.float32)
    grid = np.meshgrid(grid_w, grid_h)  # here w goes first
    grid = np.stack(grid, axis=0)

    grid = grid.reshape([2, 1, grid_size, grid_size])
    pos_embed = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid)
    if cls_token and extra_tokens > 0:
        pos_embed = np.concatenate([np.zeros([extra_tokens, embed_dim]), pos_embed], axis=0)
    return pos_embed


def get_2d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, grid):
    if embed_dim % 2 != 0:
        raise ValueError("embed_dim must be divisible by 2")

    # use half of dimensions to encode grid_h
    emb_h = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim // 2, grid[0])  # (H*W, D/2)
    emb_w = get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim // 2, grid[1])  # (H*W, D/2)

    emb = np.concatenate([emb_h, emb_w], axis=1)  # (H*W, D)
    return emb


def get_1d_sincos_pos_embed_from_grid(embed_dim, pos):
    """
    embed_dim: output dimension for each position pos: a list of positions to be encoded: size (M,) out: (M, D)
    """
    if embed_dim % 2 != 0:
        raise ValueError("embed_dim must be divisible by 2")

    omega = np.arange(embed_dim // 2, dtype=np.float64)
    omega /= embed_dim / 2.0
    omega = 1.0 / 10000**omega  # (D/2,)

    pos = pos.reshape(-1)  # (M,)
    out = np.einsum("m,d->md", pos, omega)  # (M, D/2), outer product

    emb_sin = np.sin(out)  # (M, D/2)
    emb_cos = np.cos(out)  # (M, D/2)

    emb = np.concatenate([emb_sin, emb_cos], axis=1)  # (M, D)
    return emb


class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """2D Image to Patch Embedding"""

    def __init__(
        self,
        height=224,
        width=224,
        patch_size=16,
        in_channels=3,
        embed_dim=768,
        layer_norm=False,
        flatten=True,
        bias=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        num_patches = (height // patch_size) * (width // patch_size)
        self.flatten = flatten
        self.layer_norm = layer_norm

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels, embed_dim, kernel_size=(patch_size, patch_size), stride=patch_size, bias=bias
        )
        if layer_norm:
            self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim, elementwise_affine=False, eps=1e-6)
        else:
            self.norm = None

        pos_embed = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, int(num_patches**0.5))
        self.register_buffer("pos_embed", torch.from_numpy(pos_embed).float().unsqueeze(0), persistent=False)

    def forward(self, latent):
        latent = self.proj(latent)
        if self.flatten:
            latent = latent.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)  # BCHW -> BNC
        if self.layer_norm:
            latent = self.norm(latent)
        return latent + self.pos_embed


class TimestepEmbedding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int,
        time_embed_dim: int,
        act_fn: str = "silu",
        out_dim: int = None,
        post_act_fn: Optional[str] = None,
        cond_proj_dim=None,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        self.linear_1 = nn.Linear(in_channels, time_embed_dim)

        if cond_proj_dim is not None:
            self.cond_proj = nn.Linear(cond_proj_dim, in_channels, bias=False)
        else:
            self.cond_proj = None

        if act_fn == "silu":
            self.act = nn.SiLU()
        elif act_fn == "mish":
            self.act = nn.Mish()
        elif act_fn == "gelu":
            self.act = nn.GELU()
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"{act_fn} does not exist. Make sure to define one of 'silu', 'mish', or 'gelu'")

        if out_dim is not None:
            time_embed_dim_out = out_dim
        else:
            time_embed_dim_out = time_embed_dim
        self.linear_2 = nn.Linear(time_embed_dim, time_embed_dim_out)

        if post_act_fn is None:
            self.post_act = None
        elif post_act_fn == "silu":
            self.post_act = nn.SiLU()
        elif post_act_fn == "mish":
            self.post_act = nn.Mish()
        elif post_act_fn == "gelu":
            self.post_act = nn.GELU()
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"{post_act_fn} does not exist. Make sure to define one of 'silu', 'mish', or 'gelu'")

    def forward(self, sample, condition=None):
        if condition is not None:
            sample = sample + self.cond_proj(condition)
        sample = self.linear_1(sample)

        if self.act is not None:
            sample = self.act(sample)

        sample = self.linear_2(sample)

        if self.post_act is not None:
            sample = self.post_act(sample)
        return sample


class Timesteps(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_channels: int, flip_sin_to_cos: bool, downscale_freq_shift: float):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_channels = num_channels
        self.flip_sin_to_cos = flip_sin_to_cos
        self.downscale_freq_shift = downscale_freq_shift

    def forward(self, timesteps):
        t_emb = get_timestep_embedding(
            timesteps,
            self.num_channels,
            flip_sin_to_cos=self.flip_sin_to_cos,
            downscale_freq_shift=self.downscale_freq_shift,
        )
        return t_emb


class GaussianFourierProjection(nn.Module):
    """Gaussian Fourier embeddings for noise levels."""

    def __init__(
        self, embedding_size: int = 256, scale: float = 1.0, set_W_to_weight=True, log=True, flip_sin_to_cos=False
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(embedding_size) * scale, requires_grad=False)
        self.log = log
        self.flip_sin_to_cos = flip_sin_to_cos

        if set_W_to_weight:
            # to delete later
            self.W = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(embedding_size) * scale, requires_grad=False)

            self.weight = self.W

    def forward(self, x):
        if self.log:
            x = torch.log(x)

        x_proj = x[:, None] * self.weight[None, :] * 2 * np.pi

        if self.flip_sin_to_cos:
            out = torch.cat([torch.cos(x_proj), torch.sin(x_proj)], dim=-1)
        else:
            out = torch.cat([torch.sin(x_proj), torch.cos(x_proj)], dim=-1)
        return out


class ImagePositionalEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    """
    Converts latent image classes into vector embeddings. Sums the vector embeddings with positional embeddings for the
    height and width of the latent space.

    For more details, see figure 10 of the dall-e paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.12092

    For VQ-diffusion:

    Output vector embeddings are used as input for the transformer.

    Note that the vector embeddings for the transformer are different than the vector embeddings from the VQVAE.

    Args:
        num_embed (`int`):
            Number of embeddings for the latent pixels embeddings.
        height (`int`):
            Height of the latent image i.e. the number of height embeddings.
        width (`int`):
            Width of the latent image i.e. the number of width embeddings.
        embed_dim (`int`):
            Dimension of the produced vector embeddings. Used for the latent pixel, height, and width embeddings.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_embed: int,
        height: int,
        width: int,
        embed_dim: int,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        self.height = height
        self.width = width
        self.num_embed = num_embed
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim

        self.emb = nn.Embedding(self.num_embed, embed_dim)
        self.height_emb = nn.Embedding(self.height, embed_dim)
        self.width_emb = nn.Embedding(self.width, embed_dim)

    def forward(self, index):
        emb = self.emb(index)

        height_emb = self.height_emb(torch.arange(self.height, device=index.device).view(1, self.height))

        # 1 x H x D -> 1 x H x 1 x D
        height_emb = height_emb.unsqueeze(2)

        width_emb = self.width_emb(torch.arange(self.width, device=index.device).view(1, self.width))

        # 1 x W x D -> 1 x 1 x W x D
        width_emb = width_emb.unsqueeze(1)

        pos_emb = height_emb + width_emb

        # 1 x H x W x D -> 1 x L xD
        pos_emb = pos_emb.view(1, self.height * self.width, -1)

        emb = emb + pos_emb[:, : emb.shape[1], :]

        return emb


class LabelEmbedding(nn.Module):
    """
    Embeds class labels into vector representations. Also handles label dropout for classifier-free guidance.

    Args:
        num_classes (`int`): The number of classes.
        hidden_size (`int`): The size of the vector embeddings.
        dropout_prob (`float`): The probability of dropping a label.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_classes, hidden_size, dropout_prob):
        super().__init__()
        use_cfg_embedding = dropout_prob > 0
        self.embedding_table = nn.Embedding(num_classes + use_cfg_embedding, hidden_size)
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.dropout_prob = dropout_prob

    def token_drop(self, labels, force_drop_ids=None):
        """
        Drops labels to enable classifier-free guidance.
        """
        if force_drop_ids is None:
            drop_ids = torch.rand(labels.shape[0], device=labels.device) < self.dropout_prob
        else:
            drop_ids = torch.tensor(force_drop_ids == 1)
        labels = torch.where(drop_ids, self.num_classes, labels)
        return labels

    def forward(self, labels, force_drop_ids=None):
        use_dropout = self.dropout_prob > 0
        if (self.training and use_dropout) or (force_drop_ids is not None):
            labels = self.token_drop(labels, force_drop_ids)
        embeddings = self.embedding_table(labels)
        return embeddings


class CombinedTimestepLabelEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes, embedding_dim, class_dropout_prob=0.1):
        super().__init__()

        self.time_proj = Timesteps(num_channels=256, flip_sin_to_cos=True, downscale_freq_shift=1)
        self.timestep_embedder = TimestepEmbedding(in_channels=256, time_embed_dim=embedding_dim)
        self.class_embedder = LabelEmbedding(num_classes, embedding_dim, class_dropout_prob)

    def forward(self, timestep, class_labels, hidden_dtype=None):
        timesteps_proj = self.time_proj(timestep)
        timesteps_emb = self.timestep_embedder(timesteps_proj.to(dtype=hidden_dtype))  # (N, D)

        class_labels = self.class_embedder(class_labels)  # (N, D)

        conditioning = timesteps_emb + class_labels  # (N, D)

        return conditioning


class TextTimeEmbedding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, encoder_dim: int, time_embed_dim: int, num_heads: int = 64):
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(encoder_dim)
        self.pool = AttentionPooling(num_heads, encoder_dim)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(encoder_dim, time_embed_dim)
        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(time_embed_dim)

    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_states = self.norm1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.pool(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.proj(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.norm2(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class AttentionPooling(nn.Module):
    # Copied from https://github.com/deep-floyd/IF/blob/2f91391f27dd3c468bf174be5805b4cc92980c0b/deepfloyd_if/model/nn.py#L54

    def __init__(self, num_heads, embed_dim, dtype=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.dtype = dtype
        self.positional_embedding = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, embed_dim) / embed_dim**0.5)
        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, dtype=self.dtype)
        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, dtype=self.dtype)
        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, dtype=self.dtype)
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.dim_per_head = embed_dim // self.num_heads

    def forward(self, x):
        bs, length, width = x.size()

        def shape(x):
            # (bs, length, width) --> (bs, length, n_heads, dim_per_head)
            x = x.view(bs, -1, self.num_heads, self.dim_per_head)
            # (bs, length, n_heads, dim_per_head) --> (bs, n_heads, length, dim_per_head)
            x = x.transpose(1, 2)
            # (bs, n_heads, length, dim_per_head) --> (bs*n_heads, length, dim_per_head)
            x = x.reshape(bs * self.num_heads, -1, self.dim_per_head)
            # (bs*n_heads, length, dim_per_head) --> (bs*n_heads, dim_per_head, length)
            x = x.transpose(1, 2)
            return x

        class_token = x.mean(dim=1, keepdim=True) + self.positional_embedding.to(x.dtype)
        x = torch.cat([class_token, x], dim=1)  # (bs, length+1, width)

        # (bs*n_heads, class_token_length, dim_per_head)
        q = shape(self.q_proj(class_token))
        # (bs*n_heads, length+class_token_length, dim_per_head)
        k = shape(self.k_proj(x))
        v = shape(self.v_proj(x))

        # (bs*n_heads, class_token_length, length+class_token_length):
        scale = 1 / math.sqrt(math.sqrt(self.dim_per_head))
        weight = torch.einsum("bct,bcs->bts", q * scale, k * scale)  # More stable with f16 than dividing afterwards
        weight = torch.softmax(weight.float(), dim=-1).type(weight.dtype)

        # (bs*n_heads, dim_per_head, class_token_length)
        a = torch.einsum("bts,bcs->bct", weight, v)

        # (bs, length+1, width)
        a = a.reshape(bs, -1, 1).transpose(1, 2)

        return a[:, 0, :]  # cls_token