[AOT compilation] support torch.compile inductor artifacts in VllmCompiledFunction (#25205)

Signed-off-by: dolpm <34420038+dolpm@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/compile/test_aot_compile.py

@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
 
 import functools
+import hashlib
 import multiprocessing
+import pickle
 import tempfile
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 import torch
 
 import vllm.model_executor.layers.activation
+from vllm.compilation.caching import (
+    StandaloneCompiledArtifacts,
+)
 from vllm.compilation.decorators import support_torch_compile
 from vllm.config import (
     CompilationConfig,
@@ -40,6 +46,15 @@ def reference_fn(x: torch.Tensor):
     return x
 
 
+def reference_fn_tuple(x: torch.Tensor):
+    """Reference function that returns a tuple of tensors."""
+    assert x.shape[0] <= 42
+    assert x.shape[0] % 2 == 0
+    for _ in range(3000):
+        x = x + x.shape[0]
+    return x, x * 2
+
+
 @support_torch_compile
 class CompiledMod(torch.nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -49,10 +64,22 @@ class CompiledMod(torch.nn.Module):
         return reference_fn(x)
 
 
+@support_torch_compile
+class CompiledModTuple(torch.nn.Module):
+    """A compiled module that returns a tuple of tensors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        return reference_fn_tuple(x)
+
+
 def make_vllm_config() -> VllmConfig:
     return VllmConfig(
         compilation_config=CompilationConfig(
             mode=CompilationMode.VLLM_COMPILE,
+            backend="inductor",
         )
     )
 
@@ -73,6 +100,8 @@ def test_no_dynamo_cache_entry(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         expected = reference_fn(*args)
         with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
             m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "0")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
             with (
                 pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Detected recompile"),
                 torch.compiler.set_stance("fail_on_recompile"),
@@ -94,6 +123,8 @@ def test_force_aot_load(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname, monkeypatch.context() as m:
         args = (torch.randn(10, 10),)
         m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "1")
+        m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+        m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
         m.setenv("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "1")
         m.setenv("VLLM_CACHE_ROOT", tmpdirname)
         vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
@@ -111,18 +142,158 @@ def test_save_and_load(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
             m.setenv("VLLM_CACHE_ROOT", tmpdirname)
             m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
             vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
             with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
-                expected = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)(*args)
+                compiled_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                expected = compiled_mod(*args)
+
             disable_envs_cache()
 
             m.setenv("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "1")
             vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
             with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
-                ret = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)(*args)
+                cached_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                ret = cached_mod(*args)
+            assert cached_mod.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk, (
+                "Expected was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk to be True"
+            )
             assert torch.allclose(ret, expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev"), reason="requires torch 2.10"
+)
+def test_cache_load_returns_tuple_consistency(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    """
+    Test that cache loading correctly handles the returns_tuple logic.
+
+    This verifies that when a model returns a single tensor (not a tuple),
+    the output type is consistent between fresh compilation and cache load.
+    Without the fix, cached artifacts would return [tensor] instead of tensor.
+    """
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        args = (torch.randn(10, 10),)
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
+            m.setenv("VLLM_CACHE_ROOT", tmpdirname)
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
+            vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
+
+            # Fresh compilation
+            with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
+                compiled_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                fresh_result = compiled_mod(*args)
+                fresh_result_type = type(fresh_result)
+
+            # Verify fresh result is a tensor, not a tuple/list
+            assert isinstance(fresh_result, torch.Tensor), (
+                f"Fresh compile should return tensor, got {fresh_result_type}"
+            )
+
+            disable_envs_cache()
+
+            # Load from cache
+            m.setenv("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "1")
+            vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
+            with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
+                cached_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                cached_result = cached_mod(*args)
+                cached_result_type = type(cached_result)
+
+            # Verify cache was actually loaded
+            assert cached_mod.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk, (
+                "Expected was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk to be True after "
+                "loading from cache"
+            )
+
+            # Verify cached result has same type as fresh result
+            assert isinstance(cached_result, torch.Tensor), (
+                f"Cache load should return tensor, got {cached_result_type}. "
+                "This indicates the returns_tuple logic is not being applied "
+                "correctly when loading from cache."
+            )
+
+            # Verify values match
+            assert torch.allclose(cached_result, fresh_result), (
+                "Cached result values should match fresh compilation"
+            )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev"), reason="requires torch 2.10"
+)
+def test_cache_load_returns_tuple_consistency_tuple_output(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+):
+    """
+    Test that cache loading correctly handles models that return tuples.
+
+    This verifies that when a model returns a tuple of tensors, the output
+    type is preserved as a tuple between fresh compilation and cache load.
+    """
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        args = (torch.randn(10, 10),)
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
+            m.setenv("VLLM_CACHE_ROOT", tmpdirname)
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
+            vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
+
+            # Fresh compilation with tuple-returning model
+            with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
+                compiled_mod = CompiledModTuple(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                fresh_result = compiled_mod(*args)
+                fresh_result_type = type(fresh_result)
+
+            # Verify fresh result is a tuple
+            assert isinstance(fresh_result, tuple), (
+                f"Fresh compile should return tuple, got {fresh_result_type}"
+            )
+            assert len(fresh_result) == 2, (
+                f"Fresh compile should return 2-tuple, got {len(fresh_result)}"
+            )
+
+            disable_envs_cache()
+
+            # Load from cache
+            m.setenv("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "1")
+            vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
+            with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
+                cached_mod = CompiledModTuple(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+                cached_result = cached_mod(*args)
+                cached_result_type = type(cached_result)
+
+            # Verify cache was actually loaded
+            assert cached_mod.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk, (
+                "Expected was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk to be True after "
+                "loading from cache"
+            )
+
+            # Verify cached result is also a tuple
+            assert isinstance(cached_result, tuple), (
+                f"Cache load should return tuple, got {cached_result_type}. "
+                "This indicates the returns_tuple logic is not preserving "
+                "tuple outputs when loading from cache."
+            )
+            assert len(cached_result) == 2, (
+                f"Cache load should return 2-tuple, got {len(cached_result)}"
+            )
+
+            # Verify values match
+            assert torch.allclose(cached_result[0], fresh_result[0]), (
+                "Cached result[0] values should match fresh compilation"
+            )
+            assert torch.allclose(cached_result[1], fresh_result[1]), (
+                "Cached result[1] values should match fresh compilation"
+            )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     not is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev"), reason="requires torch 2.10"
 )
@@ -137,6 +308,8 @@ def test_shape_env(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
             m.setenv("VLLM_CACHE_ROOT", tmpdirname)
             m.setenv("VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "1")
+            m.setenv("VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE", "1")
             vllm_config = make_vllm_config()
             with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
                 compiled_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
@@ -144,6 +317,7 @@ def test_shape_env(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
                 artifacts = compiled_mod.aot_compiled_fn._artifacts
                 guards_string = artifacts.compiled_fn.shape_env.format_guards()
                 assert guards_string == " - s77 <= 42\n - Eq(Mod(s77, 2), 0)"
+
             disable_envs_cache()
 
             m.setenv("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "1")
@@ -151,6 +325,9 @@ def test_shape_env(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
             with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
                 compiled_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
                 compiled_mod(*args)
+                assert compiled_mod.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk, (
+                    "Expected was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk to be True"
+                )
                 artifacts = compiled_mod.aot_compiled_fn._artifacts
                 guards_string = artifacts.compiled_fn.shape_env.format_guards()
                 assert guards_string == " - s77 <= 42\n - Eq(Mod(s77, 2), 0)"
@@ -188,6 +365,7 @@ def test_partition_wrapper_applied_on_aot_load(
     with use_vllm_config(vllm_config):
         compiled_mod = CompiledMod(vllm_config=vllm_config)
         compiled_mod(*args)
+
     disable_envs_cache()
 
     # Second run - load from cache, verify partition wrapper applied
@@ -210,6 +388,11 @@ def test_partition_wrapper_applied_on_aot_load(
         # This tests the fix for the first call after a restart.
         compiled_mod(*args)
 
+        # Verify cache was loaded
+        assert compiled_mod.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk, (
+            "Expected was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk to be True"
+        )
+
         # Verify partition wrapper was called on AOT load.
         assert spy.call_count >= 2, (
             "Expected partition wrapper to be set and cleared on AOT load, "
@@ -307,3 +490,233 @@ def test_gpt2_cache_hit(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     finally:
         # Restore original method
         symbolic_shapes_module.make_symbol = original_make_symbol
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev"), reason="requires torch 2.10"
+)
+class TestStandaloneCompiledArtifacts:
+    def test_init(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+        assert cache.submodule_bytes == {}
+        assert cache.submodule_bytes_store == {}
+        assert cache.loaded_submodule_store == {}
+
+    def test_insert_new_artifact(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+        test_data = b"test_artifact_data"
+        submod_name = "test_submod"
+        shape = "s1"
+
+        hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+        hasher.update(test_data)
+        expected_hash = hasher.hexdigest()
+
+        cache.insert(submod_name, shape, test_data)
+
+        assert f"{submod_name}_{shape}" in cache.submodule_bytes
+        assert cache.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name}_{shape}"] == expected_hash
+        assert expected_hash in cache.submodule_bytes_store
+        assert cache.submodule_bytes_store[expected_hash] == test_data
+
+    def test_insert_duplicate_artifact(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        test_data = b"duplicate_test_data"
+        submod_name1 = "submod1"
+        submod_name2 = "submod2"
+        shape = "s2"
+
+        cache.insert(submod_name1, shape, test_data)
+        cache.insert(submod_name2, shape, test_data)
+
+        hash1 = cache.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name1}_{shape}"]
+        hash2 = cache.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name2}_{shape}"]
+        assert hash1 == hash2
+
+        assert len(cache.submodule_bytes_store) == 1
+        assert len(cache.submodule_bytes) == 2
+
+    def test_get_artifact(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+        test_data = b"retrievable_data"
+        submod_name = "mod1"
+        shape = "shape16"
+
+        cache.insert(submod_name, shape, test_data)
+        retrieved_data = cache.get(submod_name, shape)
+
+        assert retrieved_data == test_data
+
+    def test_get_nonexistent_artifact(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+            cache.get("nonexistent", "shape")
+
+    def test_size_bytes(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        assert cache.size_bytes() == 0
+
+        data1 = b"x" * 100
+        data2 = b"y" * 200
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", data1)
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape2", data2)
+
+        assert cache.size_bytes() == 300
+
+    def test_num_artifacts_and_entries(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        assert cache.num_artifacts() == 0
+        assert cache.num_entries() == 0
+
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", b"data1")
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape2", b"data2")
+        assert cache.num_artifacts() == 2
+        assert cache.num_entries() == 2
+
+        cache.insert("mod3", "shape3", b"data1")
+        assert cache.num_artifacts() == 2
+        assert cache.num_entries() == 3
+
+    @patch("torch._inductor.standalone_compile.AOTCompiledArtifact.deserialize")
+    def test_load_all_success(self, mock_deserialize):
+        """Test successful loading of all artifacts"""
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        mock_artifact1 = Mock()
+        mock_artifact2 = Mock()
+        mock_deserialize.side_effect = [mock_artifact1, mock_artifact2]
+
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", pickle.dumps(b"data1"))
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape2", pickle.dumps(b"data2"))
+
+        cache.load_all()
+
+        assert len(cache.loaded_submodule_store) == 2
+        assert mock_deserialize.call_count == 2
+
+    @patch("torch._inductor.standalone_compile.AOTCompiledArtifact.deserialize")
+    def test_load_all_already_loaded(self, mock_deserialize):
+        """Test that load_all skips if already loaded"""
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        mock_artifact = Mock()
+        cache.submodule_bytes_store["hash1"] = pickle.dumps(b"data1")
+        cache.loaded_submodule_store["hash1"] = mock_artifact
+
+        cache.load_all()
+
+        mock_deserialize.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("torch._inductor.standalone_compile.AOTCompiledArtifact.deserialize")
+    def test_get_loaded_artifact(self, mock_deserialize):
+        """Test retrieving loaded artifacts"""
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        mock_artifact = Mock()
+        mock_deserialize.return_value = mock_artifact
+
+        submod_name = "test_mod"
+        shape = "test_shape"
+        cache.insert(submod_name, shape, pickle.dumps(b"test_data"))
+        cache.load_all()
+
+        retrieved_artifact = cache.get_loaded(submod_name, shape)
+        assert retrieved_artifact == mock_artifact
+
+    def test_getstate_setstate(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", b"data1")
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape2", b"data2")
+
+        cache.loaded_submodule_store["hash1"] = Mock()
+
+        state = cache.__getstate__()
+
+        assert "submodule_bytes" in state
+        assert "submodule_bytes_store" in state
+        assert "loaded_submodule_store" not in state
+
+        new_cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+        new_cache.__setstate__(state)
+
+        assert new_cache.submodule_bytes == cache.submodule_bytes
+        assert new_cache.submodule_bytes_store == cache.submodule_bytes_store
+        assert new_cache.loaded_submodule_store == {}
+
+    def test_pickle_roundtrip(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        test_data1 = b"pickle_test_data_1"
+        test_data2 = b"pickle_test_data_2"
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", test_data1)
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape2", test_data2)
+
+        pickled_data = pickle.dumps(cache)
+        restored_cache = pickle.loads(pickled_data)
+
+        assert restored_cache.get("mod1", "shape1") == test_data1
+        assert restored_cache.get("mod2", "shape2") == test_data2
+        assert restored_cache.num_artifacts() == cache.num_artifacts()
+        assert restored_cache.num_entries() == cache.num_entries()
+        assert restored_cache.size_bytes() == cache.size_bytes()
+
+        assert len(restored_cache.loaded_submodule_store) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev"), reason="requires torch 2.10"
+)
+class TestStandaloneCompiledArtifactsIntegration:
+    def test_add_pickle_unpickle(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        artifacts = {
+            ("mod1", "shape1"): b"m1s1_artifact",
+            ("mod1", "shape2"): b"m1s2_artifact",
+            ("mod2", "shape1"): b"m2s1_artifact",
+            ("mod2", "shape2"): b"m2s2_artifact",
+        }
+
+        for (submod, shape), data in artifacts.items():
+            cache.insert(submod, shape, data)
+
+        assert cache.num_entries() == 4
+        assert cache.num_artifacts() == 4
+
+        for (submod, shape), expected_data in artifacts.items():
+            retrieved_data = cache.get(submod, shape)
+            assert retrieved_data == expected_data
+
+        pickled = pickle.dumps(cache)
+        restored_cache = pickle.loads(pickled)
+
+        for (submod, shape), expected_data in artifacts.items():
+            retrieved_data = restored_cache.get(submod, shape)
+            assert retrieved_data == expected_data
+
+    def test_deduplication(self):
+        cache = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+
+        shared_data = b"shared_artifact_data" * 1000
+
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape1", shared_data)
+        cache.insert("mod2", "shape1", shared_data)
+        cache.insert("mod1", "shape2", shared_data)
+        cache.insert("mod3", "shape3", shared_data)
+
+        assert cache.num_entries() == 4
+        assert cache.num_artifacts() == 1
+        assert cache.size_bytes() == len(shared_data)
+
+        for submod, shape in [
+            ("mod1", "shape1"),
+            ("mod2", "shape1"),
+            ("mod1", "shape2"),
+            ("mod3", "shape3"),
+        ]:
+            assert cache.get(submod, shape) == shared_data

tools/pre_commit/check_pickle_imports.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ ALLOWED_FILES = {
     "vllm/transformers_utils/config.py",
     "vllm/model_executor/models/registry.py",
     "vllm/compilation/caching.py",
+    "vllm/compilation/piecewise_backend.py",
     "vllm/distributed/utils.py",
     "vllm/distributed/parallel_state.py",
     "vllm/distributed/device_communicators/all_reduce_utils.py",
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ ALLOWED_FILES = {
     "tests/multimodal/media/test_base.py",
     "tests/tokenizers_/test_hf.py",
     "tests/utils_/test_hashing.py",
+    "tests/compile/test_aot_compile.py",
     "benchmarks/kernels/graph_machete_bench.py",
     "benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_lora.py",
     "benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_machete.py",

vllm/compilation/backends.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
 
 import ast
+import contextvars
 import dataclasses
 import hashlib
 import json
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ from vllm.platforms import current_platform
 from vllm.utils.import_utils import resolve_obj_by_qualname
 from vllm.utils.torch_utils import is_torch_equal_or_newer
 
-from .caching import VllmSerializableFunction
 from .compiler_interface import (
     CompilerInterface,
     EagerAdaptor,
@@ -49,7 +49,48 @@ from .pass_manager import PostGradPassManager
 logger = init_logger(__name__)
 
 
+def make_copy_and_call(
+    sym_tensor_indices: list[int],
+    input_buffers: list[torch.Tensor | None],
+    callable_fn: Callable[..., Any],
+) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+    """Create a wrapper that copies inputs to static buffers before calling.
+
+    This is used for cudagraph input copying where we need to copy dynamic
+    tensors to static buffers before invoking the compiled graph.
+
+    Args:
+        sym_tensor_indices: Indices of tensors with symbolic shapes
+        input_buffers: List of static buffers (can contain None for lazy init)
+        callable_fn: The compiled function to call
+
+    Returns:
+        A wrapper function that copies inputs and calls the compiled function
+    """
+
+    def copy_and_call(*args):
+        list_args = list(args)
+        for i, index in enumerate(sym_tensor_indices):
+            runtime_tensor = list_args[index]
+            runtime_shape = runtime_tensor.shape[0]
+
+            # lazy initialization of buffer on first call
+            if input_buffers[i] is None:
+                input_buffers[i] = runtime_tensor.clone()
+
+            static_tensor = input_buffers[i][:runtime_shape]  # type: ignore[index]
+            static_tensor.copy_(runtime_tensor)
+            list_args[index] = static_tensor
+        return callable_fn(*list_args)
+
+    return copy_and_call
+
+
 def make_compiler(compilation_config: CompilationConfig) -> CompilerInterface:
+    assert not envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT or envs.VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE, (
+        "VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT=1 requires VLLM_USE_STANDALONE_COMPILE=1"
+    )
+
     if compilation_config.backend == "inductor":
         # Use standalone compile only if requested, version is new enough,
         # and the symbol actually exists in this PyTorch build.
@@ -355,6 +396,60 @@ def split_graph(
 compilation_start_time = 0.0
 
 
+def wrap_with_cudagraph_if_needed(
+    piecewise_backend: Any,
+    vllm_config: VllmConfig,
+    compilation_config: CompilationConfig,
+    is_first_graph: bool,
+    is_last_graph: bool,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Wrap a piecewise backend with CUDA graph wrapper if needed.
+    This function is shared between VllmBackend and
+    construct_serializable_fn_from_inductor_cache.
+
+    Args:
+        piecewise_backend: The backend to wrap
+        vllm_config: The vLLM configuration
+        compilation_config: The compilation configuration
+        is_first_graph: Whether this is the first graph in the sequence
+        is_last_graph: Whether this is the last graph in the sequence
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped backend if CUDA graphs are enabled, otherwise the original backend
+    """
+    if (
+        not compilation_config.cudagraph_mode.has_piecewise_cudagraphs()
+        or compilation_config.use_inductor_graph_partition
+    ):
+        return piecewise_backend
+
+    # We're using Dynamo-based piecewise splitting, so we wrap
+    # the whole subgraph with a static graph wrapper.
+    from .cuda_graph import CUDAGraphOptions
+
+    # resolve the static graph wrapper class (e.g. CUDAGraphWrapper
+    # class) as platform dependent.
+    static_graph_wrapper_class = resolve_obj_by_qualname(
+        current_platform.get_static_graph_wrapper_cls()
+    )
+
+    # Always assign PIECEWISE runtime mode to the
+    # CUDAGraphWrapper for piecewise_backend, to distinguish
+    # it from the FULL cudagraph runtime mode, no matter it
+    # is wrapped on a full or piecewise fx graph.
+    return static_graph_wrapper_class(
+        runnable=piecewise_backend,
+        vllm_config=vllm_config,
+        runtime_mode=CUDAGraphMode.PIECEWISE,
+        cudagraph_options=CUDAGraphOptions(
+            debug_log_enable=is_first_graph,
+            gc_disable=not is_first_graph,
+            weak_ref_output=is_last_graph,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
 class PiecewiseCompileInterpreter(torch.fx.Interpreter):  # type: ignore[misc]
     """Code adapted from `torch.fx.passes.shape_prop.ShapeProp`.
     It runs the given graph with fake inputs, and compile some
@@ -365,6 +460,18 @@ class PiecewiseCompileInterpreter(torch.fx.Interpreter):  # type: ignore[misc]
     it will be used to determine the order of the compiled piecewise
     graphs. The first graph will handle logging, and the last graph
     has some special cudagraph output handling.
+
+    Note: This class shares similar logic with
+    reconstruct_serializable_fn_from_mega_artifact in caching.py.
+    Both create PiecewiseBackend instances and wrap them with cudagraph.
+    The key difference is:
+    - reconstruct_serializable_fn_from_mega_artifact: PiecewiseBackend receives
+      pre-compiled runnables (compiled_runnables is set, graph is None)
+    - this class: PiecewiseBackend receives the FX graph to compile
+      (graph is set, compiled_runnables is None)
+
+
+    If modifying the backend creation/wrapping logic, consider updating both.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -413,6 +520,8 @@ class PiecewiseCompileInterpreter(torch.fx.Interpreter):  # type: ignore[misc]
             ]
 
             # Lazy import here to avoid circular import
+            from torch._inductor.compile_fx import graph_returns_tuple
+
             from .piecewise_backend import PiecewiseBackend
 
             piecewise_backend = PiecewiseBackend(
@@ -422,38 +531,16 @@ class PiecewiseCompileInterpreter(torch.fx.Interpreter):  # type: ignore[misc]
                 len(self.compile_submod_names),
                 sym_shape_indices,
                 self.vllm_backend,
+                graph_returns_tuple(submod),
             )
 
-            if (
-                self.compilation_config.cudagraph_mode.has_piecewise_cudagraphs()
-                and not self.compilation_config.use_inductor_graph_partition
-            ):
-                # We're using Dynamo-based piecewise splitting, so we wrap
-                # the whole subgraph with a static graph wrapper.
-                from .cuda_graph import CUDAGraphOptions
-
-                # resolve the static graph wrapper class (e.g. CUDAGraphWrapper
-                # class) as platform dependent.
-                static_graph_wrapper_class = resolve_obj_by_qualname(
-                    current_platform.get_static_graph_wrapper_cls()
-                )
-
-                # Always assign PIECEWISE runtime mode to the
-                # CUDAGraphWrapper for piecewise_backend, to distinguish
-                # it from the FULL cudagraph runtime mode, no matter it
-                # is wrapped on a full or piecewise fx graph.
-                self.module.__dict__[target] = static_graph_wrapper_class(
-                    runnable=piecewise_backend,
-                    vllm_config=self.vllm_config,
-                    runtime_mode=CUDAGraphMode.PIECEWISE,
-                    cudagraph_options=CUDAGraphOptions(
-                        debug_log_enable=piecewise_backend.is_first_graph,
-                        gc_disable=not piecewise_backend.is_first_graph,
-                        weak_ref_output=piecewise_backend.is_last_graph,
-                    ),
-                )
-            else:
-                self.module.__dict__[target] = piecewise_backend
+            self.module.__dict__[target] = wrap_with_cudagraph_if_needed(
+                piecewise_backend,
+                self.vllm_config,
+                self.compilation_config,
+                piecewise_backend.is_first_graph,
+                piecewise_backend.is_last_graph,
+            )
 
             compilation_counter.num_piecewise_capturable_graphs_seen += 1
 
@@ -465,6 +552,21 @@ class PiecewiseCompileInterpreter(torch.fx.Interpreter):  # type: ignore[misc]
 model_tag: str = "backbone"
 model_is_encoder: bool = False
 
+_on_compilation_complete_callback: contextvars.ContextVar[Callable[[], None] | None] = (
+    contextvars.ContextVar("on_compilation_complete_callback", default=None)
+)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def set_on_compilation_complete(
+    callback: Callable[[], None],
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    token = _on_compilation_complete_callback.set(callback)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _on_compilation_complete_callback.reset(token)
+
 
 @contextmanager
 def set_model_tag(tag: str, is_encoder: bool = False) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
@@ -509,8 +611,6 @@ class VllmBackend:
     returned_callable: Callable[..., Any]
     # Inductor passes to run on the graph pre-defunctionalization
     post_grad_passes: Sequence[Callable[..., Any]]
-    sym_tensor_indices: list[int]
-    input_buffers: list[torch.Tensor]
     compiler_manager: CompilerManager
     # Copy of CompilationConfig.inductor_compile_config +
     # an entry for PostGradPassManager
@@ -539,9 +639,6 @@ class VllmBackend:
         )()
         self.pass_key = current_platform.pass_key
 
-        self.sym_tensor_indices = []
-        self.input_buffers = []
-
         self.vllm_config = vllm_config
         self.compilation_config = vllm_config.compilation_config
 
@@ -558,6 +655,68 @@ class VllmBackend:
         # `torch.compile` is JIT compiled, so we don't need to
         # do anything here
 
+    def collect_standalone_compile_artifacts(
+        self,
+    ) -> tuple[Any, dict[str, list[int]] | None, dict[str, bool] | None]:
+        """Collect inductor cache artifacts from all piecewise backends.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: (standalone_compile_artifacts, sym_shape_indices_map,
+                    returns_tuple_map)
+                - standalone_compile_artifacts: StandaloneCompiledArtifacts
+                  with compiled artifacts
+                - sym_shape_indices_map: dict mapping submod_name to
+                  sym_shape_indices
+                - returns_tuple_map: dict mapping submod_name to
+                  returns_tuple
+        """
+
+        if not envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        from .caching import StandaloneCompiledArtifacts
+        from .piecewise_backend import PiecewiseBackend
+
+        standalone_compile_artifacts = StandaloneCompiledArtifacts()
+        sym_shape_indices_map = {}
+        returns_tuple_map = {}
+
+        for name, _ in self.split_gm.named_children():
+            # get the actual attribute (shadowed by PiecewiseBackend in __dict__)
+            child = getattr(self.split_gm, name)
+            # unwrap the static graph wrapper class if applicable
+            piecewise_backend = child.runnable if hasattr(child, "runnable") else child
+
+            if not isinstance(piecewise_backend, PiecewiseBackend):
+                continue
+
+            submod_name = name
+            sym_shape_indices_map[submod_name] = piecewise_backend.sym_shape_indices
+            returns_tuple_map[submod_name] = piecewise_backend.returns_tuple
+
+            for shape_str, bytes_data in piecewise_backend.to_bytes().items():
+                standalone_compile_artifacts.insert(submod_name, shape_str, bytes_data)
+                logger.debug(
+                    "collected artifact for %s shape %s (%d bytes)",
+                    submod_name,
+                    shape_str,
+                    len(bytes_data),
+                )
+
+        logger.info(
+            "collected artifacts: %d entries, %d artifacts, %d bytes total",
+            standalone_compile_artifacts.num_entries(),
+            standalone_compile_artifacts.num_artifacts(),
+            standalone_compile_artifacts.size_bytes(),
+        )
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "standalone compile artifact keys: %s",
+            list(standalone_compile_artifacts.submodule_bytes.keys()),
+        )
+
+        return standalone_compile_artifacts, sym_shape_indices_map, returns_tuple_map
+
     def configure_post_pass(self) -> None:
         self.pass_manager.configure(self.vllm_config)
 
@@ -579,9 +738,11 @@ class VllmBackend:
                 )
         self.inductor_config[self.pass_key] = self.pass_manager
 
-    def __call__(
-        self, graph: fx.GraphModule, example_inputs: Sequence[Any]
-    ) -> VllmSerializableFunction:
+    def __call__(self, graph: fx.GraphModule, example_inputs: Sequence[Any]) -> Any:
+        from .caching import (
+            VllmSerializableFunction,
+        )
+
         vllm_config = self.vllm_config
         # Minimal hashing here with existing utilities, reused below.
 
@@ -721,6 +882,12 @@ class VllmBackend:
 
         self.split_gm, self.piecewise_graphs = split_graph(graph, fx_split_ops)
 
+        # keep a split_gm copy from BEFORE the interpreter replaces
+        # submodules with PiecewiseBackend -- used for serialization
+        original_split_gm = None
+        if envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+            original_split_gm = deepcopy(self.split_gm)
+
         from torch._dynamo.utils import lazy_format_graph_code
 
         # depyf will hook lazy_format_graph_code and dump the graph
@@ -792,13 +959,21 @@ class VllmBackend:
             )
 
         self._called = True
+        graph_to_serialize = (
+            original_split_gm if envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT else self.graph
+        )
 
         if (
             self.compilation_config.cudagraph_mode == CUDAGraphMode.NONE
             or not self.compilation_config.cudagraph_copy_inputs
         ):
             return VllmSerializableFunction(
-                graph, example_inputs, self.prefix, self.split_gm, self.is_encoder
+                graph_to_serialize,
+                example_inputs,
+                self.prefix,
+                self.split_gm,
+                is_encoder=self.is_encoder,
+                vllm_backend=self,
             )
 
         # index of tensors that have symbolic shapes (batch size)
@@ -806,7 +981,7 @@ class VllmBackend:
         # symbolic shape only happens for input tensors.
         from torch.fx.experimental.symbolic_shapes import is_symbolic
 
-        self.sym_tensor_indices = [
+        sym_tensor_indices = [
             i
             for i, x in enumerate(fake_args)
             if isinstance(x, torch._subclasses.fake_tensor.FakeTensor)
@@ -816,25 +991,18 @@ class VllmBackend:
         # compiler managed cudagraph input buffers
         # we assume the first run with symbolic shapes
         # has the maximum size among all the tensors
-        self.input_buffers = [
-            example_inputs[x].clone() for x in self.sym_tensor_indices
-        ]
-
-        # this is the callable we return to Dynamo to run
-        def copy_and_call(*args: Any) -> Any:
-            list_args = list(args)
-            for i, index in enumerate(self.sym_tensor_indices):
-                runtime_tensor = list_args[index]
-                runtime_shape = runtime_tensor.shape[0]
-                static_tensor = self.input_buffers[i][:runtime_shape]
-
-                # copy the tensor to the static buffer
-                static_tensor.copy_(runtime_tensor)
-
-                # replace the tensor in the list_args to the static buffer
-                list_args[index] = static_tensor
-            return self.split_gm(*list_args)
+        copy_and_call = make_copy_and_call(
+            sym_tensor_indices,
+            [example_inputs[x].clone() for x in sym_tensor_indices],
+            self.split_gm,
+        )
 
         return VllmSerializableFunction(
-            graph, example_inputs, self.prefix, copy_and_call, self.is_encoder
+            graph_to_serialize,
+            example_inputs,
+            self.prefix,
+            copy_and_call,
+            is_encoder=self.is_encoder,
+            vllm_backend=self,
+            sym_tensor_indices=sym_tensor_indices,
         )

vllm/compilation/caching.py

 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
 
+import hashlib
 import inspect
 import os
 import pickle
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import torch
 from torch.utils import _pytree as pytree
 
 import vllm.envs as envs
+from vllm.compilation.compiler_interface import get_inductor_factors
 from vllm.config import VllmConfig, get_current_vllm_config
 from vllm.config.utils import hash_factors
 from vllm.logger import init_logger
@@ -27,6 +29,121 @@ assert isinstance(SerializableCallable, type)
 logger = init_logger(__name__)
 
 
+class StandaloneCompiledArtifacts:
+    """Storage for standalone compiled artifacts with content-based deduplication.
+
+    Deduplication works via a two-level indirection:
+    1. `submodule_bytes` maps "{submod_name}_{shape}" -> SHA256 hash
+    2. `submodule_bytes_store` maps SHA256 hash -> actual bytes
+
+    When inserting, we compute the SHA256 hash of the bytes. If the hash
+    already exists in `submodule_bytes_store`, we reuse the existing entry
+    rather than storing duplicate bytes. This is common because submodules
+    often compile to identical artifacts (e.g., identical transformer layers
+    split on attn)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # dict from submodule name to byte hash
+        self.submodule_bytes = {}
+        # dict from byte hash to bytes
+        self.submodule_bytes_store = {}
+        # dict from byte hash to loaded module
+        self.loaded_submodule_store = {}
+
+    def insert(self, submod_name: str, shape: str, entry: bytes):
+        hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+        hasher.update(entry)
+        hex_digest = hasher.hexdigest()
+        self.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name}_{shape}"] = hex_digest
+        if hex_digest not in self.submodule_bytes_store:
+            self.submodule_bytes_store[hex_digest] = entry
+            logger.debug(
+                "inserting new artifact for submod %s with shape %s "
+                "(%s bytes) at hash %s",
+                submod_name,
+                shape,
+                len(entry),
+                hex_digest,
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "reusing existing cache artifact for submod %s "
+                "with shape %s (%s bytes) at hash %s",
+                submod_name,
+                shape,
+                len(entry),
+                hex_digest,
+            )
+
+    def get(self, submod_name: str, shape: str) -> bytes:
+        logger.debug(
+            "getting artifact for submod %s with shape %s",
+            submod_name,
+            shape,
+        )
+        return self.submodule_bytes_store[
+            self.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name}_{shape}"]
+        ]
+
+    def get_loaded(self, submod_name: str, shape: str):
+        logger.debug(
+            "getting artifact for submod %s with shape %s",
+            submod_name,
+            shape,
+        )
+        return self.loaded_submodule_store[
+            self.submodule_bytes[f"{submod_name}_{shape}"]
+        ]
+
+    def size_bytes(self) -> int:
+        return sum(len(entry) for entry in self.submodule_bytes_store.values())
+
+    def num_artifacts(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.submodule_bytes_store)
+
+    def num_entries(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.submodule_bytes)
+
+    def submodule_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        # get unique "{submod_name}" from "{submod_name}_{shape}", preserving order
+        names = [cache_key.rsplit("_", 1)[0] for cache_key in self.submodule_bytes]
+        return list(dict.fromkeys(names))
+
+    def load_all(self) -> None:
+        import concurrent.futures
+
+        # check already loaded
+        if len(self.loaded_submodule_store) == len(self.submodule_bytes_store):
+            return
+
+        from torch._inductor.standalone_compile import AOTCompiledArtifact
+
+        def _load_entry(entry_bytes) -> AOTCompiledArtifact:
+            entry = pickle.loads(entry_bytes)
+            return AOTCompiledArtifact.deserialize(entry)
+
+        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
+            entries = list(self.submodule_bytes_store.values())
+            loaded_entries = list(executor.map(_load_entry, entries))
+
+        for i, k in enumerate(self.submodule_bytes_store.keys()):
+            self.loaded_submodule_store[k] = loaded_entries[i]
+
+        logger.debug("loaded all %s submodules", self.num_artifacts())
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return {
+            "submodule_bytes": self.submodule_bytes,
+            "submodule_bytes_store": self.submodule_bytes_store,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.submodule_bytes = state["submodule_bytes"]
+        self.submodule_bytes_store = state["submodule_bytes_store"]
+        self.loaded_submodule_store = {}
+
+
 class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
     """
     A wrapper around a compiled function by vllm. It will forward the tensor
@@ -46,6 +163,8 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
         prefix: str,
         optimized_call: Callable[..., Any],
         is_encoder: bool = False,
+        vllm_backend: Any | None = None,
+        sym_tensor_indices: list[int] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         assert isinstance(graph_module, torch.fx.GraphModule)
         self.graph_module = graph_module
@@ -54,6 +173,8 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
         self.optimized_call = optimized_call
         self.is_encoder = is_encoder
         self.shape_env = None
+        self.vllm_backend = vllm_backend
+        self.sym_tensor_indices = sym_tensor_indices
         sym_input = next(
             (i for i in self.example_inputs if isinstance(i, torch.SymInt)), None
         )
@@ -74,9 +195,15 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
         state = compiled_fn.__dict__.copy()
         state.pop("optimized_call")
         state.pop("shape_env")
+        state.pop("vllm_backend", None)
         for node in state["graph_module"].graph.nodes:
             node.meta.pop("source_fn_stack", None)
             node.meta.pop("nn_module_stack", None)
+        for name, submod in state["graph_module"].named_children():
+            if hasattr(submod, "graph"):
+                for node in submod.graph.nodes:
+                    node.meta.pop("source_fn_stack", None)
+                    node.meta.pop("nn_module_stack", None)
 
         graph_reducer_override = GraphPickler.reducer_override
 
@@ -93,15 +220,36 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
                 return type(None), ()
             return graph_reducer_override(self, obj)
 
-        # Mask off tensor inputs since they are large and not needed.
-        state["example_inputs"] = pytree.tree_map_only(
-            torch.Tensor, lambda _: None, state["example_inputs"]
-        )
+        if state.get("sym_tensor_indices"):
+            # put tensor inputs on meta device since their data
+            # isn't needed, yet we need the meta for make_copy_and_call
+            state["example_inputs"] = pytree.tree_map_only(
+                torch.Tensor,
+                lambda inp: torch.empty_like(inp, device="meta"),
+                state["example_inputs"],
+            )
+        else:
+            # mask off all tensor inputs since they are large and not needed.
+            state["example_inputs"] = pytree.tree_map_only(
+                torch.Tensor,
+                lambda inp: torch.empty_like(inp, device="meta"),
+                state["example_inputs"],
+            )
         with patch.object(GraphPickler, "reducer_override", _graph_reducer_override):
             state["graph_module"] = GraphPickler.dumps(
                 state["graph_module"], Options(ops_filter=None)
             )
             state["example_inputs"] = GraphPickler.dumps(state["example_inputs"])
+
+        if compiled_fn.vllm_backend:
+            (
+                standalone_compile_artifacts,
+                sym_shape_indices_map,
+                returns_tuple_map,
+            ) = compiled_fn.vllm_backend.collect_standalone_compile_artifacts()
+            state["standalone_compile_artifacts"] = standalone_compile_artifacts
+            state["sym_shape_indices_map"] = sym_shape_indices_map
+            state["returns_tuple_map"] = returns_tuple_map
         return pickle.dumps(state)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -111,15 +259,48 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
         from torch.fx._graph_pickler import GraphPickler
         from torch.fx.experimental.symbolic_shapes import ShapeEnv
 
-        from vllm.compilation.backends import VllmBackend
-
         state = pickle.loads(data)
         fake_mode = FakeTensorMode(shape_env=ShapeEnv())
         state["graph_module"] = GraphPickler.loads(state["graph_module"], fake_mode)
         state["graph_module"].recompile()
         state["example_inputs"] = GraphPickler.loads(state["example_inputs"], fake_mode)
+
+        standalone_compile_artifacts = state.pop("standalone_compile_artifacts", None)
+        sym_shape_indices_map = state.pop("sym_shape_indices_map", {})
+        returns_tuple_map = state.pop("returns_tuple_map", {})
+
+        if envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+            assert standalone_compile_artifacts is not None
+            submod_names = standalone_compile_artifacts.submodule_names()
+            num_submods = len(submod_names)
+            num_artifacts = standalone_compile_artifacts.num_artifacts()
+
+            logger.info(
+                "reconstructing serializable fn from standalone compile "
+                "artifacts. num_artifacts=%d num_submods=%d",
+                num_artifacts,
+                num_submods,
+            )
+
+            fn = reconstruct_serializable_fn_from_mega_artifact(
+                state=state,
+                standalone_compile_artifacts=standalone_compile_artifacts,
+                vllm_config=get_current_vllm_config(),
+                sym_shape_indices_map=sym_shape_indices_map,
+                returns_tuple_map=returns_tuple_map,
+            )
+
+            logger.info(
+                "reconstructed serializable fn from standalone compile artifacts"
+            )
+
+            return fn
+
+        # Fall back to standard VllmBackend
+        from vllm.compilation.backends import VllmBackend
+
         is_encoder = state.get("is_encoder", False)
-        vllm_backend = VllmBackend(
+        vllm_backend: VllmBackend = VllmBackend(
             get_current_vllm_config(), state["prefix"], is_encoder
         )
 
@@ -152,7 +333,140 @@ class VllmSerializableFunction(SerializableCallable):  # type: ignore[misc]
         return "VllmSerializableFunction"
 
 
-def compilation_config_hash_factors(vllm_config: VllmConfig) -> list[str]:
+def reconstruct_serializable_fn_from_mega_artifact(
+    state: dict[str, Any],
+    standalone_compile_artifacts: "StandaloneCompiledArtifacts",
+    vllm_config: VllmConfig,
+    sym_shape_indices_map: dict[str, list[int]],
+    returns_tuple_map: dict[str, bool],
+) -> "VllmSerializableFunction":
+    """Construct a VllmSerializableFunction from cached inductor artifacts.
+
+    This function reconstructs a callable model from pre-compiled inductor
+    artifacts without re-running the compilation. It:
+    1. Loads all cached artifacts
+    2. Builds compiled callables for each submodule/shape
+    3. Creates PiecewiseBackend instances that dispatch to cached artifacts
+    4. Wraps with cudagraph if needed
+    5. Returns the final VllmSerializableFunction
+
+    Note: This function shares similar logic with PiecewiseCompileInterpreter
+    in backends.py. Both create PiecewiseBackend instances and wrap them with
+    cudagraph. The key difference is:
+    - this function: PiecewiseBackend receives pre-compiled runnables
+      (compiled_runnables is set, graph is None)
+    - PiecewiseCompileInterpreter: PiecewiseBackend receives the FX graph
+      to compile (graph is set, compiled_runnables is None)
+
+    If modifying the backend creation/wrapping logic, consider updating both.
+
+    Args:
+        state: Deserialized state dict containing graph_module, example_inputs,
+            prefix, sym_tensor_indices, is_encoder, etc.
+        standalone_compile_artifacts: The StandaloneCompiledArtifacts containing
+            pre-compiled artifacts for each submodule/shape combination.
+        vllm_config: The vLLM configuration.
+        sym_shape_indices_map: Mapping from submod_name to sym_shape_indices.
+        returns_tuple_map: Mapping from submod_name to returns_tuple.
+
+    Returns:
+        A VllmSerializableFunction that can be called directly.
+    """
+    from vllm.compilation.backends import (
+        VllmBackend,
+        make_copy_and_call,
+        wrap_with_cudagraph_if_needed,
+    )
+    from vllm.compilation.piecewise_backend import PiecewiseBackend
+
+    prefix = state["prefix"]
+    is_encoder = state.get("is_encoder", False)
+    split_gm = state["graph_module"]
+    compilation_config = vllm_config.compilation_config
+
+    standalone_compile_artifacts.load_all()
+
+    submod_names = standalone_compile_artifacts.submodule_names()
+    compiled_callables: dict[str, dict[str, Callable]] = {}
+
+    for cache_key in standalone_compile_artifacts.submodule_bytes:
+        submod_name, shape_str = cache_key.rsplit("_", 1)
+        compiled_callables.setdefault(submod_name, {})[shape_str] = (
+            standalone_compile_artifacts.get_loaded(submod_name, shape_str)
+        )
+
+    vllm_backend = VllmBackend(vllm_config, prefix, is_encoder)
+    dummy_cache_dir = os.path.join(envs.VLLM_CACHE_ROOT, "dummy_cache")
+    os.makedirs(dummy_cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    vllm_backend.compiler_manager.initialize_cache(
+        cache_dir=dummy_cache_dir,
+        disable_cache=True,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+
+    # spot check that cached submodules exist in the graph structure
+    graph_children = {name for name, _ in split_gm.named_children()}
+    missing = set(submod_names) - graph_children
+    assert not missing, (
+        f"artifacts reference submodules not in graph: {missing}. "
+        f"graph has: {sorted(graph_children)}"
+    )
+
+    for i, submod_name in enumerate(submod_names):
+        assert submod_name in sym_shape_indices_map and submod_name in returns_tuple_map
+
+        sym_shape_indices = sym_shape_indices_map[submod_name]
+        returns_tuple = returns_tuple_map[submod_name]
+        runnables = compiled_callables[submod_name]
+
+        piecewise_backend = PiecewiseBackend(
+            graph=None,  # not needed for cached artifacts
+            vllm_config=vllm_config,
+            piecewise_compile_index=i,
+            total_piecewise_compiles=len(submod_names),
+            sym_shape_indices=sym_shape_indices,
+            vllm_backend=vllm_backend,
+            returns_tuple=returns_tuple,
+            compiled_runnables=runnables,
+        )
+
+        is_first = i == 0
+        is_last = i == len(submod_names) - 1
+        wrapped_backend = wrap_with_cudagraph_if_needed(
+            piecewise_backend,
+            vllm_config,
+            compilation_config,
+            is_first,
+            is_last,
+        )
+
+        split_gm.__dict__[submod_name] = wrapped_backend
+        logger.debug(
+            "Replaced submodule %s with piecewise backend from cache",
+            submod_name,
+        )
+
+    if compilation_config.cudagraph_copy_inputs:
+        sym_tensor_indices = state["sym_tensor_indices"]
+        input_buffers = [
+            torch.empty_like(
+                state["example_inputs"][idx], device=vllm_config.device_config.device
+            )
+            for idx in sym_tensor_indices
+        ]
+        optimized_call = make_copy_and_call(sym_tensor_indices, input_buffers, split_gm)
+    else:
+        optimized_call = split_gm
+
+    fn = VllmSerializableFunction(
+        **state,
+        optimized_call=optimized_call,
+        vllm_backend=None,
+    )
+    return fn
+
+
+def aot_compile_hash_factors(vllm_config: VllmConfig) -> list[str]:
     factors = []
     # 0. factors come from the env, for example, The values of
     # VLLM_PP_LAYER_PARTITION will affect the computation graph.
@@ -163,6 +477,11 @@ def compilation_config_hash_factors(vllm_config: VllmConfig) -> list[str]:
     #    model is created)
     config_hash = vllm_config.compute_hash()
     factors.append(config_hash)
+
+    # 2. inductor factors if applicable
+    if envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+        factors.extend(get_inductor_factors())
+
     return factors
 
 

vllm/compilation/compiler_interface.py

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ import vllm.envs as envs
 from vllm.compilation.counter import compilation_counter
 from vllm.config import VllmConfig
 from vllm.config.utils import Range
+from vllm.logger import init_logger
 from vllm.utils.hashing import safe_hash
 from vllm.utils.torch_utils import is_torch_equal_or_newer
 
+logger = init_logger(__name__)
+
 
 class CompilerInterface:
     """
@@ -230,12 +233,42 @@ class InductorStandaloneAdaptor(CompilerInterface):
 
         from torch._inductor import standalone_compile
 
-        compiled_graph = standalone_compile(
-            graph,
-            example_inputs,
-            dynamic_shapes=dynamic_shapes,
-            options={"config_patches": current_config},
-        )
+        supports_aot = is_torch_equal_or_newer("2.10.0.dev")
+
+        if not supports_aot and envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+            logger.error(
+                "CRITICAL: VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT "
+                "is enabled but PyTorch version does not support 'aot' "
+                "parameter in standalone_compile. This requires PyTorch "
+                "2.10.0+. Falling back to non-AOT mode."
+            )
+
+        compile_kwargs = {
+            "dynamic_shapes": dynamic_shapes,
+            "options": {
+                "config_patches": current_config,
+            },
+        }
+
+        use_aot: bool = supports_aot and envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT
+        # only add 'aot' parameter if both supported and enabled...
+        # this will set bundled_autograd_cache
+        # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/9bbc5b2905c260adf41bc866a732f9c121a2828a/torch/_inductor/standalone_compile.py#L359 # noqa
+        if use_aot:
+            compile_kwargs["aot"] = True  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        compiled_graph = standalone_compile(graph, example_inputs, **compile_kwargs)
+
+        if use_aot:
+            from torch._inductor.standalone_compile import AOTCompiledArtifact
+
+            assert isinstance(compiled_graph, AOTCompiledArtifact)
+            assert hasattr(compiled_graph, "serialize")
+            # just return the compiled graph and a key
+            # since we can serialize the bytes using to_bytes
+            # and reload it using the key when reading
+            return compiled_graph, None
+
         # Save the compiled artifact to disk in the specified path
         assert key is not None
         path = os.path.join(self.cache_dir, key)
@@ -619,7 +652,8 @@ def set_inductor_config(config: dict[str, Any], compile_range: Range) -> None:
 
 
 def set_functorch_config() -> None:
-    torch._functorch.config.bundled_autograd_cache = False
+    if not envs.VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT:
+        torch._functorch.config.bundled_autograd_cache = False
 
 
 class EagerAdaptor(CompilerInterface):

vllm/compilation/decorators.py

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def _support_torch_compile(
             return
 
         self._check_shape_invariants = shape_invariants
-
+        self.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk = False
         compilation_counter.num_models_seen += 1
         self.compiled = False
 
@@ -417,9 +417,9 @@ def _support_torch_compile(
             serialized backend artifacts), then we need to generate a new AOT
             compile artifact from scratch.
             """
-            from .caching import compilation_config_hash_factors
+            from .caching import aot_compile_hash_factors
 
-            factors: list[str] = compilation_config_hash_factors(self.vllm_config)
+            factors: list[str] = aot_compile_hash_factors(self.vllm_config)
 
             factors.append(_model_hash_key(self.forward))
             hash_key = hashlib.sha256(str(factors).encode()).hexdigest()
@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ def _support_torch_compile(
                 if not self.compilation_config.dynamic_shapes_config.evaluate_guards:
                     loaded_fn.disable_guard_check()
                 self.aot_compiled_fn = loaded_fn
+                self.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk = True
             except Exception as e:
                 if os.path.exists(aot_compilation_path):
                     logger.warning(
@@ -547,26 +548,45 @@ def _support_torch_compile(
                 logger.warning("Detected eager backend, disabling AOT compile.")
                 use_aot_compile = False
             if use_aot_compile:
-                self.aot_compiled_fn = self.aot_compile(*args, **kwargs)
-                output = self.aot_compiled_fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
-                assert aot_compilation_path is not None
-                assert cache_dir is not None
-                try:
-                    os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
-                    self.aot_compiled_fn.save_compiled_function(aot_compilation_path)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(
-                        "Cannot save aot compilation to path %s, error: %s",
-                        aot_compilation_path,
-                        str(e),
-                    )
+                from vllm.compilation.backends import set_on_compilation_complete
+
+                # store the path for saving after warmup
+                self._aot_compilation_path = aot_compilation_path
+                self._aot_cache_dir = cache_dir
+                # set callback in context so it's available when compilation completes
+                with set_on_compilation_complete(self.save_aot_compiled_function):
+                    self.aot_compiled_fn = self.aot_compile(*args, **kwargs)
+                    output = self.aot_compiled_fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
             else:
                 output = TorchCompileWithNoGuardsWrapper.__call__(self, *args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
         self.compiled = True
         return output
 
+    # triggers VllmSerializableFunction.serialize()
+    def save_aot_compiled_function(self):
+        if self.was_aot_compile_fn_loaded_from_disk:
+            logger.debug("AOT compiled function was loaded from cache, skipping save")
+            return
+
+        assert (
+            self.aot_compiled_fn and self._aot_compilation_path and self._aot_cache_dir
+        )
+
+        logger.info("saving AOT compiled function to %s", self._aot_compilation_path)
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(self._aot_cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            self.aot_compiled_fn.save_compiled_function(self._aot_compilation_path)
+            logger.info("saved AOT compiled function to %s", self._aot_compilation_path)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "unable to save AOT compiled function to %s: %s",
+                self._aot_compilation_path,
+                e,
+            )
+
     cls.__call__ = __call__
+    cls.save_aot_compiled_function = save_aot_compiled_function
     return cls
 
 

vllm/compilation/piecewise_backend.py

@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
 
 import dataclasses
+import io
+import pickle
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from pickle import Pickler
 from typing import Any
 
+import torch._functorch.config
 import torch.fx as fx
+from torch._inductor.runtime.triton_heuristics import CachingAutotuner
 
 from vllm.compilation.backends import VllmBackend
 from vllm.compilation.monitor import end_monitoring_torch_compile
@@ -26,12 +31,14 @@ class RangeEntry:
 class PiecewiseBackend:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        graph: fx.GraphModule,
+        graph: fx.GraphModule | None,
         vllm_config: VllmConfig,
         piecewise_compile_index: int,
         total_piecewise_compiles: int,
         sym_shape_indices: list[int],
         vllm_backend: VllmBackend,
+        returns_tuple: bool,
+        compiled_runnables: dict[str, Callable] | None = None,
     ):
         """
         The backend for piecewise compilation.
@@ -41,13 +48,28 @@ class PiecewiseBackend:
         We will compile `self.graph` once for the general shape,
         and then compile for different shapes specified in
         `compilation_config.compile_sizes`.
+
+        This class supports two mutually exclusive modes:
+        1. Compilation (graph is set, compiled_runnables is None):
+           Used during initial compilation when we have the FX graph
+           and need to compile it for each shape range.
+        2. Precompilation (graph is None, compiled_runnables is set):
+           Used when loading from cache/AOT artifacts where we already
+           have pre-compiled callables and don't need the original graph.
+
+        Exactly one of graph or compiled_runnables must be provided.
         """
+        assert bool(graph is not None) ^ bool(compiled_runnables is not None), (
+            "exactly one of graph and compiled_runnables should be set."
+        )
+
         self.graph = graph
         self.vllm_config = vllm_config
         self.compilation_config = vllm_config.compilation_config
         self.piecewise_compile_index = piecewise_compile_index
         self.total_piecewise_compiles = total_piecewise_compiles
         self.vllm_backend = vllm_backend
+        self.compiled_runnables = compiled_runnables
 
         self.is_first_graph = piecewise_compile_index == 0
         self.is_last_graph = piecewise_compile_index == total_piecewise_compiles - 1
@@ -77,6 +99,7 @@ class PiecewiseBackend:
         logger.debug_once(log_string)
 
         self.sym_shape_indices = sym_shape_indices
+        self.returns_tuple = returns_tuple
 
         # the entries for ranges that we need to either
         self.range_entries: dict[Range, RangeEntry] = {}
@@ -108,12 +131,71 @@ class PiecewiseBackend:
                 compile_range=range,
             )
 
+        # get the on_compilation_complete callback from context...
+        # PiecewiseBackend is created during the first call,
+        # which is when the context is set (see compilation/decorators.py)
+        from vllm.compilation.backends import _on_compilation_complete_callback
+
+        self.on_compilation_complete = _on_compilation_complete_callback.get()
+
+    def get_compiled_graph_wrapper(self, compiled_graph):
+        def compiled_graph_wrapper(*args):
+            graph_output = compiled_graph(*args)
+            # unpack the tuple if needed
+            # TODO(rzou): the implication is that we're not
+            # reading the python bytecode correctly in vLLM?
+            if self.returns_tuple or not isinstance(graph_output, (tuple, list)):
+                return graph_output
+            else:
+                return graph_output[0]
+
+        return compiled_graph_wrapper
+
     def check_for_ending_compilation(self) -> None:
         if self.is_last_graph and not self.to_be_compiled_ranges:
             # no specific sizes to compile
             # save the hash of the inductor graph for the next run
             self.vllm_backend.compiler_manager.save_to_file()
             end_monitoring_torch_compile(self.vllm_config)
+            # Call the completion callback (e.g., to save AOT compiled function)
+            if self.on_compilation_complete is not None:
+                self.on_compilation_complete()
+
+    def to_bytes(self) -> dict[str, bytes]:
+        class StandaloneCompiledArtifactsPickler(Pickler):
+            def reducer_override(self, obj):
+                if isinstance(obj, CachingAutotuner):
+                    obj.prepare_for_pickle()
+                    return pickle.loads, (
+                        pickle.dumps(
+                            obj,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        def serialize(fn) -> bytes:
+            assert hasattr(fn, "serialize"), "fn must have serialize method"
+            with torch._functorch.config.patch("bundled_autograd_cache", True):
+                entry = fn.serialize()
+
+                f = io.BytesIO()
+                StandaloneCompiledArtifactsPickler(f).dump(entry)
+                result = f.getvalue()
+            return result
+
+        out = {}
+
+        for range_key, entry in self.range_entries.items():
+            if not entry.compiled:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "entry with range %s not compiled, so cannot get its bytes",
+                    range_key,
+                )
+                continue
+            if hasattr(entry.runnable, "serialize"):
+                out[str(range_key)] = serialize(entry.runnable)
+
+        return out
 
     def _fakify_args(self, args: tuple[Any, ...]) -> list[Any]:
         # We need to pass fake example_inputs, otherwise torch.compile
@@ -127,6 +209,7 @@ class PiecewiseBackend:
         # non fake tensors as example inputs!
         # See issue https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/issues/27899
         fake_example_inputs = []
+        assert self.graph is not None
         for node in self.graph.graph.nodes:
             # All place holders come first
             if node.op == "placeholder":
@@ -140,28 +223,37 @@ class PiecewiseBackend:
         self, range_entry: RangeEntry, args: tuple[Any, ...]
     ) -> Any:
         if not range_entry.compiled:
+            if self.compiled_runnables is not None:
+                range_entry.runnable = self.get_compiled_graph_wrapper(
+                    self.compiled_runnables[str(range_entry.compile_range)]
+                )
+            else:
+                # args are real arguments
+                # fakify for range, real args for concrete size.
+                # For concrete size, we clear the shape env in
+                # compiler_manager.compile() so no need to fakify.
+                args_list = (
+                    self._fakify_args(args)
+                    if not range_entry.compile_range.is_single_size()
+                    else list(args)
+                )
+
+                with (
+                    torch._functorch.config.patch("bundled_autograd_cache", True),
+                ):
+                    range_entry.runnable = self.vllm_backend.compiler_manager.compile(
+                        self.graph,
+                        args_list,
+                        self.vllm_backend.inductor_config,
+                        self.compilation_config,
+                        compile_range=range_entry.compile_range,
+                        graph_index=self.piecewise_compile_index,
+                        num_graphs=self.total_piecewise_compiles,
+                    )
+
             range_entry.compiled = True
             self.to_be_compiled_ranges.remove(range_entry.compile_range)
 
-            # args are real arguments
-            # fakify for range, real args for concrete size.
-            # For concrete size, we clear the shape env in
-            # compiler_manager.compile() so no need to fakify.
-            args_list = (
-                self._fakify_args(args)
-                if not range_entry.compile_range.is_single_size()
-                else list(args)
-            )
-            range_entry.runnable = self.vllm_backend.compiler_manager.compile(
-                self.graph,
-                args_list,
-                self.vllm_backend.inductor_config,
-                self.compilation_config,
-                compile_range=range_entry.compile_range,
-                graph_index=self.piecewise_compile_index,
-                num_graphs=self.total_piecewise_compiles,
-            )
-
             self.check_for_ending_compilation()
 
     def _find_range_for_shape(self, runtime_shape: int) -> RangeEntry | None:

vllm/envs.py

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE: bool = False
     VLLM_USE_BYTECODE_HOOK: bool = False
     VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD: bool = False
+    VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT: bool = False
     VLLM_USE_TRITON_AWQ: bool = False
     VLLM_ALLOW_RUNTIME_LORA_UPDATING: bool = False
     VLLM_SKIP_P2P_CHECK: bool = False
@@ -630,6 +631,13 @@ environment_variables: dict[str, Callable[[], Any]] = {
     # to load will result in a hard error when this is enabled.
     # Will be ignored when VLLM_USE_AOT_COMPILE is disabled.
     "VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD": lambda: os.environ.get("VLLM_FORCE_AOT_LOAD", "0") == "1",
+    # Enable loading compiled models directly from cached standalone compile artifacts
+    # without re-splitting graph modules. This reduces overhead during model
+    # loading by using reconstruct_serializable_fn_from_mega_artifact.
+    "VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT": lambda: os.environ.get(
+        "VLLM_USE_MEGA_AOT_ARTIFACT", "0"
+    )
+    == "1",
     # local rank of the process in the distributed setting, used to determine
     # the GPU device id
     "LOCAL_RANK": lambda: int(os.environ.get("LOCAL_RANK", "0")),