Merge branch 'master' into master

CODEOWNERS

-* @tensorflow/tf-garden-team @tensorflow/tf-model-garden-team
+* @tensorflow/tf-model-garden-team
 /official/ @rachellj218 @saberkun @jaeyounkim
 /official/nlp/ @saberkun @lehougoogle @rachellj218 @jaeyounkim
 /official/recommendation/ranking/ @gagika
 /official/vision/ @xianzhidu @yeqingli @arashwan @saberkun @rachellj218 @jaeyounkim
-/official/vision/beta/projects/assemblenet/ @mryoo
+/official/vision/beta/projects/assemblenet/ @mryoo @yeqingli
 /official/vision/beta/projects/deepmac_maskrcnn/ @vighneshbirodkar
 /official/vision/beta/projects/movinet/ @hyperparticle @yuanliangzhe @yeqingli
 /official/vision/beta/projects/simclr/ @luotigerlsx @chentingpc @saxenasaurabh
+/official/vision/beta/projects/video_ssl/ @richardaecn @yeqingli
 /research/adversarial_text/ @rsepassi @a-dai
 /research/attention_ocr/ @xavigibert
 /research/audioset/ @plakal @dpwe

official/README.md

@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ built from the
 as tagged branches or [downloadable releases](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/releases).
 * Model repository version numbers match the target TensorFlow release,
 such that
-[release v2.2.0](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/releases/tag/v2.2.0)
+[release v2.5.0](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/releases/tag/v2.5.0)
 are compatible with
-[TensorFlow v2.2.0](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.2.0).
+[TensorFlow v2.5.0](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.5.0).
 
 Please follow the below steps before running models in this repository.
 
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ upgrade your TensorFlow to [the latest TensorFlow 2](https://www.tensorflow.org/
 pip3 install tf-nightly
 ```
 
+* Python 3.7+
+
+Our integration tests run with Python 3.7. Although Python 3.6 should work, we
+don't recommend earlier versions.
+
 ### Installation
 
 #### Method 1: Install the TensorFlow Model Garden pip package

official/modeling/hyperparams/base_config.py

@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ class Config(params_dict.ParamsDict):
   default_params: dataclasses.InitVar[Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None
   restrictions: dataclasses.InitVar[Optional[List[str]]] = None
 
+  def __post_init__(self, default_params, restrictions):
+    super().__init__(
+        default_params=default_params,
+        restrictions=restrictions)
+
   @classmethod
   def _isvalidsequence(cls, v):
     """Check if the input values are valid sequences.
@@ -140,13 +145,6 @@ class Config(params_dict.ParamsDict):
               else subconfig_type)
     return subconfig_type
 
-  def __post_init__(self, default_params, restrictions, *args, **kwargs):
-    super().__init__(
-        default_params=default_params,
-        restrictions=restrictions,
-        *args,
-        **kwargs)
-
   def _set(self, k, v):
     """Overrides same method in ParamsDict.
 

official/nlp/bert/model_training_utils.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from absl import logging
 import tensorflow as tf
 from tensorflow.python.util import deprecation
 from official.common import distribute_utils
-from official.staging.training import grad_utils
+from official.modeling import grad_utils
 
 _SUMMARY_TXT = 'training_summary.txt'
 _MIN_SUMMARY_STEPS = 10

official/nlp/data/squad_lib_sp.py

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def _convert_index(index, pos, m=None, is_start=True):
     front -= 1
   assert index[front] is not None or index[rear] is not None
   if index[front] is None:
-    if index[rear] >= 1:
+    if index[rear] >= 1:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       if is_start:
         return 0
       else:

official/nlp/modeling/layers/cls_head.py

@@ -59,19 +59,33 @@ class ClassificationHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
           activation=self.activation,
           kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
           name="pooler_dense")
-      self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate=self.dropout_rate)
+    self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate=self.dropout_rate)
 
     self.out_proj = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
         units=num_classes, kernel_initializer=self.initializer, name="logits")
 
-  def call(self, features):
+  def call(self, features: tf.Tensor, only_project: bool = False):
+    """Implements call().
+
+    Args:
+      features: a rank-3 Tensor when self.inner_dim is specified, otherwise
+        it is a rank-2 Tensor.
+      only_project: a boolean. If True, we return the intermediate Tensor
+        before projecting to class logits.
+
+    Returns:
+      a Tensor, if only_project is True, shape= [batch size, hidden size].
+      If only_project is False, shape= [batch size, num classes].
+    """
     if not self.inner_dim:
       x = features
     else:
       x = features[:, self.cls_token_idx, :]  # take <CLS> token.
       x = self.dense(x)
-      x = self.dropout(x)
 
+    if only_project:
+      return x
+    x = self.dropout(x)
     x = self.out_proj(x)
     return x
 
@@ -134,7 +148,7 @@ class MultiClsHeads(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
           activation=self.activation,
           kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
           name="pooler_dense")
-      self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate=self.dropout_rate)
+    self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(rate=self.dropout_rate)
     self.out_projs = []
     for name, num_classes in cls_list:
       self.out_projs.append(
@@ -142,13 +156,28 @@ class MultiClsHeads(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
               units=num_classes, kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
               name=name))
 
-  def call(self, features):
+  def call(self, features: tf.Tensor, only_project: bool = False):
+    """Implements call().
+
+    Args:
+      features: a rank-3 Tensor when self.inner_dim is specified, otherwise
+        it is a rank-2 Tensor.
+      only_project: a boolean. If True, we return the intermediate Tensor
+        before projecting to class logits.
+
+    Returns:
+      If only_project is True, a Tensor with shape= [batch size, hidden size].
+      If only_project is False, a dictionary of Tensors.
+    """
     if not self.inner_dim:
       x = features
     else:
       x = features[:, self.cls_token_idx, :]  # take <CLS> token.
       x = self.dense(x)
-      x = self.dropout(x)
+
+    if only_project:
+      return x
+    x = self.dropout(x)
 
     outputs = {}
     for proj_layer in self.out_projs:

official/nlp/modeling/layers/cls_head_test.py

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class ClassificationHeadTest(tf.test.TestCase, parameterized.TestCase):
     self.assertAllClose(output, [[0., 0.], [0., 0.]])
     self.assertSameElements(test_layer.checkpoint_items.keys(),
                             ["pooler_dense"])
+    outputs = test_layer(features, only_project=True)
+    self.assertEqual(outputs.shape, (2, 5))
 
   def test_layer_serialization(self):
     layer = cls_head.ClassificationHead(10, 2)
@@ -71,6 +73,9 @@ class MultiClsHeadsTest(tf.test.TestCase, parameterized.TestCase):
     self.assertSameElements(test_layer.checkpoint_items.keys(),
                             ["pooler_dense", "foo", "bar"])
 
+    outputs = test_layer(features, only_project=True)
+    self.assertEqual(outputs.shape, (2, 5))
+
   def test_layer_serialization(self):
     cls_list = [("foo", 2), ("bar", 3)]
     test_layer = cls_head.MultiClsHeads(inner_dim=5, cls_list=cls_list)

official/nlp/modeling/networks/classification.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=g-classes-have-attributes
 import collections
 import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow.python.util import deprecation
 
 
 @tf.keras.utils.register_keras_serializable(package='Text')
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ class Classification(tf.keras.Model):
       `predictions`.
   """
 
+  @deprecation.deprecated(None, 'Classification as a network is deprecated. '
+                          'Please use the layers.ClassificationHead instead.')
   def __init__(self,
                input_width,
                num_classes,

official/nlp/modeling/networks/encoder_scaffold.py

@@ -74,9 +74,12 @@ class EncoderScaffold(tf.keras.Model):
       standard pretraining.
     num_hidden_instances: The number of times to instantiate and/or invoke the
       hidden_cls.
-    hidden_cls: The class or instance to encode the input data. If `hidden_cls`
-      is not set, a KerasBERT transformer layer will be used as the encoder
-      class.
+    hidden_cls: Three types of input are supported: (1) class (2) instance
+      (3) list of classes or instances, to encode the input data. If
+      `hidden_cls` is not set, a KerasBERT transformer layer will be used as the
+      encoder class. If `hidden_cls` is a list of classes or instances, these
+      classes (instances) are sequentially instantiated (invoked) on top of
+      embedding layer. Mixing classes and instances in the list is allowed.
     hidden_cfg: A dict of kwargs to pass to the hidden_cls, if it needs to be
       instantiated. If hidden_cls is not set, a config dict must be passed to
       `hidden_cfg` with the following values:
@@ -192,15 +195,26 @@ class EncoderScaffold(tf.keras.Model):
     layer_output_data = []
     hidden_layers = []
     hidden_cfg = hidden_cfg if hidden_cfg else {}
+
+    if isinstance(hidden_cls, list) and len(hidden_cls) != num_hidden_instances:
+      raise RuntimeError(
+          ('When input hidden_cls to EncoderScaffold %s is a list, it must '
+           'contain classes or instances with size specified by '
+           'num_hidden_instances, got %d vs %d.') % self.name, len(hidden_cls),
+          num_hidden_instances)
     for i in range(num_hidden_instances):
-      if inspect.isclass(hidden_cls):
+      if isinstance(hidden_cls, list):
+        cur_hidden_cls = hidden_cls[i]
+      else:
+        cur_hidden_cls = hidden_cls
+      if inspect.isclass(cur_hidden_cls):
         if hidden_cfg and 'attention_cfg' in hidden_cfg and (
             layer_idx_as_attention_seed):
           hidden_cfg = copy.deepcopy(hidden_cfg)
           hidden_cfg['attention_cfg']['seed'] = i
-        layer = hidden_cls(**hidden_cfg)
+        layer = cur_hidden_cls(**hidden_cfg)
       else:
-        layer = hidden_cls
+        layer = cur_hidden_cls
       data = layer([data, attention_mask])
       layer_output_data.append(data)
       hidden_layers.append(layer)
@@ -347,6 +361,15 @@ class EncoderScaffold(tf.keras.Model):
     else:
       return self._embedding_data
 
+  @property
+  def embedding_network(self):
+    if self._embedding_network is None:
+      raise RuntimeError(
+          ('The EncoderScaffold %s does not have a reference '
+           'to the embedding network. This is required when you '
+           'pass a custom embedding network to the scaffold.') % self.name)
+    return self._embedding_network
+
   @property
   def hidden_layers(self):
     """List of hidden layers in the encoder."""

official/nlp/modeling/networks/encoder_scaffold_test.py

@@ -605,6 +605,98 @@ class EncoderScaffoldHiddenInstanceTest(keras_parameterized.TestCase):
     self.assertNotEmpty(call_list)
     self.assertTrue(call_list[0], "The passed layer class wasn't instantiated.")
 
+  def test_hidden_cls_list(self):
+    hidden_size = 32
+    sequence_length = 10
+    vocab_size = 57
+
+    embedding_network = Embeddings(vocab_size, hidden_size)
+
+    call_list = []
+    hidden_cfg = {
+        "num_attention_heads":
+            2,
+        "intermediate_size":
+            3072,
+        "intermediate_activation":
+            activations.gelu,
+        "dropout_rate":
+            0.1,
+        "attention_dropout_rate":
+            0.1,
+        "kernel_initializer":
+            tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(stddev=0.02),
+        "call_list":
+            call_list
+    }
+    mask_call_list = []
+    mask_cfg = {
+        "call_list": mask_call_list
+    }
+    # Create a small EncoderScaffold for testing. This time, we pass an already-
+    # instantiated layer object.
+    xformer = ValidatedTransformerLayer(**hidden_cfg)
+    xmask = ValidatedMaskLayer(**mask_cfg)
+
+    test_network_a = encoder_scaffold.EncoderScaffold(
+        num_hidden_instances=3,
+        pooled_output_dim=hidden_size,
+        pooler_layer_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+            stddev=0.02),
+        hidden_cls=xformer,
+        mask_cls=xmask,
+        embedding_cls=embedding_network)
+    # Create a network b with same embedding and hidden layers as network a.
+    test_network_b = encoder_scaffold.EncoderScaffold(
+        num_hidden_instances=3,
+        pooled_output_dim=hidden_size,
+        pooler_layer_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+            stddev=0.02),
+        mask_cls=xmask,
+        embedding_cls=test_network_a.embedding_network,
+        hidden_cls=test_network_a.hidden_layers)
+    # Create a network c with same embedding but fewer hidden layers compared to
+    # network a and b.
+    hidden_layers = test_network_a.hidden_layers
+    hidden_layers.pop()
+    test_network_c = encoder_scaffold.EncoderScaffold(
+        num_hidden_instances=2,
+        pooled_output_dim=hidden_size,
+        pooler_layer_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+            stddev=0.02),
+        mask_cls=xmask,
+        embedding_cls=test_network_a.embedding_network,
+        hidden_cls=hidden_layers)
+
+    # Create the inputs (note that the first dimension is implicit).
+    word_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+
+    # Create model based off of network a:
+    data_a, pooled_a = test_network_a([word_ids, mask])
+    model_a = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask], [data_a, pooled_a])
+    # Create model based off of network b:
+    data_b, pooled_b = test_network_b([word_ids, mask])
+    model_b = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask], [data_b, pooled_b])
+    # Create model based off of network b:
+    data_c, pooled_c = test_network_c([word_ids, mask])
+    model_c = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask], [data_c, pooled_c])
+
+    batch_size = 3
+    word_id_data = np.random.randint(
+        vocab_size, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    mask_data = np.random.randint(2, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    output_a, _ = model_a.predict([word_id_data, mask_data])
+    output_b, _ = model_b.predict([word_id_data, mask_data])
+    output_c, _ = model_c.predict([word_id_data, mask_data])
+
+    # Outputs from model a and b should be the same since they share the same
+    # embedding and hidden layers.
+    self.assertAllEqual(output_a, output_b)
+    # Outputs from model a and c shouldn't be the same since they share the same
+    # embedding layer but different number of hidden layers.
+    self.assertNotAllEqual(output_a, output_c)
+
   @parameterized.parameters(True, False)
   def test_serialize_deserialize(self, use_hidden_cls_instance):
     hidden_size = 32

official/nlp/modeling/networks/funnel_transformer.py

+# Copyright 2021 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Funnel Transformer network."""
+# pylint: disable=g-classes-have-attributes
+from typing import Union, Collection
+from absl import logging
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from official.nlp import keras_nlp
+
+
+def _pool_and_concat(data, unpool_length: int, stride: int,
+                     axes: Union[Collection[int], int]):
+  """Pools the data along a given axis with stride.
+
+  It also skips first unpool_length elements.
+
+  Args:
+    data: Tensor to be pooled.
+    unpool_length: Leading elements to be skipped.
+    stride: Stride for the given axis.
+    axes: Axes to pool the Tensor.
+
+  Returns:
+    Pooled and concatenated Tensor.
+  """
+  # Wraps the axes as a list.
+  if isinstance(axes, int):
+    axes = [axes]
+
+  for axis in axes:
+    # Skips first `unpool_length` tokens.
+    unpool_tensor_shape = [slice(None)] * axis + [slice(None, unpool_length)]
+    unpool_tensor = data[unpool_tensor_shape]
+    # Pools the second half.
+    pool_tensor_shape = [slice(None)] * axis + [
+        slice(unpool_length, None, stride)
+    ]
+    pool_tensor = data[pool_tensor_shape]
+    data = tf.concat((unpool_tensor, pool_tensor), axis=axis)
+  return data
+
+
+@tf.keras.utils.register_keras_serializable(package='Text')
+class FunnelTransformerEncoder(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
+  """Funnel Transformer-based encoder network.
+
+  Funnel Transformer Implementation of https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03236.
+  This implementation utilizes the base framework with Bert
+  (https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805).
+  Its output is compatible with `BertEncoder`.
+
+  Args:
+    vocab_size: The size of the token vocabulary.
+    hidden_size: The size of the transformer hidden layers.
+    num_layers: The number of transformer layers.
+    num_attention_heads: The number of attention heads for each transformer. The
+      hidden size must be divisible by the number of attention heads.
+    max_sequence_length: The maximum sequence length that this encoder can
+      consume. If None, max_sequence_length uses the value from sequence length.
+      This determines the variable shape for positional embeddings.
+    type_vocab_size: The number of types that the 'type_ids' input can take.
+    inner_dim: The output dimension of the first Dense layer in a two-layer
+      feedforward network for each transformer.
+    inner_activation: The activation for the first Dense layer in a two-layer
+      feedforward network for each transformer.
+    output_dropout: Dropout probability for the post-attention and output
+      dropout.
+    attention_dropout: The dropout rate to use for the attention layers within
+      the transformer layers.
+    pool_stride: Pooling stride to compress the sequence length.
+    unpool_length: Leading n tokens to be skipped from pooling.
+    initializer: The initialzer to use for all weights in this encoder.
+    output_range: The sequence output range, [0, output_range), by slicing the
+      target sequence of the last transformer layer. `None` means the entire
+      target sequence will attend to the source sequence, which yields the full
+      output.
+    embedding_width: The width of the word embeddings. If the embedding width is
+      not equal to hidden size, embedding parameters will be factorized into two
+      matrices in the shape of ['vocab_size', 'embedding_width'] and
+      ['embedding_width', 'hidden_size'] ('embedding_width' is usually much
+      smaller than 'hidden_size').
+    embedding_layer: An optional Layer instance which will be called to generate
+      embeddings for the input word IDs.
+    norm_first: Whether to normalize inputs to attention and intermediate dense
+      layers. If set False, output of attention and intermediate dense layers is
+      normalized.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(
+      self,
+      vocab_size,
+      hidden_size=768,
+      num_layers=12,
+      num_attention_heads=12,
+      max_sequence_length=512,
+      type_vocab_size=16,
+      inner_dim=3072,
+      inner_activation=lambda x: tf.keras.activations.gelu(x, approximate=True),
+      output_dropout=0.1,
+      attention_dropout=0.1,
+      pool_stride=2,
+      unpool_length=0,
+      initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(stddev=0.02),
+      output_range=None,
+      embedding_width=None,
+      embedding_layer=None,
+      norm_first=False,
+      **kwargs):
+    super().__init__(**kwargs)
+    activation = tf.keras.activations.get(inner_activation)
+    initializer = tf.keras.initializers.get(initializer)
+
+    if embedding_width is None:
+      embedding_width = hidden_size
+
+    if embedding_layer is None:
+      self._embedding_layer = keras_nlp.layers.OnDeviceEmbedding(
+          vocab_size=vocab_size,
+          embedding_width=embedding_width,
+          initializer=initializer,
+          name='word_embeddings')
+    else:
+      self._embedding_layer = embedding_layer
+
+    self._position_embedding_layer = keras_nlp.layers.PositionEmbedding(
+        initializer=initializer,
+        max_length=max_sequence_length,
+        name='position_embedding')
+
+    self._type_embedding_layer = keras_nlp.layers.OnDeviceEmbedding(
+        vocab_size=type_vocab_size,
+        embedding_width=embedding_width,
+        initializer=initializer,
+        use_one_hot=True,
+        name='type_embeddings')
+
+    self._embedding_norm_layer = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(
+        name='embeddings/layer_norm', axis=-1, epsilon=1e-12, dtype=tf.float32)
+
+    self._embedding_dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(
+        rate=output_dropout, name='embedding_dropout')
+
+    # We project the 'embedding' output to 'hidden_size' if it is not already
+    # 'hidden_size'.
+    self._embedding_projection = None
+    if embedding_width != hidden_size:
+      self._embedding_projection = tf.keras.layers.experimental.EinsumDense(
+          '...x,xy->...y',
+          output_shape=hidden_size,
+          bias_axes='y',
+          kernel_initializer=initializer,
+          name='embedding_projection')
+
+    self._transformer_layers = []
+    self._attention_mask_layer = keras_nlp.layers.SelfAttentionMask(
+        name='self_attention_mask')
+    for i in range(num_layers):
+      layer = keras_nlp.layers.TransformerEncoderBlock(
+          num_attention_heads=num_attention_heads,
+          inner_dim=inner_dim,
+          inner_activation=inner_activation,
+          output_dropout=output_dropout,
+          attention_dropout=attention_dropout,
+          norm_first=norm_first,
+          output_range=output_range if i == num_layers - 1 else None,
+          kernel_initializer=initializer,
+          name='transformer/layer_%d' % i)
+      self._transformer_layers.append(layer)
+
+    self._pooler_layer = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
+        units=hidden_size,
+        activation='tanh',
+        kernel_initializer=initializer,
+        name='pooler_transform')
+    self._att_input_pool_layer = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling1D(
+        pool_size=pool_stride,
+        strides=pool_stride,
+        padding='same',
+        name='att_input_pool_layer')
+    self._pool_stride = pool_stride
+    self._unpool_length = unpool_length
+
+    self._config = {
+        'vocab_size': vocab_size,
+        'hidden_size': hidden_size,
+        'num_layers': num_layers,
+        'num_attention_heads': num_attention_heads,
+        'max_sequence_length': max_sequence_length,
+        'type_vocab_size': type_vocab_size,
+        'inner_dim': inner_dim,
+        'inner_activation': tf.keras.activations.serialize(activation),
+        'output_dropout': output_dropout,
+        'attention_dropout': attention_dropout,
+        'initializer': tf.keras.initializers.serialize(initializer),
+        'output_range': output_range,
+        'embedding_width': embedding_width,
+        'embedding_layer': embedding_layer,
+        'norm_first': norm_first,
+        'pool_stride': pool_stride,
+        'unpool_length': unpool_length,
+    }
+
+  def call(self, inputs):
+    # inputs are [word_ids, mask, type_ids]
+    if isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)):
+      logging.warning('List inputs to  %s are discouraged.', self.__class__)
+      if len(inputs) == 3:
+        word_ids, mask, type_ids = inputs
+      else:
+        raise ValueError('Unexpected inputs to %s with length at %d.' %
+                         (self.__class__, len(inputs)))
+    elif isinstance(inputs, dict):
+      word_ids = inputs.get('input_word_ids')
+      mask = inputs.get('input_mask')
+      type_ids = inputs.get('input_type_ids')
+    else:
+      raise ValueError('Unexpected inputs type to %s.' % self.__class__)
+
+    word_embeddings = self._embedding_layer(word_ids)
+    # absolute position embeddings
+    position_embeddings = self._position_embedding_layer(word_embeddings)
+    type_embeddings = self._type_embedding_layer(type_ids)
+
+    embeddings = tf.keras.layers.add(
+        [word_embeddings, position_embeddings, type_embeddings])
+    embeddings = self._embedding_norm_layer(embeddings)
+    embeddings = self._embedding_dropout(embeddings)
+
+    if self._embedding_projection is not None:
+      embeddings = self._embedding_projection(embeddings)
+
+    attention_mask = self._attention_mask_layer(embeddings, mask)
+
+    encoder_outputs = []
+    x = embeddings
+    # TODO(b/195972228): attention_mask can be co-generated with pooling.
+    attention_mask = _pool_and_concat(
+        attention_mask,
+        unpool_length=self._unpool_length,
+        stride=self._pool_stride,
+        axes=[1])
+    for layer in self._transformer_layers:
+      # Pools layer for compressing the query length.
+      pooled_inputs = self._att_input_pool_layer(x[:, self._unpool_length:, :])
+      query_inputs = tf.concat(
+          values=(tf.cast(
+              x[:, :self._unpool_length, :],
+              dtype=pooled_inputs.dtype), pooled_inputs),
+          axis=1)
+      x = layer([query_inputs, x, attention_mask])
+      # Pools the corresponding attention_mask.
+      attention_mask = _pool_and_concat(
+          attention_mask,
+          unpool_length=self._unpool_length,
+          stride=self._pool_stride,
+          axes=[1, 2])
+      encoder_outputs.append(x)
+
+    last_encoder_output = encoder_outputs[-1]
+    first_token_tensor = last_encoder_output[:, 0, :]
+    pooled_output = self._pooler_layer(first_token_tensor)
+
+    return dict(
+        sequence_output=encoder_outputs[-1],
+        pooled_output=pooled_output,
+        encoder_outputs=encoder_outputs)
+
+  def get_embedding_table(self):
+    return self._embedding_layer.embeddings
+
+  def get_embedding_layer(self):
+    return self._embedding_layer
+
+  def get_config(self):
+    return dict(self._config)
+
+  @property
+  def transformer_layers(self):
+    """List of Transformer layers in the encoder."""
+    return self._transformer_layers
+
+  @property
+  def pooler_layer(self):
+    """The pooler dense layer after the transformer layers."""
+    return self._pooler_layer
+
+  @classmethod
+  def from_config(cls, config, custom_objects=None):
+    if 'embedding_layer' in config and config['embedding_layer'] is not None:
+      warn_string = (
+          'You are reloading a model that was saved with a '
+          'potentially-shared embedding layer object. If you contine to '
+          'train this model, the embedding layer will no longer be shared. '
+          'To work around this, load the model outside of the Keras API.')
+      print('WARNING: ' + warn_string)
+      logging.warn(warn_string)
+
+    return cls(**config)

official/nlp/modeling/networks/funnel_transformer_test.py

+# Copyright 2021 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Tests for transformer-based bert encoder network."""
+
+from absl.testing import parameterized
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from official.nlp.modeling.networks import funnel_transformer
+
+
+class SingleLayerModel(tf.keras.Model):
+
+  def __init__(self, layer):
+    super().__init__()
+    self.layer = layer
+
+  def call(self, inputs):
+    return self.layer(inputs)
+
+
+class FunnelTransformerEncoderTest(parameterized.TestCase, tf.test.TestCase):
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    super(FunnelTransformerEncoderTest, self).tearDown()
+    tf.keras.mixed_precision.set_global_policy("float32")
+
+  @parameterized.named_parameters(("mix", "mixed_float16", tf.float16),
+                                  ("float32", "float32", tf.float32))
+  def test_network_creation(self, policy, pooled_dtype):
+    tf.keras.mixed_precision.set_global_policy(policy)
+
+    hidden_size = 32
+    sequence_length = 21
+    pool_stride = 2
+    num_layers = 3
+    # Create a small FunnelTransformerEncoder for testing.
+    test_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(
+        vocab_size=100,
+        hidden_size=hidden_size,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        num_layers=num_layers,
+        pool_stride=pool_stride,
+        unpool_length=0)
+    # Create the inputs (note that the first dimension is implicit).
+    word_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    type_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    dict_outputs = test_network([word_ids, mask, type_ids])
+    data = dict_outputs["sequence_output"]
+    pooled = dict_outputs["pooled_output"]
+
+    self.assertIsInstance(test_network.transformer_layers, list)
+    self.assertLen(test_network.transformer_layers, num_layers)
+    self.assertIsInstance(test_network.pooler_layer, tf.keras.layers.Dense)
+
+    # Stride=2 compresses sequence length to half the size at each layer.
+    # This configuration gives each layer of seq length: 21->11->6->3.
+    expected_data_shape = [None, 3, hidden_size]
+    expected_pooled_shape = [None, hidden_size]
+
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_data_shape, data.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_pooled_shape, pooled.shape.as_list())
+
+    # The default output dtype is float32.
+    # If float_dtype is set to float16, the data output is float32 (from a layer
+    # norm) and pool output should be float16.
+    self.assertAllEqual(tf.float32, data.dtype)
+    self.assertAllEqual(pooled_dtype, pooled.dtype)
+
+  @parameterized.named_parameters(
+      ("no_stride_no_unpool", 1, 0),
+      ("large_stride_with_unpool", 3, 1),
+      ("large_stride_with_large_unpool", 5, 10),
+      ("no_stride_with_unpool", 1, 1),
+  )
+  def test_all_encoder_outputs_network_creation(self, pool_stride,
+                                                unpool_length):
+    hidden_size = 32
+    sequence_length = 21
+    num_layers = 3
+    # Create a small FunnelTransformerEncoder for testing.
+    test_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(
+        vocab_size=100,
+        hidden_size=hidden_size,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        num_layers=num_layers,
+        pool_stride=pool_stride,
+        unpool_length=unpool_length)
+    # Create the inputs (note that the first dimension is implicit).
+    word_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    type_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    dict_outputs = test_network([word_ids, mask, type_ids])
+    all_encoder_outputs = dict_outputs["encoder_outputs"]
+    pooled = dict_outputs["pooled_output"]
+
+    expected_data_shape = [None, sequence_length, hidden_size]
+    expected_pooled_shape = [None, hidden_size]
+    self.assertLen(all_encoder_outputs, num_layers)
+    for data in all_encoder_outputs:
+      expected_data_shape[1] = unpool_length + (expected_data_shape[1] +
+                                                pool_stride - 1 -
+                                                unpool_length) // pool_stride
+      print("shapes:", expected_data_shape, data.shape.as_list())
+      self.assertAllEqual(expected_data_shape, data.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_pooled_shape, pooled.shape.as_list())
+
+    # The default output dtype is float32.
+    self.assertAllEqual(tf.float32, all_encoder_outputs[-1].dtype)
+    self.assertAllEqual(tf.float32, pooled.dtype)
+
+  @parameterized.named_parameters(
+      ("all_sequence", None, 3, 0),
+      ("output_range", 1, 1, 0),
+      ("all_sequence_wit_unpool", None, 4, 1),
+      ("output_range_with_unpool", 1, 1, 1),
+      ("output_range_with_large_unpool", 1, 1, 2),
+  )
+  def test_network_invocation(self, output_range, out_seq_len, unpool_length):
+    hidden_size = 32
+    sequence_length = 21
+    vocab_size = 57
+    num_types = 7
+    pool_stride = 2
+    # Create a small FunnelTransformerEncoder for testing.
+    test_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        hidden_size=hidden_size,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        num_layers=3,
+        type_vocab_size=num_types,
+        output_range=output_range,
+        pool_stride=pool_stride,
+        unpool_length=unpool_length)
+    # Create the inputs (note that the first dimension is implicit).
+    word_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    type_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    dict_outputs = test_network([word_ids, mask, type_ids])
+    data = dict_outputs["sequence_output"]
+    pooled = dict_outputs["pooled_output"]
+
+    # Create a model based off of this network:
+    model = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask, type_ids], [data, pooled])
+
+    # Invoke the model. We can't validate the output data here (the model is too
+    # complex) but this will catch structural runtime errors.
+    batch_size = 3
+    word_id_data = np.random.randint(
+        vocab_size, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    mask_data = np.random.randint(2, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    type_id_data = np.random.randint(
+        num_types, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    outputs = model.predict([word_id_data, mask_data, type_id_data])
+    self.assertEqual(outputs[0].shape[1], out_seq_len)  # output_range
+
+    # Creates a FunnelTransformerEncoder with max_sequence_length !=
+    # sequence_length
+    max_sequence_length = 128
+    test_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        hidden_size=hidden_size,
+        max_sequence_length=max_sequence_length,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        num_layers=3,
+        type_vocab_size=num_types,
+        pool_stride=pool_stride)
+    dict_outputs = test_network([word_ids, mask, type_ids])
+    data = dict_outputs["sequence_output"]
+    pooled = dict_outputs["pooled_output"]
+    model = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask, type_ids], [data, pooled])
+    outputs = model.predict([word_id_data, mask_data, type_id_data])
+    self.assertEqual(outputs[0].shape[1], 3)
+
+    # Creates a FunnelTransformerEncoder with embedding_width != hidden_size
+    test_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        hidden_size=hidden_size,
+        max_sequence_length=max_sequence_length,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        num_layers=3,
+        type_vocab_size=num_types,
+        embedding_width=16,
+        pool_stride=pool_stride)
+    dict_outputs = test_network([word_ids, mask, type_ids])
+    data = dict_outputs["sequence_output"]
+    pooled = dict_outputs["pooled_output"]
+    model = tf.keras.Model([word_ids, mask, type_ids], [data, pooled])
+    outputs = model.predict([word_id_data, mask_data, type_id_data])
+    self.assertEqual(outputs[0].shape[-1], hidden_size)
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(test_network, "_embedding_projection"))
+
+  def test_serialize_deserialize(self):
+    # Create a network object that sets all of its config options.
+    kwargs = dict(
+        vocab_size=100,
+        hidden_size=32,
+        num_layers=3,
+        num_attention_heads=2,
+        max_sequence_length=21,
+        type_vocab_size=12,
+        inner_dim=1223,
+        inner_activation="relu",
+        output_dropout=0.05,
+        attention_dropout=0.22,
+        initializer="glorot_uniform",
+        output_range=-1,
+        embedding_width=16,
+        embedding_layer=None,
+        norm_first=False,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        unpool_length=0)
+    network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder(**kwargs)
+    expected_config = dict(kwargs)
+    expected_config["inner_activation"] = tf.keras.activations.serialize(
+        tf.keras.activations.get(expected_config["inner_activation"]))
+    expected_config["initializer"] = tf.keras.initializers.serialize(
+        tf.keras.initializers.get(expected_config["initializer"]))
+    self.assertEqual(network.get_config(), expected_config)
+    # Create another network object from the first object's config.
+    new_network = funnel_transformer.FunnelTransformerEncoder.from_config(
+        network.get_config())
+
+    # If the serialization was successful, the new config should match the old.
+    self.assertAllEqual(network.get_config(), new_network.get_config())
+
+    # Tests model saving/loading.
+    model_path = self.get_temp_dir() + "/model"
+    network_wrapper = SingleLayerModel(network)
+    # One forward-path to ensure input_shape.
+    batch_size = 3
+    sequence_length = 21
+    vocab_size = 100
+    num_types = 12
+    word_id_data = np.random.randint(
+        vocab_size, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    mask_data = np.random.randint(2, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+    type_id_data = np.random.randint(
+        num_types, size=(batch_size, sequence_length))
+
+    _ = network_wrapper.predict([word_id_data, mask_data, type_id_data])
+    network_wrapper.save(model_path)
+    _ = tf.keras.models.load_model(model_path)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  tf.test.main()

official/nlp/projects/teams/teams.py

+# Copyright 2021 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""TEAMS model configurations and instantiation methods."""
+import dataclasses
+
+import gin
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from official.modeling import tf_utils
+from official.modeling.hyperparams import base_config
+from official.nlp.configs import encoders
+from official.nlp.modeling import layers
+from official.nlp.modeling import networks
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class TeamsPretrainerConfig(base_config.Config):
+  """Teams pretrainer configuration."""
+  # Candidate size for multi-word selection task, including the correct word.
+  candidate_size: int = 5
+  # Weight for the generator masked language model task.
+  generator_loss_weight: float = 1.0
+  # Weight for the replaced token detection task.
+  discriminator_rtd_loss_weight: float = 5.0
+  # Weight for the multi-word selection task.
+  discriminator_mws_loss_weight: float = 2.0
+  # Whether share embedding network between generator and discriminator.
+  tie_embeddings: bool = True
+  # Number of bottom layers shared between generator and discriminator.
+  # Non-positive value implies no sharing.
+  num_shared_generator_hidden_layers: int = 3
+  # Number of bottom layers shared between different discriminator tasks.
+  num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers: int = 11
+  generator: encoders.BertEncoderConfig = encoders.BertEncoderConfig()
+  discriminator: encoders.BertEncoderConfig = encoders.BertEncoderConfig()
+  # Used for compatibility with continuous finetuning where common BERT config
+  # is used.
+  encoder: encoders.EncoderConfig = encoders.EncoderConfig()
+
+
+@gin.configurable
+def get_encoder(bert_config,
+                embedding_network=None,
+                hidden_layers=layers.Transformer):
+  """Gets a 'EncoderScaffold' object.
+
+  Args:
+    bert_config: A 'modeling.BertConfig'.
+    embedding_network: Embedding network instance.
+    hidden_layers: List of hidden layer instances.
+
+  Returns:
+    A encoder object.
+  """
+  # embedding_size is required for PackedSequenceEmbedding.
+  if bert_config.embedding_size is None:
+    bert_config.embedding_size = bert_config.hidden_size
+  embedding_cfg = dict(
+      vocab_size=bert_config.vocab_size,
+      type_vocab_size=bert_config.type_vocab_size,
+      hidden_size=bert_config.hidden_size,
+      embedding_width=bert_config.embedding_size,
+      max_seq_length=bert_config.max_position_embeddings,
+      initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+          stddev=bert_config.initializer_range),
+      dropout_rate=bert_config.dropout_rate,
+  )
+  hidden_cfg = dict(
+      num_attention_heads=bert_config.num_attention_heads,
+      intermediate_size=bert_config.intermediate_size,
+      intermediate_activation=tf_utils.get_activation(
+          bert_config.hidden_activation),
+      dropout_rate=bert_config.dropout_rate,
+      attention_dropout_rate=bert_config.attention_dropout_rate,
+      kernel_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+          stddev=bert_config.initializer_range),
+  )
+  if embedding_network is None:
+    embedding_network = networks.PackedSequenceEmbedding(**embedding_cfg)
+  kwargs = dict(
+      embedding_cfg=embedding_cfg,
+      embedding_cls=embedding_network,
+      hidden_cls=hidden_layers,
+      hidden_cfg=hidden_cfg,
+      num_hidden_instances=bert_config.num_layers,
+      pooled_output_dim=bert_config.hidden_size,
+      pooler_layer_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
+          stddev=bert_config.initializer_range),
+      dict_outputs=True)
+
+  # Relies on gin configuration to define the Transformer encoder arguments.
+  return networks.encoder_scaffold.EncoderScaffold(**kwargs)

official/nlp/projects/teams/teams_pretrainer.py

+# Copyright 2021 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Trainer network for ELECTRA models."""
+# pylint: disable=g-classes-have-attributes
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from official.modeling import tf_utils
+from official.nlp.modeling import layers
+from official.nlp.modeling import models
+
+
+class ReplacedTokenDetectionHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
+  """Replaced token detection discriminator head.
+
+  Arguments:
+    encoder_cfg: Encoder config, used to create hidden layers and head.
+    num_task_agnostic_layers: Number of task agnostic layers in the
+      discriminator.
+    output: The output style for this network. Can be either 'logits' or
+      'predictions'.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               encoder_cfg,
+               num_task_agnostic_layers,
+               output='logits',
+               name='rtd',
+               **kwargs):
+    super(ReplacedTokenDetectionHead, self).__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
+    self.num_task_agnostic_layers = num_task_agnostic_layers
+    self.hidden_size = encoder_cfg['embedding_cfg']['hidden_size']
+    self.num_hidden_instances = encoder_cfg['num_hidden_instances']
+    self.hidden_cfg = encoder_cfg['hidden_cfg']
+    self.activation = self.hidden_cfg['intermediate_activation']
+    self.initializer = self.hidden_cfg['kernel_initializer']
+
+    if output not in ('predictions', 'logits'):
+      raise ValueError(
+          ('Unknown `output` value "%s". `output` can be either "logits" or '
+           '"predictions"') % output)
+    self._output_type = output
+
+  def build(self, input_shape):
+    self.hidden_layers = []
+    for i in range(self.num_task_agnostic_layers, self.num_hidden_instances):
+      self.hidden_layers.append(
+          layers.Transformer(
+              num_attention_heads=self.hidden_cfg['num_attention_heads'],
+              intermediate_size=self.hidden_cfg['intermediate_size'],
+              intermediate_activation=self.activation,
+              dropout_rate=self.hidden_cfg['dropout_rate'],
+              attention_dropout_rate=self.hidden_cfg['attention_dropout_rate'],
+              kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
+              name='transformer/layer_%d_rtd' % i))
+    self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
+        self.hidden_size,
+        activation=self.activation,
+        kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
+        name='transform/rtd_dense')
+    self.rtd_head = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
+        units=1, kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
+        name='transform/rtd_head')
+
+  def call(self, sequence_data, input_mask):
+    """Compute inner-products of hidden vectors with sampled element embeddings.
+
+    Args:
+      sequence_data: A [batch_size, seq_length, num_hidden] tensor.
+      input_mask: A [batch_size, seq_length] binary mask to separate the input
+        from the padding.
+
+    Returns:
+      A [batch_size, seq_length] tensor.
+    """
+    attention_mask = layers.SelfAttentionMask()([sequence_data, input_mask])
+    data = sequence_data
+    for hidden_layer in self.hidden_layers:
+      data = hidden_layer([sequence_data, attention_mask])
+    rtd_logits = self.rtd_head(self.dense(data))
+    return tf.squeeze(rtd_logits, axis=-1)
+
+
+class MultiWordSelectionHead(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
+  """Multi-word selection discriminator head.
+
+  Arguments:
+    embedding_table: The embedding table.
+    activation: The activation, if any, for the dense layer.
+    initializer: The intializer for the dense layer. Defaults to a Glorot
+      uniform initializer.
+    output: The output style for this network. Can be either 'logits' or
+      'predictions'.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               embedding_table,
+               activation=None,
+               initializer='glorot_uniform',
+               output='logits',
+               name='mws',
+               **kwargs):
+    super(MultiWordSelectionHead, self).__init__(name=name, **kwargs)
+    self.embedding_table = embedding_table
+    self.activation = activation
+    self.initializer = tf.keras.initializers.get(initializer)
+
+    if output not in ('predictions', 'logits'):
+      raise ValueError(
+          ('Unknown `output` value "%s". `output` can be either "logits" or '
+           '"predictions"') % output)
+    self._output_type = output
+
+  def build(self, input_shape):
+    self._vocab_size, self.embed_size = self.embedding_table.shape
+    self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
+        self.embed_size,
+        activation=self.activation,
+        kernel_initializer=self.initializer,
+        name='transform/mws_dense')
+    self.layer_norm = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(
+        axis=-1, epsilon=1e-12, name='transform/mws_layernorm')
+
+    super(MultiWordSelectionHead, self).build(input_shape)
+
+  def call(self, sequence_data, masked_positions, candidate_sets):
+    """Compute inner-products of hidden vectors with sampled element embeddings.
+
+    Args:
+      sequence_data: A [batch_size, seq_length, num_hidden] tensor.
+      masked_positions: A [batch_size, num_prediction] tensor.
+      candidate_sets: A [batch_size, num_prediction, k] tensor.
+
+    Returns:
+      A [batch_size, num_prediction, k] tensor.
+    """
+    # Gets shapes for later usage
+    candidate_set_shape = tf_utils.get_shape_list(candidate_sets)
+    num_prediction = candidate_set_shape[1]
+
+    # Gathers hidden vectors -> (batch_size, num_prediction, 1, embed_size)
+    masked_lm_input = self._gather_indexes(sequence_data, masked_positions)
+    lm_data = self.dense(masked_lm_input)
+    lm_data = self.layer_norm(lm_data)
+    lm_data = tf.expand_dims(
+        tf.reshape(lm_data, [-1, num_prediction, self.embed_size]), 2)
+
+    # Gathers embeddings -> (batch_size, num_prediction, embed_size, k)
+    flat_candidate_sets = tf.reshape(candidate_sets, [-1])
+    candidate_embeddings = tf.gather(self.embedding_table, flat_candidate_sets)
+    candidate_embeddings = tf.reshape(
+        candidate_embeddings,
+        tf.concat([tf.shape(candidate_sets), [self.embed_size]], axis=0)
+    )
+    candidate_embeddings.set_shape(
+        candidate_sets.shape.as_list() + [self.embed_size])
+    candidate_embeddings = tf.transpose(candidate_embeddings, [0, 1, 3, 2])
+
+    # matrix multiplication + squeeze -> (batch_size, num_prediction, k)
+    logits = tf.matmul(lm_data, candidate_embeddings)
+    logits = tf.squeeze(logits, 2)
+
+    if self._output_type == 'logits':
+      return logits
+    return tf.nn.log_softmax(logits)
+
+  def _gather_indexes(self, sequence_tensor, positions):
+    """Gathers the vectors at the specific positions.
+
+    Args:
+        sequence_tensor: Sequence output of shape
+          (`batch_size`, `seq_length`, `num_hidden`) where `num_hidden` is
+          number of hidden units.
+        positions: Positions ids of tokens in batched sequences.
+
+    Returns:
+        Sequence tensor of shape (batch_size * num_predictions,
+        num_hidden).
+    """
+    sequence_shape = tf_utils.get_shape_list(
+        sequence_tensor, name='sequence_output_tensor')
+    batch_size, seq_length, width = sequence_shape
+
+    flat_offsets = tf.reshape(
+        tf.range(0, batch_size, dtype=tf.int32) * seq_length, [-1, 1])
+    flat_positions = tf.reshape(positions + flat_offsets, [-1])
+    flat_sequence_tensor = tf.reshape(sequence_tensor,
+                                      [batch_size * seq_length, width])
+    output_tensor = tf.gather(flat_sequence_tensor, flat_positions)
+
+    return output_tensor
+
+
+@tf.keras.utils.register_keras_serializable(package='Text')
+class TeamsPretrainer(tf.keras.Model):
+  """TEAMS network training model.
+
+  This is an implementation of the network structure described in "Training
+  ELECTRA Augmented with Multi-word Selection"
+  (https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.00139).
+
+  The TeamsPretrainer allows a user to pass in two transformer encoders, one
+  for generator, the other for discriminator (multi-word selection). The
+  pretrainer then instantiates the masked language model (at generator side) and
+  classification networks (including both multi-word selection head and replaced
+  token detection head) that are used to create the training objectives.
+
+  *Note* that the model is constructed by Keras Subclass API, where layers are
+  defined inside `__init__` and `call()` implements the computation.
+
+  Args:
+    generator_network: A transformer encoder for generator, this network should
+      output a sequence output.
+    discriminator_mws_network: A transformer encoder for multi-word selection
+      discriminator, this network should output a sequence output.
+    num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers: Number of layers shared between
+      multi-word selection and random token detection discriminators.
+    vocab_size: Size of generator output vocabulary
+    candidate_size: Candidate size for multi-word selection task,
+      including the correct word.
+    mlm_activation: The activation (if any) to use in the masked LM and
+      classification networks. If None, no activation will be used.
+    mlm_initializer: The initializer (if any) to use in the masked LM and
+      classification networks. Defaults to a Glorot uniform initializer.
+    output_type: The output style for this network. Can be either `logits` or
+      `predictions`.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               generator_network,
+               discriminator_mws_network,
+               num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers,
+               vocab_size,
+               candidate_size=5,
+               mlm_activation=None,
+               mlm_initializer='glorot_uniform',
+               output_type='logits',
+               **kwargs):
+    super().__init__()
+    self._config = {
+        'generator_network':
+            generator_network,
+        'discriminator_mws_network':
+            discriminator_mws_network,
+        'num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers':
+            num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers,
+        'vocab_size':
+            vocab_size,
+        'candidate_size':
+            candidate_size,
+        'mlm_activation':
+            mlm_activation,
+        'mlm_initializer':
+            mlm_initializer,
+        'output_type':
+            output_type,
+    }
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+      self._config[k] = v
+
+    self.generator_network = generator_network
+    self.discriminator_mws_network = discriminator_mws_network
+    self.vocab_size = vocab_size
+    self.candidate_size = candidate_size
+    self.mlm_activation = mlm_activation
+    self.mlm_initializer = mlm_initializer
+    self.output_type = output_type
+    embedding_table = generator_network.embedding_network.get_embedding_table()
+    self.masked_lm = layers.MaskedLM(
+        embedding_table=embedding_table,
+        activation=mlm_activation,
+        initializer=mlm_initializer,
+        output=output_type,
+        name='generator_masked_lm')
+    discriminator_cfg = self.discriminator_mws_network.get_config()
+    self.discriminator_rtd_head = ReplacedTokenDetectionHead(
+        encoder_cfg=discriminator_cfg,
+        num_task_agnostic_layers=num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers,
+        output=output_type,
+        name='discriminator_rtd')
+    hidden_cfg = discriminator_cfg['hidden_cfg']
+    self.discriminator_mws_head = MultiWordSelectionHead(
+        embedding_table=embedding_table,
+        activation=hidden_cfg['intermediate_activation'],
+        initializer=hidden_cfg['kernel_initializer'],
+        output=output_type,
+        name='discriminator_mws')
+    self.num_task_agnostic_layers = num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers
+
+  def call(self, inputs):
+    """TEAMS forward pass.
+
+    Args:
+      inputs: A dict of all inputs, same as the standard BERT model.
+
+    Returns:
+      outputs: A dict of pretrainer model outputs, including
+        (1) lm_outputs: A `[batch_size, num_token_predictions, vocab_size]`
+        tensor indicating logits on masked positions.
+        (2) disc_rtd_logits: A `[batch_size, sequence_length]` tensor indicating
+        logits for discriminator replaced token detection task.
+        (3) disc_rtd_label: A `[batch_size, sequence_length]` tensor indicating
+        target labels for discriminator replaced token detection task.
+        (4) disc_mws_logits: A `[batch_size, num_token_predictions,
+        candidate_size]` tensor indicating logits for discriminator multi-word
+        selection task.
+        (5) disc_mws_labels: A `[batch_size, num_token_predictions]` tensor
+        indicating target labels for discriminator multi-word selection task.
+    """
+    input_word_ids = inputs['input_word_ids']
+    input_mask = inputs['input_mask']
+    input_type_ids = inputs['input_type_ids']
+    masked_lm_positions = inputs['masked_lm_positions']
+
+    # Runs generator.
+    sequence_output = self.generator_network(
+        [input_word_ids, input_mask, input_type_ids])['sequence_output']
+
+    lm_outputs = self.masked_lm(sequence_output, masked_lm_positions)
+
+    # Samples tokens from generator.
+    fake_data = self._get_fake_data(inputs, lm_outputs)
+
+    # Runs discriminator.
+    disc_input = fake_data['inputs']
+    disc_rtd_label = fake_data['is_fake_tokens']
+    disc_mws_candidates = fake_data['candidate_set']
+    mws_sequence_outputs = self.discriminator_mws_network([
+        disc_input['input_word_ids'], disc_input['input_mask'],
+        disc_input['input_type_ids']
+    ])['encoder_outputs']
+
+    # Applies replaced token detection with input selected based on
+    # self.num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers
+    disc_rtd_logits = self.discriminator_rtd_head(
+        mws_sequence_outputs[self.num_task_agnostic_layers - 1], input_mask)
+
+    # Applies multi-word selection.
+    disc_mws_logits = self.discriminator_mws_head(mws_sequence_outputs[-1],
+                                                  masked_lm_positions,
+                                                  disc_mws_candidates)
+    disc_mws_label = tf.zeros_like(masked_lm_positions, dtype=tf.int32)
+
+    outputs = {
+        'lm_outputs': lm_outputs,
+        'disc_rtd_logits': disc_rtd_logits,
+        'disc_rtd_label': disc_rtd_label,
+        'disc_mws_logits': disc_mws_logits,
+        'disc_mws_label': disc_mws_label,
+    }
+
+    return outputs
+
+  def _get_fake_data(self, inputs, mlm_logits):
+    """Generate corrupted data for discriminator.
+
+    Note it is poosible for sampled token to be the same as the correct one.
+    Args:
+      inputs: A dict of all inputs, same as the input of `call()` function
+      mlm_logits: The generator's output logits
+
+    Returns:
+      A dict of generated fake data
+    """
+    inputs = models.electra_pretrainer.unmask(inputs, duplicate=True)
+
+    # Samples replaced token.
+    sampled_tokens = tf.stop_gradient(
+        models.electra_pretrainer.sample_from_softmax(
+            mlm_logits, disallow=None))
+    sampled_tokids = tf.argmax(sampled_tokens, -1, output_type=tf.int32)
+
+    # Prepares input and label for replaced token detection task.
+    updated_input_ids, masked = models.electra_pretrainer.scatter_update(
+        inputs['input_word_ids'], sampled_tokids, inputs['masked_lm_positions'])
+    rtd_labels = masked * (1 - tf.cast(
+        tf.equal(updated_input_ids, inputs['input_word_ids']), tf.int32))
+    updated_inputs = models.electra_pretrainer.get_updated_inputs(
+        inputs, duplicate=True, input_word_ids=updated_input_ids)
+
+    # Samples (candidate_size-1) negatives and concat with true tokens
+    disallow = tf.one_hot(
+        inputs['masked_lm_ids'], depth=self.vocab_size, dtype=tf.float32)
+    sampled_candidates = tf.stop_gradient(
+        sample_k_from_softmax(mlm_logits, k=self.candidate_size-1,
+                              disallow=disallow))
+    true_token_id = tf.expand_dims(inputs['masked_lm_ids'], -1)
+    candidate_set = tf.concat([true_token_id, sampled_candidates], -1)
+
+    return {
+        'inputs': updated_inputs,
+        'is_fake_tokens': rtd_labels,
+        'sampled_tokens': sampled_tokens,
+        'candidate_set': candidate_set
+    }
+
+  @property
+  def checkpoint_items(self):
+    """Returns a dictionary of items to be additionally checkpointed."""
+    items = dict(encoder=self.discriminator_mws_network)
+    return items
+
+  def get_config(self):
+    return self._config
+
+  @classmethod
+  def from_config(cls, config, custom_objects=None):
+    return cls(**config)
+
+
+def sample_k_from_softmax(logits, k, disallow=None, use_topk=False):
+  """Implement softmax sampling using gumbel softmax trick to select k items.
+
+  Args:
+    logits: A [batch_size, num_token_predictions, vocab_size] tensor indicating
+      the generator output logits for each masked position.
+    k: Number of samples
+    disallow: If `None`, we directly sample tokens from the logits. Otherwise,
+      this is a tensor of size [batch_size, num_token_predictions, vocab_size]
+      indicating the true word id in each masked position.
+    use_topk: Whether to use tf.nn.top_k or using iterative approach where the
+      latter is empirically faster.
+
+  Returns:
+    sampled_tokens: A [batch_size, num_token_predictions, k] tensor indicating
+    the sampled word id in each masked position.
+  """
+  if use_topk:
+    if disallow is not None:
+      logits -= 10000.0 * disallow
+    uniform_noise = tf.random.uniform(
+        tf_utils.get_shape_list(logits), minval=0, maxval=1)
+    gumbel_noise = -tf.math.log(-tf.math.log(uniform_noise + 1e-9) + 1e-9)
+    _, sampled_tokens = tf.nn.top_k(logits + gumbel_noise, k=k, sorted=False)
+  else:
+    sampled_tokens_list = []
+    vocab_size = tf_utils.get_shape_list(logits)[-1]
+    if disallow is not None:
+      logits -= 10000.0 * disallow
+
+    uniform_noise = tf.random.uniform(
+        tf_utils.get_shape_list(logits), minval=0, maxval=1)
+    gumbel_noise = -tf.math.log(-tf.math.log(uniform_noise + 1e-9) + 1e-9)
+    logits += gumbel_noise
+    for _ in range(k):
+      token_ids = tf.argmax(logits, -1, output_type=tf.int32)
+      sampled_tokens_list.append(token_ids)
+      logits -= 10000.0 *  tf.one_hot(
+          token_ids, depth=vocab_size, dtype=tf.float32)
+    sampled_tokens = tf.stack(sampled_tokens_list, -1)
+  return sampled_tokens

official/nlp/projects/teams/teams_pretrainer_test.py

+# Copyright 2021 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Tests for TEAMS pre trainer network."""
+
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+from tensorflow.python.keras import keras_parameterized  # pylint: disable=g-direct-tensorflow-import
+from official.modeling import activations
+from official.nlp.modeling.networks import encoder_scaffold
+from official.nlp.modeling.networks import packed_sequence_embedding
+from official.nlp.projects.teams import teams_pretrainer
+
+
+# This decorator runs the test in V1, V2-Eager, and V2-Functional mode. It
+# guarantees forward compatibility of this code for the V2 switchover.
+@keras_parameterized.run_all_keras_modes
+class TeamsPretrainerTest(keras_parameterized.TestCase):
+
+  # Build a transformer network to use within the TEAMS trainer.
+  def _get_network(self, vocab_size):
+    sequence_length = 512
+    hidden_size = 50
+    embedding_cfg = {
+        'vocab_size': vocab_size,
+        'type_vocab_size': 1,
+        'hidden_size': hidden_size,
+        'embedding_width': hidden_size,
+        'max_seq_length': sequence_length,
+        'initializer': tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(stddev=0.02),
+        'dropout_rate': 0.1,
+    }
+    embedding_inst = packed_sequence_embedding.PackedSequenceEmbedding(
+        **embedding_cfg)
+    hidden_cfg = {
+        'num_attention_heads':
+            2,
+        'intermediate_size':
+            3072,
+        'intermediate_activation':
+            activations.gelu,
+        'dropout_rate':
+            0.1,
+        'attention_dropout_rate':
+            0.1,
+        'kernel_initializer':
+            tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(stddev=0.02),
+    }
+    return encoder_scaffold.EncoderScaffold(
+        num_hidden_instances=2,
+        pooled_output_dim=hidden_size,
+        embedding_cfg=embedding_cfg,
+        embedding_cls=embedding_inst,
+        hidden_cfg=hidden_cfg,
+        dict_outputs=True)
+
+  def test_teams_pretrainer(self):
+    """Validate that the Keras object can be created."""
+    vocab_size = 100
+    test_generator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+    test_discriminator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+
+    # Create a TEAMS trainer with the created network.
+    candidate_size = 3
+    teams_trainer_model = teams_pretrainer.TeamsPretrainer(
+        generator_network=test_generator_network,
+        discriminator_mws_network=test_discriminator_network,
+        num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers=1,
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        candidate_size=candidate_size)
+
+    # Create a set of 2-dimensional inputs (the first dimension is implicit).
+    num_token_predictions = 2
+    sequence_length = 128
+    word_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    type_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(sequence_length,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    lm_positions = tf.keras.Input(
+        shape=(num_token_predictions,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    lm_ids = tf.keras.Input(shape=(num_token_predictions,), dtype=tf.int32)
+    inputs = {
+        'input_word_ids': word_ids,
+        'input_mask': mask,
+        'input_type_ids': type_ids,
+        'masked_lm_positions': lm_positions,
+        'masked_lm_ids': lm_ids
+    }
+
+    # Invoke the trainer model on the inputs. This causes the layer to be built.
+    outputs = teams_trainer_model(inputs)
+    lm_outs = outputs['lm_outputs']
+    disc_rtd_logits = outputs['disc_rtd_logits']
+    disc_rtd_label = outputs['disc_rtd_label']
+    disc_mws_logits = outputs['disc_mws_logits']
+    disc_mws_label = outputs['disc_mws_label']
+
+    # Validate that the outputs are of the expected shape.
+    expected_lm_shape = [None, num_token_predictions, vocab_size]
+    expected_disc_rtd_logits_shape = [None, sequence_length]
+    expected_disc_rtd_label_shape = [None, sequence_length]
+    expected_disc_disc_mws_logits_shape = [
+        None, num_token_predictions, candidate_size
+    ]
+    expected_disc_disc_mws_label_shape = [None, num_token_predictions]
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_lm_shape, lm_outs.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_disc_rtd_logits_shape,
+                        disc_rtd_logits.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_disc_rtd_label_shape,
+                        disc_rtd_label.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_disc_disc_mws_logits_shape,
+                        disc_mws_logits.shape.as_list())
+    self.assertAllEqual(expected_disc_disc_mws_label_shape,
+                        disc_mws_label.shape.as_list())
+
+  def test_teams_trainer_tensor_call(self):
+    """Validate that the Keras object can be invoked."""
+    vocab_size = 100
+    test_generator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+    test_discriminator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+
+    # Create a TEAMS trainer with the created network.
+    teams_trainer_model = teams_pretrainer.TeamsPretrainer(
+        generator_network=test_generator_network,
+        discriminator_mws_network=test_discriminator_network,
+        num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers=2,
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        candidate_size=2)
+
+    # Create a set of 2-dimensional data tensors to feed into the model.
+    word_ids = tf.constant([[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]], dtype=tf.int32)
+    mask = tf.constant([[1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]], dtype=tf.int32)
+    type_ids = tf.constant([[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]], dtype=tf.int32)
+    lm_positions = tf.constant([[0, 1], [0, 2]], dtype=tf.int32)
+    lm_ids = tf.constant([[10, 20], [20, 30]], dtype=tf.int32)
+    inputs = {
+        'input_word_ids': word_ids,
+        'input_mask': mask,
+        'input_type_ids': type_ids,
+        'masked_lm_positions': lm_positions,
+        'masked_lm_ids': lm_ids
+    }
+
+    # Invoke the trainer model on the tensors. In Eager mode, this does the
+    # actual calculation. (We can't validate the outputs, since the network is
+    # too complex: this simply ensures we're not hitting runtime errors.)
+    _ = teams_trainer_model(inputs)
+
+  def test_serialize_deserialize(self):
+    """Validate that the TEAMS trainer can be serialized and deserialized."""
+    vocab_size = 100
+    test_generator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+    test_discriminator_network = self._get_network(vocab_size)
+
+    # Create a TEAMS trainer with the created network. (Note that all the args
+    # are different, so we can catch any serialization mismatches.)
+    teams_trainer_model = teams_pretrainer.TeamsPretrainer(
+        generator_network=test_generator_network,
+        discriminator_mws_network=test_discriminator_network,
+        num_discriminator_task_agnostic_layers=2,
+        vocab_size=vocab_size,
+        candidate_size=2)
+
+    # Create another TEAMS trainer via serialization and deserialization.
+    config = teams_trainer_model.get_config()
+    new_teams_trainer_model = teams_pretrainer.TeamsPretrainer.from_config(
+        config)
+
+    # Validate that the config can be forced to JSON.
+    _ = new_teams_trainer_model.to_json()
+
+    # If the serialization was successful, the new config should match the old.
+    self.assertAllEqual(teams_trainer_model.get_config(),
+                        new_teams_trainer_model.get_config())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  tf.test.main()

official/nlp/projects/triviaqa/inputs.py

@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ def _flatten_dims(tensor: tf.Tensor,
     rank = tensor.shape.rank
     if rank is None:
       raise ValueError('Static rank of `tensor` must be known.')
-    if first_dim < 0:
+    if first_dim < 0:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       first_dim += rank
-    if first_dim < 0 or first_dim >= rank:
+    if first_dim < 0 or first_dim >= rank:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       raise ValueError('`first_dim` out of bounds for `tensor` rank.')
-    if last_dim < 0:
+    if last_dim < 0:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       last_dim += rank
-    if last_dim < 0 or last_dim >= rank:
+    if last_dim < 0 or last_dim >= rank:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       raise ValueError('`last_dim` out of bounds for `tensor` rank.')
-    if first_dim > last_dim:
+    if first_dim > last_dim:  # pytype: disable=unsupported-operands
       raise ValueError('`first_dim` must not be larger than `last_dim`.')
 
     # Try to calculate static flattened dim size if all input sizes to flatten

official/nlp/serving/serving_modules.py

@@ -80,12 +80,10 @@ class SentencePrediction(export_base.ExportModule):
           lower_case=params.lower_case,
           preprocessing_hub_module_url=params.preprocessing_hub_module_url)
 
-  @tf.function
-  def serve(self,
-            input_word_ids,
-            input_mask=None,
-            input_type_ids=None,
-            use_prob=False) -> Dict[str, tf.Tensor]:
+  def _serve_tokenized_input(self,
+                             input_word_ids,
+                             input_mask=None,
+                             input_type_ids=None) -> tf.Tensor:
     if input_type_ids is None:
       # Requires CLS token is the first token of inputs.
       input_type_ids = tf.zeros_like(input_word_ids)
@@ -98,10 +96,26 @@ class SentencePrediction(export_base.ExportModule):
         input_word_ids=input_word_ids,
         input_mask=input_mask,
         input_type_ids=input_type_ids)
-    if not use_prob:
-      return dict(outputs=self.inference_step(inputs))
-    else:
-      return dict(outputs=tf.nn.softmax(self.inference_step(inputs)))
+    return self.inference_step(inputs)
+
+  @tf.function
+  def serve(self,
+            input_word_ids,
+            input_mask=None,
+            input_type_ids=None) -> Dict[str, tf.Tensor]:
+    return dict(
+        outputs=self._serve_tokenized_input(input_word_ids, input_mask,
+                                            input_type_ids))
+
+  @tf.function
+  def serve_probability(self,
+                        input_word_ids,
+                        input_mask=None,
+                        input_type_ids=None) -> Dict[str, tf.Tensor]:
+    return dict(
+        outputs=tf.nn.softmax(
+            self._serve_tokenized_input(input_word_ids, input_mask,
+                                        input_type_ids)))
 
   @tf.function
   def serve_examples(self, inputs) -> Dict[str, tf.Tensor]:

official/pip_package/setup.py

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ setup(
         'official.pip_package*',
         'official.benchmark*',
         'official.colab*',
+        'official.recommendation.ranking.data.preprocessing*',
     ]),
     exclude_package_data={
         '': ['*_test.py',],

official/recommendation/ranking/README.md

@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ Note that the dataset is large (~1TB).
 
 ### Preprocess the data
 
+Follow the instructions in [Data Preprocessing](data/preprocessing) to
+preprocess the Criteo Terabyte dataset.
+
 Data preprocessing steps are summarized below.
 
 Integer feature processing steps, sequentially:
@@ -93,9 +96,9 @@ Training and eval datasets are expected to be saved in many tab-separated values
 (TSV) files in the following format: numberical fetures, categorical features
 and label.
 
-On each row of the TSV file first `num_dense_features` inputs are numerical
-features, then `vocab_sizes` categorical features and the last one is the label
-(either 0 or 1). Each i-th categorical feature is expected to be an integer in
+On each row of the TSV file, the first one is the label
+(either 0 or 1), the next `num_dense_features` inputs are numerical
+features, then `vocab_sizes` categorical features. Each i-th categorical feature is expected to be an integer in
 the range of `[0, vocab_sizes[i])`.
 
 ## Train and Evaluate