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---
language:
- en
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- facebook
- meta
- pytorch
- llama
- llama-3
license: llama3
extra_gated_prompt: >-
### META LLAMA 3 COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT
Meta Llama 3 Version Release Date: April 18, 2024
"Agreement" means the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, distribution and modification of the
Llama Materials set forth herein.
"Documentation" means the specifications, manuals and documentation accompanying Meta Llama 3
distributed by Meta at https://llama.meta.com/get-started/.
"Licensee" or "you" means you, or your employer or any other person or entity (if you are entering into
this Agreement on such person or entity’s behalf), of the age required under applicable laws, rules or
regulations to provide legal consent and that has legal authority to bind your employer or such other
person or entity if you are entering in this Agreement on their behalf.
"Meta Llama 3" means the foundational large language models and software and algorithms, including
machine-learning model code, trained model weights, inference-enabling code, training-enabling code,
fine-tuning enabling code and other elements of the foregoing distributed by Meta at
https://llama.meta.com/llama-downloads.
"Llama Materials" means, collectively, Meta’s proprietary Meta Llama 3 and Documentation (and any
portion thereof) made available under this Agreement.
"Meta" or "we" means Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (if you are located in or, if you are an entity, your
principal place of business is in the EEA or Switzerland) and Meta Platforms, Inc. (if you are located
outside of the EEA or Switzerland).
1. License Rights and Redistribution.
a. Grant of Rights. You are granted a non-exclusive, worldwide, non-transferable and royalty-free
limited license under Meta’s intellectual property or other rights owned by Meta embodied in the Llama
Materials to use, reproduce, distribute, copy, create derivative works of, and make modifications to the
Llama Materials.
b. Redistribution and Use.
i. If you distribute or make available the Llama Materials (or any derivative works
thereof), or a product or service that uses any of them, including another AI model, you shall (A) provide
a copy of this Agreement with any such Llama Materials; and (B) prominently display “Built with Meta
Llama 3” on a related website, user interface, blogpost, about page, or product documentation. If you
use the Llama Materials to create, train, fine tune, or otherwise improve an AI model, which is
distributed or made available, you shall also include “Llama 3” at the beginning of any such AI model
name.
ii. If you receive Llama Materials, or any derivative works thereof, from a Licensee as part
of an integrated end user product, then Section 2 of this Agreement will not apply to you.
iii. You must retain in all copies of the Llama Materials that you distribute the following
attribution notice within a “Notice” text file distributed as a part of such copies: “Meta Llama 3 is
licensed under the Meta Llama 3 Community License, Copyright © Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights
Reserved.”
iv. Your use of the Llama Materials must comply with applicable laws and regulations
(including trade compliance laws and regulations) and adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy for the Llama
Materials (available at https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy), which is hereby incorporated by
reference into this Agreement.
v. You will not use the Llama Materials or any output or results of the Llama Materials to
improve any other large language model (excluding Meta Llama 3 or derivative works thereof).
2. Additional Commercial Terms. If, on the Meta Llama 3 version release date, the monthly active users
of the products or services made available by or for Licensee, or Licensee’s affiliates, is greater than 700
million monthly active users in the preceding calendar month, you must request a license from Meta,
which Meta may grant to you in its sole discretion, and you are not authorized to exercise any of the
rights under this Agreement unless or until Meta otherwise expressly grants you such rights.
3. Disclaimer of Warranty. UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY
OUTPUT AND RESULTS THEREFROM ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF
ANY KIND, AND META DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, BOTH EXPRESS AND IMPLIED,
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT,
MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR
DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF USING OR REDISTRIBUTING THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND
ASSUME ANY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR USE OF THE LLAMA MATERIALS AND ANY OUTPUT AND
RESULTS.
4. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT WILL META OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, PRODUCTS LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL,
INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN IF META OR ITS AFFILIATES HAVE BEEN ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY OF THE FOREGOING.
5. Intellectual Property.
a. No trademark licenses are granted under this Agreement, and in connection with the Llama
Materials, neither Meta nor Licensee may use any name or mark owned by or associated with the other
or any of its affiliates, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing and
redistributing the Llama Materials or as set forth in this Section 5(a). Meta hereby grants you a license to
use “Llama 3” (the “Mark”) solely as required to comply with the last sentence of Section 1.b.i. You will
comply with Meta’s brand guidelines (currently accessible at
https://about.meta.com/brand/resources/meta/company-brand/ ). All goodwill arising out of your use
of the Mark will inure to the benefit of Meta.
b. Subject to Meta’s ownership of Llama Materials and derivatives made by or for Meta, with
respect to any derivative works and modifications of the Llama Materials that are made by you, as
between you and Meta, you are and will be the owner of such derivative works and modifications.
c. If you institute litigation or other proceedings against Meta or any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Llama Materials or Meta Llama 3 outputs or
results, or any portion of any of the foregoing, constitutes infringement of intellectual property or other
rights owned or licensable by you, then any licenses granted to you under this Agreement shall
terminate as of the date such litigation or claim is filed or instituted. You will indemnify and hold
harmless Meta from and against any claim by any third party arising out of or related to your use or
distribution of the Llama Materials.
6. Term and Termination. The term of this Agreement will commence upon your acceptance of this
Agreement or access to the Llama Materials and will continue in full force and effect until terminated in
accordance with the terms and conditions herein. Meta may terminate this Agreement if you are in
breach of any term or condition of this Agreement. Upon termination of this Agreement, you shall delete
and cease use of the Llama Materials. Sections 3, 4 and 7 shall survive the termination of this
Agreement.
7. Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement will be governed and construed under the laws of
the State of California without regard to choice of law principles, and the UN Convention on Contracts
for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement. The courts of California shall have
exclusive jurisdiction of any dispute arising out of this Agreement.
### Meta Llama 3 Acceptable Use Policy
Meta is committed to promoting safe and fair use of its tools and features, including Meta Llama 3. If you
access or use Meta Llama 3, you agree to this Acceptable Use Policy (“Policy”). The most recent copy of
this policy can be found at [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy)
#### Prohibited Uses
We want everyone to use Meta Llama 3 safely and responsibly. You agree you will not use, or allow
others to use, Meta Llama 3 to:
1. Violate the law or others’ rights, including to:
1. Engage in, promote, generate, contribute to, encourage, plan, incite, or further illegal or unlawful activity or content, such as:
1. Violence or terrorism
2. Exploitation or harm to children, including the solicitation, creation, acquisition, or dissemination of child exploitative content or failure to report Child Sexual Abuse Material
3. Human trafficking, exploitation, and sexual violence
4. The illegal distribution of information or materials to minors, including obscene materials, or failure to employ legally required age-gating in connection with such information or materials.
5. Sexual solicitation
6. Any other criminal activity
2. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate the harassment, abuse, threatening, or bullying of individuals or groups of individuals
3. Engage in, promote, incite, or facilitate discrimination or other unlawful or harmful conduct in the provision of employment, employment benefits, credit, housing, other economic benefits, or other essential goods and services
4. Engage in the unauthorized or unlicensed practice of any profession including, but not limited to, financial, legal, medical/health, or related professional practices
5. Collect, process, disclose, generate, or infer health, demographic, or other sensitive personal or private information about individuals without rights and consents required by applicable laws
6. Engage in or facilitate any action or generate any content that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any third-party rights, including the outputs or results of any products or services using the Llama Materials
7. Create, generate, or facilitate the creation of malicious code, malware, computer viruses or do anything else that could disable, overburden, interfere with or impair the proper working, integrity, operation or appearance of a website or computer system
2. Engage in, promote, incite, facilitate, or assist in the planning or development of activities that present a risk of death or bodily harm to individuals, including use of Meta Llama 3 related to the following:
1. Military, warfare, nuclear industries or applications, espionage, use for materials or activities that are subject to the International Traffic Arms Regulations (ITAR) maintained by the United States Department of State
2. Guns and illegal weapons (including weapon development)
3. Illegal drugs and regulated/controlled substances
4. Operation of critical infrastructure, transportation technologies, or heavy machinery
5. Self-harm or harm to others, including suicide, cutting, and eating disorders
6. Any content intended to incite or promote violence, abuse, or any infliction of bodily harm to an individual
3. Intentionally deceive or mislead others, including use of Meta Llama 3 related to the following:
1. Generating, promoting, or furthering fraud or the creation or promotion of disinformation
2. Generating, promoting, or furthering defamatory content, including the creation of defamatory statements, images, or other content
3. Generating, promoting, or further distributing spam
4. Impersonating another individual without consent, authorization, or legal right
5. Representing that the use of Meta Llama 3 or outputs are human-generated
6. Generating or facilitating false online engagement, including fake reviews and other means of fake online engagement
4. Fail to appropriately disclose to end users any known dangers of your AI system
Please report any violation of this Policy, software “bug,” or other problems that could lead to a violation
of this Policy through one of the following means:
* Reporting issues with the model: [https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3)
* Reporting risky content generated by the model:
developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback
* Reporting bugs and security concerns: facebook.com/whitehat/info
* Reporting violations of the Acceptable Use Policy or unlicensed uses of Meta Llama 3: LlamaUseReport@meta.com
extra_gated_fields:
First Name: text
Last Name: text
Date of birth: date_picker
Country: country
Affiliation: text
geo: ip_location
By clicking Submit below I accept the terms of the license and acknowledge that the information I provide will be collected stored processed and shared in accordance with the Meta Privacy Policy: checkbox
extra_gated_description: The information you provide will be collected, stored, processed and shared in accordance with the [Meta Privacy Policy](https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy/).
extra_gated_button_content: Submit
widget:
- example_title: Hello
messages:
- role: user
content: Hey my name is Julien! How are you?
- example_title: Winter holidays
messages:
- role: system
content: You are a helpful and honest assistant. Please, respond concisely and truthfully.
- role: user
content: Can you recommend a good destination for Winter holidays?
- example_title: Programming assistant
messages:
- role: system
content: You are a helpful and honest code and programming assistant. Please, respond concisely and truthfully.
- role: user
content: Write a function that computes the nth fibonacci number.
inference:
parameters:
max_new_tokens: 300
stop:
- <|end_of_text|>
- <|eot_id|>
---
## Model Details
Meta developed and released the Meta Llama 3 family of large language models (LLMs), a collection of pretrained and instruction tuned generative text models in 8 and 70B sizes. The Llama 3 instruction tuned models are optimized for dialogue use cases and outperform many of the available open source chat models on common industry benchmarks. Further, in developing these models, we took great care to optimize helpfulness and safety.
**Model developers** Meta
**Variations** Llama 3 comes in two sizes — 8B and 70B parameters — in pre-trained and instruction tuned variants.
**Input** Models input text only.
**Output** Models generate text and code only.
**Model Architecture** Llama 3 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align with human preferences for helpfulness and safety.
<table>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td><strong>Training Data</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Params</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Context length</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>GQA</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Token count</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Knowledge cutoff</strong>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" >Llama 3
</td>
<td rowspan="2" >A new mix of publicly available online data.
</td>
<td>8B
</td>
<td>8k
</td>
<td>Yes
</td>
<td rowspan="2" >15T+
</td>
<td>March, 2023
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>70B
</td>
<td>8k
</td>
<td>Yes
</td>
<td>December, 2023
</td>
</tr>
</table>
**Llama 3 family of models**. Token counts refer to pretraining data only. Both the 8 and 70B versions use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability.
**Model Release Date** April 18, 2024.
**Status** This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we improve model safety with community feedback.
**License** A custom commercial license is available at: [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/license](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/license)
Where to send questions or comments about the model Instructions on how to provide feedback or comments on the model can be found in the model [README](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3). For more technical information about generation parameters and recipes for how to use Llama 3 in applications, please go [here](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-recipes).
## Intended Use
**Intended Use Cases** Llama 3 is intended for commercial and research use in English. Instruction tuned models are intended for assistant-like chat, whereas pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of natural language generation tasks.
**Out-of-scope** Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws). Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Llama 3 Community License. Use in languages other than English**.
**Note: Developers may fine-tune Llama 3 models for languages beyond English provided they comply with the Llama 3 Community License and the Acceptable Use Policy.
## How to use
This repository contains two versions of Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct, for use with transformers and with the original `llama3` codebase.
### Use with transformers
You can run conversational inference using the Transformers pipeline abstraction, or by leveraging the Auto classes with the `generate()` function. Let's see examples of both.
#### Transformers pipeline
```python
import transformers
import torch
model_id = "meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct"
pipeline = transformers.pipeline(
"text-generation",
model=model_id,
model_kwargs={"torch_dtype": torch.bfloat16},
device_map="auto",
)
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!"},
{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
]
prompt = pipeline.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True
)
terminators = [
pipeline.tokenizer.eos_token_id,
pipeline.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|eot_id|>")
]
outputs = pipeline(
prompt,
max_new_tokens=256,
eos_token_id=terminators,
do_sample=True,
temperature=0.6,
top_p=0.9,
)
print(outputs[0]["generated_text"][len(prompt):])
```
#### Transformers AutoModelForCausalLM
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch
model_id = "meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_id,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
device_map="auto",
)
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!"},
{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
]
input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
add_generation_prompt=True,
return_tensors="pt"
).to(model.device)
terminators = [
tokenizer.eos_token_id,
tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|eot_id|>")
]
outputs = model.generate(
input_ids,
max_new_tokens=256,
eos_token_id=terminators,
do_sample=True,
temperature=0.6,
top_p=0.9,
)
response = outputs[0][input_ids.shape[-1]:]
print(tokenizer.decode(response, skip_special_tokens=True))
```
### Use with `llama3`
Please, follow the instructions in the [repository](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3)
To download Original checkpoints, see the example command below leveraging `huggingface-cli`:
```
huggingface-cli download meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct --include "original/*" --local-dir Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
```
For Hugging Face support, we recommend using transformers or TGI, but a similar command works.
## Hardware and Software
**Training Factors** We used custom training libraries, Meta's Research SuperCluster, and production clusters for pretraining. Fine-tuning, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on third-party cloud compute.
**Carbon Footprint Pretraining utilized a cumulative** 7.7M GPU hours of computation on hardware of type H100-80GB (TDP of 700W). Estimated total emissions were 2290 tCO2eq, 100% of which were offset by Meta’s sustainability program.
<table>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td><strong>Time (GPU hours)</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Power Consumption (W)</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Carbon Emitted(tCO2eq)</strong>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Llama 3 8B
</td>
<td>1.3M
</td>
<td>700
</td>
<td>390
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Llama 3 70B
</td>
<td>6.4M
</td>
<td>700
</td>
<td>1900
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total
</td>
<td>7.7M
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>2290
</td>
</tr>
</table>
**CO2 emissions during pre-training**. Time: total GPU time required for training each model. Power Consumption: peak power capacity per GPU device for the GPUs used adjusted for power usage efficiency. 100% of the emissions are directly offset by Meta's sustainability program, and because we are openly releasing these models, the pretraining costs do not need to be incurred by others.
## Training Data
**Overview** Llama 3 was pretrained on over 15 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. The fine-tuning data includes publicly available instruction datasets, as well as over 10M human-annotated examples. Neither the pretraining nor the fine-tuning datasets include Meta user data.
**Data Freshness** The pretraining data has a cutoff of March 2023 for the 7B and December 2023 for the 70B models respectively.
## Benchmarks
In this section, we report the results for Llama 3 models on standard automatic benchmarks. For all the evaluations, we use our internal evaluations library. For details on the methodology see [here](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/eval_methodology.md).
### Base pretrained models
<table>
<tr>
<td><strong>Category</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Benchmark</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 3 8B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama2 7B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama2 13B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 3 70B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama2 70B</strong>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6" >General
</td>
<td>MMLU (5-shot)
</td>
<td>66.6
</td>
<td>45.7
</td>
<td>53.8
</td>
<td>79.5
</td>
<td>69.7
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AGIEval English (3-5 shot)
</td>
<td>45.9
</td>
<td>28.8
</td>
<td>38.7
</td>
<td>63.0
</td>
<td>54.8
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CommonSenseQA (7-shot)
</td>
<td>72.6
</td>
<td>57.6
</td>
<td>67.6
</td>
<td>83.8
</td>
<td>78.7
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Winogrande (5-shot)
</td>
<td>76.1
</td>
<td>73.3
</td>
<td>75.4
</td>
<td>83.1
</td>
<td>81.8
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BIG-Bench Hard (3-shot, CoT)
</td>
<td>61.1
</td>
<td>38.1
</td>
<td>47.0
</td>
<td>81.3
</td>
<td>65.7
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ARC-Challenge (25-shot)
</td>
<td>78.6
</td>
<td>53.7
</td>
<td>67.6
</td>
<td>93.0
</td>
<td>85.3
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Knowledge reasoning
</td>
<td>TriviaQA-Wiki (5-shot)
</td>
<td>78.5
</td>
<td>72.1
</td>
<td>79.6
</td>
<td>89.7
</td>
<td>87.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" >Reading comprehension
</td>
<td>SQuAD (1-shot)
</td>
<td>76.4
</td>
<td>72.2
</td>
<td>72.1
</td>
<td>85.6
</td>
<td>82.6
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>QuAC (1-shot, F1)
</td>
<td>44.4
</td>
<td>39.6
</td>
<td>44.9
</td>
<td>51.1
</td>
<td>49.4
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BoolQ (0-shot)
</td>
<td>75.7
</td>
<td>65.5
</td>
<td>66.9
</td>
<td>79.0
</td>
<td>73.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DROP (3-shot, F1)
</td>
<td>58.4
</td>
<td>37.9
</td>
<td>49.8
</td>
<td>79.7
</td>
<td>70.2
</td>
</tr>
</table>
### Instruction tuned models
<table>
<tr>
<td><strong>Benchmark</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 3 8B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 2 7B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 2 13B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 3 70B</strong>
</td>
<td><strong>Llama 2 70B</strong>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MMLU (5-shot)
</td>
<td>68.4
</td>
<td>34.1
</td>
<td>47.8
</td>
<td>82.0
</td>
<td>52.9
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GPQA (0-shot)
</td>
<td>34.2
</td>
<td>21.7
</td>
<td>22.3
</td>
<td>39.5
</td>
<td>21.0
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HumanEval (0-shot)
</td>
<td>62.2
</td>
<td>7.9
</td>
<td>14.0
</td>
<td>81.7
</td>
<td>25.6
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GSM-8K (8-shot, CoT)
</td>
<td>79.6
</td>
<td>25.7
</td>
<td>77.4
</td>
<td>93.0
</td>
<td>57.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MATH (4-shot, CoT)
</td>
<td>30.0
</td>
<td>3.8
</td>
<td>6.7
</td>
<td>50.4
</td>
<td>11.6
</td>
</tr>
</table>
### Responsibility & Safety
We believe that an open approach to AI leads to better, safer products, faster innovation, and a bigger overall market. We are committed to Responsible AI development and took a series of steps to limit misuse and harm and support the open source community.
Foundation models are widely capable technologies that are built to be used for a diverse range of applications. They are not designed to meet every developer preference on safety levels for all use cases, out-of-the-box, as those by their nature will differ across different applications.
Rather, responsible LLM-application deployment is achieved by implementing a series of safety best practices throughout the development of such applications, from the model pre-training, fine-tuning and the deployment of systems composed of safeguards to tailor the safety needs specifically to the use case and audience.
As part of the Llama 3 release, we updated our [Responsible Use Guide](https://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide/) to outline the steps and best practices for developers to implement model and system level safety for their application. We also provide a set of resources including [Meta Llama Guard 2](https://llama.meta.com/purple-llama/) and [Code Shield](https://llama.meta.com/purple-llama/) safeguards. These tools have proven to drastically reduce residual risks of LLM Systems, while maintaining a high level of helpfulness. We encourage developers to tune and deploy these safeguards according to their needs and we provide a [reference implementation](https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-recipes/tree/main/recipes/responsible_ai) to get you started.
#### Llama 3-Instruct
As outlined in the Responsible Use Guide, some trade-off between model helpfulness and model alignment is likely unavoidable. Developers should exercise discretion about how to weigh the benefits of alignment and helpfulness for their specific use case and audience. Developers should be mindful of residual risks when using Llama models and leverage additional safety tools as needed to reach the right safety bar for their use case.
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Safety</span>
For our instruction tuned model, we conducted extensive red teaming exercises, performed adversarial evaluations and implemented safety mitigations techniques to lower residual risks. As with any Large Language Model, residual risks will likely remain and we recommend that developers assess these risks in the context of their use case. In parallel, we are working with the community to make AI safety benchmark standards transparent, rigorous and interpretable.
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Refusals</span>
In addition to residual risks, we put a great emphasis on model refusals to benign prompts. Over-refusing not only can impact the user experience but could even be harmful in certain contexts as well. We’ve heard the feedback from the developer community and improved our fine tuning to ensure that Llama 3 is significantly less likely to falsely refuse to answer prompts than Llama 2.
We built internal benchmarks and developed mitigations to limit false refusals making Llama 3 our most helpful model to date.
#### Responsible release
In addition to responsible use considerations outlined above, we followed a rigorous process that requires us to take extra measures against misuse and critical risks before we make our release decision.
Misuse
If you access or use Llama 3, you agree to the Acceptable Use Policy. The most recent copy of this policy can be found at [https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy/](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/use-policy/).
#### Critical risks
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">CBRNE</span> (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high yield Explosives)
We have conducted a two fold assessment of the safety of the model in this area:
* Iterative testing during model training to assess the safety of responses related to CBRNE threats and other adversarial risks.
* Involving external CBRNE experts to conduct an uplift test assessing the ability of the model to accurately provide expert knowledge and reduce barriers to potential CBRNE misuse, by reference to what can be achieved using web search (without the model).
### <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Cyber Security </span>
We have evaluated Llama 3 with CyberSecEval, Meta’s cybersecurity safety eval suite, measuring Llama 3’s propensity to suggest insecure code when used as a coding assistant, and Llama 3’s propensity to comply with requests to help carry out cyber attacks, where attacks are defined by the industry standard MITRE ATT&CK cyber attack ontology. On our insecure coding and cyber attacker helpfulness tests, Llama 3 behaved in the same range or safer than models of [equivalent coding capability](https://huggingface.co/spaces/facebook/CyberSecEval).
### <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Child Safety</span>
Child Safety risk assessments were conducted using a team of experts, to assess the model’s capability to produce outputs that could result in Child Safety risks and inform on any necessary and appropriate risk mitigations via fine tuning. We leveraged those expert red teaming sessions to expand the coverage of our evaluation benchmarks through Llama 3 model development. For Llama 3, we conducted new in-depth sessions using objective based methodologies to assess the model risks along multiple attack vectors. We also partnered with content specialists to perform red teaming exercises assessing potentially violating content while taking account of market specific nuances or experiences.
### Community
Generative AI safety requires expertise and tooling, and we believe in the strength of the open community to accelerate its progress. We are active members of open consortiums, including the AI Alliance, Partnership in AI and MLCommons, actively contributing to safety standardization and transparency. We encourage the community to adopt taxonomies like the MLCommons Proof of Concept evaluation to facilitate collaboration and transparency on safety and content evaluations. Our Purple Llama tools are open sourced for the community to use and widely distributed across ecosystem partners including cloud service providers. We encourage community contributions to our [Github repository](https://github.com/meta-llama/PurpleLlama).
Finally, we put in place a set of resources including an [output reporting mechanism](https://developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback) and [bug bounty program](https://www.facebook.com/whitehat) to continuously improve the Llama technology with the help of the community.
## Ethical Considerations and Limitations
The core values of Llama 3 are openness, inclusivity and helpfulness. It is meant to serve everyone, and to work for a wide range of use cases. It is thus designed to be accessible to people across many different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Llama 3 addresses users and their needs as they are, without insertion unnecessary judgment or normativity, while reflecting the understanding that even content that may appear problematic in some cases can serve valuable purposes in others. It respects the dignity and autonomy of all users, especially in terms of the values of free thought and expression that power innovation and progress.
But Llama 3 is a new technology, and like any new technology, there are risks associated with its use. Testing conducted to date has been in English, and has not covered, nor could it cover, all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Llama 3’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Llama 3 models, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model. As outlined in the Responsible Use Guide, we recommend incorporating [Purple Llama](https://github.com/facebookresearch/PurpleLlama) solutions into your workflows and specifically [Llama Guard](https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-guard-llm-based-input-output-safeguard-for-human-ai-conversations/) which provides a base model to filter input and output prompts to layer system-level safety on top of model-level safety.
Please see the Responsible Use Guide available at [http://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide](http://llama.meta.com/responsible-use-guide)
## Citation instructions
@article{llama3modelcard,
title={Llama 3 Model Card},
author={AI@Meta},
year={2024},
url = {https://github.com/meta-llama/llama3/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.md}
}
## Contributors
Aaditya Singh; Aaron Grattafiori; Abhimanyu Dubey; Abhinav Jauhri; Abhinav Pandey; Abhishek Kadian; Adam Kelsey; Adi Gangidi; Ahmad Al-Dahle; Ahuva Goldstand; Aiesha Letman; Ajay Menon; Akhil Mathur; Alan Schelten; Alex Vaughan; Amy Yang; Andrei Lupu; Andres Alvarado; Andrew Gallagher; Andrew Gu; Andrew Ho; Andrew Poulton; Andrew Ryan; Angela Fan; Ankit Ramchandani; Anthony Hartshorn; Archi Mitra; Archie Sravankumar; Artem Korenev; Arun Rao; Ashley Gabriel; Ashwin Bharambe; Assaf Eisenman; Aston Zhang; Aurelien Rodriguez; Austen Gregerson; Ava Spataru; Baptiste Roziere; Ben Maurer; Benjamin Leonhardi; Bernie Huang; Bhargavi Paranjape; Bing Liu; Binh Tang; Bobbie Chern; Brani Stojkovic; Brian Fuller; Catalina Mejia Arenas; Chao Zhou; Charlotte Caucheteux; Chaya Nayak; Ching-Hsiang Chu; Chloe Bi; Chris Cai; Chris Cox; Chris Marra; Chris McConnell; Christian Keller; Christoph Feichtenhofer; Christophe Touret; Chunyang Wu; Corinne Wong; Cristian Canton Ferrer; Damien Allonsius; Daniel Kreymer; Daniel Haziza; Daniel Li; Danielle Pintz; Danny Livshits; Danny Wyatt; David Adkins; David Esiobu; David Xu; Davide Testuggine; Delia David; Devi Parikh; Dhruv Choudhary; Dhruv Mahajan; Diana Liskovich; Diego Garcia-Olano; Diego Perino; Dieuwke Hupkes; Dingkang Wang; Dustin Holland; Egor Lakomkin; Elina Lobanova; Xiaoqing Ellen Tan; Emily Dinan; Eric Smith; Erik Brinkman; Esteban Arcaute; Filip Radenovic; Firat Ozgenel; Francesco Caggioni; Frank Seide; Frank Zhang; Gabriel Synnaeve; Gabriella Schwarz; Gabrielle Lee; Gada Badeer; Georgia Anderson; Graeme Nail; Gregoire Mialon; Guan Pang; Guillem Cucurell; Hailey Nguyen; Hannah Korevaar; Hannah Wang; Haroun Habeeb; Harrison Rudolph; Henry Aspegren; Hu Xu; Hugo Touvron; Iga Kozlowska; Igor Molybog; Igor Tufanov; Iliyan Zarov; Imanol Arrieta Ibarra; Irina-Elena Veliche; Isabel Kloumann; Ishan Misra; Ivan Evtimov; Jacob Xu; Jade Copet; Jake Weissman; Jan Geffert; Jana Vranes; Japhet Asher; Jason Park; Jay Mahadeokar; Jean-Baptiste Gaya; Jeet Shah; Jelmer van der Linde; Jennifer Chan; Jenny Hong; Jenya Lee; Jeremy Fu; Jeremy Teboul; Jianfeng Chi; Jianyu Huang; Jie Wang; Jiecao Yu; Joanna Bitton; Joe Spisak; Joelle Pineau; Jon Carvill; Jongsoo Park; Joseph Rocca; Joshua Johnstun; Junteng Jia; Kalyan Vasuden Alwala; Kam Hou U; Kate Plawiak; Kartikeya Upasani; Kaushik Veeraraghavan; Ke Li; Kenneth Heafield; Kevin Stone; Khalid El-Arini; Krithika Iyer; Kshitiz Malik; Kuenley Chiu; Kunal Bhalla; Kyle Huang; Lakshya Garg; Lauren Rantala-Yeary; Laurens van der Maaten; Lawrence Chen; Leandro Silva; Lee Bell; Lei Zhang; Liang Tan; Louis Martin; Lovish Madaan; Luca Wehrstedt; Lukas Blecher; Luke de Oliveira; Madeline Muzzi; Madian Khabsa; Manav Avlani; Mannat Singh; Manohar Paluri; Mark Zuckerberg; Marcin Kardas; Martynas Mankus; Mathew Oldham; Mathieu Rita; Matthew Lennie; Maya Pavlova; Meghan Keneally; Melanie Kambadur; Mihir Patel; Mikayel Samvelyan; Mike Clark; Mike Lewis; Min Si; Mitesh Kumar Singh; Mo Metanat; Mona Hassan; Naman Goyal; Narjes Torabi; Nicolas Usunier; Nikolay Bashlykov; Nikolay Bogoychev; Niladri Chatterji; Ning Dong; Oliver Aobo Yang; Olivier Duchenne; Onur Celebi; Parth Parekh; Patrick Alrassy; Paul Saab; Pavan Balaji; Pedro Rittner; Pengchuan Zhang; Pengwei Li; Petar Vasic; Peter Weng; Polina Zvyagina; Prajjwal Bhargava; Pratik Dubal; Praveen Krishnan; Punit Singh Koura; Qing He; Rachel Rodriguez; Ragavan Srinivasan; Rahul Mitra; Ramon Calderer; Raymond Li; Robert Stojnic; Roberta Raileanu; Robin Battey; Rocky Wang; Rohit Girdhar; Rohit Patel; Romain Sauvestre; Ronnie Polidoro; Roshan Sumbaly; Ross Taylor; Ruan Silva; Rui Hou; Rui Wang; Russ Howes; Ruty Rinott; Saghar Hosseini; Sai Jayesh Bondu; Samyak Datta; Sanjay Singh; Sara Chugh; Sargun Dhillon; Satadru Pan; Sean Bell; Sergey Edunov; Shaoliang Nie; Sharan Narang; Sharath Raparthy; Shaun Lindsay; Sheng Feng; Sheng Shen; Shenghao Lin; Shiva Shankar; Shruti Bhosale; Shun Zhang; Simon Vandenhende; Sinong Wang; Seohyun Sonia Kim; Soumya Batra; Sten Sootla; Steve Kehoe; Suchin Gururangan; Sumit Gupta; Sunny Virk; Sydney Borodinsky; Tamar Glaser; Tamar Herman; Tamara Best; Tara Fowler; Thomas Georgiou; Thomas Scialom; Tianhe Li; Todor Mihaylov; Tong Xiao; Ujjwal Karn; Vedanuj Goswami; Vibhor Gupta; Vignesh Ramanathan; Viktor Kerkez; Vinay Satish Kumar; Vincent Gonguet; Vish Vogeti; Vlad Poenaru; Vlad Tiberiu Mihailescu; Vladan Petrovic; Vladimir Ivanov; Wei Li; Weiwei Chu; Wenhan Xiong; Wenyin Fu; Wes Bouaziz; Whitney Meers; Will Constable; Xavier Martinet; Xiaojian Wu; Xinbo Gao; Xinfeng Xie; Xuchao Jia; Yaelle Goldschlag; Yann LeCun; Yashesh Gaur; Yasmine Babaei; Ye Qi; Yenda Li; Yi Wen; Yiwen Song; Youngjin Nam; Yuchen Hao; Yuchen Zhang; Yun Wang; Yuning Mao; Yuzi He; Zacharie Delpierre Coudert; Zachary DeVito; Zahra Hankir; Zhaoduo Wen; Zheng Yan; Zhengxing Chen; Zhenyu Yang; Zoe Papakipos
README.md 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
# Llama-3
Unsloth对Llama3-8B进行QLoRA训练，最少仅需7.75GB显存，这意味着我们可以在一张1080Ti级别的卡上训练Llama3-8B，其它Firefly、unsloth库中的模型可借鉴llama3的使用方法以此类推。
## 论文
[`The Llama 3 Herd of Models`](https://scontent-lax3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.2365-6/452387774_1036916434819166_4173978747091533306_n.pdf?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=3c67a6&_nc_ohc=DTS7hDTcxZoQ7kNvgG4RrkU&_nc_ht=scontent-lax3-1.xx&gid=A3dKZbFlHdljWrPNA8TkhWm&oh=00_AYCbABVzvTwp7wvKJmAN-2IZeSwABLVkUK0nSbEDvuOaog&oe=66AF7D4D)
## 模型结构
采用标准的decoder-only架构，基于Llama2有几点小改进：1、128K tokens词表的tokenizer，极大提升模型表现；2、在8B/70B上采用grouped query attention（GQA），提升推理性能；3、采用8192 tokens序列进行训练，保证self-attention一般不会跨文档。下图为llama3论文提供的多模态版模型结构：
<div align=center>
<img src="./doc/structure.png"/>
</div>
## 算法原理
llama3将输入embedding后放入attention、ffn等提取特征，最后利用Softmax将解码器最后一层产生的未经归一化的分数向量（logits）转换为概率分布，其中每个元素表示生成对应词汇的概率，这使得模型可以生成一个分布，并从中选择最可能的词作为预测结果。
<div align=center>
<img src="./doc/algorithm.png"/>
</div>
## 环境配置
```
mv Firefly-llama3_unsloth Firefly # 去框架名后缀
```
### Docker（方法一）
```
docker pull image.sourcefind.cn:5000/dcu/admin/base/pytorch:2.1.0-ubuntu20.04-dtk24.04.1-py3.10
# <your IMAGE ID>为以上拉取的docker的镜像ID替换，本镜像为：a4dd5be0ca23
docker run -it --shm-size=32G -v $PWD/Firefly:/home/Firefly -v /opt/hyhal:/opt/hyhal:ro --privileged=true --device=/dev/kfd --device=//dev/dri/ --group-add video --name firefly <your IMAGE ID> bash
cd /home/Firefly
pip install -r requirements.txt # requirements.txt
```
### Dockerfile（方法二）
```
cd Firefly/docker
docker build --no-cache -t firefly:latest .
docker run --shm-size=32G --name firefly -v /opt/hyhal:/opt/hyhal:ro --privileged=true --device=/dev/kfd --device=/dev/dri/ --group-add video -v $PWD/../../Firefly:/home/Firefly -it firefly bash
# 若遇到Dockerfile启动的方式安装环境需要长时间等待，可注释掉里面的pip安装，启动容器后再安装python库：pip install -r requirements.txt。
```
### Anaconda（方法三）
1、关于本项目DCU显卡所需的特殊深度学习库可从光合开发者社区下载安装：
- https://developer.hpccube.com/tool/
```
DTK驱动:dtk24.04.1
python:python3.10
torch:2.1.0
torchvision:0.16.0
triton:2.1.0
torchaudio:2.1.2
deepspeed:0.12.3
bitsandbytes:0.42.0
flash-attn:2.0.4
xformers:0.0.25
```
`Tips：以上dtk驱动、python、torch等DCU相关工具版本需要严格一一对应。`
2、其它非特殊库参照requirements.txt安装
```
pip install -r requirements.txt # requirements.txt
```
`注意，经过上述基础环境配置后，还需安装`[`unsloth`](./unsloth.zip)，可以解压已修改好的unsloth文件直接用pip安装即可，也可以如下所示，下载unsloth的github源码自己修改安装：
```
# 安装unsloth
cd unsloth
pip install .
```
`若unsloth为github上公开的官网源代码（项目中的unsloth为未修改的源代码）：`
```
# 修改安装后的unsloth
vim /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/unsloth/kernels/cross_entropy_loss.py:
MAX_FUSED_SIZE = 65536 -> MAX_FUSED_SIZE = 16384
num_warps = 32 -> num_warps = 8 # 位于Fast_CrossEntropyLoss类的_chunked_cross_entropy_forward[(n_rows, n_chunks,)]下面
vim /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/unsloth/kernels/utils.py
if BLOCK_SIZE >= 32768: num_warps = 32 -> if BLOCK_SIZE >= 32768: num_warps = 8
elif BLOCK_SIZE >= 8192: num_warps = 16 -> elif BLOCK_SIZE >= 8192: num_warps = 8
# 位于函数calculate_settings下面
vim /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/unsloth/models/_utils.py
model_architectures = ["llama", "mistral", "gemma", "gemma2", "qwen2",] -> model_architectures = ["llama", "mistral", "qwen2",]
vim /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/unsloth/models/llama.py
Q = Q.transpose(1, 2) -> Q = Q.transpose(1, 2).half()
K = K.transpose(1, 2) -> K = K.transpose(1, 2).half()
V = V.transpose(1, 2) -> V = V.transpose(1, 2).half()
# 位于函数LlamaAttention_fast_forward的elif HAS_FLASH_ATTENTION and attention_mask is None下面
```
`Tips：建议芯片版本>=K100AI、dtk版本>=24.04.1`
## 数据集
若是训练中文模型，建议尝试使用moss数据，英文可尝试ultrachat和WizardLM数据。
项目中已提供迷你数据集供试验，自有数据集可以参考迷你数据集进行制作，训练数据目录结构如下：
```
data/
├── dummy_data.jsonl
```
训练数据为jsonl格式，每一行的数据格式如下，其中conversation字段是必需的，可以根据实际需求添加或删除其他字段：
```
{
"conversation_id":44,
"category":"Brainstorming",
"conversation":[
{
"human":"怎么能够有效地提升个人能力？",
"assistant":"提升个人能力可以通过以下几个方面实现：\n\n1. 学习新知识和技能：阅读相关书籍、参加课程和工作坊、观看教育视频等学习方式，可以帮助你掌握新的知识和技能，从而提升个人能力。\n\n2. 持续练习和实践：不断地练习和实践所学的知识和技能，可以帮助你更好地掌握和应用这些技能，提高你的表现和效率。\n\n3. 寻求反馈和改进：寻求他人的反馈和建议可以帮助你发现自己的不足之处，进一步完善和改进自己的能力。\n\n4. 建立良好的工作和生活习惯：建立良好的工作和生活习惯，如合理安排时间、注意健康、保持积极态度等，可以提高你的工作效率和生活品质，从而提升个人能力。\n\n5. 社交和交流：与他人交流和合作，可以帮助你更好地了解他人的观点和经验，从而提升自己的能力和见识。"
},
{
"human":"对于初学者来说，如何快速掌握编程技能？",
"assistant":"以下是几个建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能：\n\n1. 学习基础知识：建议先学习编程语言的基础知识和语法，例如变量、数据类型、控制结构、函数等。可以通过在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等方式学习。\n\n2. 实践编程：进行实际的编程练习是非常重要的，可以通过参加编程挑战、编写小项目等方式来进行实践。\n\n3. 寻求反馈：可以寻求他人的反馈和建议，例如在线编程社区、编程导师等，他们可以帮助你发现问题并及时纠正。\n\n4. 阅读优秀代码：阅读和分析优秀的代码可以帮助你学习其他程序员的编程思路和技巧，从而提高自己的编程能力。\n\n5. 不断学习和更新：编程技术和工具在不断更新和发展，因此需要不断学习新的知识和技能，例如学习新的编程语言、框架、工具等，以跟上技术的发展和变化。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并且需要不断地实践和学习。通过以上建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能。"
},
{
"human":"除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有哪些方式可以提升自己的编程能力呢？",
"assistant":"除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有以下几种方式可以提升自己的编程能力：\n\n1. 参与开源项目：加入一个开源项目，可以让你了解到实际的软件开发流程和团队合作方式，并且可以与其他开发人员合作，学习和分享编程技巧和经验。\n\n2. 进行代码重构：对已经编写的代码进行重构，可以帮助你了解更好的编程实践和设计模式，从而提高代码的可读性和可维护性。\n\n3. 练习算法和数据结构：算法和数据结构是编程中的重要基础，练习算法和数据结构可以帮助你了解不同的数据结构和算法，从而更好地解决实际问题。\n\n4. 学习软件工程和架构：学习软件工程和架构的知识，可以帮助你了解如何设计和构建可靠、可扩展和可维护的软件系统。\n\n5. 参加编程社区和论坛：参加编程社区和论坛可以让你与其他开发人员分享和讨论编程经验和技巧，了解最新的技术趋势和解决方案。\n\n总之，提升编程能力需要不断地学习和实践，并与其他开发人员和编程专家进行交流和合作，以获取更多的经验和知识。"
},
{
"human":"你有没有推荐的编程挑战网站？",
"assistant":"当然，以下是一些值得推荐的编程挑战网站：\n\n1. HackerRank：HackerRank 是一个全球领先的技术招聘平台，提供数百种编程挑战和比赛，包括算法、数据结构、数学、SQL、AI 等多个技术领域。\n\n2. LeetCode：LeetCode 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n3. Codeforces：Codeforces 是一个全球知名的编程竞赛网站，提供数百个比赛和练习题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n4. Codewars：Codewars 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法、数据结构、面向对象编程等多个技术领域。\n\n5. Project Euler：Project Euler 是一个非营利性的在线编程挑战平台，提供一系列数学和计算机科学问题，需要用编程语言进行解答。\n\n以上这些编程挑战网站可以帮助你提高编程能力，并且可以与其他编程爱好者进行交流和竞争。"
},
{
"human":"在学习编程的过程中，如何避免陷入困境和放弃呢？",
"assistant":"学习编程是一个需要长期坚持和不断学习的过程，以下是一些避免陷入困境和放弃的方法：\n\n1. 制定合理的学习计划：制定合理的学习计划，包括学习时间、学习内容、目标等，可以帮助你更好地管理时间和精力，避免学习过程中的松懈和分心。\n\n2. 寻找合适的学习资源：选择适合自己的学习资源，例如在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等，可以让你更好地了解和掌握编程知识和技能。\n\n3. 寻求帮助和支持：在学习过程中，遇到问题和困难是很正常的，可以寻求他人的帮助和支持，例如参加编程社区、找到编程导师等。\n\n4. 进行实践和项目：实践和项目是学习编程的重要组成部分，可以帮助你更好地了解和掌握编程技能，同时也可以提高学习的兴趣和动力。\n\n5. 坚持并保持兴趣：坚持学习和保持兴趣是学习编程的关键。可以通过参加编程社区、参加编程竞赛、与其他编程爱好者交流等方式来保持兴趣和动力。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并需要不断学习和实践。通过以上方法可以帮助你避免陷入困境和放弃。"
}
],
}
```
更多资料可参考源项目的[`README_origin`](./README_origin.md)
## 训练
### 单机单卡
```
# 将预训练权重放至：NousResearch/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
export HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0
python train.py --train_args_file train_args/sft/qlora/llama3-8b-sft-qlora.json # 调用unsloth：json中"use_unsloth"设置为true
```
更多资料可参考源项目的[`README_origin`](./README_origin.md)
## result
参考llama3的对话问答效果：
```
用户：奥运会几年开一次？
Llama-3：奥运会每四年开一次。其中，夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会是分开举办的，分别称为“夏季奥林匹克运动会”和“冬季奥林匹克运动会”。夏季奥运会每四年举办一次，而冬季奥运会也是每四年举办一次，但时间上与夏季奥运会相隔两年。
```
### 精度
DCU K100AI与GPU A800精度一致，训练框架：unsloth。
## 应用场景
### 算法类别
`对话问答`
### 热点应用行业
`制造,广媒,金融,能源,医疗,家居,教育`
## 预训练权重
预训练权重快速下载中心：[SCNet AIModels](http://113.200.138.88:18080/aimodels) ，项目中的预训练权重可从快速下载通道下载：[Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct](http://113.200.138.88:18080/aimodels/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct) 。
Hugging Face 预训练权重地址: [Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct) 。
## 源码仓库及问题反馈
- http://developer.hpccube.com/codes/modelzoo/retrieval-based-voice-conversion-webui_pytorch.git
## 参考资料
- https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly.git
- https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth.git
README_origin.md 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
# Firefly: 一站式大模型训练工具
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欢迎关注我们的知乎进行交流讨论：**[红雨瓢泼](https://www.zhihu.com/people/jian-xin-15-96)**
## 项目简介
**Firefly** 是一个开源的大模型训练项目，支持对主流的大模型进行预训练、指令微调和DPO，包括但不限于Qwen2、Yi-1.5、Llama3、Gemma、Qwen1.5、MiniCPM、Llama、InternLM、Baichuan、ChatGLM、Yi、Deepseek、Qwen、Orion、Ziya、Xverse、Mistral、Mixtral-8x7B、Zephyr、Vicuna、Bloom等。
本项目支持**全量参数训练、LoRA、QLoRA高效训练**，支持**预训练、SFT、DPO**。 如果你的训练资源有限，我们极力推荐使用QLoRA进行指令微调，因为我们在Open LLM Leaderboard上验证了该方法的有效性，并且取得了非常不错的成绩。
🔔 本项目主要内容如下：
- 📗 支持预训练、指令微调、DPO，支持全量参数训练、LoRA、QLoRA高效训练。通过配置文件的方式训练不同的模型，小白亦可快速上手训练模型。
- 📗 支持使用[Unsloth](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/unsloth)加速训练，并且节省显存。
- 📗 支持绝大部分主流的开源大模型，如Llama3、Gemma、MiniCPM、Llama、InternLM、Baichuan、ChatGLM、Yi、Deepseek、Qwen、Orion、Ziya、Xverse、Mistral、Mixtral-8x7B、Zephyr、Vicuna、Bloom，训练时与各个官方的chat模型的template对齐。
- 📗 整理并开源指令微调数据集：firefly-train-1.1M 、moss-003-sft-data、ultrachat、 WizardLM_evol_instruct_V2_143k、school_math_0.25M。
- 📗 开源[Firefly系列指令微调模型权重](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP) 。
- 📗 在Open LLM Leaderboard上验证了QLoRA训练流程的有效性。
当前版本针对不同的chat模型的template进行了适配，代码存在较大的更新。若你更喜欢此前的版本，可下载代码[v0.0.1-alpha](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly/releases/tag/v0.0.1-alpha)
## News
- 🔥 Unsloth x Qwen2模型结构的PR已merge到[Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)的master分支。
- 🔥 扩展Unsloth，支持Qwen2模型结构，包括Qwen1.5系列的Dense模型，代码库：[Unsloth](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/unsloth)。 [技术文章](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/x2N3p1qgJy_RyRsO2PHS_A)
- 🔥 支持[Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)，训练Llama3-8B仅需7.75GB显存，可减少42.58%显存占用，减少30.72%训练时间。 [训练增益评测](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Zlp7GM37_bkvvQZedzNp0g)。
- 🔥 优化训练流程，支持全量训练、LoRA、QLoRA高效训练，支持预训练、指令微调和DPO。指令微调与DPO的template与原有的chat模型对齐，支持绝大多数开源模型，包括Gemma、MiniCPM、Llama、InternLM、Baichuan、ChatGLM、Yi、Deepseek、Qwen、Orion、Ziya、Xverse、Mistral、Mixtral-8x7B、Zephyr、Vicuna、Bloom等。
- 🔥 开源模型权重[firefly-mixtral-8x7b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-mixtral-8x7b) ，在[🤗Open LLM排行榜](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)分数为70.34，超越Yi-34B、Llama2-65B-Chat、Qwen-14B、Vicuna-33B-v1.3等模型。
- 🔥 开源[LongQLoRA](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/LongQLoRA)， 【[技术报告](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.04879)】。可高效扩展LLama上下文长度，在单张32GB V100上将Llama2长度扩展至8k（亦可扩展至12k），仅微调1000 step，在PG19和Proof-pile数据集上的perplexity优于LongLoRA，在PG19上略胜MPT-7B-8K。
- 🔥 开源[Firefly-LLaMA2-Chinese项目](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly-LLaMA2-Chinese)，**在4*V100上进行高效训练**，经过中文词表扩充、增量预训练、多轮指令微调，在CMMLU上超越Linly、Yayi、FlagAlpha等，与Ziya、Chinese-Alpaca表现基本持平。
- 🔥 开源[firefly-baichuan2-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-baichuan2-13b)，在OpenCompass的CMMLU榜单上以56.83的分数，位列第8，比百川官方Chat模型略低1.57分。
- 🔥 开源[firefly-llama-30b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama-30b)，在[🤗Open LLM排行榜](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)上以64.83分，同量级模型**排名第10**。
- 🔥 开源[firefly-llama2-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama2-13b)，在[🤗Open LLM排行榜](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)上以62分，同量级模型**排名第3**，比榜首略低0.5分。
- 🔥 开源[firefly-llama-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama-13b)，在[Hugging Face的Open LLM排行榜](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)上复刻Vicuna-13B，比Vicuna-13b-1.1略高0.2分，比llams-2-13b-chat略低0.5分。
- [LLMPruner：大语言模型裁剪工具](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/LLMPruner) ，开源[裁剪后的Bloom模型权重](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP) 。
## 相关项目
- [Firefly-LLaMA2-Chinese](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly-LLaMA2-Chinese)：中文Llama2模型，对Llama2进行中文词表扩充、增量预训练和指令微调。
- [LongQLoRA](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/LongQLoRA)：大模型长度扩展项目，可在单卡V100上将LLaMA-13B的长度扩展至8192，且性能逼近MPT-8K。
- [LLMPruner](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/LLMPruner)：对Bloom进行词表裁剪，减少模型参数量。
## 技术博客
<details><summary><b>技术博客</b></summary>
- [Unsloth x Qwen2，提速47.32%，节省39.13%显存，最少仅需8.43GB显存](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/x2N3p1qgJy_RyRsO2PHS_A)
- [Unsloth微调Llama3-8B，提速44.35%，节省42.58%显存，最少仅需7.75GB显存](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Zlp7GM37_bkvvQZedzNp0g)
- [弱智吧祛魅，与强Baseline的对比实验，差距明显](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/LwGgMbPdC_UTCefqWSkXEQ)
- [关于弱智吧数据封神的若干疑问和猜想，以及数据验证实验](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PnJVA66QLp4-gZTss46PqQ)
- [图解大模型推理优化之KV Cache](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7Fm8LbUN9jQ2HqxPbUU7UQ)
- [Mixtral-8x7B MoE大模型微调实践，超越Llama2-65B](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f24e-Tp-1WyXTbVOzePvhg)
- [LongQLoRA：单卡高效扩展LLaMA2-13B的上下文长度](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lptWXi9sZXd2MTTXZsDiPw)
- [详解基于调整RoPE旋转角度的大模型长度外推方法](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/RtI95hu-ZLxGkdGuNIkERQ)
- [图解RoPE旋转位置编码及其特性](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-1xVXjoM0imXMC7DKqo-Gw)
- [QLoRA轻量级增量预训练方案，及汉化Llama2的实践](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/26-Qxma9M2wGoTQgOlKRmQ)
- [Firefly多轮对话微调书生·浦语InternLM-7B实践](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/98OLdkHjoGDHNDbYL7RerA)
- [🤗Firefly微调LLaMA-30B，Open LLM榜单同量级第10名](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fFT0Pxfecma4n_fXQYb2Mw)
- [通义千问Qwen-7B效果如何？Firefly微调实践，效果出色](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5OAx83j6Op299XAfa496ww)
- [源码解析ChatGLM2多轮对话训练方法的不足，以及改进方法](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nhogoWnzl3nrs_77r38_UA)
- [Firefly增强Baichuan-13B的多轮对话能力](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/djO8Tg3emmy6wzw_rTUlcw)
- [🤗Open LLM排行榜，firefly-llama2-13b在所有13B模型中排名第三，比榜首略低0.5分](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/w1V3QGvsRTQsQqAKp2z6Kg)
- [百万数据增强Baichuan-13B的多轮对话能力](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/djO8Tg3emmy6wzw_rTUlcw)
- [Firefly单卡复刻Vicuna-13B，Open LLM榜单🤗略高0.2分](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QG2YMo_QxaxS_Rr2yJrIeA)
- [微调百川Baichuan-13B保姆式教程，手把手教你训练百亿大模型](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ZBY6kbogHjbCQvZBzNEqag)
- [Firefly-Ziya-13B开源，QLoRA+百万数据，单卡可训百亿大模型](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vgNK6D-_0j4Chk2H1Ev-Ig)
- [Firefly｜百川baichuan-7B实测，QLoRA+百万指令数据微调](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_eTkDGG5DmxyWeiQ6DIxBw)
- [Firefly | QLoRA+百万数据，多卡高效微调bloom-7b1模型](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lA4YUJ9XGpKlUUUjz0Le-g)
- [QLoRA文章解读 & 单卡高效微调bloom-7b1](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/DED7yeiE0DibsVzTmMeDOw)
- [Firefly(流萤): 中文对话式大语言模型](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TX7wj8IzD_EaMTvk0bjRtA)
- [LLMPruner：大语言模型裁剪工具](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/leVtrwZc1zLput51Nr99lw)
</details>
## 模型评测
### Open LLM Leaderboard评测
评测结果来源于Hugging Face的[Open LLM Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)。我们的模型均采用QLoRA脚本进行训练，训练仅使用1~2张V100。
| 模型 | Average | ARC | HellaSwag | MMLU | TruthfulQA |
|-----------------------------|---------|-------|-----------|-------|------------|
| **firefly-mixtral-8x7b** | 70.16 | 68.09 | 85.76 | 71.49 | 55.31 |
| Yi-34B-Chat | 69.97 | 65.44 | 84.16 | 74.9 | 55.37 |
| **firefly-llama-30b** | 64.83 | 64.25 | 83.64 | 58.23 | 53.2 |
| falcon-40b-instruct | 63.47 | 61.6 | 84.31 | 55.45 | 52.52 |
| guanaco-33b | 62.98 | 62.46 | 84.48 | 53.78 | 51.22 |
| **firefly-llama2-13b-v1.2** | 62.17 | 60.67 | 80.46 | 56.51 | 51.03 |
| **firefly-llama2-13b** | 62.04 | 59.13 | 81.99 | 55.49 | 51.57 |
| vicuna-13b-v1.5 | 61.63 | 56.57 | 81.24 | 56.67 | 51.51 |
| mpt-30b-chat | 61.21 | 58.7 | 82.54 | 51.16 | 52.42 |
| wizardlm-13b-v1.2 | 60.79 | 59.04 | 82.21 | 54.64 | 47.27 |
| vicuna-13b-v1.3 | 60.01 | 54.61 | 80.41 | 52.88 | 52.14 |
| llama-2-13b-chat | 59.93 | 59.04 | 81.94 | 54.64 | 44.12 |
| vicuna-13b-v1.1 | 59.21 | 52.73 | 80.14 | 51.9 | 52.08 |
| guanaco-13b | 59.18 | 57.85 | 83.84 | 48.28 | 46.73 |
## 模型列表
🔔 使用本项目的训练代码，以及上述训练数据，我们训练并开源了以下模型权重。
中文模型：
| 模型 | 基座模型 | 训练长度 |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|------|
| [firefly-baichuan2-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-baichuan2-13b) | baichuan-inc/Baichuan2-13B-Base | 1024 |
| [firefly-baichuan-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-baichuan-13b) | baichuan-inc/Baichuan-13B-Base | 1024 |
| [firefly-qwen-7b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-qwen-7b) | Qwen/Qwen-7B | 1024 |
| [firefly-chatglm2-6b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-chatglm2-6b) | THUDM/chatglm2-6b | 1024 |
| [firefly-internlm-7b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-internlm-7b) | internlm/internlm-7b | 1024 |
| [firefly-baichuan-7b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-baichuan-7b) | baichuan-inc/baichuan-7B | 1024 |
| [firefly-ziya-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-ziya-13b) | YeungNLP/Ziya-LLaMA-13B-Pretrain-v1 | 1024 |
| [firefly-bloom-7b1](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-bloom-7b1) | bigscience/bloom-7b1 | 1024 |
| [firefly-bloom-2b6-v2](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-bloom-2b6-v2) | YeungNLP/bloom-2b6-zh | 512 |
| [firefly-bloom-2b6](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-bloom-2b6) | YeungNLP/bloom-2b6-zh | 512 |
| [firefly-bloom-1b4](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-bloom-1b4) | YeungNLP/bloom-1b4-zh | 512 |
英文模型：
| 模型 | 基座模型 | 训练长度 |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|------|
| [firefly-mixtral-8x7b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-mixtral-8x7b) | mistralai/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1 | 1024 |
| [firefly-llama-30b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama-30b) | huggyllama/llama-30b | 1024 |
| [firefly-llama-13-v1.2](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama2-13b-v1.2) | NousResearch/Llama-2-13b-hf | 1024 |
| [firefly-llama2-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama2-13b) | NousResearch/Llama-2-13b-hf | 1024 |
| [firefly-llama-13b-v1.2](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama-13b-v1.2) | huggyllama/llama-13b | 1024 |
| [firefly-llama-13b](https://huggingface.co/YeungNLP/firefly-llama-13b) | huggyllama/llama-13b | 1024 |
## 训练数据
### 指令微调数据
🔔 目前本项目主要整理了如下指令数据集，并将其整理成统一的数据格式：
| 数据集 | 介绍 |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [firefly-train-1.1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M) | 我们收集了23种常见的中文NLP任务的数据，并且构造了许多与中华文化相关的数据，如对联、作诗、文言文翻译、散文、金庸小说等。对于每个任务，由人工书写若干种指令模板，保证数据的高质量与丰富度，数据量为115万 |
| [moss-003-sft-data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/moss-003-sft-data) | 由复旦大学MOSS团队开源的中英文多轮对话数据，包含100万+数据 |
| [ultrachat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/ultrachat) | 由清华大学开源的英文多轮对话数据，包含140万+数据 |
| [WizardLM_evol_instruct_V2_143k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/WizardLM_evol_instruct_V2_143k) | 由WizardLM项目开源的英文指令微调数据集，通过Evol-Instruct方法让指令进化，加强指令的复杂度，以提升模型对复杂指令的遵循能力。包含143k条数据。 |
| [school_math_0.25M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/school_math_0.25M) | 由BELLE项目组开源的数学运算指令数据，包含25万条数据。 |
| [shareAI/CodeChat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shareAI/CodeChat) | 主要包含逻辑推理、代码问答、代码生成相关语料样本。 |
| [shareAI/ShareGPT-Chinese-English-90k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shareAI/ShareGPT-Chinese-English-90k) | 中英文平行双语优质人机问答数据集，覆盖真实复杂场景下的用户提问。 |
| [ultrachat_200k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/ultrachat_200k) | 由Zephyr项目开源的英文指令微调数据，在ultrachat数据基础上进行清洗 |
| [ultrafeedback_binarized](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/ultrafeedback_binarized) | 英文偏好数据集，可用于DPO训练 |
可按需选择、采样或组合上述数据。若是训练中文模型，建议尝试使用moss数据，英文可尝试ultrachat和WizardLM数据。
训练数据为jsonl格式，每一行的数据格式如下，其中conversation字段是必需的，可以根据实际需求添加或删除其他字段。
可以参考项目中的data/dummy_data.jsonl文件。
```json
{
"conversation_id":44,
"category":"Brainstorming",
"conversation":[
{
"human":"怎么能够有效地提升个人能力？",
"assistant":"提升个人能力可以通过以下几个方面实现：\n\n1. 学习新知识和技能：阅读相关书籍、参加课程和工作坊、观看教育视频等学习方式，可以帮助你掌握新的知识和技能，从而提升个人能力。\n\n2. 持续练习和实践：不断地练习和实践所学的知识和技能，可以帮助你更好地掌握和应用这些技能，提高你的表现和效率。\n\n3. 寻求反馈和改进：寻求他人的反馈和建议可以帮助你发现自己的不足之处，进一步完善和改进自己的能力。\n\n4. 建立良好的工作和生活习惯：建立良好的工作和生活习惯，如合理安排时间、注意健康、保持积极态度等，可以提高你的工作效率和生活品质，从而提升个人能力。\n\n5. 社交和交流：与他人交流和合作，可以帮助你更好地了解他人的观点和经验，从而提升自己的能力和见识。"
},
{
"human":"对于初学者来说，如何快速掌握编程技能？",
"assistant":"以下是几个建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能：\n\n1. 学习基础知识：建议先学习编程语言的基础知识和语法，例如变量、数据类型、控制结构、函数等。可以通过在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等方式学习。\n\n2. 实践编程：进行实际的编程练习是非常重要的，可以通过参加编程挑战、编写小项目等方式来进行实践。\n\n3. 寻求反馈：可以寻求他人的反馈和建议，例如在线编程社区、编程导师等，他们可以帮助你发现问题并及时纠正。\n\n4. 阅读优秀代码：阅读和分析优秀的代码可以帮助你学习其他程序员的编程思路和技巧，从而提高自己的编程能力。\n\n5. 不断学习和更新：编程技术和工具在不断更新和发展，因此需要不断学习新的知识和技能，例如学习新的编程语言、框架、工具等，以跟上技术的发展和变化。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并且需要不断地实践和学习。通过以上建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能。"
},
{
"human":"除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有哪些方式可以提升自己的编程能力呢？",
"assistant":"除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有以下几种方式可以提升自己的编程能力：\n\n1. 参与开源项目：加入一个开源项目，可以让你了解到实际的软件开发流程和团队合作方式，并且可以与其他开发人员合作，学习和分享编程技巧和经验。\n\n2. 进行代码重构：对已经编写的代码进行重构，可以帮助你了解更好的编程实践和设计模式，从而提高代码的可读性和可维护性。\n\n3. 练习算法和数据结构：算法和数据结构是编程中的重要基础，练习算法和数据结构可以帮助你了解不同的数据结构和算法，从而更好地解决实际问题。\n\n4. 学习软件工程和架构：学习软件工程和架构的知识，可以帮助你了解如何设计和构建可靠、可扩展和可维护的软件系统。\n\n5. 参加编程社区和论坛：参加编程社区和论坛可以让你与其他开发人员分享和讨论编程经验和技巧，了解最新的技术趋势和解决方案。\n\n总之，提升编程能力需要不断地学习和实践，并与其他开发人员和编程专家进行交流和合作，以获取更多的经验和知识。"
},
{
"human":"你有没有推荐的编程挑战网站？",
"assistant":"当然，以下是一些值得推荐的编程挑战网站：\n\n1. HackerRank：HackerRank 是一个全球领先的技术招聘平台，提供数百种编程挑战和比赛，包括算法、数据结构、数学、SQL、AI 等多个技术领域。\n\n2. LeetCode：LeetCode 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n3. Codeforces：Codeforces 是一个全球知名的编程竞赛网站，提供数百个比赛和练习题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n4. Codewars：Codewars 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法、数据结构、面向对象编程等多个技术领域。\n\n5. Project Euler：Project Euler 是一个非营利性的在线编程挑战平台，提供一系列数学和计算机科学问题，需要用编程语言进行解答。\n\n以上这些编程挑战网站可以帮助你提高编程能力，并且可以与其他编程爱好者进行交流和竞争。"
},
{
"human":"在学习编程的过程中，如何避免陷入困境和放弃呢？",
"assistant":"学习编程是一个需要长期坚持和不断学习的过程，以下是一些避免陷入困境和放弃的方法：\n\n1. 制定合理的学习计划：制定合理的学习计划，包括学习时间、学习内容、目标等，可以帮助你更好地管理时间和精力，避免学习过程中的松懈和分心。\n\n2. 寻找合适的学习资源：选择适合自己的学习资源，例如在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等，可以让你更好地了解和掌握编程知识和技能。\n\n3. 寻求帮助和支持：在学习过程中，遇到问题和困难是很正常的，可以寻求他人的帮助和支持，例如参加编程社区、找到编程导师等。\n\n4. 进行实践和项目：实践和项目是学习编程的重要组成部分，可以帮助你更好地了解和掌握编程技能，同时也可以提高学习的兴趣和动力。\n\n5. 坚持并保持兴趣：坚持学习和保持兴趣是学习编程的关键。可以通过参加编程社区、参加编程竞赛、与其他编程爱好者交流等方式来保持兴趣和动力。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并需要不断学习和实践。通过以上方法可以帮助你避免陷入困境和放弃。"
}
],
}
```
其中firefly-train-1.1M的数据分布如下图所示：
<img src="pics/task_distribution.png" width="380">
### 预训练数据
数据格式可以参考项目中的data/pretrain/dummy_pretrain.jsonl文件。
### DPO数据
数据格式可以参考项目中的data/dummy_dpo.jsonl文件。
## 模型训练
若训练中报错，可先查看[FAQ]()。
我们将训练中使用的各种组件抽取出来，以便后续的扩展和优化，详见component目录下的实现。训练时的参数配置存储在train_args目录下，方便统一管理和更改。大家可以在train_args目录下查看不同模型的训练配置，按需修改或添加。
### 安装环境
在requirements.txt下固定了几个主要的python包的版本，执行如下脚本即可。注意：
- 对于绝大部分模型，我们均在torch==1.13，transformers==4.36环境上进行调试和训练。但部分较新的模型，需要更新transformers版本。
- Qwen1.5需要将transformers更新只4.37。
- Gemma需要将transformers更新只4.38.1，torch==2.0.0。
- 使用QLoRA训练Baichuan2时，需要安装torch==2.0，并且卸载xformers和apex。
- 使用QLoRA训练Qwen时，需将flash-attn卸载，否则会报错。
```bash
pip install requirements.txt
```
如果需要开启Unsloth，建议安装或者更新以下Python包：
```bash
pip install git+https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth.git
pip install bitsandbytes==0.43.1
pip install peft==0.10.0
pip install torch==2.2.2
pip install xformers==0.0.25.post1
```
如果需要使用Unsloth对Qwen1.5进行训练，安装如下包：
```bash
pip install git+https://github.com/yangjianxin1/unsloth.git
```
### 损失函数
预训练时，我们采用经典的自回归损失，即每个位置的token都会参与loss计算。
指令微调时，我们仅计算assistant回复部分的loss。
### 参数说明
📝 train_args目录下存储了不同模型使用不同训练方式的配置文件，主要参数说明如下：
- output_dir：训练输出目录，存储checkpoint、tokenizer、tensorboard等
- model_name_or_path：预训练模型的本地目录，或者在huggingface上的模型名称。
- train_file：训练数据集路径。sft时，需要设置为文件，可以使用data/dummy_data.jsonl进行debug。pretrain时，需要设置为目录。脚本会自动扫描目录下的所有jsonl文件。
- template_name：指令微调时，使用的模板名称。具体有哪些template_name，可参考component/template.py文件
- num_train_epochs：训练的轮次。如果数据量足够大，一般建议只训一个epoch。
- tokenize_num_workers：预训练时，tokenize的线程数，默认为10。
- deepspeed：deepspeed的训练配置文件。全量参数训练时，将采用deepspeed，关于deepspeed的参数配置说明，请参考[deepspeed文档](https://hf-mirror.com/docs/transformers/main/en/deepspeed#deepspeed)
- train_mode：训练模式，full、lora或qlora，默认为qlora。
- task_type：任务类型，pretrain、sft或dpo，默认为sft。
- per_device_train_batch_size：每张显卡的batch size。
- gradient_accumulation_steps：梯度累计步数。global batch=num_gpus * per_device_train_batch_size * gradient_accumulation_steps。
- gradient_checkpointing：如果显存捉襟见肘，可以开启。以时间换空间，模型不缓存激活状态，会进行两次forward计算，以节省显存。
- learning_rate：学习率。全量参数微调的时候，建议小一些，1e-5或5e-6。
- max_seq_length：训练时的最大长度。按照自己的设备进行设置，越长需要占用越多显存。
- max_prompt_length：进行dpo时，prompt的最大长度。
- logging_steps：每隔多少步统计一次train loss。
- save_steps：每隔多少步保存一个模型。
- save_total_limit：output_dir目录中最多保存多少个checkpoint，超出则会将最旧的删除。
- lr_scheduler_type：学习率变化策略。
- warmup_steps：warm up步数。学习率经过多少步，增长到指定的数值。
- optim：优化器。如果是全量参数微调，建议使用adamw_hf。
- seed：随机种子，用于复现实验结果。
- fp16：使用使用fp16混合精度。V100建议开启。
- bf16：使用使用bf16混合精度。A100建议开启。
- use_unsloth：是否使用unsloth，目前unsloth仅支持部分模型，例如Llama3、Mistral、Gemma、TinyLlama等，详情见[Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)。
以下几个参数，当使用QLoRA训练的时候，需要设置：
- lora_rank：qlora矩阵的秩。一般设置为8、16、32、64等，在qlora论文中作者设为64。越大则参与训练的参数量越大，一般来说效果会更好，但需要更多显存，。
- lora_alpha: qlora中的缩放参数。一般设为16、32即可。
- lora_dropout: lora权重的dropout rate。
关于deepspeed的参数配置，可按需自行修改。
### 开始训练
💻 全量参数预训练，将{num_gpus}替换为显卡数量：
```bash
deepspeed --num_gpus={num_gpus} train.py --train_args_file train_args/pretrain/full/bloom-1b1-pretrain-full.json
```
💻 全量参数指令微调，将{num_gpus}替换为显卡数量：
```bash
deepspeed --num_gpus={num_gpus} train.py --train_args_file train_args/sft/full/bloom-1b1-sft-full.json
```
💻 单卡QLoRA预训练：
```bash
python train.py --train_args_file train_args/pretrain/qlora/yi-6b-pretrain-qlora.json
```
💻 单卡QLoRA指令微调：
```bash
python train.py --train_args_file train_args/sft/qlora/yi-6b-sft-qlora.json
```
💻 多卡QLoRA预训练：
```bash
torchrun --nproc_per_node={num_gpus} train.py --train_args_file train_args/pretrain/qlora/yi-6b-pretrain-qlora.json
```
💻 多卡QLoRA指令微调：
```bash
torchrun --nproc_per_node={num_gpus} train.py --train_args_file train_args/sft/qlora/yi-6b-sft-qlora.json
```
💻 单卡QLoRA进行DPO训练：
```bash
python train.py --train_args_file train_args/sft/qlora/minicpm-2b-dpo-qlora.json
```
## 模型使用
### 权重合并
如果使用LoRA或者QLoRA进行训练，本项目仅保存adapter的权重和配置文件，需要将adapter权重与base model进行合并。脚本见script/merge_lora.py
### 模型推理
我们提供了多轮对话的交互脚本，详见script/chat目录，该脚本可同时兼容本项目训练的所有模型进行推理。脚本中设置的template_name，需要与模型训练时的template_name一致。
```bash
cd script/chat
python chat.py
```
生成脚本中的top_p、temperature、repetition_penalty、do_sample等参数对模型的生成效果影响较大，可按照自己的使用场景进行调试修改。
推理脚本中支持使用base model和adapter进行推理，缺点是每次启动脚本都需要合并一次权重，等待时间较久。
支持使用4bit进行推理，显存要求低，效果会略有下降。
## FAQ
#### 问题1：OOM如何解决？
如果发生OOM，可以缩小per_device_train_batch_size、max_seq_length等参数来缓解。也可以设gradient_checkpointing=true，可以大幅降低显存占用，但训练速度会变慢一些。
#### 问题2：安装包错误
requirements.txt中有各python包的版本
```bash
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
#### 问题3：如何指定使用某些卡训练？
通过如下方式，即可指定使用0和1号卡进行训练:
```bash
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 torchrun --nproc_per_node={num_gpus} train_qlora.py --train_args_file train_args/qlora/baichuan-7b-sft-qlora.json
```
#### 问题4：训练Baichuan2失败
训练Baichuan2需要安装torch==2.0，并且卸载xformers和apex，否则会报错
```
RuntimeError: No such operator xformers::efficient_attention_forward_generic - did you forget to build xformers with `python setup.py develop`?
```
#### 问题5：训练Qwen失败
Qwen进行QLoRA训练需要卸载flash-attn，否则会报错：
```
assert all((i.dtype in [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16] for i in (q, k, v)))
```
#### 问题6：Qwen-Base和Yi-Base经过SFT之后，没法生成<|im_end|>，无法正常停止
经查询，该问题广泛存在于Qwen官方代码库的issue中，如果训练Qwen-Base和Yi-Base，建议设template_name="default"，可以避免该问题。
如果对Qwen-Chat和Yi-Chat模型进行SFT，则不会产生该问题，可将template_name分别设为"qwen"和"yi"。
注意：该问题在Qwen1.5中不存在
## 局限性和使用限制
由于模型参数量限制、训练数据的清洗程度等因素，本项目开源的模型可能存在以下局限性：
- 对于事实性知识，容易产生错误的回复。
- 由于未经过无害化微调，可能会产生歧视、危害、违背伦理道德的言论。
- 在代码、推理上的能力仍有欠缺。
基于以上模型的局限性，我们要求本项目的代码、数据、模型不得用于对社会造成危害的用途，且应当遵循基座模型的商业许可。
## 引用
若使用本项目的数据、代码或模型，请引用本项目。
```text
@misc{Firefly,
author = {Jianxin Yang},
title = {Firefly(流萤): 中文对话式大语言模型},
year = {2023},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly}},
}
```
[//]: # (## 关注我们)
[//]: # ()
[//]: # (<img src="pics/gongzhonghao.jpeg" width="250"> )
## Star History
![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=yangjianxin1/Firefly&type=Date)
component/argument.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Optional
@dataclass
class CustomizedArguments:
"""
一些自定义参数
"""
max_seq_length: int = field(metadata={"help": "输入最大长度"})
train_file: str = field(metadata={"help": "训练集。如果task_type=pretrain，请指定文件夹，将扫描其下面的所有jsonl文件"})
model_name_or_path: str = field(metadata={"help": "预训练权重路径"})
template_name: str = field(default="", metadata={"help": "sft时的数据格式"})
eval_file: Optional[str] = field(default="", metadata={"help": "验证集"})
max_prompt_length: int = field(default=512, metadata={"help": "dpo时，prompt的最大长度"})
beta: float = field(default=0.1, metadata={"help": "The beta factor in DPO loss"})
tokenize_num_workers: int = field(default=10, metadata={"help": "预训练时tokenize的线程数量"})
task_type: str = field(default="sft", metadata={"help": "预训练任务：[pretrain, sft]"})
train_mode: str = field(default="qlora", metadata={"help": "训练方式：[full, qlora]"})
lora_rank: Optional[int] = field(default=64, metadata={"help": "lora rank"})
lora_alpha: Optional[int] = field(default=16, metadata={"help": "lora alpha"})
lora_dropout: Optional[float] = field(default=0.05, metadata={"help": "lora dropout"})
use_unsloth: Optional[bool] = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "use sloth or not"})
component/collator.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
from typing import Any, Dict, List
import torch
from loguru import logger
class SFTDataCollator(object):
def __init__(self, tokenizer, max_seq_length):
self.tokenizer = tokenizer
self.max_seq_length = max_seq_length
self.pad_token_id = tokenizer.pad_token_id
def __call__(self, batch: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
# 找出batch中的最大长度
lengths = [len(x['input_ids']) for x in batch if x['input_ids'] is not None]
# 取出batch中的最大长度，如果超过max_seq_length，则取max_seq_length
batch_max_len = min(max(lengths), self.max_seq_length)
# batch_max_len = self.max_seq_length
input_ids_batch, attention_mask_batch, target_mask_batch = [], [], []
# truncate and padding
for x in batch:
input_ids = x['input_ids']
attention_mask = x['attention_mask']
target_mask = x['target_mask']
if input_ids is None:
logger.info('some input_ids is None')
continue
padding_len = batch_max_len - len(input_ids)
# padding
input_ids = input_ids + [self.pad_token_id] * padding_len
attention_mask = attention_mask + [0] * padding_len
target_mask = target_mask + [0] * padding_len
# truncate
input_ids = input_ids[:self.max_seq_length]
attention_mask = attention_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
target_mask = target_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
input_ids_batch.append(input_ids)
attention_mask_batch.append(attention_mask)
target_mask_batch.append(target_mask)
# 将list转换为tensor，得到最终的的模型输入
input_ids_batch = torch.tensor(input_ids_batch, dtype=torch.long)
attention_mask_batch = torch.tensor(attention_mask_batch, dtype=torch.long)
target_mask_batch = torch.tensor(target_mask_batch, dtype=torch.long)
labels = torch.where(target_mask_batch == 1, input_ids_batch, -100)
inputs = {
'input_ids': input_ids_batch,
'attention_mask': attention_mask_batch,
'labels': labels
}
return inputs
class PretrainCollator(object):
def __init__(self, tokenizer, max_seq_length):
self.tokenizer = tokenizer
self.max_seq_length = max_seq_length
self.pad_token_id = tokenizer.pad_token_id
def __call__(self, batch: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
batch = [x['input_ids'] for x in batch if x['input_ids'] is not None]
# 找出batch中的最大长度
lengths = [len(x) for x in batch]
# 取出batch中的最大长度，如果超过max_seq_length，则取max_seq_length
batch_max_len = min(max(lengths), self.max_seq_length)
# batch_max_len = self.max_seq_length
input_ids_batch, attention_mask_batch, labels_batch = [], [], []
for x in batch:
input_ids = x
attention_mask = [1] * len(input_ids)
padding_len = batch_max_len - len(input_ids)
# padding
labels = input_ids + [-100] * padding_len
input_ids = input_ids + [self.pad_token_id] * padding_len
attention_mask = attention_mask + [0] * padding_len
# truncate
input_ids = input_ids[:self.max_seq_length]
labels = labels[:self.max_seq_length]
attention_mask = attention_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
input_ids_batch.append(input_ids)
labels_batch.append(labels)
attention_mask_batch.append(attention_mask)
# 将list转换为tensor，得到最终的的模型输入
input_ids_batch = torch.tensor(input_ids_batch, dtype=torch.long)
labels_batch = torch.tensor(labels_batch, dtype=torch.long)
attention_mask_batch = torch.tensor(attention_mask_batch, dtype=torch.long)
inputs = {
'input_ids': input_ids_batch,
'attention_mask': attention_mask_batch,
'labels': labels_batch
}
return inputs
component/dataset.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
import json
from loguru import logger
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
class UnifiedSFTDataset(Dataset):
"""
统一的数据处理dataset
"""
def __init__(self, file, tokenizer, max_seq_length, template):
self.tokenizer = tokenizer
self.template_name = template.template_name
self.system_format = template.system_format
self.user_format = template.user_format
self.assistant_format = template.assistant_format
self.system = template.system
self.max_seq_length = max_seq_length
logger.info('Loading data: {}'.format(file))
with open(file, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
data_list = f.readlines()
logger.info(f'Use template "{self.template_name}" for training')
logger.info("There are {} data in dataset".format(len(data_list)))
self.data_list = data_list
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data_list)
def __getitem__(self, index):
# 每条数据拼接格式为: {system_format}{user_format}{assistant_format}{user_format}{assistant_format}...
data = self.data_list[index]
data = json.loads(data)
input_ids, target_mask = [], []
# setting system information
if self.system_format is not None:
system = data['system'].strip() if 'system' in data.keys() else self.system
# system信息不为空
if system is not None:
system_text = self.system_format.format(content=system)
input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(system_text, add_special_tokens=False)
target_mask = [0] * len(input_ids)
conversations = data['conversation']
# 拼接多轮对话
for i, conv in enumerate(conversations):
human = conv['human'].strip()
assistant = conv['assistant'].strip()
human = self.user_format.format(content=human, stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
assistant = self.assistant_format.format(content=assistant, stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
input_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(human, add_special_tokens=False)
output_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(assistant, add_special_tokens=False)
input_ids += input_tokens + output_tokens
target_mask += [0] * len(input_tokens) + [1] * len(output_tokens)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask)
# 对长度进行截断
input_ids = input_ids[:self.max_seq_length]
target_mask = target_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
attention_mask = [1] * len(input_ids)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask) == len(attention_mask)
inputs = {
'input_ids': input_ids,
'attention_mask': attention_mask,
'target_mask': target_mask
}
return inputs
class ChatGLM2SFTDataset(UnifiedSFTDataset):
def __getitem__(self, index):
# 每条数据格式为: [gMASK]sop [Round 1]\n\n问：{input1}\n\n答：{target1}</s>[Round 2]\n\n问：{input2}\n\n答：{target2}</s>...
data = self.data_list[index]
data = json.loads(data)
input_ids = self.tokenizer.get_prefix_tokens()
target_mask = [0] * len(input_ids)
conversations = data['conversation']
# 拼接多轮对话
for i, conv in enumerate(conversations):
human = conv['human'].strip()
assistant = conv['assistant'].strip()
human = self.user_format.format(content=human, idx=i + 1)
assistant = self.assistant_format.format(content=assistant)
input_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(human, add_special_tokens=False)
output_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(assistant, add_special_tokens=False) + [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
input_ids += input_tokens + output_tokens
target_mask += [0] * len(input_tokens) + [1] * len(output_tokens)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask)
# 对长度进行截断
input_ids = input_ids[:self.max_seq_length]
target_mask = target_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
attention_mask = [1] * len(input_ids)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask) == len(attention_mask)
inputs = {
'input_ids': input_ids,
'attention_mask': attention_mask,
'target_mask': target_mask
}
return inputs
class ChatGLM3SFTDataset(UnifiedSFTDataset):
def __getitem__(self, index):
# [gMASK]sop <|system|>xxx<|user|>xxx<|assistant|>xxx<eos>
data = self.data_list[index]
data = json.loads(data)
system = data['system'].strip() if 'system' in data.keys() else self.system
input_ids = self.tokenizer.get_prefix_tokens() + \
[self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|system|>")] + \
self.tokenizer.encode(system, add_special_tokens=False)
target_mask = [0] * len(input_ids)
conversations = data['conversation']
# 拼接多轮对话
for i, conv in enumerate(conversations):
human = conv['human'].strip()
assistant = conv['assistant'].strip()
input_tokens = [self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|user|>")] + \
self.tokenizer.encode(human, add_special_tokens=False) + \
[self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|assistant|>")]
output_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(assistant, add_special_tokens=False) + [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
input_ids += input_tokens + output_tokens
target_mask += [0] * len(input_tokens) + [1] * len(output_tokens)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask)
# 对长度进行截断
input_ids = input_ids[:self.max_seq_length]
target_mask = target_mask[:self.max_seq_length]
attention_mask = [1] * len(input_ids)
assert len(input_ids) == len(target_mask) == len(attention_mask)
inputs = {
'input_ids': input_ids,
'attention_mask': attention_mask,
'target_mask': target_mask
}
return inputs
class UnifiedDPODataset(Dataset):
"""
统一的DPO数据集
"""
def __init__(self, file, tokenizer, max_seq_length, max_prompt_length, template):
self.tokenizer = tokenizer
self.template_name = template.template_name
self.system_format = template.system_format
self.user_format = template.user_format
self.assistant_format = template.assistant_format
self.system = template.system
self.max_seq_length = max_seq_length
self.max_prompt_length = max_prompt_length
logger.info('Loading data: {}'.format(file))
with open(file, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
data_list = f.readlines()
logger.info(f'Use template "{self.template_name}" for training')
logger.info("There are {} data in dataset".format(len(data_list)))
self.data_list = data_list
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data_list)
def build_prompt_input_ids(self, system, history):
"""
chatglm2: [gMASK]sop [Round 1]\n\n问：{input1}\n\n答：{target1}</s>[Round 2]\n\n问：{input2}\n\n答：{target2}</s>...
chatglm3: [gMASK]sop <|system|>xxx<|user|>xxx<|assistant|>xxx<eos>
others: {system_format}{user_format}{assistant_format}{user_format}{assistant_format}...
"""
# chatglm模型具有特殊的起始token
if self.template_name in ['chatglm2', 'chatglm3']:
prompt_input_ids = self.tokenizer.get_prefix_tokens()
else:
prompt_input_ids = []
# collect system information
if self.system_format is not None:
system = system if system is not None else self.system
# system信息不为空
if system is not None:
if self.template_name == 'chatglm3':
prompt_input_ids += [self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|system|>")] + self.tokenizer.encode(system, add_special_tokens=False)
else:
system_text = self.system_format.format(content=system)
prompt_input_ids += self.tokenizer.encode(system_text, add_special_tokens=False)
# collect history
for i, conv in enumerate(history):
role = conv['role'].strip()
content = conv['content'].strip()
assert role != 'system', 'there should not be more than one system information'
if role == 'user':
if self.template_name == 'chatglm2':
human = self.user_format.format(content=content, idx=i//2 + 1)
input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(human, add_special_tokens=False)
elif self.template_name == 'chatglm3':
input_ids = [self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|user|>")] + \
self.tokenizer.encode(content, add_special_tokens=False) + \
[self.tokenizer.get_command(f"<|assistant|>")]
else:
human = self.user_format.format(content=content, stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(human, add_special_tokens=False)
elif role == 'assistant':
if self.template_name in ['chatglm2', 'chatglm3']:
input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(content, add_special_tokens=False) + [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
else:
assistant = self.assistant_format.format(content=content, stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(assistant, add_special_tokens=False)
else:
raise Exception('role error')
prompt_input_ids += input_ids
return prompt_input_ids
def __getitem__(self, index):
data = self.data_list[index]
data = json.loads(data)
chosen = data['chosen']
rejected = data['rejected']
assert len(chosen) == len(rejected)
# 判断第0个是否为system
if chosen[0]['role'] == 'system':
system = chosen[0]['content'].strip()
history = chosen[1:-1] # 对话上文
chosen, rejected = chosen[-1], rejected[-1]
else:
system = None
history = chosen[:-1] # 对话上文
chosen, rejected = chosen[-1], rejected[-1]
# build prompt
prompt_input_ids = self.build_prompt_input_ids(system, history)
# build response
if self.template_name in ['chatglm2', 'chatglm3']:
chosen_input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(chosen['content'], add_special_tokens=False) + [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
rejected_input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(rejected['content'], add_special_tokens=False) + [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
else:
chosen = self.assistant_format.format(content=chosen['content'], stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
rejected = self.assistant_format.format(content=rejected['content'], stop_token=self.tokenizer.eos_token)
chosen_input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(chosen, add_special_tokens=False)
rejected_input_ids = self.tokenizer.encode(rejected, add_special_tokens=False)
# truncate by max_seq_length
longer_response_length = max(len(chosen_input_ids), len(rejected_input_ids))
# if combined sequence is too long, truncate the prompt
if len(prompt_input_ids) + longer_response_length > self.max_seq_length:
max_prompt_length = max(self.max_prompt_length, self.max_seq_length - longer_response_length)
prompt_input_ids = prompt_input_ids[-max_prompt_length:]
# if that's still too long, truncate the response
if len(prompt_input_ids) + longer_response_length > self.max_seq_length:
chosen_input_ids = chosen_input_ids[: self.max_seq_length - len(prompt_input_ids)]
rejected_input_ids = rejected_input_ids[: self.max_seq_length - len(prompt_input_ids)]
chosen_labels = [-100] * len(prompt_input_ids) + chosen_input_ids
chosen_input_ids = prompt_input_ids + chosen_input_ids
rejected_labels = [-100] * len(prompt_input_ids) + rejected_input_ids
rejected_input_ids = prompt_input_ids + rejected_input_ids
assert len(chosen_labels) == len(chosen_input_ids)
assert len(rejected_labels) == len(rejected_input_ids)
inputs = dict(
prompt_input_ids=prompt_input_ids,
prompt_attention_mask=[1]*len(prompt_input_ids),
chosen_input_ids=chosen_input_ids,
chosen_attention_mask=[1]*len(chosen_input_ids),
chosen_labels=chosen_labels,
rejected_input_ids=rejected_input_ids,
rejected_attention_mask=[1]*len(rejected_input_ids),
rejected_labels=rejected_labels,
)
return inputs
# 为了适配DPOTrainer的接口
def map(self, func, **kwargs):
return self
component/loss.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Loss(object):
"""
所有loss的类父类
"""
def __call__(self, model, inputs, training_args, return_outputs=False):
"""
todo label smoothing
用于计算loss。
看源码发现，return_outputs=True为train时调用，return_outputs=False为eval和predict调用
:param model: 模型
:param inputs: 模型输入，dict
:param training_args: 训练配置参数
:param return_outputs:是否返回模型的输出
:return:
"""
raise NotImplemented
class TargetLMLoss(Loss):
def __init__(self, ignore_index):
super().__init__()
self.ignore_index = ignore_index
self.loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=ignore_index)
def __call__(self, model, inputs, training_args, return_outputs=False):
input_ids = inputs['input_ids']
attention_mask = inputs['attention_mask']
target_mask = inputs['target_mask']
# 模型前馈预测
outputs = model(input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, return_dict=True)
logits = outputs["logits"] if isinstance(outputs, dict) else outputs[0]
# 将labels中不属于target的部分，设为ignore_index，只计算target部分的loss
labels = torch.where(target_mask == 1, input_ids, self.ignore_index)
shift_logits = logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
# Flatten the tokens
loss = self.loss_fn(shift_logits.view(-1, shift_logits.size(-1)), shift_labels.view(-1))
return (loss, outputs) if return_outputs else loss
component/model.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
import transformers
from typing import Tuple, Union
import torch
from transformers.modeling_outputs import CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions, CausalLMOutputWithPast
from component.loss import TargetLMLoss
from transformers.utils import logging
logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
class BloomForCausalLM(transformers.BloomForCausalLM):
"""
继承自BloomForCausalLM，区别在于只计算target部分的loss
"""
def forward(
self,
input_ids=None,
past_key_values=None,
attention_mask=None,
labels=None,
target_mask=None,
position_ids=None,
head_mask=None,
inputs_embeds=None,
return_loss=False,
use_cache=None,
output_attentions=None,
output_hidden_states=None,
return_dict=None,
) -> Union[Tuple[torch.Tensor], CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]:
r"""
labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
`labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100`
are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`
"""
return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict
transformer_outputs = self.transformer(
input_ids,
past_key_values=past_key_values,
attention_mask=attention_mask,
position_ids=position_ids,
head_mask=head_mask,
inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
use_cache=use_cache,
output_attentions=output_attentions,
output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
return_dict=return_dict,
)
hidden_states = transformer_outputs[0]
lm_logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)
loss = None
if return_loss:
loss_fn = TargetLMLoss(ignore_index=self.config.pad_token_id)
loss = loss_fn(lm_logits, input_ids, target_mask)
if not return_dict:
output = (lm_logits,) + transformer_outputs[1:]
return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output
return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
loss=loss,
logits=lm_logits,
past_key_values=transformer_outputs.past_key_values,
hidden_states=transformer_outputs.hidden_states,
attentions=transformer_outputs.attentions,
)
component/template.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict
@dataclass
class Template:
template_name:str
system_format: str
user_format: str
assistant_format: str
system: str
stop_word: str
# stop_token_id: int
template_dict: Dict[str, Template] = dict()
def register_template(template_name, system_format, user_format, assistant_format, system, stop_word=None):
template_dict[template_name] = Template(
template_name=template_name,
system_format=system_format,
user_format=user_format,
assistant_format=assistant_format,
system=system,
stop_word=stop_word,
# stop_token_id=stop_token_id
)
# 注册template
register_template(
template_name='default',
system_format='System: {content}\n\n',
user_format='User: {content}\nAssistant: ',
assistant_format='{content} {stop_token}',
system=None,
stop_word=None
)
register_template(
template_name='internlm',
system_format="<|System|>:{content}\n",
user_format='<|User|>:{content}\n<|Bot|>:',
assistant_format='{content}</s>\n',
system="You are an AI assistant whose name is InternLM (书生·浦语).\n"
"- InternLM (书生·浦语) is a conversational language model that is developed by Shanghai AI Laboratory (上海人工智能实验室). It is designed to be helpful, honest, and harmless.\n"
"- InternLM (书生·浦语) can understand and communicate fluently in the language chosen by the user such as English and 中文.",
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='internlm2',
system_format='<|im_start|>system\n{content}<|im_end|>\n',
user_format='<|im_start|>user\n{content}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n',
assistant_format='{content}<|im_end|>\n',
system="You are an AI assistant whose name is InternLM (书生·浦语).\n"
"- InternLM (书生·浦语) is a conversational language model that is developed by Shanghai AI Laboratory (上海人工智能实验室). It is designed to be helpful, honest, and harmless.\n"
"- InternLM (书生·浦语) can understand and communicate fluently in the language chosen by the user such as English and 中文.",
stop_word='<|im_end|>'
)
register_template(
template_name='qwen',
system_format='<|im_start|>system\n{content}<|im_end|>\n',
user_format='<|im_start|>user\n{content}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n',
assistant_format='{content}<|im_end|>\n',
system="You are a helpful assistant.",
stop_word='<|im_end|>'
)
register_template(
template_name='yi',
system_format='<|im_start|>system\n{content}<|im_end|>\n',
user_format='<|im_start|>user\n{content}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n',
assistant_format='{content}<|im_end|>\n',
system=None,
stop_word='<|im_end|>'
)
register_template(
template_name="orion",
system_format='<s>',
user_format='Human: {content}\n\nAssistant: </s>',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system='',
stop_word='</s>',
)
register_template(
template_name='deepseek',
system_format=None,
user_format='User: {content}\n\nAssistant: ',
assistant_format='{content}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>',
system=None,
stop_word='<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'
)
# todo 更优雅的实现方式
register_template(
template_name='chatglm2',
system_format=None,
user_format='[Round {idx}]\n\n问：{content}\n\n答：',
assistant_format='{content}',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>',
)
register_template(
template_name='chatglm3',
system_format='{content}',
user_format='{content}',
assistant_format='{content}',
system="You are ChatGLM3, a large language model trained by Zhipu.AI. Follow the user's instructions carefully. Respond using markdown.",
stop_word='</s>',
)
register_template(
template_name='ziya2',
system_format=None,
user_format='<human>:{content} <bot>:',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>',
)
register_template(
template_name="xverse",
system_format=None,
user_format='Human: {content}\n\nAssistant: ',
assistant_format='{content}<|endoftext|>',
system=None,
stop_word='<|endoftext|>',
)
register_template(
template_name='minicpm',
system_format=None,
user_format='<用户>{content}<AI>',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='zephyr',
system_format='<|system|>\n{content}</s>',
user_format='<|user|>\n{content}</s>\n<|assistant|>\n',
assistant_format='{content}</s>\n',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='mistral',
system_format='<s>',
user_format='[INST]{content}[/INST]',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system='',
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='mixtral',
system_format='<s>',
user_format='[INST]{content}[/INST]',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system='',
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='baichuan',
system_format=None,
user_format='<reserved_102>{content}<reserved_103>',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='baichuan2',
system_format=None,
user_format='<reserved_106>{content}<reserved_107>',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system=None,
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='vicuna',
system_format='{content}\n',
user_format='USER: {content} ASSISTANT:',
assistant_format='{content}</s>',
system="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. "
"The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.",
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='llama2',
system_format='<<SYS>>\n{content}\n<</SYS>>\n\n',
user_format='[INST]{content}[/INST]',
assistant_format='{content} </s>',
system="You are a helpful, respectful and honest assistant. "
"Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. "
"Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, "
"racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. "
"Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature.\n\n"
"If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, "
"explain why instead of answering something not correct. "
"If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.",
stop_word='</s>'
)
register_template(
template_name='llama3',
system_format='<|begin_of_text|><|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n{content}<|eot_id|>',
user_format='<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n{content}<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n',
assistant_format='{content}<|eot_id|>',
system=None,
stop_word='<|eot_id|>'
)
register_template(
template_name='gemma',
system_format='<bos>',
user_format='<start_of_turn>user\n{content}<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\n',
assistant_format='{content}<eos>\n',
system='',
stop_word='<eos>'
)
register_template(
template_name='phi3',
system_format=None,
user_format='<|user|>\n{content}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>',
assistant_format='{content}<|end|>\n',
system=None,
stop_word='<|end|>'
)
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# model_name_or_path = ''
component/trainer.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
import transformers
from transformers import (
PreTrainedModel,
TrainingArguments,
DataCollator,
PreTrainedTokenizerBase,
EvalPrediction,
TrainerCallback,
)
from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, Any
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
from transformers.utils import (
logging,
)
from typing import Optional
import os
import torch
logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
# Name of the files used for checkpointing
TRAINING_ARGS_NAME = "training_args.bin"
TRAINER_STATE_NAME = "trainer_state.json"
OPTIMIZER_NAME = "optimizer.pt"
SCHEDULER_NAME = "scheduler.pt"
SCALER_NAME = "scaler.pt"
class Trainer(transformers.Trainer):
"""
主要修改逻辑：通过传入compute_loss，支持自定义loss计算方式
"""
def __init__(
self,
model: Union[PreTrainedModel, nn.Module] = None,
args: TrainingArguments = None,
data_collator: Optional[DataCollator] = None,
train_dataset: Optional[Dataset] = None,
eval_dataset: Optional[Dataset] = None,
tokenizer: Optional[PreTrainedTokenizerBase] = None,
model_init: Callable[[], PreTrainedModel] = None,
compute_metrics: Optional[Callable[[EvalPrediction], Dict]] = None,
callbacks: Optional[List[TrainerCallback]] = None,
optimizers: Tuple[torch.optim.Optimizer, torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR] = (None, None),
preprocess_logits_for_metrics: Callable[[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor] = None,
compute_loss=None,
):
super(Trainer, self).__init__(
model=model,
args=args,
data_collator=data_collator,
train_dataset=train_dataset,
eval_dataset=eval_dataset,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
model_init=model_init,
compute_metrics=compute_metrics,
callbacks=callbacks,
optimizers=optimizers,
preprocess_logits_for_metrics=preprocess_logits_for_metrics,
)
self.loss_func = compute_loss
def compute_loss(self, model, inputs, return_outputs=False):
"""
重写loss的计算方式
How the loss is computed by Trainer. By default, all models return the loss in the first element.
Subclass and override for custom behavior.
"""
if self.loss_func is None:
loss = super().compute_loss(model, inputs, return_outputs)
else:
loss = self.loss_func(model, inputs, self.args, return_outputs)
return loss
class LoRATrainer(Trainer):
"""
修改checkkpoint的保存逻辑，只保存lora
"""
def _save(self, output_dir: Optional[str] = None, state_dict=None):
# If we are executing this function, we are the process zero, so we don't check for that.
output_dir = output_dir if output_dir is not None else self.args.output_dir
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
logger.info(f"Saving model checkpoint to {output_dir}")
# 保存lora权重和配置
self.model.save_pretrained(
output_dir, state_dict=state_dict, safe_serialization=self.args.save_safetensors
)
if self.tokenizer is not None:
self.tokenizer.save_pretrained(output_dir)
# Good practice: save your training arguments together with the trained model
torch.save(self.args, os.path.join(output_dir, TRAINING_ARGS_NAME))
\ No newline at end of file
component/utils.py 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig
import torch
from peft import PeftModel
class ModelUtils(object):
@classmethod
def load_model(cls, model_name_or_path, load_in_4bit=False, adapter_name_or_path=None):
# 是否使用4bit量化进行推理
if load_in_4bit:
quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=True,
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
llm_int8_threshold=6.0,
llm_int8_has_fp16_weight=False,
)
else:
quantization_config = None
# 加载base model
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_name_or_path,
load_in_4bit=load_in_4bit,
trust_remote_code=True,
low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
device_map='auto',
quantization_config=quantization_config
)
# 加载adapter
if adapter_name_or_path is not None:
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, adapter_name_or_path)
return model
data/dummy_data.jsonl 0 → 100644
View file @ d74a64c4
{"conversation_id": 1, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何保障工作中遵循正确的安全准则？", "assistant": "为了保障工作中遵循正确的安全准则，以下是一些建议：\n\n1.了解相关安全规定和标准：了解相关的安全规定和标准，并遵守它们。这可以包括公司和政府的安全标准，以及行业标准和最佳实践。\n\n2.培训和教育：确保您和您的同事接受了必要的培训和教育，以了解正确的安全准则和行为。\n\n3.使用正确的工具和设备：确保您使用正确的工具和设备，并且它们得到了正确的维护和保养。\n\n4.个人防护装备：确保您和您的同事穿戴正确的个人防护装备，如安全鞋、透明眼镜或面罩、手套等。\n\n5.创建一个安全文化：鼓励个人对安全的责任感和意识，并创建一个安全文化，使人们始终关注他们自己和他人的安全。\n\n6.持续监测和改进：持续监测和改进安全准则和程序，以确保它们保持最新，并适应变化的情况。\n\n这些措施可以帮助您和您的同事在工作中保障正确的安全准则，确保您的工作场所是一个安全的环境。"}, {"human": "如何应对突发紧急情况？", "assistant": "突发紧急情况可能会在任何时间发生，为了应对这些情况，以下是一些建议：\n\n1.保持冷静：保持冷静和清醒，以便能够更好地应对情况。\n\n2.评估情况：评估紧急情况的性质和范围，以便了解应该采取哪些行动。\n\n3.触发应急计划：如果您的机构或公司有应急计划，立即触发它，并按照计划的步骤行动。\n\n4.联系相关人员：通知必要的人员，例如紧急服务、管理层或其他相关人员，并与他们保持联系。\n\n5.遵循安全准则：在处理紧急情况时，请遵循正确的安全准则，确保自己和其他人的安全。\n\n6.提供及时信息：尽快向相关人员提供准确的信息，以便他们能够做出正确的决策。\n\n7.合作应对：与其他人合作应对紧急情况并相互支持。\n\n总之，应对突发紧急情况需要保持冷静和清醒，评估情况并采取适当的行动。同时，需要遵循正确的安全准则，并与其他人合作应对紧急情况。"}, {"human": "在网络安全方面，如何避免遭受黑客攻击？", "assistant": "以下是一些避免遭受黑客攻击的建议：\n\n1.更新安全软件：确保您的操作系统、应用程序和安全软件是最新的，并随时更新它们。这可以帮助您及时发现和修复安全漏洞。\n\n2.使用强密码：使用强密码，包括字母、数字和特殊字符。不要使用容易猜测的密码，如生日、姓名或常用单词。\n\n3.使用多因素身份验证：使用多因素身份验证来增加账户的安全性，例如发送短信验证码或使用指纹识别。\n\n4.小心附件和链接：不要打开未知的附件或链接，因为它们可能包含恶意软件。\n\n5.备份重要文件：定期备份重要文件，并将其存储在安全的位置。\n\n6.保护个人信息：不要在互联网上公开个人信息，例如出生日期、地址或社交安全号码。\n\n7.使用加密连接：在访问敏感信息时，使用加密连接，如HTTPS。\n\n8.教育员工：向员工提供网络安全培训，并确保他们了解正确的安全措施和行为。\n\n总之，避免遭受黑客攻击需要采取多种措施，包括更新安全软件、使用强密码、使用多因素身份验证、小心附件和链接、备份重要文件、保护个人信息、使用加密连接以及教育员工。这些措施可以帮助您保护个人信息和数据免受黑客攻击。"}, {"human": "如何确保网络连接的安全性？", "assistant": "以下是一些确保网络连接安全性的建议：\n\n1.使用加密连接：使用加密连接，如HTTPS，以确保数据传输过程中不被窃听或篡改。\n\n2.使用防病毒软件：安装和更新防病毒软件，可以帮助检测和清除恶意软件。\n\n3.使用防火墙：使用防火墙保护网络和设备，可以帮助阻止未经授权的访问和攻击。\n\n4.禁止未经授权的访问：禁止未经授权的访问，包括限制网络访问和设备访问权限。\n\n5.定期更新操作系统和应用程序：定期更新操作系统和应用程序，以修复安全漏洞和缺陷。\n\n6.使用强密码：使用强密码，包括字母、数字和特殊字符，并定期更改密码。\n\n7.控制访问：控制访问网络和设备的人员，仅授权人员可访问重要资源。\n\n8.教育员工：向员工提供网络安全培训，并确保他们了解正确的安全措施和行为。\n\n总之，确保网络连接的安全性需要采取多种措施，包括使用加密连接、使用防病毒软件、使用防火墙、禁止未经授权的访问、定期更新操作系统和应用程序、使用强密码、控制访问和教育员工。这些措施可以帮助您保护网络和设备免受未经授权的访问和攻击。"}, {"human": "对于金融机构来说，如何保护客户的隐私和数据安全？", "assistant": "金融机构需要对客户的隐私和数据安全高度重视，以下是一些保护客户隐私和数据安全的建议：\n\n1.遵守合规要求：确保遵守所有适用的合规要求和监管标准，包括数据隐私法规和安全标准。\n\n2.加强身份验证：采用多因素身份验证，例如使用短信验证码、指纹识别等，以确保客户身份的真实性。\n\n3.加密敏感数据：使用加密技术对敏感数据进行加密，以保护客户信息不被未经授权的人员获得。\n\n4.建立安全控制：建立安全控制，包括访问控制、安全审计和安全事件响应，以保护客户信息的安全性。\n\n5.教育员工：向员工提供网络安全培训，并确保他们了解正确的安全措施和行为。\n\n6.定期测试：定期进行安全测试和漏洞扫描，以发现和修复潜在的安全漏洞。\n\n7.建立应急计划：建立应急计划，并对其进行定期测试，以确保在紧急情况下能够及时响应和恢复。\n\n总之，保护客户隐私和数据安全需要采取多种措施，包括遵守合规要求、加强身份验证、加密敏感数据、建立安全控制、教育员工、定期测试和建立应急计划。这些措施可以帮助金融机构保护客户信息的安全性和隐私。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 2, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What best practices should I follow when designing a website?", "assistant": "Here are some best practices to follow when designing a website:\n\n1. Keep it simple and easy to navigate: Make sure your website is easy to navigate and that visitors can find what they are looking for quickly.\n\n2. Use a responsive design: Ensure that your website is optimized for all devices and screen sizes, including mobile phones and tablets.\n\n3. Use high-quality images and graphics: Use high-quality images and graphics to make your website visually appealing.\n\n4. Use colors and fonts consistently: Choose colors and fonts that match your brand and use them consistently throughout your website.\n\n5. Make it easy to read: Use clear and concise language, and choose a font size and style that is easy to read.\n\n6. Use white space effectively: Use white space to make your website look less cluttered and easier to read.\n\n7. Ensure fast loading speeds: Optimize your website's loading speed to ensure that visitors don't have to wait long to access your content.\n\n8. Use SEO best practices: Optimize your website for search engines by using keywords, meta-descriptions, and other SEO best practices.\n\n9. Test your website: Regularly test your website to ensure that it is functioning properly and that any issues are addressed quickly.\n\nBy following these best practices, you can create a website that is user-friendly, visually appealing, and easy to navigate, and that effectively communicates your brand's message to your target audience."}, {"human": "How can I optimize my website's loading speed?", "assistant": "Here are some ways to optimize your website's loading speed:\n\n1. Minimize HTTP requests: Minimize the number of HTTP requests by reducing the number of files on your website, combining files, and using CSS sprites.\n\n2. Optimize images: Optimize your images by compressing them, reducing their size, and using the right file format.\n\n3. Use a content delivery network (CDN): Use a CDN to reduce the load time of your website by serving content from the nearest server to the user.\n\n4. Enable browser caching: Enable browser caching to store static files on the user's computer, which reduces the time it takes to load the website on subsequent visits.\n\n5. Minimize plugins and scripts: Minimize the number of plugins and scripts used on your website to reduce their impact on loading speed.\n\n6. Reduce server response time: Optimize your server response time by using a fast hosting provider, reducing the number of requests, and using caching and content compression.\n\n7. Use a fast theme or template: Use a fast theme or template that is well-optimized for speed.\n\n8. Minimize the use of redirects: Minimize the use of redirects, as they can slow down the loading speed of your website.\n\nBy following these tips, you can optimize your website's loading speed and create a better user experience for your visitors."}, {"human": "How can I make sure my website is optimized for search engines?", "assistant": "Here are some ways to optimize your website for search engines:\n\n1. Conduct keyword research: Conduct keyword research to identify the keywords and phrases that your target audience is using to search for your products or services.\n\n2. Use keywords in your content: Use your target keywords in your content, including in your titles, headings, meta descriptions, and body copy.\n\n3. Create high-quality content: Create high-quality, informative content that provides value to your target audience and encourages them to share it.\n\n4. Use meta descriptions and title tags: Use meta descriptions and title tags to provide a brief summary of your content and make it easier for search engines to understand what your website is about.\n\n5. Use header tags: Use header tags (H1, H2, H3, etc.) to organize your content and make it easier for search engines to understand the hierarchy of your content.\n\n6. Optimize images: Optimize your images by using descriptive filenames, alt tags, and captions that include your target keywords.\n\n7. Build high-quality backlinks: Build high-quality backlinks from reputable websites that are relevant to your niche.\n\n8. Use social media: Use social media to promote your content and build your online presence, which can help improve your search engine rankings.\n\n9. Make sure your website is mobile-friendly: Ensure that your website is optimized for mobile devices, as mobile-friendly websites tend to rank higher in search engine results.\n\nBy following these tips, you can optimize your website for search engines and improve your visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs)."}, {"human": "How can I improve my website's accessibility for people with disabilities?", "assistant": "Here are some ways to improve your website's accessibility for people with disabilities:\n\n1. Use descriptive and meaningful text for links: Use descriptive and meaningful text for links to help users understand where the link goes and what it does.\n\n2. Provide alternative text for images: Provide alternative text for images to help users with visual impairments understand the content of the image.\n\n3. Use headings and subheadings: Use headings and subheadings to structure your content and make it easier for screen readers to read.\n\n4. Use color with care: Use color with care and ensure that color is not the only way to convey information or distinguish between different elements on your website.\n\n5. Provide transcripts for audio and video content: Provide transcripts for audio and video content to help users with hearing impairments understand the content.\n\n6. Use clear and concise language: Use clear and concise language to make your content easy to understand for users with cognitive disabilities.\n\n7. Ensure the website is keyboard accessible: Ensure that your website is keyboard accessible to help users with motor disabilities navigate your website.\n\n8. Make sure your website is responsive: Ensure that your website is responsive and can be easily accessed on different devices and screen sizes.\n\n9. Use accessibility tools: Use accessibility tools such as screen readers, screen magnifiers, and other assistive technologies to test your website's accessibility.\n\nBy following these tips, you can make your website more accessible to people with disabilities and provide a better user experience for all users."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 3, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "怎样才能在有限的时间内学习新技能？", "assistant": "以下是一些有用的技巧，可以帮助您在有限的时间内学习新技能：\n\n1. 制定计划：在开始学习前，制定一个明确的学习计划，列出学习目标、时间表和学习资源。这样可以帮助您更好地组织和管理时间。\n\n2. 专注于重要的内容：在学习新技能时，要确保专注于最重要的内容。确定关键的概念和技能，然后将重点放在它们上面。\n\n3. 划分时间：将学习时间划分为几个短时间段，以便更容易保持专注。您可以在每个时间段之间休息一会儿，以便调整状态。\n\n4. 创造一个良好的学习环境：在学习过程中，创造一个安静、舒适和无干扰的学习环境，可以帮助您更好地集中注意力，提高效率。\n\n5. 利用工具和资源：使用适当的工具和资源，如教程、指南、在线课程等，可以帮助您更快地学习新技能。\n\n6. 练习和复习：在学习新技能时，一定要进行充分的练习和复习。多次重复学习可以帮助您更好地记住所学内容，并加深理解。\n\n7. 寻求帮助：如果您遇到困难或不理解的内容，请寻求帮助。您可以向导师、同事、朋友或网络社区寻求帮助。"}, {"human": "我正在学习编程，有没有一些针对初学者的在线教程推荐？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些针对初学者的在线编程教程：\n\n1. Codecademy：Codecademy是一家提供免费在线编程课程的网站，包括JavaScript、Python、HTML/CSS等语言的课程。课程以互动方式展现，使学习过程更加生动有趣。\n\n2. FreeCodeCamp：FreeCodeCamp是一家非营利性组织，提供免费的编程课程和项目，包括HTML/CSS、JavaScript、React等语言。学生可以通过完成项目来实践所学知识。\n\n3. Khan Academy：Khan Academy是一个以教育为目的的非营利性组织，提供各种在线课程，包括编程课程。该网站提供易于理解的视频教程，适合初学者学习。\n\n4. Udacity：Udacity提供各种在线编程课程，包括Python、Java、Android等语言。该网站提供免费和付费课程，学生可以通过练习和项目来实践所学知识。\n\n5. Coursera：Coursera是一个受欢迎的在线学习平台，提供各种编程课程，包括Python、Java、C++等语言。该网站提供免费和付费课程，学生可以通过作业和项目来实践所学知识。\n\n这些在线编程教程均为初学者提供了良好的学习资源。您可以根据自己的需求和兴趣选择合适的课程。"}, {"human": "我想学习Python编程语言，哪个在线教育平台提供的课程最适合我？", "assistant": "有许多在线教育平台提供Python编程语言的课程，以下是一些值得推荐的平台：\n\n1. Coursera：Coursera是一个受欢迎的在线学习平台，提供许多Python编程课程，包括Python基础、数据科学、机器学习等。该平台的Python课程来自全球顶尖大学和教育机构，质量较高。\n\n2. edX：edX是一个非营利性在线学习平台，合作伙伴包括麻省理工学院、哈佛大学等知名教育机构。edX提供的Python课程涵盖了从基础到高级的各个方面，包括数据科学、机器学习等。\n\n3. Udemy：Udemy是一个在线课程市场，提供各种Python编程课程，包括入门课程、Web开发、数据分析等。Udemy的Python课程由专业的编程教师提供，质量较高。\n\n4. Codecademy：Codecademy是一个提供免费编程课程的在线学习平台，提供Python编程课程。Codecademy的Python课程以互动方式呈现，适合初学者学习。\n\n5. Python官方文档：Python官方文档提供了详细的Python编程语言教程，包括基础语法、标准库、Web编程等。Python官方文档作为权威的学习资源，适合有编程基础的学生。\n\n您可以根据自己的需求和兴趣，选择最适合您的Python编程课程。"}, {"human": "我已经学习了一段时间的Python编程，有没有什么推荐的项目可以帮助我更好地实践所学知识？", "assistant": "当您已经掌握了一定的Python编程知识后，做一些项目可以帮助您更好地实践所学知识。以下是几个Python项目的推荐：\n\n1. 网络爬虫：使用Python编写网络爬虫可以帮助您了解网络数据的获取和处理。您可以从网站上收集数据，如新闻、图片、电影等，并对其进行分析。\n\n2. 数据可视化：Python的数据可视化库（如matplotlib、seaborn、plotly等）可以帮助您将数据可视化。您可以使用这些库创建各种图表和图形。\n\n3. 游戏开发：Python也可以用于游戏开发。您可以使用Python的Pygame库创建简单的游戏，并将其部署到桌面或移动设备中。\n\n4. 自然语言处理：Python的自然语言处理库（如NLTK、spaCy等）可以帮助您处理和分析文本数据。您可以使用这些库创建文本分类器、情感分析器等。\n\n5. 机器学习：Python的机器学习库（如Scikit-learn、TensorFlow等）可以帮助您构建和训练模型。您可以使用这些库开发各种机器学习应用程序，如图像识别、语音识别等。\n\n这些项目都涵盖了Python编程的不同领域，可以帮助您在实践中深入了解Python编程语言。选择一个您感兴趣的项目，并开始动手实践吧！"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 4, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何快速地改善我们团队之间的沟通？", "assistant": "要快速改善团队之间的沟通，以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 确定沟通方式：确定您的团队成员喜欢哪种沟通方式，如电子邮件、即时通讯、电话、面对面等。\n\n2. 促进开放式沟通：鼓励团队成员开放地讨论问题和分享想法，而不是保持沉默。这可以通过开会、定期检查和倾听反馈来实现。\n\n3. 保持清晰和简洁：确保您的沟通是清晰和简洁的。使用明确的语言和简短的句子，以避免混淆和误解。\n\n4. 建立信任和尊重：要建立一个良好的沟通氛围，需确保团队成员之间建立了信任和尊重。这可以通过分享经验、互相支持和诚实地与对方交流来实现。\n\n5. 使用技术工具：使用技术工具可以使沟通更加便捷和高效。例如，使用在线会议工具可以方便团队成员之间的远程沟通。\n\n6. 定期检查：定期检查团队成员之间的沟通方式，以确保它们是高效和有效的。这可以通过定期评估、反馈和讨论来实现。\n\n这些建议可以帮助您快速改善团队之间的沟通。记住，良好的沟通是一个建立成功团队的关键因素。"}, {"human": "我们团队中有一些担心在沟通过程中表达自己的想法可能会被他人反对或者不认同，你能给出一些建议吗？", "assistant": "当团队成员担心在沟通过程中表达自己的想法可能会被他人反对或者不认同时，以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 建立安全的沟通氛围：团队领导者应该建立一个安全的沟通氛围，鼓励团队成员自由表达自己的想法和意见，而不必担心被批评或被否定。这可以通过表扬和鼓励团队成员的想法、分享成功的案例以及提供建设性的反馈来实现。\n\n2. 培养自信心：建议团队成员积极参加培训和工作坊，以提高他们的自信心和信任自己的能力。这有助于鼓励他们更自信地表达自己的想法。\n\n3. 采用开放式沟通方式：开放式沟通方式可以帮助团队成员更容易地表达自己的想法和意见。此外，询问其他团队成员的看法和反馈也可以帮助降低担心的程度，因为这可以帮助团队成员更深入地了解问题和挑战。\n\n4. 了解其他人的观点：了解其他人的观点和想法可以帮助团队成员更好地表达自己的想法，并更好地理解其他人的观点和反馈。这可以通过倾听、问问题和互相交流来实现。\n\n5. 采用建设性的反馈方式：当团队成员表达自己的想法和意见时，其他团队成员应该采用建设性的反馈方式。这可以帮助团队成员更好地理解其他人的反馈，并提供有用的建议和建议。\n\n这些建议可以帮助团队成员更自信地表达自己的想法和意见，同时也可以促进良好的沟通和合作。"}, {"human": "如果团队中有成员在沟通时表现得不尊重其他人，应该如何处理？", "assistant": "如果团队中有成员在沟通时表现不尊重其他人，以下是一些处理建议：\n\n1. 直接面对问题：如果您注意到团队成员的不尊重行为，请直接面对问题。给予他们一个机会，让他们解释他们的行为，同时让他们知道你的担忧。通过这种方式，您可以帮助他们更好地理解他们的行为是如何影响整个团队的，以及他们如何改变他们的行为。\n\n2. 提供反馈：当您提供反馈时，要保持冷静和专业。使用“我语”描述您自己的感受，而不是指责或批评别人。例如，您可以说：“当你说话时，你经常打断别人。这让我感到不舒服，因为我觉得我的意见没有被重视。”\n\n3. 确定规则和期望：建议团队领导者在团队之间明确沟通规则和期望。这可以帮助团队成员更好地理解什么是可以接受的行为，以及什么是不可接受的行为。例如，领导者可以提醒团队成员要尊重对方，避免攻击性语言和不必要的指责。\n\n4. 提供培训和资源：如果成员在沟通方面遇到困难，建议领导者提供培训和资源，帮助他们更好地理解如何进行有效的和尊重的沟通。这可以包括沟通技巧和情感管理等方面的培训。\n\n5. 采取适当的行动：如果成员的不尊重行为继续存在，尽管已经提供了反馈和培训，领导者可能需要采取适当的行动，例如给予警告或采取其他适当的纪律措施。\n\n这些建议可以帮助团队成员更好地处理不尊重行为，同时也可以促进良好的沟通和合作。"}, {"human": "如果团队成员在沟通时出现误解，应该如何处理？", "assistant": "如果团队成员在沟通时出现误解，以下是一些处理建议：\n\n1. 澄清问题：当您注意到沟通误解时，建议您立即澄清问题。确认对方的意思，以确保您正确理解了他们的言论，以及他们正确理解了您的言论。这可以通过再次重复您的想法，询问对方的看法或提供更多的详细信息来实现。\n\n2. 倾听并理解：当您与其他成员沟通时，要确保您倾听他们的观点，并尽可能理解他们的立场和背景。这可以帮助您更好地理解他们的意图，并减少误解的可能性。\n\n3. 采用明确和简单的语言：建议您在沟通中使用明确和简单的语言。避免使用模棱两可或复杂的语言，因为这可能会导致更多的误解。使用简单而直接的语言可以帮助您更好地传达您的想法，并减少误解的可能性。\n\n4. 采用不同的沟通方式：使用不同的沟通方式可以帮助您更好地传达您的想法，并减少误解的可能性。如果您注意到您的沟通方式没有被理解或被误解，建议尝试使用其他沟通方式，例如电子邮件、即时消息或面对面会议等。\n\n5. 重视沟通：沟通是团队中非常重要的一部分。建议您花时间反思自己的沟通技巧，并提高您的沟通技巧。此外，建议您在团队中强调沟通的重要性，并鼓励其他成员也重视沟通。\n\n这些建议可以帮助您更好地处理沟通误解，并促进团队成员之间更好的沟通和合作。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 5, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What steps should I take to reduce taxes on my income?", "assistant": "There are several steps you can take to reduce taxes on your income:\n\n1. Contribute to a retirement account: Contributions to a traditional IRA or a 401(k) can reduce your taxable income and save you money on taxes.\n\n2. Itemize your deductions: If you have significant expenses such as mortgage interest, medical expenses, or charitable contributions, itemizing your deductions may reduce your taxable income.\n\n3. Take advantage of tax credits: Tax credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit or the Child Tax Credit, can reduce your tax bill dollar for dollar.\n\n4. Invest in tax-free or tax-deferred accounts: Investments in tax-free or tax-deferred accounts such as municipal bonds, Roth IRAs, or 529 plans can reduce your taxable income.\n\n5. Consider income splitting: If you are married, consider splitting income with your spouse to reduce your overall tax bill.\n\nIt’s important to consult with a tax professional or financial advisor to determine the best strategy for your specific situation."}, {"human": "Can you give me an example of a tax credit that can help reduce my taxes?", "assistant": "Sure! One example of a tax credit that can help reduce your taxes is the Child Tax Credit. This is a credit of up to $2,000 per child under the age of 17 that can be claimed on your tax return. To qualify for the full credit, your income must be below a certain threshold (currently $400,000 for married filing jointly, or $200,000 for all other filers).\n\nIf your income is above the threshold, you may still be eligible for a partial credit. The credit is partially refundable, meaning that if the credit exceeds your tax liability, you may receive a refund for the difference up to $1,400 per child.\n\nTo claim the Child Tax Credit, you must have a qualifying child who meets certain criteria, such as being a U.S. citizen, living with you for more than half the year, and being related to you.\n\nIt’s important to note that tax laws can change, so it’s always a good idea to check with a tax professional or use tax preparation software to ensure you are claiming all the credits and deductions you are eligible for."}, {"human": "Can you explain the difference between a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA?", "assistant": "Yes, I can explain the difference between a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA.\n\nA traditional IRA is a retirement account in which you can make pre-tax contributions, meaning you can deduct your contribution from your taxable income in the year you make it. The money in your traditional IRA grows tax-deferred, which means you won’t pay taxes on the earnings until you withdraw the money in retirement. When you withdraw money from a traditional IRA, it is taxed as ordinary income.\n\nA Roth IRA, on the other hand, is a retirement account in which you make after-tax contributions, meaning you don’t get a tax deduction for your contribution in the year you make it. However, the money in your Roth IRA grows tax-free, which means you won’t pay taxes on the earnings when you withdraw the money in retirement. Additionally, qualified withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free.\n\nThe difference between the two types of accounts is primarily when you pay taxes: with a traditional IRA, you pay taxes on the money when you withdraw it in retirement, while with a Roth IRA, you pay taxes on the money when you contribute to the account.\n\nIt’s important to note that both types of accounts have contribution limits and other rules, so it’s a good idea to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional to determine which type of account is best for your individual situation."}, {"human": "What is the contribution limit for a Roth IRA in 2021?", "assistant": "The contribution limit for a Roth IRA in 2021 is $6,000 for individuals under age 50, and $7,000 for those age 50 and above. This means that you can contribute up to $6,000 or $7,000 (depending on your age) per year to your Roth IRA, as long as your income falls below certain limits.\n\nIt’s important to note that contribution limits may change from year to year, so it’s always a good idea to check the current year’s limits before making any contributions. Additionally, there are income limits that determine whether you are eligible to contribute to a Roth IRA, and those limits can also change from year to year.\n\nIf you have any questions about Roth IRA contributions or eligibility, it’s a good idea to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional."}, {"human": "Can you explain the difference between a 401(k) and an IRA?", "assistant": "Yes, I can explain the difference between a 401(k) and an IRA.\n\nA 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax salary to the plan. Employers may also offer matching contributions up to a certain amount. The money in a 401(k) grows tax-deferred, meaning you won’t pay taxes on the earnings until you withdraw the money in retirement. Contributions to a 401(k) are subject to annual limits, which are set by the IRS.\n\nAn IRA, or individual retirement account, is a retirement account that you can set up on your own, outside of an employer-sponsored plan. IRAs come in two main types: traditional and Roth. A traditional IRA allows you to make pre-tax contributions, meaning you can deduct your contribution from your taxable income in the year you make it. The money in a traditional IRA grows tax-deferred, and you’ll pay taxes on the money when you withdraw it in retirement. With a Roth IRA, you make after-tax contributions, meaning you don’t get a tax deduction for your contribution in the year you make it. The money in a Roth IRA grows tax-free, and qualified withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free.\n\nThe main difference between a 401(k) and an IRA is that a 401(k) is an employer-sponsored plan, while an IRA is an individual retirement account that you set up on your own. Additionally, 401(k) plans may have higher contribution limits than IRAs, and employers may offer matching contributions or other incentives to encourage employees to participate in the plan.\n\nIt’s a good idea to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional to determine which type of account is best for your individual situation."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 6, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该如何有效安排时间？", "assistant": "您可以按照以下步骤有效安排时间：\n\n1. 制定计划：制定一个清晰的计划，包括您要完成的任务，所需时间和截止日期。\n\n2. 设置优先级：根据任务的紧急程度和重要性，设置优先级。将优先级高的任务放在首位。\n\n3. 设定目标：设定实际的、可量化的目标，并确保您在规定的时间内完成它们。\n\n4. 避免拖延：尽可能避免拖延。如果您发现自己有拖延倾向，可以尝试设置时间表，使用番茄工作法或其他拖延解决方案。\n\n5. 分配时间：将时间分配给每个任务，并确保您合理利用时间。\n\n6. 休息时间：不要过度工作，需要给自己留出一些休息时间。休息时间可以帮助您恢复精力，使您能够更有效地完成任务。\n\n7. 跟进进度：定期跟进进度并进行调整。如果您发现自己无法按计划完成任务，可以重新安排时间或重新分配优先级。\n\n希望这些建议可以帮助您有效安排时间。"}, {"human": "我听说过番茄工作法，可以请你详细介绍一下吗？", "assistant": "当然可以，番茄工作法是一种时间管理技巧，旨在帮助人们更有效地集中精力完成任务。它的基本步骤如下：\n\n1. 选择一个任务需要完成。\n\n2. 设定一个25分钟的计时器，这个时间段被称为“番茄时间”。\n\n3. 在这25分钟时间内，集中精力完成任务。不要让任何事情分散你的注意力，包括社交媒体、手机电话等。\n\n4. 当25分钟时间到了以后，停止工作并把这个任务标记为“完成”。\n\n5. 休息5分钟。\n\n6. 重复上述步骤，每完成四个“番茄时间”后，休息15-30分钟。\n\n番茄工作法的优点是让人们更容易集中精力完成任务，减少分心和拖延，同时也有一个休息时间的规划，可以让人们更好地管理时间和精力。而且通过设定时间段来完成任务，可以让人们更好地了解自己的工作效率，从而更好的规划时间和任务。"}, {"human": "我觉得我在使用番茄工作法后，集中注意力的效果并不好。有什么其他方法可以提高我的专注度吗？", "assistant": "除了番茄工作法，还有其他一些方法可以帮助您提高专注度：\n\n1. 手机和社交媒体静音：关闭手机通知，并尽可能减少社交媒体的使用。\n\n2. 分配时间：将一定的时间段分配给特定的任务，并尽可能避免其他干扰。\n\n3. 使用番茄工作法的变体：您可以尝试使用更短或更长的时间段，根据自己的工作习惯进行调整。\n\n4. 避免多任务处理：尽可能避免同时处理多个任务，这样会分散您的注意力。\n\n5. 通过音乐来提高专注度：一些人通过听音乐来提高专注度，可以尝试一些专注力音乐，例如自然声音或轻音乐。\n\n6. 进行适当的休息：适当的休息可以帮助您恢复精力，提高工作效率。您可以尝试每50分钟工作25分钟休息的方法。\n\n希望这些方法可以帮助您提高专注度，提高工作效率。"}, {"human": "我发现我的工作常常被不断的通知打扰，你有什么方法可以帮我解决这个问题吗？", "assistant": "当您被不断的通知打扰时，可以尝试以下方法来解决这个问题：\n\n1. 静音或关闭通知：您可以在工作期间静音或关闭通知，以避免被不必要的信息所干扰。\n\n2. 设置优先级：将通知的优先级设置为高或低，以便在工作期间只接收重要的信息。\n\n3. 定期检查通知：定期检查通知，而不是每次通知到来时立刻去查看，以避免分散您的注意力。\n\n4. 使用专业工具：使用专业工具来帮助您管理通知，例如，将所有通知整合到一个应用程序中，并设置定时查看通知的功能。\n\n5. 和同事沟通：如果您的工作需要与同事合作，可以和他们沟通，尝试减少不必要的通知。\n\n6. 设定工作时间：尽可能在工作时间内集中精力完成任务，以便在工作时间外放松身心，避免被通知打扰。\n\n希望这些方法可以帮助您解决被通知打扰的问题，提高工作效率。"}, {"human": "我经常会感到焦虑和压力，有什么方法可以帮助我缓解这些情绪吗？", "assistant": "当您感到焦虑和压力时，可以尝试以下方法来缓解这些情绪：\n\n1. 呼吸练习：深呼吸可以帮助您放松身心，减轻压力和焦虑。您可以尝试每天进行几次深呼吸练习，每次持续几分钟。\n\n2. 体育锻炼：适当的体育锻炼可以帮助您释放压力和焦虑，并提高身体素质。您可以尝试每天进行一些简单的锻炼，例如快走、瑜伽等。\n\n3. 改变思维方式：尝试改变您的思维方式，将焦虑和压力转化为积极的思考方式。例如，您可以将焦虑和压力看作是挑战，而不是威胁。\n\n4. 找到支持者：找到一些信任的人，与他们分享您的感受和想法，他们可以给您支持和建议。\n\n5. 调整工作和生活平衡：尽可能平衡您的工作和生活，避免过度工作或生活。\n\n6. 寻求专业帮助：如果您的焦虑和压力无法得到缓解，可以寻求专业帮助。医生或心理学家可以为您提供帮助和支持。\n\n希望这些方法可以帮助您缓解焦虑和压力，提高生活质量和工作效率。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 7, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该如何确保我的产品定价是公平的？", "assistant": "确定产品定价时，您可以考虑以下因素来确保定价是公平的：\n\n1. 成本：了解产品的生产成本、运营成本和销售成本，以确保您的产品定价能够覆盖这些成本，并为您的企业带来足够的利润。\n\n2. 市场需求：了解市场需求和竞争情况，以便您能够制定一个合理的价格，既不会过高也不会过低。\n\n3. 顾客价值：考虑顾客的需求和价值观，以制定一个公平的价格，这样顾客才会感到您的产品是物有所值的。\n\n4. 价格策略：考虑采用不同的价格策略，如折扣、套餐、优惠券等，以吸引不同的顾客群体。\n\n5. 定价透明：确保您的定价策略是透明的，顾客可以清楚地了解您的产品定价是如何制定的。\n\n通过考虑这些因素，您可以确保您的产品定价是公平的，并且能够吸引到更多的顾客。"}, {"human": "我的产品竞争对手定价比我低，该怎么办？", "assistant": "如果您的产品竞争对手的定价比您低，您可以考虑以下几种策略：\n\n1. 降低成本：了解您的产品成本结构，找到可以降低成本的方法，例如降低原材料成本、减少人工成本等，从而降低产品定价。\n\n2. 提高产品质量：提高产品质量，增加独特的价值，使您的产品更有吸引力，从而提高产品的定价。\n\n3. 优化定价策略：考虑采用不同的定价策略，例如优惠券、折扣等，以吸引更多的顾客。\n\n4. 提高品牌知名度：通过广告、营销等方式提高品牌知名度，增加品牌的价值感，使得您的产品在顾客心目中的价值更高，从而提高产品定价。\n\n5. 增加产品附加值：通过增加产品的附加值，例如增加售后服务、增加保修期等，使您的产品更具有吸引力，从而提高产品定价。\n\n总之，您可以通过不同的策略来应对竞争对手定价低的情况，从而提高您的产品的竞争力和定价。"}, {"human": "我如何判断我的产品是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价？", "assistant": "判断您的产品是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价，可以从以下几个方面考虑：\n\n1. 竞争环境：了解您的产品在市场上的竞争情况，包括同类产品的价格、品质、销售渠道等，以便比较出您的产品的附加值是否足够支持定价。\n\n2. 产品特点：了解您的产品的特点，包括品质、功能、设计、售后服务等，从而判断您的产品是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价。\n\n3. 目标客户：了解您的目标客户的需求和购买意愿，以便确定您的产品是否符合他们的需要，并且是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价。\n\n4. 市场反馈：通过市场反馈或者消费者调查等方式，了解消费者对您的产品的评价和态度，从而判断您的产品是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价。\n\n综上所述，您可以通过市场调研、了解产品特点、目标客户和市场反馈等方式来判断您的产品是否具有足够的附加值来支持定价。同时，您还可以通过细化产品的附加值、增加品牌知名度等方式来提高产品的附加值，从而支持更高的定价。"}, {"human": "除了市场调研和消费者反馈，还有哪些方法可以帮助我判断我的产品是否符合目标客户的需求？", "assistant": "除了市场调研和消费者反馈，还可以采用以下方法来判断您的产品是否符合目标客户的需求：\n\n1. 用户画像：通过用户画像分析，了解目标客户的特点、需求、喜好等，从而确定产品的特性和功能是否符合他们的需求。\n\n2. 竞争分析：了解竞争对手的产品特点和市场表现，发现目标客户对于同类产品的偏好和需求，从而确定产品的差异化和优势。\n\n3. 产品测试：通过对目标客户进行产品测试，了解他们的反馈和意见，从而改进和优化产品，使其更符合他们的需求。\n\n4. 专家评审：请行业专家或领域内的人士对产品进行评审，从专业的角度出发，分析产品的特点、优势和不足之处，从而确定产品是否符合目标客户的需求。\n\n5. 社交媒体：通过社交媒体等渠道，了解目标客户的观点、看法和需求，从而确定产品的特性和功能是否符合他们的需求。\n\n总之，以上这些方法可以帮助您更好地了解目标客户的需求和喜好，从而确定产品的特性和功能是否符合他们的需求。同时，在产品开发的过程中，您可以结合市场调研、消费者反馈和上述方法，不断优化和改进产品，提高其符合目标客户的需求程度。"}, {"human": "我应该如何在产品设计中考虑环境保护因素？", "assistant": "在产品设计中考虑环境保护因素，可以采用以下几个方面的策略：\n\n1. 生命周期分析：在产品设计之前，进行生命周期分析，了解产品在生产、使用和处理过程中对环境的影响，从而找到减少环境影响的方法和策略。\n\n2. 材料选择：选择环保材料，例如可生物降解材料、可回收材料等，减少使用对环境有害的材料。\n\n3. 节能设计：在产品设计中考虑节能设计，例如使用节能器件、采用低功耗技术等，减少能源消耗，降低碳排放。\n\n4. 简化设计：简化产品设计，减少材料和能源的使用，降低产品对环境的影响。\n\n5. 循环利用：设计产品时考虑产品的可回收性和可再利用性，例如设计产品的拆卸和回收工艺，从而减少浪费和环境污染。\n\n6. 绿色包装：在产品包装设计中采用环保材料，例如使用可生物降解的包装材料，减少包装的使用和浪费。\n\n综上所述，您可以在产品设计中采用上述策略和方法，从而减少产品对环境的影响，提高产品的环保性，符合消费者对环保的需求和期望，同时也有助于企业树立环保形象，增强市场竞争力。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 8, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何有效地利用客户信息来进行市场营销？", "assistant": "要有效地利用客户信息来进行市场营销，可以采取以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 收集客户信息：通过各种方式收集客户信息，例如在网站上收集注册信息、通过社交媒体收集用户行为信息等等。\n\n2. 分析客户信息：对收集到的信息进行分析，了解客户的需求、兴趣和行为习惯等等。通过分析客户信息，可以更好地了解目标客户，并根据这些信息制定相应的市场营销策略。\n\n3. 制定营销策略：根据客户信息制定相应的市场营销策略。例如，在向客户发送邮件时，可以根据客户的兴趣和需求定制邮件内容，提高邮件打开率和点击率。\n\n4. 进行营销活动：执行制定的市场营销策略，例如发送定制邮件、提供优惠券、推出新产品等等。通过营销活动，可以吸引更多的客户，并提高客户忠诚度。\n\n5. 监测效果：对市场营销活动的效果进行监测和评估，了解哪些策略有效，哪些策略需要调整或改进。通过这种方式，可以不断提高市场营销效果，吸引更多的客户并提高客户满意度。"}, {"human": "在分析客户信息时，应该关注哪些方面？", "assistant": "在分析客户信息时，应该关注以下方面：\n\n1. 个人信息：客户的基本信息，包括姓名、年龄、性别、地理位置、职业等等。这些信息可以帮助企业了解目标客户的基本特征。\n\n2. 购买历史：客户的购买历史可以帮助企业了解客户的购买习惯、偏好和需求。通过分析购买历史，企业可以了解哪些产品或服务最受客户欢迎，并制定相应的市场营销策略。\n\n3. 行为数据：客户在网站或社交媒体上的行为数据，例如点击、浏览、评论等等。这些数据可以帮助企业了解客户的兴趣、偏好和行为习惯，从而更好地进行市场营销。\n\n4. 反馈数据：客户的反馈数据，例如客户的投诉、建议等等。通过分析反馈数据，企业可以了解客户对产品或服务的满意度，并及时改进产品或服务，提高客户满意度。\n\n5. 社会化数据：客户在社交媒体上的活动数据，例如客户的分享、点赞、评论等等。通过分析社会化数据，企业可以了解客户的社交影响力和口碑，从而更好地进行市场营销。\n\n通过综合分析以上方面的客户信息，企业可以更好地了解目标客户，制定相应的市场营销策略，提高市场营销效果。"}, {"human": "如何利用社交媒体数据进行精准营销？", "assistant": "利用社交媒体数据进行精准营销可以采取以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 收集社交媒体数据：通过社交媒体分析工具等方式，收集目标客户在社交媒体上的各种数据，包括用户信息、兴趣、行为等等。\n\n2. 分析社交媒体数据：对收集到的社交媒体数据进行分析，了解目标客户的兴趣、需求和行为习惯等等。例如，分析客户在社交媒体上的关注领域、点赞和评论的内容等等。\n\n3. 根据分析结果制定营销策略：根据对社交媒体数据的分析结果，制定相应的营销策略。例如，在社交媒体上发布定制化的广告，提供符合用户兴趣和需求的产品或服务。\n\n4. 利用社交媒体平台进行广告投放：利用社交媒体平台提供的广告投放功能，将定制化的广告投放给目标客户。社交媒体平台通常提供准确的广告投放选项，例如根据兴趣、年龄、性别、地理位置等等进行定向投放。\n\n5. 监测广告效果：通过社交媒体分析工具等方式，监测广告的效果，了解广告的曝光率、点击率、转化率等等。根据监测结果对广告进行调整和优化，提高广告的效果。\n\n通过以上步骤，可以利用社交媒体数据进行精准营销，提高营销效果和客户满意度。"}, {"human": "如何评估市场营销策略的有效性？", "assistant": "要评估市场营销策略的有效性，可以采用以下几个方法：\n\n1. 监测销售额：市场营销策略的主要目的是提高销售额，因此通过监测销售额来评估市场营销策略的有效性是一种常见的方法。监测销售额可以通过销售数据、订单数量、交易额等等来实现。\n\n2. 调查客户满意度：市场营销策略的另一个目的是提高客户满意度，因此通过调查客户满意度来评估市场营销策略的有效性也是一种常见的方法。可以通过在线调查、电话调查、邮件调查等方式进行客户满意度调查。\n\n3. 监测网站流量：如果市场营销策略的目的是提高网站流量，那么可以通过监测网站流量来评估市场营销策略的有效性。通过监测网站流量，可以了解访问网站的人数、页面访问量、跳出率等等。\n\n4. 监测社交媒体活动：如果市场营销策略的目的是提高社交媒体活动，那么可以通过监测社交媒体活动来评估市场营销策略的有效性。可以通过社交媒体分析工具等方式监测社交媒体活动，例如点赞、评论、分享等等。\n\n5. 分析竞争对手：通过分析竞争对手的市场营销策略，了解竞争对手的市场营销效果，并根据分析结果来评估自己的市场营销策略的有效性。可以通过竞品分析工具等方式进行竞争对手分析。\n\n通过以上方法，可以评估市场营销策略的有效性，及时调整策略，提高市场营销效果。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 9, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What strategies should I use to focus better while studying?", "assistant": "Here are some strategies that can help you focus better while studying:\n\n1. Create a conducive environment: Find a quiet, distraction-free location to study. Make sure the lighting is appropriate, and the temperature is comfortable.\n\n2. Set a study schedule: Create a study schedule that works for you and stick to it. This helps you stay focused and avoids procrastination.\n\n3. Take breaks: Taking short breaks between study sessions can help you stay focused and retain information better.\n\n4. Eliminate distractions: Turn off your phone, log out from social media, and avoid any other distractions that can prevent you from concentrating.\n\n5. Use active learning techniques: Use active learning techniques such as note-taking, summarizing, and teaching others to help you stay engaged.\n\n6. Stay motivated: Set goals for yourself and reward yourself when you achieve them. This can help you stay motivated and focused.\n\n7. Get enough sleep and exercise: A healthy lifestyle can help you stay alert and focused while studying. Make sure you get enough sleep and exercise regularly.\n\nRemember, every individual is different, and what works for one person may not work for another. Find what works best for you and stick to it."}, {"human": "Can you give me some examples of active learning techniques that I can use while studying?", "assistant": "Sure! Here are some examples of active learning techniques that you can use while studying:\n\n1. Summarizing: Summarize the main ideas in your own words. This helps you retain the information better.\n\n2. Note-taking: Take notes while you’re reading or listening to lectures. This helps you focus your attention and remember the key points.\n\n3. Teaching: Explain the concepts you’ve learned to someone else. This helps you understand the material better and identify areas where you need further clarification.\n\n4. Practice questions: Complete practice questions or quizzes to test your understanding of the material.\n\n5. Mnemonics: Use mnemonics (memory aids) to help you remember important information. For example, using acronyms or visual associations.\n\n6. Group study: Study with a group of peers and share your knowledge with each other. This helps you learn from different perspectives and keeps you motivated.\n\n7. Mind mapping: Create visual diagrams or mind maps to organize information and understand the relationships between different concepts.\n\nRemember, using a combination of different active learning techniques can help you to better understand and retain information."}, {"human": "How can I incorporate active learning techniques while studying for math?", "assistant": "Math is a subject that requires a lot of practice, so incorporating active learning techniques can be very helpful in mastering the concepts. Here are some ways you can use active learning techniques while studying for math:\n\n1. Practice problems: Math requires a lot of practice to master the concepts. Solve practice problems and work through examples to reinforce your understanding of the material.\n\n2. Explain concepts: Explain the math concepts you’ve learned to someone else. This helps you solidify your understanding and identify areas where you need further clarification.\n\n3. Create flashcards: Create flashcards for formulas, equations, and definitions. Use them to quiz yourself and help you memorize the material.\n\n4. Write out explanations: Write out explanations of the steps you took to solve a problem. This helps you identify areas where you may have made mistakes and reinforce your understanding of the material.\n\n5. Work in groups: Study with a group of peers and work through problems together. This helps you learn from different perspectives and keeps you motivated.\n\n6. Use online resources: There are many online resources available for math, including interactive tutorials and videos. Use them to reinforce your understanding of the material.\n\nRemember, math can be challenging, but incorporating active learning techniques can help you to better understand and retain the material."}, {"human": "How can I manage my time effectively while studying for multiple exams?", "assistant": "Managing your time effectively while studying for multiple exams can be challenging, but here are some tips that can help:\n\n1. Create a study schedule: Make a schedule that outlines your study sessions for each subject. Consider your other commitments and allocate sufficient time for each subject.\n\n2. Prioritize the most important exams: Determine which exams are the most important and allocate more study time to these subjects.\n\n3. Break down the material: Break down the material into smaller, manageable chunks. This makes it easier to study and makes the task less overwhelming.\n\n4. Use study aids: Use study aids such as flashcards or summary notes to help you study more efficiently.\n\n5. Avoid multitasking: Avoid multitasking and focus on one subject at a time. This helps you to concentrate better and retain information more effectively.\n\n6. Take breaks: Taking regular breaks between study sessions can help you to stay focused and avoid burnout.\n\n7. Review regularly: Regularly review your notes and study materials to reinforce your understanding of the material.\n\n8. Stay organized: Keep your study materials organized and easily accessible. This saves time and helps you to focus on studying rather than searching for materials.\n\nRemember, effective time management is crucial when studying for multiple exams. By creating a study schedule, breaking down the material, prioritizing tasks, and staying organized, you can manage your time effectively and achieve better results."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 10, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "请问怎样避免在项目中出现拖延？", "assistant": "避免拖延的方法有很多，以下是一些可行的建议：\n\n1. 制定计划和时间表：在项目开始时，制定一个详细的计划和时间表，包括每个任务的截止日期和所需时间。这样可以确保您有足够的时间来完成每个任务，并且能够更好地管理时间。\n\n2. 分解任务：将大型任务分解成更小、更具体的任务，这样您就可以更好地管理时间和进度。通过分解任务，您可以更好地掌握每个任务的优先级和所需时间。\n\n3. 减少干扰：在工作期间，尽量避免干扰和分心。关闭手机通知，将电子邮件通知设置为仅在特定时间显示，避免与同事过多的交流等。\n\n4. 留出缓冲时间：在计划和时间表中留出一些缓冲时间，以便在出现紧急情况或出现延误时进行调整。\n\n5. 与他人交流：如果您预计无法按时完成任务，请及早与团队成员或领导进行沟通。这样可以确保团队明确任务的状态，并且可以及时调整计划和时间表。\n\n6. 奖励自己：在完成重要任务或任务阶段后，给自己一个小小的奖励，这样可以提高自我动力，鼓励自己更好地管理时间和计划。"}, {"human": "对于一个团队来说，如何协调成员的进度和时间表？", "assistant": "协调团队成员的进度和时间表是团队管理的重要方面。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 确定任务和优先级：确定团队需要完成的任务，将它们分解成更小的任务，并确定每个任务的优先级。这有助于团队成员了解哪些任务更重要，需要更多的时间和资源。\n\n2. 制定时间表：根据任务和优先级，制定一个时间表和截止日期。确保每个团队成员都知道自己需要在何时完成任务。\n\n3. 留出缓冲时间：在时间表中留出一些缓冲时间，以便团队成员可以在出现延误时进行调整。\n\n4. 确定团队成员的可用时间：了解每个团队成员的可用时间，例如他们是否有其他项目或任务需要完成。这有助于制定更合理的时间表，并避免出现时间冲突。\n\n5. 沟通和协调：定期与团队成员进行沟通，了解任务的进度和状态。如果有延误或出现问题，及时进行协调和调整时间表。\n\n6. 使用项目管理工具：使用项目管理工具如Trello、Asana等，可以帮助团队成员共享任务和时间表，并确保每个人都了解任务的状态和优先级。"}, {"human": "对于团队协作中出现的冲突，有什么好的解决方法吗？", "assistant": "团队协作中出现的冲突是非常常见的，以下是一些解决方法：\n\n1. 沟通：通过沟通，了解每个人的观点和利益，尝试达成共识。在沟通中要保持冷静，尊重他人的意见，以及表达自己的观点。\n\n2. 寻求中立的第三方：如果冲突无法通过沟通解决，可以寻求一个中立的第三方来帮助解决问题。这个第三方可以是团队领导、人事部门或其他人。\n\n3. 找出根本原因：为了解决冲突，需要找出背后的根本原因。只有了解了根本原因，才能找到解决方法。\n\n4. 寻找妥协方案：寻找妥协方案是解决冲突的另一种方法。通过找到双方都能接受的方案，可以解决冲突并维持团队的和谐。\n\n5. 集体决策：对于一些重要的决策，可以通过集体决策来解决冲突。这可以确保每个人都有机会发表意见，并在团队中达成共识。\n\n6. 接受和解：如果无法通过其他方法解决冲突，那么双方都需要接受和解。这意味着双方都需要放下过去的不满和情绪，重新开始合作。"}, {"human": "请问如何处理团队成员的低效率问题？", "assistant": "处理团队成员的低效率问题需要考虑以下几个方面：\n\n1.了解原因：了解低效率的原因是解决问题的第一步。可能有多种原因导致低效率，例如缺乏技能、缺乏经验、不明确的任务、缺乏资源等。只有了解原因，才能有针对性地解决问题。\n\n2.提供培训和支持：如果低效率是由于缺乏技能或经验导致的，可以提供必要的培训和支持，帮助团队成员提高技能水平和工作效率。\n\n3.明确任务和目标：为了避免团队成员低效率，任务和目标必须清晰明确。如果任务和目标不清晰，可能会导致团队成员浪费时间和精力，无法有效地完成任务。\n\n4.提供必要的资源：低效率可能是由于缺乏必要的资源导致的。为了提高工作效率，必须为团队成员提供必要的资源，例如技术支持、工具和设备等。\n\n5.制定时间表：制定时间表可以帮助团队成员更好地管理时间和任务。时间表应该明确任务的截止日期和所需时间，以及任务的优先顺序。\n\n6.定期反馈和评估：定期反馈和评估可以帮助团队成员了解自己的工作表现，并找到提高效率的方法。通过定期反馈和评估，可以发现问题并及时解决。"}, {"human": "请问在协作工具选择上有哪些建议？", "assistant": "在选择协作工具时，需要根据团队的需求和特点，选择最适合的工具。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 考虑团队规模：不同大小的团队需要不同的协作工具。如果团队规模很小，可以选择一些简单易用的工具，例如Trello、Google Keep等。如果团队规模较大，需要更为复杂的协作工具，例如Asana、Jira等。\n\n2. 考虑团队地理位置：如果团队的成员分布在不同的地理位置，需要选择支持远程协作的工具，例如Slack、Microsoft Teams等。\n\n3. 考虑团队的需求：不同的团队有不同的需求。需要选择具有适当功能的工具，例如任务管理、文档共享、时间追踪、沟通等。\n\n4. 可扩展性：选择具有可扩展性的工具，以便在团队成员增加或需求变化时，可以轻松地添加新用户或功能。\n\n5. 数据安全性：选择具有良好数据安全性的工具，以确保团队的数据和信息不会丢失或泄露。\n\n6. 价格和可用性：选择价格合理且易于使用的工具。可以选择一些免费的工具，例如Trello和Google Keep，或者付费的工具，例如Asana和Jira。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 11, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该如何为自己制定合理的时间表？", "assistant": "制定一个合理的时间表需要考虑以下几点：\n\n1. 了解自己的日常生活：了解你每天的工作、学习和生活习惯，以及需要完成的任务和活动。\n\n2. 列出所有的任务和活动：将所有需要完成的任务和活动列出来，包括时间和地点。\n\n3. 分配时间：为每项任务和活动分配时间，考虑到每项任务需要的时间和优先级。\n\n4. 考虑休息时间：休息时间同样重要，要为自己留出足够的时间来放松和恢复精力。\n\n5. 跟踪进度：跟踪每项任务的进度，及时调整时间表。\n\n6. 保持灵活性：时间表只是一个指南，要保持灵活性，以应对突发情况和优先级变化。\n\n总之，一个合理的时间表需要基于你的日常生活和任务，合理分配时间，并保持灵活性和跟踪进度。"}, {"human": "你能给我一些更具体的例子来帮助我制定时间表吗？", "assistant": "当然可以，以下是一些制定时间表的具体例子：\n\n1. 工作日时间表：\n\n- 早上7:00-8:00：锻炼身体\n- 早上8:00-9:00：吃早餐、洗漱\n- 早上9:00-12:00：工作\n- 中午12:00-13:00：午餐、休息\n- 下午13:00-18:00：工作\n- 晚上18:00-19:00：晚餐\n- 晚上19:00-20:00：学习或娱乐\n- 晚上20:00-22:00：休息或自由时间\n- 晚上22:00-23:00：洗漱、准备睡眠\n\n2. 学生日时间表：\n\n- 早上6:30-7:30：锻炼身体、洗漱\n- 早上7:30-8:30：吃早餐\n- 早上8:30-12:00：上课或自习\n- 中午12:00-13:30：午餐、休息\n- 下午13:30-17:00：上课或自习\n- 下午17:00-18:00：锻炼身体、放松\n- 晚上18:00-19:00：晚餐\n- 晚上19:00-22:00：学习\n- 晚上22:00-23:00：洗漱、准备睡眠\n\n3. 自由职业者时间表：\n\n- 早上7:00-8:00：锻炼身体、放松\n- 早上8:00-9:00：吃早餐、洗漱\n- 早上9:00-12:00：工作\n- 中午12:00-13:00：午餐、休息\n- 下午13:00-16:00：工作\n- 下午16:00-17:00：休息、放松\n- 晚上17:00-19:00：工作\n- 晚上19:00-20:00：晚餐、休息\n- 晚上20:00-22:00：学习或娱乐\n- 晚上22:00-23:00：洗漱、准备睡眠\n\n以上时间表仅供参考，您可以根据自己的需要和情况进行调整。重要的是要保持时间表的合理性和灵活性，以达到高效和愉悦的生活状态。"}, {"human": "我的时间表中还需要考虑如何分配社交活动和家庭生活，你有什么建议吗？", "assistant": "当然，社交活动和家庭生活同样重要，以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 社交活动：\n\n- 将社交活动列入时间表：将社交活动列入时间表，并分配时间，以确保你有足够的时间与朋友和家人交流。\n- 设定优先级：考虑哪些社交活动对你最重要，将它们放在时间表的前面。\n- 灵活性：要保持灵活性，以应对紧急情况和优先级变化。如果你需要取消某个社交活动，要及时通知对方并安排另一个时间。\n\n2. 家庭生活：\n\n- 计划家庭活动：将家庭活动列入时间表，并分配时间，比如周末一起做饭、看电影或者户外活动等。\n- 分配家务时间：将家务活动列入时间表，并分配时间，比如打扫卫生、洗衣服等。你可以与家人分担家务，以减轻自己的负担。\n- 保持联系：要保持与家人的联系，即使你忙于工作或学习，也要抽出时间与他们交流，比如每天晚上打电话或视频聊天。\n\n总之，社交活动和家庭生活同样重要，要将它们列入时间表中，并分配时间。同时保持灵活性和与家人的联系，以获得高效和愉悦的生活状态。"}, {"human": "如何处理突发事件对我的时间表的影响？", "assistant": "突发事件是生活中无法避免的，它们可能会打乱你的时间表，下面是一些处理突发事件的建议：\n\n1. 优先级：首先确定突发事件的优先级，如果它是紧急的或非常重要的，那么你需要立即处理它，即使这意味着推迟其他任务或活动。\n\n2. 调整时间表：如果突发事件需要花费较长时间处理，那么你需要调整你的时间表，以便在处理完突发事件后能够恢复正常的工作和生活。\n\n3. 保持灵活性：时间表只是一个指南，要保持灵活性，以适应突发事件和优先级的变化。如果你需要改变时间表，要及时通知相关人员。\n\n4. 重新安排任务和活动：如果突发事件导致你无法按计划完成任务或活动，那么你需要重新安排它们，以确保它们能够在最短时间内得到完成。\n\n5. 放松心态：处理突发事件可能会带来压力和焦虑，但是你需要保持冷静和放松的心态，以便更好地处理它们。\n\n总之，处理突发事件需要优先考虑其优先级，调整时间表和重新安排任务和活动。同时，要保持灵活性和放松的心态，以应对紧急情况和优先级变化。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 12, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我该如何在有限的资源中实现目标？", "assistant": "有限的资源下实现目标需要一些策略和技巧。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 设定优先级：确定目标的优先级，将其排在最前面，确保最先完成。\n\n2. 制定计划：将目标拆分成小任务，并制定详细的计划。这可以让你更清楚地了解你的资源和能力，并提供更好的控制和追踪。\n\n3. 寻求资源：了解你可以访问的所有资源，例如人力资源，时间和技能，并尝试获取额外的资源，例如外部支持或自愿者。\n\n4. 管理时间：优化你的时间，将其分配到最重要的任务上，减少不必要的时间浪费。\n\n5. 采用创新方法：寻找创新的方式来解决问题。这可能意味着尝试新的工具，技术或方法。\n\n6. 授权他人：委托任务给其他人，从而释放你的时间和资源，以便集中精力于最重要的任务。\n\n7. 保持积极：保持积极的态度和信心，即使遇到挑战也要坚持不懈。"}, {"human": "我在采用创新方法时应该注意什么？", "assistant": "当你采用创新方法时，以下是需要注意的几点：\n\n1. 风险管理：创新方法可能带来一定的风险，因此需要进行风险评估，并采取适当的措施来降低风险。\n\n2. 接受失败：创新意味着试错。不要害怕失败，而是从中学习，并尝试不断改进。\n\n3. 多样化思考：创新需要多样化的思考。与不同背景和经验的人交流并听取他们的意见和建议，这有助于产生新的想法和解决方案。\n\n4. 保持开放：保持开放的态度，不要拒绝任何想法，即使它们看起来有些奇怪或不实用。有时候，最好的创新来自于最不可能的地方。\n\n5. 聚焦用户：创新应该以用户为中心。了解用户的需求和期望，并尝试提供创新的解决方案。\n\n6. 实现可持续性：确保创新方法是可持续的，并可以在未来持续使用。不要仅仅为了创新而创新，而是考虑将创新方法融入到业务中，以实现长期价值。"}, {"human": "如何更好地了解用户的需求和期望？", "assistant": "以下是了解用户需求和期望的一些方法：\n\n1. 进行调研：进行市场调研或问卷调查，以了解用户需求和期望。这可以帮助你收集大量信息，从而深入了解用户的需求和期望。\n\n2. 进行用户测试：进行用户测试，以便了解用户使用产品或服务的体验。这可以帮助你识别用户面临的挑战和问题，并找到改进的方法。\n\n3. 分析数据：分析数据，以便了解用户在产品或服务中的行为和反应。这可以帮助你了解用户的偏好和使用习惯。\n\n4. 与用户沟通：与用户进行直接交流，以了解他们的需求和期望。这可以通过面对面的会议、电话、电子邮件或社交媒体等方式实现。\n\n5. 观察用户：观察用户在使用产品或服务时的行为和反应。这可以帮助你了解用户在实际情况下的体验和需求。\n\n6. 聚焦用户体验：将用户体验放在首位，确保产品或服务符合用户的需求和期望。这可以通过关注用户的反馈和建议来实现。\n\n综上所述，了解用户需求和期望需要综合应用多种方法，从而获得全面的了解。"}, {"human": "如何在社交媒体上提高产品知名度？", "assistant": "以下是在社交媒体上提高产品知名度的一些方法：\n\n1. 确定目标受众：确定你的目标受众是谁，并了解他们在社交媒体上的活动和偏好。这可以帮助你更好地了解如何与他们互动，以及如何提供有价值的内容。\n\n2. 选择适当的平台：选择适合你的产品的社交媒体平台。例如，如果你的产品是面向年轻人群体的时尚产品，那么Instagram可能是一个更好的选择。\n\n3. 提供有价值的内容：提供有价值的内容，例如教程、产品演示、用户案例等。这可以帮助你吸引更多的关注者，并提高你的品牌知名度和信誉度。\n\n4. 与受众互动：与你的受众互动，例如回复评论、回答问题、分享用户生成的内容等。这可以帮助你建立更深入的联系，并提高用户对你的产品的信任和忠诚度。\n\n5. 利用广告：利用社交媒体广告，以吸引更多的关注者，增加你的产品知名度。这可以通过定位广告受众、设置广告预算和跟踪广告效果来实现。\n\n6. 联合营销：与其他品牌或社交媒体大号合作，以扩大你的受众群体和提高你的品牌知名度。\n\n综上所述，在社交媒体上提高产品知名度需要综合应用多种方法，从而提供有价值的内容，与你的受众互动，并使用广告等工具增加你的品牌知名度。"}, {"human": "在与其他品牌或社交媒体大号合作时，如何确保营销效果最佳？", "assistant": "以下是确保营销效果最佳的一些方法：\n\n1. 确定共同目标：确定与其他品牌或社交媒体大号合作的共同目标。这可以帮助你更好地了解如何合作，并确保你的营销活动与他们的目标相一致。\n\n2. 了解受众：了解你的合作伙伴的受众，并确保你的营销活动能够吸引他们的关注。这可以通过分析你的合作伙伴的受众数据以及你自己的受众数据来实现。\n\n3. 制定计划：制定详细的计划，包括时间表、内容、预算和目标指标等。这可以帮助你更好地控制和追踪你的营销活动，并确保你的合作伙伴能够顺利地参与其中。\n\n4. 确定角色：确定你和你的合作伙伴在营销活动中的角色和职责。这可以帮助你避免任何混乱或重叠，并确保你们的合作是高效和协调的。\n\n5. 测量效果：测量你的营销活动的效果，并与你的合作伙伴分享结果。这可以帮助你了解你的营销活动的表现，以及你的合作伙伴对这些活动的影响。\n\n6. 维护联系：维护与你的合作伙伴的联系，以便在未来继续合作。这可以通过定期互动、分享数据和反馈等方式实现。\n\n综上所述，在与其他品牌或社交媒体大号合作时，需要确保制定共同目标、了解受众、制定详细计划、确定角色、测量效果和维护联系等，从而确保营销效果最佳。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 13, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何制定一个有效的网页设计？", "assistant": "要制定一个有效的网页设计，需要考虑以下几个方面：\n\n1. 目标受众：确定您的目标受众是谁，这将有助于您决定网站的设计和内容。\n\n2. 清晰的布局：网站的布局应该简单，易于使用和导航。所有元素应该有明确的标识和位置，以便用户快速找到他们需要的信息。\n\n3. 吸引人的视觉效果：网站的设计应该吸引人，使用清晰的图像、颜色和字体。但同时也要确保视觉效果不会影响网站的性能和导航。\n\n4. 有效的内容：网站的内容应该有价值，易于理解和使用。使用简单的语言和段落，避免使用过于复杂的术语和语言。\n\n5. 可访问性：网站应该易于访问，即使是对于有视觉或听力障碍的用户。确保网站符合标准的可访问性要求。\n\n6. 响应式设计：网站应该是响应式的，即适合各种不同尺寸的设备。这将确保用户在不同设备上都能够访问和使用您的网站。\n\n通过考虑这些方面，您可以制定一个有效的网页设计，吸引并留住您的受众，并提高您的网站的成功率。"}, {"human": "哪些因素会影响网站的性能？", "assistant": "网站的性能受许多因素的影响，以下是一些主要的因素：\n\n1. 服务器性能：网站的速度和性能取决于服务器的性能，包括硬件、软件、配置和网络连接速度。\n\n2. 图片和媒体文件的大小：大尺寸的图片和媒体文件会增加网站的加载时间，因此需要使用适当的图片和媒体文件大小，以确保网站可以快速加载。\n\n3. 代码优化：网站的代码应尽可能简洁和优化，以确保它在加载和运行时的速度最快。\n\n4. 缓存和压缩：使用缓存和压缩技术可以大大提高网站的性能，因为它们可以减少文件大小和加载时间。\n\n5. 第三方插件和脚本：第三方插件和脚本可能会减慢网站的速度，因此需要谨慎选择并仅使用必要的插件和脚本。\n\n6. 浏览器兼容性：网站应该在各种不同的浏览器上兼容，因为不同的浏览器可能会以不同的方式解释代码并表现出不同的性能。\n\n7. 网络连接速度：用户的网络连接速度也会影响网站的性能，如果用户的网络连接速度较慢，网站的加载时间可能会更长。\n\n总之，要提高网站的性能，需要优化服务器、代码和媒体文件，使用缓存和压缩技术，谨慎使用第三方插件和脚本，并考虑用户的网络连接速度和浏览器兼容性。"}, {"human": "如何确定网站的目标受众？", "assistant": "确定网站的目标受众是成功的关键之一，以下是确定目标受众的一些步骤：\n\n1. 考虑您的业务：首先，您需要考虑您的业务或服务类型，以及您想要吸引的客户或用户类型。比如，如果您是一家专门从事儿童玩具销售的公司，您的目标受众可能是父母或祖父母。\n\n2. 调查市场：进行市场调查，了解您的目标受众的需求、喜好、行为和偏好。您可以使用各种市场调查技术，如在线调查、焦点小组讨论等等。\n\n3. 竞争分析：研究竞争对手的网站，了解他们的目标受众、品牌声誉和营销策略。\n\n4. 客户反馈：收集客户反馈，了解他们对您网站的看法，以及您的网站是否满足他们的需求和期望。\n\n5. 利用分析工具：使用分析工具（如Google Analytics）了解您的网站的访问者特征，比如年龄、性别、地理位置等，从而了解您的目标受众。\n\n综上所述，确定网站的目标受众需要考虑您的业务类型、市场调查、竞争分析、客户反馈和分析工具。这些步骤可以帮助您更好地了解您的目标受众，从而制定更好的网站设计和营销策略。"}, {"human": "如何在网站上提供更好的用户体验？", "assistant": "提供更好的用户体验是一个成功的网站设计的关键。以下是一些提高网站用户体验的方法：\n\n1. 清晰的页面布局：网站应该有清晰的页面布局，易于使用和导航。所有元素应该有明确的标识和位置，以便用户快速找到他们需要的信息。\n\n2. 易于理解和使用的导航：网站的导航应该简单、明确和易于理解。用户应该能够快速找到他们需要的信息，而不必浪费时间在网站上寻找。\n\n3. 快速的网站加载速度：网站的加载速度是提供良好用户体验的关键因素之一。网站应该尽可能快地加载，以避免用户等待过长的时间。\n\n4. 响应式设计：网站应该是响应式的，即适合各种不同尺寸的设备。这将确保用户在不同设备上都能够访问和使用您的网站。\n\n5. 良好的内容：网站的内容应该有价值，易于理解和使用。使用简单的语言和段落，避免使用过于复杂的术语和语言。\n\n6. 与用户互动：网站应该与用户互动，以吸引和留住用户。例如，您可以添加评论部分、交互式表单和调查等功能。\n\n7. 提供搜索功能：对于较大的网站，提供搜索功能可以帮助用户快速找到他们需要的信息。\n\n8. 避免繁琐的注册流程：网站应该尽可能避免繁琐的注册流程，以避免阻碍用户的使用。\n\n9. 优化网站的可访问性：网站应该易于访问，即使是对于有视觉或听力障碍的用户。确保网站符合标准的可访问性要求。\n\n总之，提供更好的用户体验需要考虑页面布局、导航、加载速度、响应式设计、内容、互动、搜索功能、注册流程和可访问性。通过优化这些方面，您可以提高用户满意度，增加用户留存率，并提高您的网站的成功率。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 14, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What strategies can I use to become more organized with deadlines and assignments?", "assistant": "Here are some strategies that can help you become more organized with deadlines and assignments:\n\n1. Use a planner or a digital calendar to keep track of all your deadlines and assignments.\n\n2. Break down large assignments into smaller tasks and set deadlines for each of them.\n\n3. Prioritize your tasks based on their importance and urgency.\n\n4. Set reminders for important deadlines and assignments.\n\n5. Use a to-do list to keep track of all the tasks you need to complete.\n\n6. Create a schedule for yourself and stick to it as much as possible.\n\n7. Avoid procrastination and start working on assignments as soon as you receive them.\n\n8. Use tools like color-coding, labeling, and highlighting to help you stay organized.\n\n9. Take breaks regularly to avoid burnout and stay motivated.\n\n10. Review your progress regularly to ensure that you are on track and make adjustments as necessary."}, {"human": "How can I effectively prioritize my tasks?", "assistant": "Here are some steps you can take to effectively prioritize your tasks:\n\n1. Make a list of all the tasks you need to complete, including deadlines and due dates.\n\n2. Determine which tasks are most important and urgent, and prioritize them accordingly.\n\n3. Consider the consequences of not completing each task and how it may affect your goals.\n\n4. Categorize your tasks based on their level of importance and urgency.\n\n5. Use the Eisenhower Matrix (a 4-quadrant grid) to help you prioritize your tasks. The matrix categorizes tasks into four quadrants based on their level of urgency and importance.\n\n6. Break down large tasks into smaller, manageable tasks and prioritize them accordingly.\n\n7. Consider your energy levels and focus on completing the most important and challenging tasks when you have the most energy and focus.\n\n8. Be flexible and adjust your priorities as needed based on changing circumstances.\n\n9. Use a digital tool or a physical planner to keep track of your tasks and priorities.\n\n10. Review your priorities regularly to ensure that you are on track and make adjustments as necessary."}, {"human": "Can you recommend any digital tools that can help me stay organized with my tasks and deadlines?", "assistant": "Sure, here are some digital tools that can help you stay organized with your tasks and deadlines:\n\n1. Trello - a web-based project management tool that uses boards, lists, and cards to help you organize and prioritize your tasks.\n\n2. Asana - a web and mobile-based task management tool that allows you to create and assign tasks, set deadlines, and track progress.\n\n3. Todoist - a simple and intuitive to-do list app that allows you to organize your tasks, set reminders, and track your progress.\n\n4. Google Calendar - a free web-based calendar tool that allows you to schedule and manage your tasks and deadlines.\n\n5. Evernote - a note-taking app that allows you to create and organize notes, tasks, and reminders in one place.\n\n6. Microsoft To Do - a simple and easy-to-use task management tool that syncs with Microsoft Outlook and allows you to manage your tasks across devices.\n\n7. Notion - a versatile workspace tool that allows you to organize and manage tasks, notes, projects, and more in one place.\n\nThese are just a few examples of the many digital tools available for task and deadline management. It's important to find one that works best for you and your needs."}, {"human": "How can I make sure that I am using my time wisely and being productive?", "assistant": "Here are some tips to help you make sure that you are using your time wisely and being productive:\n\n1. Set clear goals: Identify what you want to achieve and set clear, specific, and measurable goals.\n\n2. Prioritize your tasks: Determine which tasks are most important and urgent and prioritize them accordingly.\n\n3. Use a schedule or planner: Plan your day or week in advance and allocate time for each task.\n\n4. Eliminate distractions: Identify and eliminate distractions that can hinder your productivity, such as social media, email notifications, or phone alerts.\n\n5. Take breaks: Taking short breaks can help you recharge and maintain your focus and productivity.\n\n6. Use the Pomodoro Technique: This technique involves working in focused bursts of 25 minutes followed by a short break, which can help you stay focused and avoid burnout.\n\n7. Learn to say no: Avoid taking on too many tasks or commitments that can overload your schedule and affect your productivity.\n\n8. Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others who can help you complete them more efficiently.\n\n9. Use productivity tools: Use digital tools like time trackers, task management apps, or note-taking apps to help you stay organized and productive.\n\n10. Review your progress: Regularly review your progress and make adjustments as necessary to ensure that you are on track to achieve your goals."}, {"human": "How can I avoid burnout while trying to meet deadlines and stay productive at the same time?", "assistant": "Here are some tips to help you avoid burnout while trying to meet deadlines and stay productive:\n\n1. Take breaks: Take short breaks throughout the day to help you recharge and maintain your focus and productivity.\n\n2. Get enough sleep: Make sure to get enough sleep each night to help you stay refreshed and focused.\n\n3. Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can help you reduce stress, boost your energy levels, and improve your mood.\n\n4. Practice relaxation techniques: Techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help you reduce stress and improve your focus and productivity.\n\n5. Set realistic goals: Avoid overloading your schedule with too many tasks or unrealistic deadlines that can lead to burnout.\n\n6. Manage your workload: Prioritize your tasks, delegate tasks to others when possible, and avoid taking on too many tasks at once.\n\n7. Use productivity tools: Use digital tools like time trackers, task management apps, or note-taking apps to help you stay organized and productive.\n\n8. Seek support: Reach out to friends, family, or colleagues for support and help when you need it.\n\n9. Take time off: Take time off when you need it, even if it's just a day or two, to help you recharge and avoid burnout.\n\n10. Seek professional help: If you are experiencing symptoms of burnout, such as chronic fatigue, irritability, or anxiety, consider seeking professional help from a therapist or counselor."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 15, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我可以使用什么方法来分享我的想法？", "assistant": "你可以使用多种方法来分享你的想法，例如：\n\n1. 与朋友和家人面对面交流\n2. 在社交媒体上发布帖子\n3. 写博客或发表文章\n4. 讲演或主持讨论会\n5. 创作视频或音频内容\n6. 制作图表或图像来展示你的想法\n\n选择哪种方法最适合你要考虑你的目标受众、你的信息类型和你的个人偏好。无论你选择哪种方法，都要确保你的想法清晰、有条理、易于理解，并且与你的观众有关联。"}, {"human": "我想知道如何选择最适合我的分享方式？", "assistant": "选择最适合你的分享方式需要考虑以下几个因素：\n\n1. 受众：你的受众是谁？他们的年龄、职业、兴趣爱好等因素会影响你选择的分享方式。\n\n2. 内容类型：你要分享的内容是什么？如果是文字，那么写博客或发表文章可能更合适；如果是视觉内容，那么视频或图表可能更好。\n\n3. 目的：你的分享的目的是什么？如果你想要引起讨论，那么讲演或主持讨论会可能是更好的选择；如果你想要传达信息，那么社交媒体或写博客可能更合适。\n\n4. 个人偏好：最后，你需要考虑你自己的个人偏好，例如你更喜欢面对面交流还是在互联网上交流。选择一个你感觉舒适和自信的分享方式，有助于你更好地传达你的想法。\n\n总之，选择最适合你的分享方式需要考虑多个因素，包括受众、内容类型、目的和个人偏好。选定适合自己的分享方式，可以帮助你更好地传达你的想法和信息。"}, {"human": "我想知道在社交媒体上分享时如何保护我的隐私？", "assistant": "在社交媒体上分享时，保护隐私非常重要。以下是一些保护隐私的方法：\n\n1. 设置隐私设置：大多数社交媒体平台都有隐私设置，你可以控制你的帐户信息和发布内容的可见性。你可以选择将你的帐户设置为仅限好友或家人可见，或者限制某些内容的可见性。\n\n2. 不要泄露个人信息：避免在社交媒体上泄露个人信息，例如家庭住址、电话号码、生日、身份证号码等等。这些信息可能被不法分子利用进行身份盗窃等犯罪活动。\n\n3. 不要分享敏感信息：避免在社交媒体上分享敏感信息，例如个人照片和视频、与家人和朋友的私人互动等等。\n\n4. 不要在公共场合使用社交媒体：在公共场合使用社交媒体可能会暴露你的个人信息或登录凭据，因此应该避免在公共场合使用社交媒体。\n\n5. 小心点击链接：在社交媒体上点击链接可能会导致恶意软件或病毒的感染，因此你应该小心点击链接，尤其是来自未知来源的链接。\n\n总之，在社交媒体上保护隐私需要小心谨慎。你应该设置隐私设置，避免泄露个人信息和敏感信息，不要在公共场合使用社交媒体，小心点击链接。这些措施可以帮助你保护你的隐私和安全。"}, {"human": "我有没有必要学习编程？", "assistant": "学习编程具有许多优点，但它是否必要取决于你的兴趣和职业目标。\n\n以下是一些学习编程的优点：\n\n1. 帮助你理解计算机和数字技术：学习编程可以帮助你更好地理解计算机和数字技术的工作原理。\n\n2. 提高你的解决问题能力：编程需要解决问题的能力，这种能力可以帮助你在其他方面的生活和工作中更好地解决问题。\n\n3. 增加你的职业机会：许多职业需要编程技能，学习编程可以增加你的职业机会，并使你更有竞争力。\n\n4. 帮助你创造自己的应用程序：学习编程可以帮助你创造自己的应用程序或工具，这可以为你的生活和工作带来便利。\n\n5. 帮助你更好地了解数字世界：学习编程可以帮助你更好地了解数字世界，包括互联网和移动设备等。\n\n总之，学习编程具有许多优点，但它是否必要取决于你的兴趣和职业目标。如果你对计算机或数字技术感兴趣，并希望在职业生涯中有更多的选择，那么学习编程可能是有益的。如果你不感兴趣或职业不需要编程技能，那么学习编程可能没有必要。"}, {"human": "我想知道学习编程哪些内容比较难？", "assistant": "编程是一个广泛的领域，因此哪些内容比较难可能因人而异。以下是一些可能被认为是相对较难的编程内容：\n\n1. 数据结构和算法：数据结构和算法是计算机科学中最基本和最重要的概念之一。这些内容可以很复杂，需要一定的数学和逻辑思维能力。\n\n2. 并发和并行编程：并发和并行编程涉及同时运行多个程序或进程。这些内容可以很难以理解，需要深入了解计算机的工作原理和操作系统的功能。\n\n3. 操作系统：操作系统是计算机系统中最重要的组成部分之一，涉及许多复杂的概念，例如内存管理、进程调度和文件系统等。\n\n4. 编译器和解释器：编译器和解释器是将编程语言转换为计算机可以理解的指令的软件工具。这些工具的实现可以非常复杂，需要深入了解编程语言、操作系统和计算机体系结构等方面的知识。\n\n5. 计算机网络：计算机网络是现代计算机系统中不可或缺的一部分，涉及许多复杂的概念和协议。这些内容需要深入了解网络协议、数据传输和网络安全等方面的知识。\n\n总之，这些内容可能被认为是相对较难的编程内容，需要花费更多的时间和精力来学习和理解。当然，对于每个人来说，哪些内容难以理解会有所不同，因此需要根据自己的兴趣和能力来选择相应的学习内容。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 16, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我怎么能学会新的技能？", "assistant": "学习新技能的最佳方法因人而异，不过以下是一些基本步骤：\n\n1. 确定你想学的技能。这可能需要一些研究和探索，但你可以问问自己：你对什么感兴趣？你想成为什么样的人？你想解决什么问题？\n\n2. 找到学习这个技能的资源。这可能包括书籍、在线课程、教程视频、导师、教练等等。你可以在网上搜索相关资源，也可以咨询其他人的建议。\n\n3. 制定学习计划。根据你的时间和能力，制定一个可行的计划，包括学习的时间、地点、方式等等。建议将计划分为小的、可管理的任务，逐步实现你的目标。\n\n4. 实践和反思。学习新技能需要时间和实践，因此要保持耐心和坚持。同时，要不断反思自己的学习过程，寻找改进的机会和方法。\n\n5. 寻求帮助和支持。学习新技能的过程中，你可能会遇到困难和挑战，这时候要寻求帮助和支持。你可以向导师、教练和其他学习者寻求建议和鼓励。\n\n希望这些步骤能帮助你学习新技能。记得要保持积极和耐心！"}, {"human": "你能给我推荐一些学习编程的好资源吗？", "assistant": "当然，下面是一些学习编程的好资源：\n\n1. Codecademy（https://www.codecademy.com/） - Codecademy 是一个非常受欢迎的在线编程学习平台。它提供了各种编程语言的课程，包括 Python、JavaScript、HTML、CSS 等等。\n\n2. Udacity（https://www.udacity.com/） - Udacity 是一个在线学习平台，提供了许多高质量的编程课程和项目。它的课程涵盖了从初学者到专家的各个层次，包括人工智能、机器学习、前端开发等等。\n\n3. edX（https://www.edx.org/） - edX 是一个由哈佛大学和 MIT 联合创办的在线学习平台。它提供了各种计算机科学的课程，包括 Python、Java、C++ 等等。\n\n4. Coursera（https://www.coursera.org/） - Coursera 是一个在线课程提供商，它提供了许多世界著名大学的课程。它的计算机科学课程涵盖了许多主题，包括算法、数据结构、数据库等等。\n\n5. GitHub（https://github.com/） - GitHub 是一个代码托管平台，它是开源社区的中心。在 GitHub 上，你可以找到各种开源项目和代码库，可以学习其他人的代码和贡献自己的代码。\n\n希望这些资源能帮助你学习编程。记得要保持耐心和坚持！"}, {"human": "你能告诉我一些常用的编程语言吗？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些常用的编程语言：\n\n1. Java - Java 是一种广泛使用的编程语言，它是面向对象的，并且可以运行在各种操作系统上。Java 通常用于开发企业级应用程序、移动应用程序和游戏。\n\n2. Python - Python 是一种高级编程语言，它易于学习并且非常流行。Python 通常用于数据科学、机器学习、Web 开发和自动化脚本。\n\n3. JavaScript - JavaScript 是一种用于 Web 开发的编程语言，它可以用于编写交互式 Web 页面和 Web 应用程序。JavaScript 也可以用于开发移动应用程序和桌面应用程序。\n\n4. C++ - C++ 是一种高效的编程语言，它通常用于开发操作系统、游戏、桌面应用程序和高性能应用程序。\n\n5. Swift - Swift 是一种用于 iOS 和 macOS 应用程序开发的编程语言，它是 Apple 公司开发的。Swift 具有简洁的语法和高性能。\n\n这只是一些常用的编程语言，当然还有其他许多编程语言，如 C、PHP、Ruby、Objective-C 等等。选择编程语言需要根据你的需求和目标来选择。"}, {"human": "我想学习Python，你有什么推荐的入门教材吗？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些入门 Python 的推荐教材：\n\n1. 《Python编程：从入门到实践》 - 这是一本非常受欢迎的 Python 入门教材，它适合所有初学者。这本书涵盖了 Python 的基础知识和实际应用，包括文件操作、Web 应用程序、数据可视化等等。\n\n2. 《Python基础教程》 - 这本书是 Python 入门的经典教材之一，它涵盖了 Python 的基础语法、数据类型、函数和模块等等。它适合那些想要深入学习 Python 的人。\n\n3. 《Python编程快速上手》 - 这本书是一本非常适合初学者的 Python 入门教材，它使用简洁易懂的语言和具体的示例来让读者快速掌握 Python 的基础知识。\n\n4. 《Python Crash Course》 - 这本书是一本非常适合初学者的 Python 入门教材，它涵盖了 Python 的基础语法、数据类型、函数和模块等等。这本书还包括了实用项目，如数据可视化、Web 应用程序和游戏开发等等。\n\n5. 《Python for Everybody》 - 这是一门由密歇根大学提供的免费在线课程，它适合所有初学者。这门课程涵盖了 Python 的基础知识、数据结构、网络编程和数据库等等。\n\n希望这些推荐教材能帮助你快速入门 Python。记得要保持耐心和坚持！"}, {"human": "Python可以用于哪些方面的开发？", "assistant": "Python 是一种通用的编程语言，它可以应用于各种领域的开发。以下是一些 Python 常用的开发领域：\n\n1. 数据科学和机器学习 - Python 在数据科学和机器学习领域非常流行，因为它有很多强大的库和框架，如 NumPy、Pandas、Scikit-learn 等等。\n\n2. Web 开发 - Python 可以用于 Web 应用程序的开发，如 Django、Flask 等等。这些框架提供了快速开发 Web 应用程序所需的工具和库。\n\n3. 自动化脚本 - Python 是一种非常适合编写自动化脚本的语言，它简洁易懂，而且可以轻松地完成各种任务，如文件操作、Web 抓取、数据处理等等。\n\n4. 游戏开发 - Python 可以用于游戏开发，如 Pygame、Panda3D 等等。这些框架提供了游戏开发所需的工具和库。\n\n5. 桌面应用程序 - Python 可以用于桌面应用程序的开发，如 PyQt、Tkinter 等等。这些框架提供了创建跨平台桌面应用程序所需的工具和库。\n\n这只是一些 Python 常用的开发领域，Python 还可以应用于数据可视化、科学计算、人工智能、自然语言处理等等。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 34, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何得出最优的产品原型？", "assistant": "要得出最优的产品原型，可以按照以下步骤进行：\n\n1. 确定产品的关键特性和用户需求\n首先需要确定产品的关键特性和用户需求。这可以通过市场调研、用户调研和竞品分析等方式来完成。\n\n2. 创造多个原型\n根据产品的关键特性和用户需求，可以创造多个原型来进行测试和评估。这样可以比较不同方案的优缺点，找到最优的原型。\n\n3. 进行用户测试\n进行用户测试，向用户展示原型，收集用户反馈和建议。用户反馈可以帮助发现原型的问题并进行改进。\n\n4. 优化原型\n根据用户测试的结果，对原型进行优化。这可以包括改进界面设计、改变功能布局、增加新的功能等。\n\n5. 重复测试和优化\n重复进行用户测试和优化，直到达到最优的产品原型。"}, {"human": "产品原型的多个版本如何进行有效管理？", "assistant": "要有效地管理产品原型的多个版本，可以采取以下方法：\n\n1. 版本控制工具\n使用版本控制工具，如Git、SVN等，来管理产品原型的版本。这样可以轻松地管理和追踪每个版本的更改，以及回滚到之前的版本。\n\n2. 命名规范\n为每个版本设置清晰的命名规范，例如使用日期、版本号等，以便更容易地识别和区分不同的版本。\n\n3. 文档记录\n为每个版本创建文档记录，包括该版本的特性、问题、解决方案等。这样可以更好地追踪和管理每个版本的进展。\n\n4. 团队沟通\n在团队内部建立沟通渠道，确保每个人都了解产品原型的不同版本和更改。这可以通过定期会议、邮件、即时通讯工具等方式实现。\n\n5. 用户测试\n在每个版本完成后，进行用户测试，以获得反馈和建议。这可以帮助团队确定下一步的优化和改进方向。"}, {"human": "有没有一些好用的版本控制工具推荐？", "assistant": "是的，以下是一些常用的版本控制工具：\n\n1. Git：Git 是目前最为流行的版本控制工具之一，它可以管理任何类型的项目，包括代码、文档、图像等。Git 具有分布式版本控制系统的特点，可以轻松地在不同的开发环境中进行协作和共享。\n\n2. SVN：SVN 是另一款流行的版本控制工具，它采用集中式版本控制系统，可以更好地管理大型项目。SVN 可以跟踪每个文件的更改历史，对于团队内部的协作非常有用。\n\n3. Mercurial：Mercurial 是一款分布式版本控制工具，类似于 Git，但使用起来更加简单。它可以管理大型项目，支持快速分支和合并操作，适合团队协作。\n\n4. Perforce：Perforce 是一款用于管理软件开发的版本控制工具，它可以跟踪所有文件的更改历史，并支持分布式开发和协作。Perforce 可以适应大型项目的需求，并提供了一些高级功能，如多版本文件的管理、自动构建和集成等。\n\n5. Bitbucket：Bitbucket 是一款基于 Git 和 Mercurial 的云端版本控制工具，它提供了代码托管、问题跟踪、协作和持续集成等功能。Bitbucket 可以与其他 Atlassian 工具无缝集成，如 JIRA、Confluence 等。"}, {"human": "除了版本控制工具，还有哪些方法可以更好地管理团队协作？", "assistant": "除了版本控制工具，以下是一些方法可以更好地管理团队协作：\n\n1. 项目管理工具\n使用项目管理工具，如JIRA、Trello等，来跟踪任务进度、分配任务、设置优先级、协作等。这些工具可以让团队成员更好地了解任务、进度和负责人，并能够在同一平台上协作。\n\n2. 实时通讯工具\n使用实时通讯工具，如Slack、Microsoft Teams等，来促进团队成员之间的沟通和协作。这些工具可以让团队成员快速地交流信息、讨论任务和解决问题。\n\n3. 视频会议工具\n使用视频会议工具，如Zoom、Microsoft Teams等，来促进远程团队成员之间的交流和协作。这些工具可以让团队成员在任何地方进行面对面的会议，共享屏幕、文件等。\n\n4. 文档共享工具\n使用文档共享工具，如Google Docs、Microsoft Office等，来协作编辑文档、表格和演示文稿。这些工具可以让团队成员同时编辑同一文档，并在实时中进行更新和更改。\n\n5. 团队建设活动\n组织团队建设活动，如定期的团队建设、外出旅行、聚餐等，来促进团队成员之间的交流和合作。这些活动可以让团队成员更好地了解彼此，并增强团队的凝聚力和互信。"}, {"human": "在团队建设活动中，有哪些好的组织方式可以推荐？", "assistant": "在团队建设活动中，以下是一些好的组织方式可以推荐：\n\n1. 团队分享会\n组织团队分享会，让团队成员分享他们的专业知识和经验。这可以促进团队成员之间的交流和学习，并提高团队整体的技能水平。\n\n2. 团队游戏\n组织团队游戏，如室内足球、打破冰块等，可以增强团队成员之间的合作和协调能力。这些游戏可以让团队成员更好地了解彼此，并提高整个团队的凝聚力。\n\n3. 团队旅行\n组织团队旅行，可以让团队成员放松身心，增强彼此之间的信任和理解。这可以促进团队成员之间的交流和合作，并提高团队整体的士气。\n\n4. 团队志愿者活动\n组织团队志愿者活动，如参与环保、慈善等活动，可以让团队成员更好地了解社会问题，并提高他们的社会责任感。这可以增强团队成员之间的合作和协调能力，同时也可以提高团队整体的形象。\n\n5. 团队培训课程\n组织团队培训课程，可以提高团队成员的专业技能和知识水平。这可以促进团队成员之间的学习和交流，并提高团队整体的竞争力。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 35, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "什么是正确的时间安排方式？", "assistant": "正确的时间安排方式因人而异，但以下是一些通用的建议：\n\n1. 制定一个计划：为了更好地安排时间，你需要先制定一个计划。这个计划应该包括你的日常任务和目标，以及所需的时间。\n\n2. 优先级：将任务按照优先级排序，确保你先处理最重要的任务。\n\n3. 花时间规划：花时间规划你的日程，以确保你有足够的时间完成所有任务。\n\n4. 避免拖延：避免拖延，尽早完成任务，以便有足够的时间应对紧急情况。\n\n5. 休息：不要过度劳累，休息和放松也是很重要的。\n\n6. 适应自己的生活：每个人的生活方式不同，适应自己的生活方式，以确保你最大限度地利用时间。\n\n最重要的是，保持灵活性，随时可以应对变化。"}, {"human": "如何在制定计划时考虑到不可预见的因素？", "assistant": "在制定计划时，考虑到不可预见的因素是非常重要的。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 留出一些弹性时间：在制定计划时，留出一些弹性时间，以便应对不可预见的情况。这样即使出现了一些意外情况，你仍有时间去应对。\n\n2. 考虑到可能的风险：在制定计划时，考虑到可能的风险，这样你就能预先为这些风险做好准备。\n\n3. 制定备用计划：制定备用计划是一个好主意。这样即使计划出现问题，你仍有备用计划可以使用。\n\n4. 保持灵活性：保持灵活性非常重要。如果计划出现问题，你需要能够快速适应变化，重新制定计划。\n\n5. 学习经验教训：学习经验教训非常重要。如果计划出现问题，你需要能够从中学习，以便在未来更好地制定计划。\n\n总之，考虑到不可预见的因素是非常重要的。虽然我们无法预测未来，但是我们可以做好准备来应对不可预见的情况。"}, {"human": "如何避免任务的优先级混乱？", "assistant": "以下是一些避免任务优先级混乱的建议：\n\n1. 制定任务清单：在开始一天工作前制定一个任务清单，将所有任务列出并按优先级排序。\n\n2. 明确任务截止日期：在任务清单中，标注每个任务的截止日期，以确保你能按时完成任务。\n\n3. 分配时间：为每项任务分配适当的时间，以确保你能在截止日期前完成任务。\n\n4. 遵循计划：一旦制定了任务清单和时间表，尽量遵循它们，避免在紧急情况下打乱计划。\n\n5. 不要把事情搁置：不要把任务搁置，尽快完成它们，这样可以避免优先级混乱。\n\n6. 优先解决紧急问题：在任务清单中，优先解决紧急问题，以确保它们不会影响其他任务的进度。\n\n7. 避免过度承诺：不要承诺超过你能力范围的任务，以避免任务优先级混乱。\n\n总之，制定任务清单和时间表，并遵循它们是避免任务优先级混乱的关键。始终优先解决紧急问题，并尽快完成任务，以确保你能够按时完成任务。"}, {"human": "如何在工作中保持高效率？", "assistant": "以下是一些保持高效率的建议：\n\n1. 制定计划：制定计划是保持高效率的关键。在开始一天的工作前，制定一个计划，并按优先级排序任务。\n\n2. 集中注意力：集中注意力是保持高效率的关键。在处理任务时，尽量减少干扰，集中注意力完成任务。\n\n3. 避免多任务处理：避免同时处理多项任务。多任务处理会降低工作效率。\n\n4. 利用工具：利用工具可以提高工作效率。例如，使用电子邮件、待办事项应用程序等工具可以帮助你更好地管理工作。\n\n5. 学习新技能：学习新技能可以提高工作效率。例如，学习更快的打字技能或使用新的软件可以提高工作效率。\n\n6. 休息和放松：休息和放松可以提高工作效率。在长时间工作后，休息和放松可以让你更好地集中注意力完成任务。\n\n7. 学习管理时间：学习管理时间可以提高工作效率。学习如何管理时间，以确保你能够在有限的时间内完成任务。\n\n总之，制定计划、集中注意力、利用工具、学习新技能、休息和放松以及学习管理时间，是保持高效率的关键。"}, {"human": "如何更好地管理时间以提高生产力？", "assistant": "以下是一些更好地管理时间以提高生产力的建议：\n\n1. 制定计划：制定计划是更好地管理时间的关键。在开始一天的工作前，制定一个计划，并按优先级排序任务。\n\n2. 集中注意力：集中注意力是更好地管理时间的关键。在处理任务时，尽量减少干扰，集中注意力完成任务。\n\n3. 利用时间：利用时间可以提高生产力。在等待会议或公共交通时，利用这段时间完成一些简单的任务。\n\n4. 学习如何说“不”：学习如何说“不”可以帮助你更好地管理时间。学会拒绝那些不能带来价值的任务和活动。\n\n5. 学习如何委托：学习如何委托可以帮助你更好地管理时间。将一些任务分配给其他人，以便你有更多时间处理更重要的任务。\n\n6. 学习如何优化日程安排：学习如何优化日程安排可以帮助你更好地管理时间。在制定计划时考虑到交通时间、午餐时间等因素，以确保你的日程安排合理。\n\n7. 利用工具：利用工具可以提高生产力。例如，使用电子邮件、待办事项应用程序等工具可以帮助你更好地管理工作。\n\n总之，制定计划、集中注意力、利用时间、学习如何说“不”和委托、学习如何优化日程安排以及利用工具，是更好地管理时间以提高生产力的关键。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 36, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何在不影响电子产品性能的情况下最大限度地减少耗材成本？", "assistant": "要在不影响电子产品性能的情况下最大限度地减少耗材成本，可以考虑以下几个建议：\n\n1. 选择合适的耗材：选择优质和经济实惠的耗材，而不是只追求品牌或高端的耗材。例如，一些中低价位的耗材可能与高价位的耗材具有相似的性能，但价格更为实惠。\n\n2. 优化使用方法：使用正确的工具和方法，避免浪费耗材。例如，在使用胶水时，避免使用过多的胶水，以减少浪费。\n\n3. 掌握存储技巧：正确地储存耗材可以延长其寿命，减少浪费。例如，在存储纸张时，应将其放在干燥、清洁的地方，避免受潮或受到污染。\n\n4. 找到更好的供应商：与不同的供应商合作，比较价格和质量，以获得更好的耗材价格。同时，也要确保供应商提供的耗材符合质量标准，并可靠。\n\n5. 建立合理的库存管理：建立合理的库存管理系统，以避免过多的耗材积压，浪费资金和资源。同时，也要确保有足够的耗材储备，以满足生产需要。"}, {"human": "你能给我一些关于库存管理的具体建议吗？", "assistant": "当涉及到库存管理时，以下是一些具体建议：\n\n1. 了解需求：了解您的产品销售量和预测，以便确定合适的库存水平。使用数据分析和预测工具可帮助您更准确地预测需求。\n\n2. 建立库存管理系统：建立一个全面的库存管理系统，以跟踪库存水平、库存周转率、库存成本和库存损失等信息。使用库存管理软件可以帮助您更轻松地管理库存，并优化库存供应链。\n\n3. 优化供应链：与供应商进行合理的谈判，以获得更好的库存价格和减少库存积压。同时，要确保及时交付和良好的供应商关系，以确保库存水平的稳定。\n\n4. 使用先进的技术：使用先进的技术，例如条形码、RFID等，以帮助您更轻松地跟踪库存，并更好地管理库存。这些技术可以帮助您更准确地估算库存水平，减少库存积压和浪费。\n\n5. 定期审查库存：定期审查库存，以确定哪些库存需要重新定购，哪些库存需要清理。这有助于减少库存积压和减少库存损失。\n\n6. 确保库存安全：为了确保库存安全，请采取必要的安全措施，并定期检查库存以确保库存未受到损害或被盗窃。"}, {"human": "在建立库存管理系统时，你能否推荐一些可用的软件或工具？", "assistant": "当建立库存管理系统时，以下是一些可用的软件或工具：\n\n1. QuickBooks：QuickBooks是一款财务管理软件，提供库存追踪和管理工具，可帮助您跟踪库存水平、库存成本和库存周转率等信息。\n\n2. TradeGecko：TradeGecko是一款云端库存管理软件，提供库存追踪、采购管理和销售订单处理等功能，可帮助您优化库存供应链和提高库存效率。\n\n3. Fishbowl：Fishbowl是一款基于QuickBooks的库存管理软件，提供库存追踪、采购管理、销售订单处理和制造管理等功能，可帮助您全面管理库存。\n\n4. Zoho Inventory：Zoho Inventory是一款云端库存管理软件，提供库存追踪、采购管理、销售订单处理和发货管理等功能，可帮助您全面管理库存供应链。\n\n5. inFlow Inventory：inFlow Inventory是一款基于云端的库存管理软件，提供库存追踪、采购管理、销售订单处理和报告等功能，可帮助您更好地管理库存和提高库存效率。\n\n这些库存管理软件都具有不同的功能和优势，您可以根据自己的需求和预算选择最适合您的软件或工具。"}, {"human": "你能否给我一些关于使用RFID技术来管理库存的具体建议？", "assistant": "当使用RFID技术来管理库存时，以下是一些具体建议：\n\n1. 确定RFID标签的类型：根据库存管理需求和预算，选择适当的RFID标签类型。有些标签只能读取一次，而其他标签则可以重复读取。\n\n2. 部署RFID阅读器：部署RFID阅读器以读取标签，并确保阅读器与标签兼容。如果需要覆盖更大的区域，则需要安装更多的阅读器。\n\n3. 标记库存：将RFID标签附加到库存上，并记录每个标签的位置和其他相关信息。这可以帮助您更好地追踪库存并减少库存积压。\n\n4. 确保RFID系统的准确性：确保RFID系统准确读取标签并正确记录库存。使用校准工具定期检查RFID阅读器的准确性。\n\n5. 整合RFID系统：整合RFID系统与其他库存管理系统（例如ERP软件）以更好地管理库存。这可以帮助您更快地识别库存问题，并更快地做出决策。\n\n6. 培训员工：培训员工使用RFID技术，以确保他们了解如何正确地使用RFID标签和阅读器，并能够正确地记录和追踪库存。\n\n7. 定期维护RFID系统：定期维护RFID系统，以确保阅读器和标签的正常工作。更换损坏的标签和阅读器，并定期更新RFID系统软件。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 37, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "怎样可以专注于当前的工作？", "assistant": "要专注于当前的工作，可以采取以下措施：\n\n1. 制定计划：在开始工作之前，制定一份清晰的计划，明确任务和完成时间。\n\n2. 消除干扰：关闭手机和社交媒体账号，让自己远离任何可能干扰你注意力的事物。\n\n3. 创造安静的环境：寻找一个安静的地方，没有嘈杂的声音和干扰。\n\n4. 集中精力：集中注意力，在做每一项任务的时候，不要在意其他事情。\n\n5. 休息时间：工作一段时间后，休息一下，让大脑放松一下，再继续工作。\n\n以上这些方法可以帮助你更好地专注于当前的工作。"}, {"human": "你能帮我更详细地解释一下制定计划的具体步骤吗？", "assistant": "当你需要专注于当前的工作时，制定计划是非常重要的一步。以下是制定计划的具体步骤：\n\n1. 确定任务：首先，你需要明确你需要完成的任务是什么。将任务写在一个清单上，这样可以帮助你更好地组织和管理工作。\n\n2. 列出任务细节：在任务清单上，列出完成任务所需的具体步骤和细节。这可以帮助你更好地了解任务的复杂性和所需的时间和资源。\n\n3. 确定时间：为每个任务安排时间，并设置截止日期。这可以帮助你更好地管理时间，以确保任务按时完成。\n\n4. 制定优先级：将任务按优先级排序，确保首先完成的是最重要的任务。这可以帮助你更好地管理时间，以确保最重要的事情得到优先处理。\n\n5. 制定计划：根据任务清单，安排任务的具体执行时间和步骤。在制定计划时，要确保考虑到可能的障碍和延迟。\n\n6. 跟踪进度：在执行计划时，跟踪进度并记录每个任务的进展情况。这可以帮助你确定是否需要调整计划。\n\n以上是制定计划的具体步骤。这些步骤可以帮助你更好地组织和管理工作，以确保任务按时完成。"}, {"human": "你有什么建议可以帮助我更好地集中精力吗？", "assistant": "以下是一些建议，可以帮助你更好地集中精力：\n\n1. 减少干扰：减少外界干扰，尽可能在一个比较安静的环境中工作。关闭手机和社交媒体账号，以免被通知、消息或邮件打扰。\n\n2. 专注于一项任务：专注于一项任务，不要在同一时间处理多项任务。这可以帮助你更好地集中注意力，提高工作效率。\n\n3. 制定计划：在开始工作之前，制定一份清晰的计划，明确任务和完成时间。这可以帮助你更好地集中注意力，以便完成任务。\n\n4. 给自己设定时间限制：给自己设定时间限制，例如设定一个时间段内必须完成某个任务。这可以提高你的效率，让你更好地集中注意力。\n\n5. 休息时间：工作一段时间后，休息一下，让大脑放松一下。这可以帮助你更好地集中注意力，提高工作效率。\n\n6. 练习冥想：冥想可以帮助你放松大脑，减少压力和干扰，提高注意力和专注力。\n\n这些建议可以帮助你更好地集中注意力和提高工作效率。"}, {"human": "你认为冥想有什么好处吗？", "assistant": "冥想是一种古老而有效的实践，可以带来许多好处。以下是一些冥想的好处：\n\n1. 减少压力：冥想可以帮助减少焦虑和压力。通过冥想，你可以放松身体和思维，减少负面情绪，提高情绪的稳定性。\n\n2. 提高注意力和专注力：冥想可以帮助你训练大脑，提高注意力和专注力。这可以帮助你更好地集中注意力，提高工作效率。\n\n3. 提高创造力：冥想可以帮助你放松大脑，减少干扰，提高创造力。这可以帮助你更好地解决问题和发现新的解决方案。\n\n4. 提高心理健康：冥想可以帮助你提高心理健康和幸福感。通过冥想，你可以减轻负面情绪，提高自我意识和自我接纳。\n\n5. 提高身体健康：冥想可以帮助你减少身体上的疾病和不适。通过冥想，你可以放松身体和思维，减轻身体上的压力和紧张。\n\n总之，冥想是一种非常有益的实践，可以带来许多好处，包括减少压力、提高注意力和专注力、提高创造力、提高心理健康和身体健康。"}, {"human": "你能告诉我如何正确地进行冥想吗？", "assistant": "当你想要进行冥想时，以下是一些步骤可以帮助你进行正确的冥想：\n\n1. 寻找安静的地方：寻找一个安静、干扰较小的地方。这可以帮助你更好地集中注意力。\n\n2. 采取舒适的体位：采取一个舒适的体位，可以是坐着或躺着。放松身体，让身体的重量自然下沉。\n\n3. 关注呼吸：关注呼吸，注意呼吸的进出。可以慢慢地、深呼吸，缓慢地放松和放松身体。\n\n4. 让思维自由流动：让思维自由流动，不要刻意地去想任何事情。如果思维开始漂移，就轻轻地把注意力带回到呼吸上。\n\n5. 不要强迫自己：不要强迫自己，不要给自己施加压力。冥想是一个自然的过程，让它自然地发生就可以了。\n\n6. 坚持练习：冥想需要耐心和坚持。开始时，你可能会发现很难保持注意力，但是随着时间的推移，你会发现冥想变得更加容易和自然。\n\n以上是进行正确的冥想的一些步骤。通过冥想，你可以减轻压力、提高注意力和专注力、提高创造力、提高心理和身体健康。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 38, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "How can I create a positive work environment in my team?", "assistant": "Creating a positive work environment in a team requires effort and dedication from everyone involved, but there are several things you can do to promote positivity:\n\n1. Encourage open communication: Encourage team members to share their thoughts and ideas with one another. This helps build trust and fosters a feeling of camaraderie among team members.\n\n2. Celebrate successes: Celebrate the small victories and successes of the team. This helps boost morale and encourages team members to continue working hard.\n\n3. Foster a sense of ownership: Encourage team members to take ownership of their work and give them the autonomy to make decisions. This helps them feel valued and invested in the team's success.\n\n4. Create a supportive environment: Encourage team members to support one another and collaborate on tasks. This helps build a sense of community and encourages teamwork.\n\n5. Lead by example: As a leader, it's important to model positive behavior and attitudes. This helps set the tone for the team and encourages them to follow suit.\n\nBy implementing these strategies, you can help create a positive work environment that promotes productivity, collaboration, and overall job satisfaction."}, {"human": "Can you give me an example of how I can encourage open communication in my team?", "assistant": "Sure, here's an example of how you can encourage open communication in your team:\n\n1. Schedule regular check-ins: Schedule regular check-ins with your team members to discuss their progress, any challenges they're facing, and any feedback they have for you. This helps promote open communication and shows that you're invested in their success.\n\n2. Encourage feedback: Encourage team members to provide feedback on projects, processes, and even on how the team is functioning as a whole. This helps create a culture of feedback and shows that their opinions are valued.\n\n3. Create a safe space: Create a safe space for team members to share their thoughts and ideas without fear of judgment or repercussions. This helps build trust and fosters open communication.\n\n4. Listen actively: When team members are sharing their thoughts and ideas, make sure to actively listen and show that you're engaged in the conversation. This helps demonstrate that you value their input.\n\n5. Respond constructively: When responding to feedback, make sure to respond constructively and focus on finding solutions. This helps show that you're invested in improving the team's performance.\n\nBy implementing these strategies, you can help create a culture of open communication in your team that promotes collaboration and fosters a positive work environment."}, {"human": "How can I encourage my team members to take ownership of their work?", "assistant": "Here are some strategies to encourage team members to take ownership of their work:\n\n1. Provide clear expectations: Provide clear expectations and goals for each team member. This helps them understand what is expected of them and what they need to accomplish.\n\n2. Give autonomy: Give team members the autonomy to make decisions and take ownership of their work. This helps them feel more invested in their work and encourages them to take ownership.\n\n3. Celebrate successes: Celebrate the successes of your team members and give them credit for their accomplishments. This helps build confidence and encourages them to take ownership of their work.\n\n4. Encourage problem-solving: Encourage team members to find solutions to problems on their own. This helps build problem-solving skills and empowers them to take ownership of their work.\n\n5. Provide feedback: Provide constructive feedback on their work, both positive and negative. This helps them improve their performance and reinforces the importance of taking ownership of their work.\n\n6. Set up accountability: Set up accountability structures, such as regular check-ins or progress reports, to help team members stay on track with their work. This helps them take ownership of their work and stay motivated.\n\nBy implementing these strategies, you can help your team members take ownership of their work, which can lead to increased productivity, higher quality work, and a more positive work environment."}, {"human": "Can you suggest some team-building activities that can help foster a positive work environment?", "assistant": "Sure, here are some team-building activities that can help foster a positive work environment:\n\n1. Icebreaker activities: Start meetings with an icebreaker activity to help team members get to know each other better. This can help build camaraderie and create a more positive work environment.\n\n2. Volunteer activities: Organize a volunteer activity that allows team members to work together outside of work. This can help build teamwork skills and foster a sense of community.\n\n3. Team-building exercises: Plan team-building exercises, such as trust falls or team-building games. These activities can help improve communication, build trust, and encourage collaboration.\n\n4. Lunch and learns: Organize a lunch and learn session where team members can share their skills and knowledge with one another. This can help build skills and encourage collaboration.\n\n5. Social events: Plan social events, such as a holiday party or a team outing. These events can help build relationships and create a more positive work environment.\n\n6. Team challenges: Set up a team challenge, such as a scavenger hunt or an obstacle course. This can help build teamwork skills and encourage collaboration.\n\nBy implementing these team-building activities, you can help foster a positive work environment that promotes teamwork, collaboration, and overall job satisfaction."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 39, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我怎样才能实施AI技术来提升工作效率？", "assistant": "要实施AI技术来提升工作效率，可以按照以下步骤进行：\n\n1. 分析工作流程，找到可以应用AI技术的环节。例如，可以使用自然语言处理技术来自动化文本分类和摘要等任务，或者使用机器学习技术来自动化预测和决策等任务。\n\n2. 选择适合自己的AI技术。有许多不同的AI技术可供选择，例如机器学习、深度学习、自然语言处理和计算机视觉等。选择适合自己工作需求的技术。\n\n3. 收集和准备数据。AI技术需要大量的数据来训练和优化模型。因此，在实施AI技术之前，需要收集和准备足够的数据。\n\n4. 实施AI技术。可以使用现有的AI工具和框架来实施AI技术，例如Python的机器学习库Scikit-Learn和TensorFlow等。\n\n5. 不断优化和改进。AI技术需要不断地优化和改进，以提高准确性和效率。因此，在实施AI技术后，需要不断地监控和优化模型，以确保其始终保持最佳状态。\n\n需要注意的是，实施AI技术需要具备相关的技术知识和经验，如果您没有相关背景，建议寻求专业的帮助。"}, {"human": "你能给我推荐一些适合初学者的AI技术教材吗？", "assistant": "当然可以！以下是一些适合初学者的AI技术教材：\n\n1. 《Python机器学习基础教程》（Python Machine Learning）：这是一本非常受欢迎的Python机器学习教材，适合初学者和Python开发人员。\n\n2. 《深度学习入门》（Deep Learning）：这是一本非常详细的深度学习教材，适合想要深入学习深度学习的初学者。\n\n3. 《机器学习实战》（Machine Learning in Action）：这是一本实用性很强的机器学习教材，适合初学者和想要实践机器学习的开发人员。\n\n4. 《统计学习方法》（Statistical Learning Methods）：这是一本机器学习经典教材，涵盖了大量的机器学习算法和理论，适合想要深入学习机器学习的初学者。\n\n5. 《TensorFlow实战》（TensorFlow）：这是一本非常实用的TensorFlow教材，适合初学者和想要使用TensorFlow实现机器学习应用的开发人员。\n\n以上是一些适合初学者的AI技术教材，希望对您有所帮助！"}, {"human": "我想了解一下自然语言处理技术中的命名实体识别是怎样工作的？", "assistant": "命名实体识别（Named Entity Recognition，简称NER）是一种自然语言处理技术，主要用于从文本中识别出具有特定意义的实体，例如人名、地名、组织机构名等。通常，NER系统需要完成以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 分词：将文本分成单词或词组。\n\n2. 词性标注：为每个单词或词组标注词性，例如名词、动词、形容词等。\n\n3. 句法分析：分析句子的结构和语法关系。\n\n4. 实体识别：识别出文本中的命名实体，并为其打上相应的标记，例如人名、地名、组织机构名等。\n\n在实体识别的过程中，通常使用统计学习方法、规则匹配和深度学习等多种技术。其中，统计学习方法是最常用的方法之一，它通常包括以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 特征提取：根据词性、句法等特征提取每个词或词组的特征向量。\n\n2. 标注数据准备：准备标注好的数据集，包括每个词或词组的标注信息。\n\n3. 模型训练：使用训练数据集训练模型，通常使用条件随机场（CRF）等模型。\n\n4. 模型评估：使用测试数据集评估模型的准确性和效果。\n\n在实际应用中，命名实体识别可以应用于信息抽取、文本分类、机器翻译等多个领域。"}, {"human": "有没有一些比较好的开源NER工具可以使用？", "assistant": "是的，有很多开源的NER工具可以使用，以下是一些比较常用的：\n\n1. Stanford NER：由斯坦福大学自然语言处理组开发，支持英文、中文和西班牙语等多种语言，可以识别人名、地名、组织机构名等实体。\n\n2. spaCy：基于Python的自然语言处理库，支持多种语言，包括英语、德语、法语、意大利语等，具有高效的实体识别功能。\n\n3. NLTK：基于Python的自然语言处理库，提供了丰富的自然语言处理功能，包括词性标注、句法分析、实体识别等。\n\n4. OpenNLP：由Apache开发的自然语言处理库，支持多种语言，包括英语、法语、德语、西班牙语等，具有高效的命名实体识别功能。\n\n5. MITIE：由麻省理工学院开发的自然语言处理工具包，可以处理英文、中文和西班牙语等多种语言，具有高效的实体识别和关系提取功能。\n\n以上是一些常用的开源NER工具，可以根据自己的需求选择合适的工具来使用。"}, {"human": "我想了解一下深度学习的卷积神经网络是怎么工作的？", "assistant": "卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network，简称CNN）是一种深度学习模型，主要用于图像识别、语音识别、自然语言处理等领域。CNN的主要特点是能够自动学习特征，从而提高模型的准确性和泛化能力。\n\nCNN主要包括以下几个组成部分：\n\n1. 卷积层（Convolutional Layer）：卷积层是CNN的核心组成部分，通过卷积操作从输入数据中提取特征。卷积操作是指通过滑动一个固定大小的窗口（也称为卷积核或滤波器）在输入数据上进行计算，从而得到一个新的特征图。\n\n2. 池化层（Pooling Layer）：池化层主要用于减少特征图的大小，从而降低计算复杂度。常用的池化操作包括最大池化和平均池化，它们分别选择每个特征图中的最大值或平均值作为输出。\n\n3. 全连接层（Fully Connected Layer）：全连接层主要用于将特征图转换为输出结果，通常是一个向量或矩阵。\n\n4. 激活函数（Activation Function）：激活函数主要用于增加CNN的非线性能力，常见的激活函数包括ReLU、Sigmoid和Tanh等。\n\nCNN的工作流程通常包括以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 数据预处理：将原始数据转换为CNN可接受的格式，例如将图像转换为像素矩阵。\n\n2. 卷积层操作：通过卷积操作从输入数据中提取特征。\n\n3. 激活函数操作：通过激活函数增加网络的非线性能力。\n\n4. 池化层操作：通过池化操作减少特征图的大小。\n\n5. 全连接层操作：将特征图转换为输出结果。\n\n6. 损失函数计算：计算CNN的预测结果与实际标签之间的差距。\n\n7. 反向传播：通过反向传播算法更新CNN的参数，以减小损失函数。\n\n通过不断迭代更新CNN的参数，以减小损失函数，最终得到一个准确性较高的模型。\n\n这就是卷积神经网络的基本工作原理和流程。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 40, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该如何选择合适的供应商来采购原材料？", "assistant": "选择合适的供应商来采购原材料是非常重要的，以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 质量：选择能提供高质量原材料的供应商。在选择供应商之前，可以要求他们提供样品或者参观他们的生产工厂。\n\n2. 价格：价格也是选择供应商时需要考虑的因素之一。您需要确定您的采购预算，并与供应商谈判以获得最好的价格。\n\n3. 可靠性：选择可靠的供应商非常重要。您需要找到那些能够按时交货的供应商，这样您就可以避免生产中断或延误。\n\n4. 服务：选择供应商时，您需要考虑他们的服务质量。供应商需要提供及时的技术支持、产品售后服务等。\n\n5. 信誉度：您需要选择有良好信誉度的供应商。您可以查看供应商的历史记录、客户评价和认证资质等来评估他们的信誉度。\n\n综上所述，选择合适的供应商需要考虑多方面因素。您可以先列出您的需求和标准，然后与多个供应商进行比较来选择最佳的供应商。"}, {"human": "有哪些途径可以找到可靠的供应商？", "assistant": "以下是一些找到可靠供应商的途径：\n\n1. 参加行业展会：可以通过参加行业展会来寻找潜在的供应商，并了解他们的产品和服务。展会也是了解行业最新趋势和创新的好机会。\n\n2. 在线市场：可以通过在线市场如Alibaba、Made-in-China等来搜索供应商。这些平台通常提供了详细的供应商信息，如公司介绍、产品分类、客户评价等。\n\n3. 推荐和参考：可以通过向业内人士和同行了解他们的供应商信息，以及他们对这些供应商的评价和体验。这些参考和推荐可以帮助缩小选择范围，减少决策的风险。\n\n4. 采购代理公司：可以委托采购代理公司为您寻找合适的供应商。这些代理公司通常有丰富的行业经验和资源，可以帮助您找到最优质、最可靠的供应商。\n\n5. 社交媒体：可以通过社交媒体平台如LinkedIn等来搜索供应商，并了解他们的公司文化、业务范围和客户评价等。\n\n综上所述，找到可靠的供应商需要考虑多种途径。您可以根据自己的需求和实际情况，选择最适合自己的方式。"}, {"human": "在选择供应商时，是否需要优先考虑地理位置因素？", "assistant": "地理位置因素在选择供应商时是需要考虑的，但并不是最重要的因素之一。以下是一些需要考虑的因素：\n\n1. 质量：选择能够提供高质量原材料的供应商比地理位置更加重要。\n\n2. 可靠性：选择能够按时交货且可靠的供应商是非常重要的，而不是只考虑距离。\n\n3. 价格：价格也是选择供应商时需要考虑的因素之一，但不应该仅仅因为地理位置而选择供应商。\n\n4. 服务：选择能够提供优质技术支持和售后服务的供应商是非常重要的。\n\n5. 信誉度：选择有良好信誉度的供应商是非常重要的，而不仅仅是考虑地理位置。\n\n综上所述，地理位置因素在选择供应商时是需要考虑的因素之一，但并不是最重要的因素。在选择供应商时，应该优先考虑质量、可靠性、价格、服务和信誉度等因素。如果有多个供应商在这些方面都表现良好，地理位置因素可以作为一个决策因素来进行比较。"}, {"human": "如何确定一个供应商的信誉度？", "assistant": "确定一个供应商的信誉度可以通过以下方式：\n\n1. 客户评价：可以查看供应商在其官方网站、社交媒体或其他平台上的客户评价，了解其他客户对这个供应商的评价和体验。\n\n2. 历史记录：可以了解供应商的历史记录，包括其成立时间、客户类型、主要产品等，以确定其经验和专业水平。\n\n3. 认证资质：可以查看供应商的认证资质，如ISO认证、CE认证等，以确定其产品和服务的质量和可靠性。\n\n4. 参观生产工厂：通过参观供应商的生产工厂，了解其生产设备、员工数量、生产过程等，以确定其生产能力和质量控制水平。\n\n5. 信用评级：可以通过信用评级机构如Dun & Bradstreet、S&P Global等来查看供应商的信用评级，以确定其信誉度和财务稳定性。\n\n综上所述，确定一个供应商的信誉度需要考虑多方面因素。您可以通过多种途径来获取供应商的信息，并综合考虑来确定其信誉度。"}, {"human": "如何避免与供应商签订不合理的采购协议？", "assistant": "避免与供应商签订不合理的采购协议需要注意以下几点：\n\n1. 清晰明确的合同条款：在签订采购协议之前，需要制定清晰明确的合同条款，包括产品规格、数量、价格、交付日期、支付方式、违约责任等。这些条款需要涵盖全面，防止出现争议和误解。\n\n2. 专业的法律支持：可以寻求专业的法律支持，在签订采购协议之前进行审核和修改。这有助于避免合同中存在的漏洞和风险，并保护您的合法权益。\n\n3. 谨慎选择供应商：在选择供应商时，需要对其进行充分的调查和评估，确保其有良好的信誉度和可靠性。避免选择那些存在争议或不诚信的供应商。\n\n4. 确定相互利益：在签订采购协议时，需要确保协议中的条款能够满足双方的需求和利益。协议应该是公平和平衡的，确保双方的权益得到保护。\n\n5. 不断沟通：在签订采购协议之后，需要保持与供应商的沟通，确保其能够按照协议条款进行交付和服务。如果出现问题，需要及时沟通和解决，以避免进一步的风险和损失。\n\n综上所述，避免与供应商签订不合理的采购协议需要注意合同条款、法律支持、供应商选择、相互利益和沟通等方面。只有通过谨慎的选择和有效的管理，才能避免采购协议中的风险和问题。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 41, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What are the best practices for using AI to automate repetitive tasks?", "assistant": "Great question! Here are some best practices for using AI to automate repetitive tasks:\n\n1. Identify the right tasks to automate: Start by identifying the repetitive tasks that are time-consuming and error-prone. These are the tasks that are ideal for automation.\n\n2. Choose the right AI technology: There are many AI technologies available today, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. Choose the technology that is best suited for the task you want to automate.\n\n3. Collect and clean data: To train AI models, you need to collect and clean data. Make sure the data is accurate, relevant, and diverse.\n\n4. Train the AI model: Use the data to train the AI model. Train the model until it achieves the desired level of accuracy.\n\n5. Test the AI model: Test the AI model to ensure that it performs well on different data sets.\n\n6. Integrate the AI model into your workflow: Once the AI model is trained and tested, integrate it into your workflow. Make sure it is easy to use and accessible to everyone who needs it.\n\n7. Monitor and update the AI model: Monitor the AI model to ensure that it is performing as expected. Update the model as needed to improve its performance over time.\n\nBy following these best practices, you can use AI to automate repetitive tasks and improve productivity and efficiency in your organization."}, {"human": "Can you give me an example of a repetitive task that can be automated using AI?", "assistant": "Sure, here's an example of a repetitive task that can be automated using AI:\n\nData entry - Many businesses and organizations need to enter large amounts of data into their systems on a regular basis. This can be a time-consuming and error-prone task when done manually. With AI, however, data entry can be automated using technologies such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). These technologies can read and extract data from various sources, such as forms, invoices, and receipts, and enter the data into the appropriate fields in a system or database. This can save a significant amount of time and reduce the risk of errors.\n\nBy automating data entry with AI, businesses can free up their employees' time to focus on more complex tasks that require human expertise, while also improving the accuracy and efficiency of their data management processes."}, {"human": "Are there any risks or potential downsides to automating tasks with AI?", "assistant": "Yes, there are some risks and potential downsides to automating tasks with AI. Here are a few:\n\n1. Job loss: One of the main concerns is that the automation of tasks with AI could lead to job loss. As machines become more capable of performing tasks that were previously done by humans, some workers could be displaced.\n\n2. Bias: AI systems can reflect the biases of their creators or the data they are trained on, which could result in unfair or discriminatory outcomes.\n\n3. Dependence on technology: There is a risk of becoming overly dependent on AI technology, which could lead to a lack of skills and expertise in the workforce.\n\n4. Security risks: Any technology that is connected to a network is vulnerable to cyber-attacks, and AI is no exception. There is a risk of AI systems being hacked or compromised, which could lead to data breaches or other security incidents.\n\n5. Ethical concerns: There are ethical concerns around the use of AI, particularly when it comes to issues such as privacy, surveillance, and the potential misuse of AI for harmful purposes.\n\nOverall, it's important to approach the automation of tasks with AI carefully and thoughtfully, taking into account the potential risks and downsides, as well as the benefits. By doing so, we can work to ensure that the use of AI is safe, ethical, and beneficial for all."}, {"human": "How can businesses ensure that their AI systems are free from bias?", "assistant": "Ensuring that AI systems are free from bias is an important consideration for businesses. Here are some steps that businesses can take to reduce bias in their AI systems:\n\n1. Use diverse and representative data: The data used to train AI systems should be diverse and representative of the population it will be used for. This will help to reduce bias and ensure that the system is trained on a broad range of examples.\n\n2. Monitor and audit AI systems: Regular monitoring and auditing of AI systems can help to identify and address any potential biases. This can involve reviewing the data used to train the system, as well as testing the system's performance on different datasets.\n\n3. Involve diverse teams in the development process: Including diverse teams in the development process can help to identify potential biases and ensure that a range of perspectives are considered.\n\n4. Use explainable AI: Using explainable AI can help to increase transparency and accountability in AI systems. This involves designing AI systems that can explain their decision-making process in a way that is understandable to humans.\n\n5. Implement ethical guidelines: Businesses can implement ethical guidelines to ensure that AI systems are developed and used in a responsible and ethical manner. This can involve developing policies around data privacy, security, and the responsible use of AI.\n\nBy taking these steps, businesses can work to reduce bias in their AI systems and ensure that they are fair, transparent, and ethical."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 42, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我可以用什么方法来保护我的机密数据？", "assistant": "有几种方法可以保护机密数据：\n\n1. 使用强密码：使用至少8个字符，并包括大写字母、小写字母、数字和特殊字符。避免使用易于猜测的密码，如生日、家庭地址等。\n\n2. 加密数据：使用加密软件将机密数据加密，这样即使被盗取也无法被读取。\n\n3. 使用双重身份验证：启用双重身份验证可以保护您的账户免受未经授权的访问。\n\n4. 定期备份数据：定期备份数据可以防止数据丢失或遭到损坏。\n\n5. 限制访问权限：只有需要访问机密数据的人才能够访问，其他人应该被限制访问权限。\n\n6. 使用安全的网络：使用防病毒软件和防火墙保护您的计算机和网络，以防止黑客攻击和恶意软件感染。\n\n7. 培训员工：培训员工如何保护机密数据，如何避免被钓鱼邮件等诈骗。"}, {"human": "我想了解更多关于加密数据的方法，可以推荐一些常用的加密软件吗？", "assistant": "当涉及到加密数据时，以下是一些常用的加密软件：\n\n1. VeraCrypt：VeraCrypt是一个免费的开源加密软件，支持Windows、Mac和Linux操作系统。它使用AES、Twofish和Serpent算法加密数据，并支持创建加密容器和整个硬盘加密。\n\n2. BitLocker：BitLocker是由微软开发的数据加密软件，只适用于Windows操作系统。它使用AES和XTS算法加密数据，并支持创建加密容器和整个硬盘加密。\n\n3. GnuPG：GnuPG是一个免费的开源加密软件，支持Windows、Mac和Linux操作系统。它使用OpenPGP标准加密数据，并支持创建加密容器和电子邮件加密。\n\n4. AxCrypt：AxCrypt是一个免费的文件加密软件，支持Windows操作系统。它使用AES算法加密数据，并支持创建加密容器和单个文件加密。\n\n5. 7-Zip：7-Zip是一个免费的开源压缩软件，支持Windows、Mac和Linux操作系统。它使用AES和ZipCrypto算法加密数据，并支持创建加密压缩文件。\n\n这些加密软件都有其优点和适用范围，您可以根据自己的需求选择适合自己的软件。"}, {"human": "除了加密数据和使用强密码，还有哪些方法可以保护我的机密信息？", "assistant": "除了加密数据和使用强密码，以下是一些其他方法可以保护您的机密信息：\n\n1. 不要共享机密信息：尽量不要共享您的机密信息，除非是必要的。如果需要共享，请确保只与受信任的人分享，并确保他们知道如何保护这些信息。\n\n2. 确保计算机和网络安全：使用防病毒软件和防火墙保护您的计算机和网络，以防止黑客攻击和恶意软件感染。\n\n3. 定期更新软件：定期更新您的操作系统、应用程序和安全软件，以确保它们具有最新的安全补丁和功能。\n\n4. 小心处理电子邮件附件：不要打开未知来源的电子邮件附件，因为它们可能包含恶意软件。\n\n5. 使用安全的云服务：如果您需要存储机密信息，使用安全的云服务，并确保您的数据受到加密和备份。\n\n6. 定期备份数据：定期备份数据可以防止数据丢失或遭到损坏。\n\n7. 培训员工：培训员工如何保护机密数据，如何避免被钓鱼邮件等诈骗。"}, {"human": "我想知道更多关于双重身份验证的实现细节，有哪些常用方法？", "assistant": "双重身份验证是一种安全措施，它要求用户输入除了用户名和密码外的其他信息，例如验证码或指纹，以验证他们的身份。以下是一些常用的双重身份验证方法：\n\n1. 短信验证：在用户输入正确的用户名和密码后，系统会通过短信向用户发送一个验证码。用户需要输入该验证码才能登录。\n\n2. 软件令牌：软件令牌是一种应用程序，用户需要在登录时输入由该应用程序生成的一次性令牌。\n\n3. 硬件令牌：硬件令牌是一种物理设备，用户需要在登录时使用该设备上的按钮生成一次性令牌。\n\n4. 生物识别：生物识别是一种使用生物特征来验证用户身份的方法，例如指纹或面部识别。\n\n5. Smart Card：智能卡是一种物理设备，类似于硬件令牌，但它还具有存储和处理数据的能力。\n\n这些方法都可以提供额外的安全性，以确保只有授权的人可以访问敏感数据。选择哪种双重身份验证方法取决于您的具体需求和可行性。"}, {"human": "如果我的计算机被黑客入侵了，我应该怎么做才能保护我的数据？", "assistant": "如果您的计算机被黑客攻击了，以下是一些保护数据的方法：\n\n1. 立即断开与网络的连接：如果您怀疑您的计算机已经被黑客攻击，立即断开与网络的连接，以避免进一步的数据盗取或破坏。\n\n2. 更改所有的密码：更改所有的密码，包括您的操作系统、应用程序、电子邮件、社交媒体和其他在线账户的密码。确保使用强密码，并避免在不同的账户使用相同的密码。\n\n3. 安装防病毒软件：安装防病毒软件并运行全面的系统扫描，以确保您的计算机没有任何恶意软件或病毒。\n\n4. 恢复数据：如果您的数据被黑客盗取或损坏，尝试从数据备份中恢复数据。如果您没有备份数据，则可能需要使用数据恢复软件或专业服务来恢复数据。\n\n5. 检查计算机的漏洞：检查您的计算机是否存在漏洞，并尝试修复它们。更新您的操作系统、应用程序和安全软件，以确保它们具有最新的安全补丁和功能。\n\n6. 培训员工：培训员工如何保护机密数据，如何避免被钓鱼邮件等诈骗。\n\n以上措施可以帮助您保护数据，并避免将来发生类似的安全事件。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 43, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我该怎样做才能实现成功？", "assistant": "实现成功需要不断努力和持续学习。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 设定目标：明确自己想要实现什么，然后制定可行的计划。\n\n2. 建立自信：相信自己可以实现目标，并为此付出努力。\n\n3. 学习和发展：不断学习新的知识和技能，以提高自己的能力。\n\n4. 制定计划和时间表：制定详细的计划和时间表，以确保实现目标。\n\n5. 寻求支持：寻求朋友、家人或同事的支持和鼓励可以帮助你保持动力。\n\n6. 坚持不懈：成功需要坚持不懈的努力和毅力。即使遇到挫折，也不要轻易放弃。\n\n7. 不断反思：定期反思自己的进展和策略是否有效，并进行调整。"}, {"human": "我该如何更好地制定计划和时间表？", "assistant": "以下是一些制定计划和时间表的建议：\n\n1. 明确目标：首先明确自己的目标，确保计划和时间表与目标相一致。\n\n2. 列出任务清单：列出需要完成的任务，并按照优先级排序。\n\n3. 分配时间：将任务分配到时间表中，并根据任务的重要性和紧急程度进行调整。\n\n4. 确定截止日期：为每个任务设定截止日期，以确保在规定时间内完成任务。\n\n5. 考虑时间限制：考虑你有多少时间可用，以及你的精力和注意力水平，以便更好地规划时间表。\n\n6. 预留空闲时间：给自己留出一些时间，以便处理紧急任务或突发事件。\n\n7. 监测进度：定期检查任务清单和时间表，以确保按计划进行，并进行必要的调整。\n\n8. 保持灵活性：计划和时间表应该是灵活的，以便在需要时进行调整。\n\n9. 使用工具：使用工具，例如日历、任务列表、提醒和时间跟踪软件，以帮助你更好地制定计划和时间表。\n\n记住，制定计划和时间表是一个不断调整和改进的过程。始终保持灵活性和适应性，以便更好地应对变化和挑战。"}, {"human": "你能推荐一些好用的时间管理软件吗？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些常用的时间管理软件：\n\n1. Todoist：一款功能强大的任务管理软件，支持多平台使用，可以设定任务的优先级和截止日期，还可以创建子任务和标签等。\n\n2. Trello：一款基于卡片的项目管理工具，可以创建卡片、列表和面板，以便组织任务和项目。\n\n3. Focus@Will：一款专注音乐应用程序，可以提高注意力和工作效率。\n\n4. RescueTime：一款自动跟踪时间的应用程序，可以记录你在电脑和手机上的应用程序使用情况，并根据你的行为模式提供建议。\n\n5. Forest：一款有趣的应用程序，可以通过种植树木的方式鼓励用户专注工作，如果用户中途离开应用程序，树木就会枯萎。\n\n6. Focus Booster：一款基于Pomodoro技术的倒计时应用程序，可以帮助用户集中精力工作一段时间，然后休息一段时间。\n\n以上这些时间管理软件都有其特点和优缺点，建议根据个人需求和使用习惯选择适合自己的软件。"}, {"human": "你知道什么是Pomodoro技术吗？", "assistant": "Pomodoro技术是一种时间管理技术，旨在帮助人们更好地管理时间和提高工作效率。它的基本原理是将工作时间划分为25分钟的工作块，每个工作块之间有短暂的休息时间，通常为5分钟左右。\n\n使用Pomodoro技术时，您可以按以下方式进行操作：\n\n1. 选择一个任务。\n\n2. 设定一个25分钟的计时器，开始工作。\n\n3. 在计时器铃声响起时，停止工作，休息5分钟。\n\n4. 每完成四个工作块，休息时间可以延长至15-30分钟。\n\n这种技术可以帮助人们集中精力、减少分心，从而提高工作效率。它还可以避免过度工作和疲劳，因为短暂的休息时间可以让大脑得到充分的休息和恢复。\n\n现在有许多应用程序和工具可以帮助人们使用Pomodoro技术，例如Focus Booster、Tomighty、Pomodoro Timer等。"}, {"human": "你认为哪种时间管理方法更适合我？", "assistant": "选择适合自己的时间管理方法是一个因人而异的过程。以下是一些常用的时间管理方法，你可以从中选择适合自己的方法：\n\n1. GTD方法：GTD是Getting Things Done的缩写，这种方法注重任务的收集、整理、评估、安排和执行。\n\n2. Eisenhower矩阵：这种方法将任务分为四个象限，根据重要性和紧急性进行排序和处理。\n\n3. Pomodoro技术：该技术将工作时间划分为25分钟的工作块，并在每个工作块之间设定短暂的休息时间。\n\n4. Eat the Frog：这种方法建议先处理最难的任务，因为它们往往需要最多的精力和注意力。\n\n5. 80/20法则：该方法强调将注意力集中在最有价值的20%任务上，以获得80%的成果。\n\n你可以根据自己的工作和生活习惯，选择适合自己的时间管理方法。如果你不确定哪种方法最适合自己，可以尝试不同的方法，找到最适合自己的方法。"}, {"human": "你有没有推荐的关于如何集中注意力的方法？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些有助于集中注意力的方法：\n\n1. Pomodoro技术：Pomodoro技术可以帮助你集中精力，因为它将工作时间划分为25分钟的工作块，每个工作块之间有短暂的休息时间，这有助于避免分心和疲劳。\n\n2. 避免多任务：多任务可能会分散你的注意力，因此尽可能避免同时处理多个任务。\n\n3. 创造一个没有分心的环境：尽可能消除分心因素，例如关闭社交媒体、关掉手机和电子邮件等。\n\n4. 睡眠充足：睡眠不足可能会影响注意力和工作效率，因此确保每晚睡眠充足。\n\n5. 音乐：一些人发现听音乐有助于集中精力，但要确保音乐不会分散你的注意力。\n\n6. 坚持锻炼：锻炼可以提高注意力和专注力，因此每天保持适量的运动是非常有益的。\n\n7. 冥想或深呼吸：冥想或深呼吸可以帮助你放松和集中注意力。\n\n以上这些方法都可以帮助你集中注意力，但你需要找到适合自己的方法。试试不同的方法，并找到最适合自己的方法。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 44, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "怎么能够有效地提升个人能力？", "assistant": "提升个人能力可以通过以下几个方面实现：\n\n1. 学习新知识和技能：阅读相关书籍、参加课程和工作坊、观看教育视频等学习方式，可以帮助你掌握新的知识和技能，从而提升个人能力。\n\n2. 持续练习和实践：不断地练习和实践所学的知识和技能，可以帮助你更好地掌握和应用这些技能，提高你的表现和效率。\n\n3. 寻求反馈和改进：寻求他人的反馈和建议可以帮助你发现自己的不足之处，进一步完善和改进自己的能力。\n\n4. 建立良好的工作和生活习惯：建立良好的工作和生活习惯，如合理安排时间、注意健康、保持积极态度等，可以提高你的工作效率和生活品质，从而提升个人能力。\n\n5. 社交和交流：与他人交流和合作，可以帮助你更好地了解他人的观点和经验，从而提升自己的能力和见识。"}, {"human": "对于初学者来说，如何快速掌握编程技能？", "assistant": "以下是几个建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能：\n\n1. 学习基础知识：建议先学习编程语言的基础知识和语法，例如变量、数据类型、控制结构、函数等。可以通过在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等方式学习。\n\n2. 实践编程：进行实际的编程练习是非常重要的，可以通过参加编程挑战、编写小项目等方式来进行实践。\n\n3. 寻求反馈：可以寻求他人的反馈和建议，例如在线编程社区、编程导师等，他们可以帮助你发现问题并及时纠正。\n\n4. 阅读优秀代码：阅读和分析优秀的代码可以帮助你学习其他程序员的编程思路和技巧，从而提高自己的编程能力。\n\n5. 不断学习和更新：编程技术和工具在不断更新和发展，因此需要不断学习新的知识和技能，例如学习新的编程语言、框架、工具等，以跟上技术的发展和变化。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并且需要不断地实践和学习。通过以上建议，可以帮助初学者快速掌握编程技能。"}, {"human": "除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有哪些方式可以提升自己的编程能力呢？", "assistant": "除了参加编程挑战和阅读代码，还有以下几种方式可以提升自己的编程能力：\n\n1. 参与开源项目：加入一个开源项目，可以让你了解到实际的软件开发流程和团队合作方式，并且可以与其他开发人员合作，学习和分享编程技巧和经验。\n\n2. 进行代码重构：对已经编写的代码进行重构，可以帮助你了解更好的编程实践和设计模式，从而提高代码的可读性和可维护性。\n\n3. 练习算法和数据结构：算法和数据结构是编程中的重要基础，练习算法和数据结构可以帮助你了解不同的数据结构和算法，从而更好地解决实际问题。\n\n4. 学习软件工程和架构：学习软件工程和架构的知识，可以帮助你了解如何设计和构建可靠、可扩展和可维护的软件系统。\n\n5. 参加编程社区和论坛：参加编程社区和论坛可以让你与其他开发人员分享和讨论编程经验和技巧，了解最新的技术趋势和解决方案。\n\n总之，提升编程能力需要不断地学习和实践，并与其他开发人员和编程专家进行交流和合作，以获取更多的经验和知识。"}, {"human": "你有没有推荐的编程挑战网站？", "assistant": "当然，以下是一些值得推荐的编程挑战网站：\n\n1. HackerRank：HackerRank 是一个全球领先的技术招聘平台，提供数百种编程挑战和比赛，包括算法、数据结构、数学、SQL、AI 等多个技术领域。\n\n2. LeetCode：LeetCode 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n3. Codeforces：Codeforces 是一个全球知名的编程竞赛网站，提供数百个比赛和练习题目，主要涵盖算法和数据结构。\n\n4. Codewars：Codewars 是一个在线编程学习和实践平台，提供数千道编程题目，主要涵盖算法、数据结构、面向对象编程等多个技术领域。\n\n5. Project Euler：Project Euler 是一个非营利性的在线编程挑战平台，提供一系列数学和计算机科学问题，需要用编程语言进行解答。\n\n以上这些编程挑战网站可以帮助你提高编程能力，并且可以与其他编程爱好者进行交流和竞争。"}, {"human": "在学习编程的过程中，如何避免陷入困境和放弃呢？", "assistant": "学习编程是一个需要长期坚持和不断学习的过程，以下是一些避免陷入困境和放弃的方法：\n\n1. 制定合理的学习计划：制定合理的学习计划，包括学习时间、学习内容、目标等，可以帮助你更好地管理时间和精力，避免学习过程中的松懈和分心。\n\n2. 寻找合适的学习资源：选择适合自己的学习资源，例如在线课程、编程书籍、视频教程等，可以让你更好地了解和掌握编程知识和技能。\n\n3. 寻求帮助和支持：在学习过程中，遇到问题和困难是很正常的，可以寻求他人的帮助和支持，例如参加编程社区、找到编程导师等。\n\n4. 进行实践和项目：实践和项目是学习编程的重要组成部分，可以帮助你更好地了解和掌握编程技能，同时也可以提高学习的兴趣和动力。\n\n5. 坚持并保持兴趣：坚持学习和保持兴趣是学习编程的关键。可以通过参加编程社区、参加编程竞赛、与其他编程爱好者交流等方式来保持兴趣和动力。\n\n总之，学习编程需要耐心和坚持，并需要不断学习和实践。通过以上方法可以帮助你避免陷入困境和放弃。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 45, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "使用哪些方法可以进行文本分析？", "assistant": "文本分析有很多方法，以下是其中一些常用的方法：\n\n1. 词频分析：对文本中的每个单词进行计数，以确定哪些单词出现频率最高。\n\n2. 文本分类：将文本分成不同的类别，例如正面评论与负面评论、新闻文章的主题等。\n\n3. 情感分析：分析文本中的情绪和情感，例如积极、消极、中性等。\n\n4. 实体识别：从文本中识别出人名、地名、组织机构等实体。\n\n5. 主题建模：通过识别文本中的关键词和主题，来确定文本的主要内容。\n\n6. 关系抽取：从文本中提取出实体之间的关系，例如“x是y的父母”等。\n\n这些方法可以单独应用，也可以结合使用，以获得更全面的文本分析结果。"}, {"human": "我可以使用哪些工具来进行文本分析呢？", "assistant": "现在有很多文本分析工具可供选择，以下是一些常用的工具：\n\n1. Python：Python是一种强大的编程语言，有很多文本分析库，例如NLTK、spaCy、TextBlob等。\n\n2. R：R是另一种流行的编程语言，也有很多文本分析库，例如tm、qdap、openNLP等。\n\n3. IBM Watson：IBM Watson是一个基于云的平台，提供了各种人工智能服务，包括文本分析、情感分析、实体识别等。\n\n4. Google Cloud Natural Language API：Google Cloud Natural Language API是一个基于云的自然语言处理服务，可以进行情感分析、实体识别、语法分析等。\n\n5. Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services：Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services是一个基于云的自然语言处理服务，提供了各种文本分析功能，例如情感分析、实体识别、关键字提取等。\n\n6. RapidMiner：RapidMiner是一个数据挖掘工具，可以用于文本分析、情感分析、主题建模等。\n\n这些工具有些是免费的，有些需要支付费用，选择合适的工具应该根据自己的需求和预算来决定。"}, {"human": "我想了解一下IBM Watson的文本分析服务具体可以做什么？", "assistant": "IBM Watson的文本分析服务可以进行以下几种分析：\n\n1. 情感分析：可以识别文本中的情绪和情感，例如积极、消极、中性等，并给出相应的置信度。\n\n2. 实体识别：可以从文本中识别出人名、地名、组织机构等实体，并将它们分类。\n\n3. 关键字提取：可以从文本中提取出关键字，例如重要的名词、动词等。\n\n4. 概念提取：可以从文本中提取出一些概念，例如“苹果”可以被识别为一种水果。\n\n5. 关系提取：可以从文本中提取出实体之间的关系，例如“x是y的父母”等关系。\n\n6. 情感分析器定制：可以基于用户自己的数据训练一个定制的情感分析器。\n\n通过这些分析，IBM Watson的文本分析服务可以帮助用户更好地理解文本数据，并从中得到有价值的信息。"}, {"human": "对于非英语文本，以上提到的工具和方法是否也适用？", "assistant": "以上提到的工具和方法在处理非英语文本时同样适用，但需要注意以下几点：\n\n1. 语言支持：需要确保工具和服务支持所需的语言。例如，IBM Watson的文本分析服务支持多种语言，包括英语、中文、日语、法语、德语等。\n\n2. 分词：对于一些非英语语言，分词可能需要采用不同的规则和算法。例如，中文采用的是基于词语的分词，而非基于空格或标点符号。\n\n3. 语法规则：不同语言的语法规则也有所不同，需要根据具体语言的语法规则进行处理。\n\n4. 语料库：许多文本分析方法都需要大量的语料库进行训练和测试。对于一些非英语语言，可能需要自己构建语料库，或使用已有的语料库。\n\n总之，在处理非英语文本时，需要考虑具体语言的特点，并选择适合该语言的工具和方法。"}, {"human": "如何判断一个文本分析结果的准确性？", "assistant": "判断文本分析结果的准确性是一个相对复杂的问题，因为不同的分析方法和工具有不同的精度和误差率。以下是一些常用的方法：\n\n1. 人工标注：可以将部分文本数据进行人工标注，然后将分析结果与人工标注结果进行比较，以确定分析结果的准确性。\n\n2. 交叉验证：可以将数据集分成几个部分，然后用其中一部分进行训练，用另外一部分进行测试和验证，以确定分析结果的准确性。\n\n3. 评估指标：可以使用一些评估指标，例如准确率、召回率、F1分数等，来评估分析结果的准确性。\n\n4. 实际应用：最终评估文本分析结果的准确性，还需要考虑实际应用中的情况。例如，情感分析的准确性可能会受到语言的复杂性、语境的影响等因素影响。\n\n在判断文本分析结果的准确性时，需要综合考虑以上因素，并选择合适的方法和指标来评估分析结果的准确性。"}, {"human": "如何选择合适的文本分析方法和工具？", "assistant": "选择合适的文本分析方法和工具需要考虑以下因素：\n\n1. 任务需求：首先需要明确自己的任务需求，例如进行情感分析、主题建模、实体识别等。根据任务需求选择合适的方法和工具。\n\n2. 数据类型：需要考虑分析的数据类型，例如文本数据的格式、语言、长度等。不同的数据类型可能需要使用不同的分析方法和工具。\n\n3. 精度要求：需要考虑分析结果的精度要求，例如对于一些需要高精度的应用，可能需要选择精度更高的分析方法和工具。\n\n4. 预算限制：需要考虑自己的预算限制，例如一些商业化的文本分析工具可能需要支付费用，而一些开源的工具则可以免费使用。\n\n5. 技术难度：需要考虑自己的技术水平和经验，选择合适的方法和工具能够提高工作效率和准确性。\n\n6. 可扩展性：需要考虑自己的任务是否需要扩展到更大的数据集或更复杂的场景，选择具有可扩展性的工具和方法能够更好地适应未来的需求。\n\n综合考虑以上因素，可以选择适合自己任务需求、数据类型、精度要求、预算限制、技术难度和可扩展性的文本分析方法和工具。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 46, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "如何利用技术来实现任务的自动化？", "assistant": "实现任务的自动化需要根据具体的任务和技术来进行选择，以下是一些常见的自动化技术：\n\n1. 脚本自动化：通过编写脚本来实现自动化，例如Python、Shell等脚本语言。\n\n2. 流程自动化工具：例如IFTTT、Zapier、Integromat等工具，可以通过连接不同的应用程序和服务来自动化任务。\n\n3. 自动化测试工具：例如Selenium、Appium等工具，可以自动化执行测试用例。\n\n4. 机器学习和人工智能：通过训练模型和算法来自动化决策和任务执行。\n\n5. 自动化流水线：例如Jenkins、GitLab等工具，可以自动化构建、测试和部署软件。\n\n6. 大数据处理工具：例如Hadoop、Spark等工具，可以自动化处理海量数据。\n\n以上技术可以根据具体情况选择，例如如果需要自动化处理文本数据，可以使用Python编写脚本；如果需要自动化执行测试用例，可以使用Selenium等自动化测试工具。"}, {"human": "你能介绍一下Python中用于自动化任务的常见库吗？", "assistant": "当今Python中最常用于自动化任务的库有很多，以下是其中一些：\n\n1. os库：用于执行操作系统相关任务，如文件操作、目录操作等。\n\n2. shutil库：用于执行高级文件操作，如复制、移动、重命名等。\n\n3. glob库：用于获取符合特定模式的文件路径，方便批量处理文件。\n\n4. time库：用于获取当前时间、休眠程序、计时等。\n\n5. datetime库：用于处理日期和时间。\n\n6. requests库：用于向Web服务器发送HTTP请求并获取响应。\n\n7. BeautifulSoup库：用于解析HTML和XML文档，方便获取特定信息。\n\n8. selenium库：用于自动化测试和执行Web自动化任务。\n\n9. PyAutoGUI库：用于自动化控制鼠标和键盘，方便执行GUI自动化任务。\n\n10. pandas库：用于处理和分析数据，方便进行数据处理和分析自动化。\n\n以上是一些常见的Python自动化任务库，可以根据具体需求选择使用。"}, {"human": "如何利用Python处理Excel文件？", "assistant": "Python中有很多库可以用来处理Excel文件，以下是其中两个常用的库：\n\n1. openpyxl：该库可以读取、写入和修改Excel文件，支持Excel 2010及以上版本。使用openpyxl库可以轻松地创建、修改和保存Excel表格，操作Excel的各种元素。\n\n示例代码：\n\n```python\nimport openpyxl\n\n# 打开Excel文件\nwb = openpyxl.load_workbook('example.xlsx')\n\n# 选择工作表\nsheet = wb['Sheet1']\n\n# 获取单元格的值\ncell_value = sheet['A1'].value\n\n# 设置单元格的值\nsheet['A1'] = 'Hello World'\n\n# 保存文件\nwb.save('example.xlsx')\n```\n\n2. pandas：该库是一个数据分析工具，支持读取、写入和修改Excel文件，可以更方便地处理和分析数据。使用pandas库可以快速读取Excel文件、进行数据筛选、排序、分组和统计等操作。\n\n示例代码：\n\n```python\nimport pandas as pd\n\n# 读取Excel文件\ndf = pd.read_excel('example.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1')\n\n# 获取指定列的数据\ndata = df['列名']\n\n# 筛选数据\nnew_df = df[df['列名'] > 10]\n\n# 保存文件\nnew_df.to_excel('new_example.xlsx', index=False)\n```\n\n以上是两个常用的Python库，可以用于处理Excel文件。在实际应用中，根据具体需求选择使用。"}, {"human": "有没有一些常用的工具可以帮助我自动化任务？", "assistant": "当今市场上有很多工具可以帮助你自动化任务，以下是其中一些：\n\n1. IFTTT：一款在线自动化工具，可以通过连接不同的应用程序和服务来自动化任务。\n\n2. Zapier：一款在线自动化工具，可以连接多个应用程序和服务，实现自动化任务。\n\n3. Integromat：一款在线自动化工具，可以连接多个应用程序和服务，实现自动化任务。\n\n4. Airtable：一款在线数据库工具，可以用于管理和分析数据，也可以用于自动化任务。\n\n5. Microsoft Power Automate：一个Microsoft Office 365的自动化工具，可以自动化Microsoft Office 365中的任务。\n\n6. Google Apps Script：一种基于JavaScript的脚本语言，可以用于自动化Google应用程序。\n\n7. Selenium：一款自动化测试工具，可以自动化执行Web应用程序的测试任务。\n\n8. UiPath：一款机器人流程自动化软件，可以自动化执行各种任务，包括数据抓取、处理、自动填充表单等。\n\n以上是一些常用的自动化工具，可以根据具体需求选择使用。"}, {"human": "能否介绍一些用于自动化数据分析的Python库？", "assistant": "当今Python中有很多用于自动化数据分析的库，以下是其中一些：\n\n1. Pandas：用于数据处理和分析的库，支持数据读取、清洗、转换、筛选、排序、分组和统计等操作。\n\n2. NumPy：用于科学计算的库，支持数组计算、线性代数、傅里叶变换、随机数生成等操作。\n\n3. SciPy：用于科学计算和技术计算的库，支持统计分析、优化、插值、信号处理等操作。\n\n4. Matplotlib：用于数据可视化的库，支持绘制各种类型的数据图表，包括折线图、散点图、柱状图、饼图等。\n\n5. Seaborn：基于Matplotlib的数据可视化库，提供了更高级的图表和样式。\n\n6. Plotly：用于交互式数据可视化的库，支持绘制各种类型的数据图表，并提供了交互式功能和动画效果。\n\n7. Scikit-learn：用于机器学习和数据挖掘的库，支持各种机器学习算法和数据预处理工具。\n\n8. TensorFlow：用于深度学习的库，支持各种深度学习算法和神经网络模型。\n\n以上是一些常用的Python库，可以用于自动化数据分析。在实际应用中，可以根据具体需求选择使用。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 47, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "How can I most efficiently manage my time?", "assistant": "Here are some tips to manage your time more efficiently:\n\n1. Make a schedule: Create a schedule of your daily tasks and prioritize them based on importance.\n\n2. Use time blocks: Group similar tasks together and allocate specific time blocks for each task.\n\n3. Take breaks: Take short breaks in between tasks to help you stay focused and avoid burnout.\n\n4. Eliminate distractions: Remove any distractions that could interfere with your work, such as social media notifications or emails.\n\n5. Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others to free up your time for more important tasks.\n\n6. Use technology: Use productivity apps or tools to help you manage your time, such as time-tracking apps, task management tools, or calendar apps.\n\n7. Be flexible: Be open to adjusting your schedule as needed and be willing to adapt to changes in your workload or priorities.\n\nRemember, effective time management requires discipline and practice, but by implementing these tips, you can increase your productivity and achieve your goals more efficiently."}, {"human": "Can you recommend any time-tracking apps?", "assistant": "Sure, here are some popular time-tracking apps you can use:\n\n1. Toggl: Toggl is a simple and easy-to-use time-tracking app that allows you to track how much time you spend on each task or project.\n\n2. RescueTime: RescueTime is a time-tracking app that runs in the background and tracks how much time you spend on various websites and applications.\n\n3. Harvest: Harvest is a time-tracking app that also allows you to create and send invoices based on the time you've tracked.\n\n4. Clockify: Clockify is a free time-tracking app that lets you track time on multiple projects and tasks, and generate reports based on your time data.\n\n5. Timely: Timely is a time-tracking app that uses AI to automatically track your time and create a visual timeline of your workday.\n\n6. Everhour: Everhour is a time-tracking app that integrates with popular project management tools like Asana, Trello, and Basecamp.\n\nThese apps can help you track your time more accurately, improve your productivity, and help you stay on top of your work."}, {"human": "Can you explain how Clockify generates reports based on time data?", "assistant": "Certainly! Clockify generates reports based on the time data you input into the app. Once you've tracked your time for different tasks or projects, you can generate reports that provide detailed insights into your work habits and productivity. Here are some of the features of Clockify's reporting system:\n\n1. Customizable reports: Clockify allows you to customize your reports based on a variety of criteria, such as date range, project, client, or task.\n\n2. Summary reports: Clockify can generate summary reports that provide an overview of your time data, including your total hours worked, billable hours, and non-billable hours.\n\n3. Detailed reports: You can also generate detailed reports that show a breakdown of your time data by day, week, month, or year.\n\n4. Exportable reports: Clockify allows you to export your reports in a variety of formats, including PDF, CSV, and Excel.\n\n5. Dashboard: Clockify has a dashboard that provides a real-time overview of your time data, including your current and upcoming tasks, as well as your progress towards your goals.\n\nOverall, Clockify's reporting system can provide valuable insights into your work habits and productivity, helping you make better decisions about how to manage your time and resources."}, {"human": "Can Clockify be integrated with other project management tools besides Asana, Trello, and Basecamp?", "assistant": "Yes, Clockify can be integrated with other project management tools as well. In addition to Asana, Trello, and Basecamp, Clockify also integrates with many other popular project management tools, including:\n\n1. Jira: Jira is a popular project management tool used by many software development teams. With Clockify's Jira integration, you can track your time directly from Jira issues.\n\n2. ClickUp: ClickUp is a flexible task management tool that can be customized to fit any workflow. Clockify's ClickUp integration allows you to track time on individual tasks or projects.\n\n3. Monday.com: Monday.com is a visual project management tool that allows teams to collaborate and manage their work from a single platform. Clockify's Monday.com integration allows you to track time on tasks and projects directly from the Monday.com interface.\n\n4. Todoist: Todoist is a popular task management app that can be used to manage personal to-do lists or team projects. Clockify's Todoist integration allows you to track time on individual tasks or projects.\n\n5. MeisterTask: MeisterTask is a project management tool that allows teams to collaborate and manage their work from a single platform. Clockify's MeisterTask integration allows you to track time on individual tasks or projects directly from the MeisterTask interface.\n\nThere are many other project management tools that Clockify integrates with, so you can choose the one that works best for your team and your workflow."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 48, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该怎样使用AI来自动化流程？", "assistant": "使用AI自动化流程可以帮助您提高效率，减少错误，节省时间和成本。以下是一些步骤，可以帮助您开始使用AI自动化流程：\n\n1. 确定需要自动化的流程：首先，您需要确定需要自动化的流程。这可以是任何重复性的或繁琐的任务，您可以使用AI来完成这些任务。例如，数据输入，文档处理，客户支持等。\n\n2. 选择适合您的AI技术：多种AI技术可用于自动化流程，例如机器学习，自然语言处理，计算机视觉等。选择适合您需求的技术。\n\n3. 收集和准备数据：AI需要大量的数据来学习和识别模式。您需要准备和清理数据，并将其格式化为AI可以理解的格式。\n\n4. 训练和测试AI模型：您需要使用准备好的数据来训练AI模型，并对其进行测试和调整，以确保其准确性和可靠性。\n\n5. 部署AI模型：一旦模型被训练和测试完成，您可以将其部署到您的工作流中，并开始自动化流程。您可能需要进行一些调整和优化以确保其良好运行。\n\n6. 监控和维护：自动化流程后，需要持续监控和维护AI模型，以确保其始终保持准确性和可靠性。\n\n以上是一些使用AI自动化流程的步骤。请注意，这需要一定的专业技能和资源，但一旦完成，可以带来显著的效益。"}, {"human": "我了解过机器学习，但是自然语言处理和计算机视觉听起来都很新奇。您能详细介绍一下吗？", "assistant": "当您使用机器学习时，自然语言处理和计算机视觉是两个常见的领域。以下是它们的详细介绍：\n\n1. 自然语言处理（NLP）：自然语言处理是指计算机使用人类语言的能力。这个领域的目标是在计算机上自动处理和理解文本和语音数据。 NLP技术可以帮助计算机理解和解决自然语言问题，例如语音识别、文本分类、机器翻译、情感分析等。通常，NLP使用机器学习算法来处理和分析大量的自然语言数据。\n\n2. 计算机视觉：计算机视觉是指计算机使用摄像头和图像数据的能力。这个领域的目标是让计算机能够理解和分析图像和视频数据。计算机视觉技术可以帮助计算机识别和分类图像、检测物体、跟踪运动、进行图像分割等。计算机视觉通常使用深度学习算法，例如卷积神经网络（CNN）和循环神经网络（RNN）来处理和分析图像和视频数据。\n\n总之，自然语言处理和计算机视觉是两个非常有用的AI领域，它们可以帮助计算机处理和分析大量的自然语言和图像数据。这些技术可以用于许多不同的应用程序，例如自动翻译、智能语音助手、视频监控、医学图像分析等。"}, {"human": "机器学习中的监督式和无监督式有什么区别？", "assistant": "机器学习中的监督式和无监督式是两种不同的学习方法，其主要区别在于对训练数据的处理方式。\n\n1. 监督式学习：监督式学习是指使用带有标签的训练数据来训练机器学习模型。标签是指每个训练样本的正确答案或输出。在监督式学习中，模型使用这些标签来学习如何预测新的未标记数据的正确答案。监督式学习适用于分类和回归问题。例如，使用监督式学习来训练一个模型来预测股票价格，给定一些历史数据来预测未来价格。\n\n2. 无监督式学习：无监督式学习是指使用未标记的训练数据来训练机器学习模型。在无监督式学习中，模型需要自己学习数据中的模式和结构。无监督式学习适用于聚类和降维问题。例如，使用无监督式学习来将照片分组，找到其中的相似性和区别性。\n\n总之，监督式学习使用带有标签的训练数据来训练模型，而无监督式学习使用未标记的训练数据来训练模型。这些方法适用于不同的问题类型，并且通常需要不同的算法和技术来实现。"}, {"human": "除了监督式和无监督式学习，还有其他的机器学习方法吗？", "assistant": "除了监督式和无监督式学习，还有一些其他的机器学习方法。以下是一些常见的机器学习方法：\n\n1. 半监督式学习：半监督式学习是指同时使用带有标签和未标记的训练数据来训练机器学习模型。这种方法通常使用少量带有标签的数据和大量未标记的数据。半监督式学习可以帮助提高模型的准确性，同时减少标记数据的成本。\n\n2. 强化学习：强化学习是一种通过与环境交互来学习最优策略的机器学习方法。在强化学习中，模型不是通过带有标签的数据来学习，而是通过在一个环境中执行动作并获得奖励或惩罚来学习。强化学习适用于决策问题，例如游戏和机器人控制。\n\n3. 迁移学习：迁移学习是指将一个领域中学到的知识和经验应用于另一个领域中的机器学习方法。这种方法可以帮助在新领域中快速训练模型，同时减少标记数据的需求。例如，使用在图像识别中训练的模型来识别医学图像。\n\n4. 深度学习：深度学习是一种使用多层神经网络来学习复杂模式和结构的机器学习方法。深度学习可以用于各种任务，例如图像识别、自然语言处理、语音识别等。\n\n总之，除了监督式和无监督式学习外，还有许多其他的机器学习方法，它们可以应用于各种不同的问题和应用领域。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 49, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "What tips do you have for balancing work and home life?", "assistant": "Here are a few tips for balancing work and home life:\n\n1. Set clear boundaries: Establish clear boundaries between work and home life. Try to stick to a regular work schedule and avoid working during your personal time.\n\n2. Prioritize your tasks: Prioritize your tasks to make sure you are accomplishing the most important things first. This can help you avoid wasting time on less important tasks and free up more time for your personal life.\n\n3. Take breaks: Taking regular breaks can help you stay focused and avoid burnout. Use your breaks to relax, exercise, or spend time with loved ones.\n\n4. Use technology to your advantage: Use technology to help you manage your work and personal life. For example, use a calendar app to schedule your work and personal commitments, or use a task management app to keep track of your to-do list.\n\n5. Learn to say no: Saying no to work commitments that don't align with your priorities can free up more time for your personal life.\n\nRemember that achieving a perfect balance between work and home life is not always possible. But by implementing these tips, you can create a healthy balance that works for you."}, {"human": "How can I develop better time management skills?", "assistant": "Developing better time management skills can be challenging, but it is important for achieving your personal and professional goals. Here are some tips to help you improve your time management skills:\n\n1. Track your time: Start by tracking your time for a week or two to get a sense of how you are currently spending your time. This will help you identify any time-wasting activities and prioritize your tasks.\n\n2. Set goals: Set clear and specific goals for what you want to achieve in your personal and professional life. This will help you prioritize your tasks and stay focused on what really matters.\n\n3. Prioritize your tasks: Identify the most important tasks and prioritize them based on their urgency and importance. Use a to-do list or a task management app to keep track of your tasks.\n\n4. Use time management tools: There are many time management tools available, such as calendars, timers, and task lists. Use these tools to help you stay organized and on track.\n\n5. Learn to say no: Saying no to non-essential tasks or commitments can help you free up more time for the things that matter most.\n\n6. Take breaks: Taking regular breaks can help you stay focused and avoid burnout. Use your breaks to relax, exercise, or spend time with loved ones.\n\nRemember that developing better time management skills takes time and practice. Be patient with yourself and stay committed to your goals."}, {"human": "Can you recommend any particular time management tools that would be helpful?", "assistant": "Sure! Here are some time management tools that you may find helpful:\n\n1. Calendar apps: Calendar apps like Google Calendar and Apple Calendar can help you schedule your appointments and tasks, set reminders, and keep track of your schedule.\n\n2. Task management apps: Task management apps like Trello, Asana, and Todoist can help you create to-do lists, set deadlines for your tasks, and prioritize your work.\n\n3. Pomodoro timers: Pomodoro timers like Focus@Will and Tomato Timer can help you stay focused by breaking your work into small, manageable chunks of time.\n\n4. Time-tracking apps: Time-tracking apps like RescueTime and Toggl can help you monitor how much time you spend on different tasks and activities, and identify areas where you can improve your productivity.\n\n5. Note-taking apps: Note-taking apps like Evernote and OneNote can help you jot down ideas, take notes during meetings, and keep track of important information.\n\n6. Distraction-blocker apps: Distraction-blocker apps like Freedom and Cold Turkey can help you stay focused by blocking distracting websites and apps during set times of day.\n\nRemember, the key to effective time management is finding a tool or set of tools that work best for you, and then using them consistently to help you stay focused and productive."}, {"human": "How can I improve my work efficiency?", "assistant": "Improving your work efficiency can help you be more productive, complete your tasks more quickly, and reduce your stress levels. Here are some tips to help you improve your work efficiency:\n\n1. Set clear goals: Set clear and specific goals for what you want to achieve and break them down into smaller, actionable steps.\n\n2. Eliminate distractions: Eliminate distractions as much as possible by turning off notifications, closing unnecessary tabs or apps, and finding a quiet space to work.\n\n3. Prioritize your tasks: Identify the most important tasks and prioritize them based on their urgency and importance.\n\n4. Use time management tools: Use tools like calendars, timers, and task lists to help you stay organized and on track.\n\n5. Automate tasks: Automate tasks like email management and scheduling appointments to free up more time for important work.\n\n6. Delegate tasks: Delegate tasks where possible to colleagues or employees to help you focus on your most important responsibilities.\n\n7. Take breaks: Taking regular breaks can help you stay focused and avoid burnout. Use your breaks to relax, exercise, or spend time with loved ones.\n\nRemember, improving your work efficiency takes time and practice. Be patient with yourself and stay committed to your goals."}], "dataset": "moss"}
{"conversation_id": 50, "category": "Brainstorming", "conversation": [{"human": "我应该如何有效地沟通，以达到预期的结果？", "assistant": "要有效地沟通并达到预期的结果，您可以考虑以下几点：\n\n1. 确定您的目标和受众：在开始沟通之前，请确保您清楚自己想要达到的目标，并且了解您的受众是谁。了解受众的需求和利益，有助于您更好地传达信息。\n\n2. 选择合适的沟通方式：根据您的目标和受众类型，选择最适合的沟通方式。例如，对于一些简单的信息，可以使用电子邮件或即时消息，而对于更复杂的信息，则可能需要面对面的会议或电话沟通。\n\n3. 清晰明了地表达：在沟通过程中，确保您的语言简洁明了，避免使用术语或缩写，以确保信息传达的清晰易懂。\n\n4. 聆听和回应：在沟通中，聆听对方的意见和反馈，并回应他们的问题和疑虑。这有助于建立信任和理解，促进更好的沟通。\n\n5. 调整您的沟通策略：如果您发现您的沟通策略不起作用，请尝试进行调整。试着从不同的角度来传达信息，或者使用不同的沟通方式，以达到更好的结果。\n\n总之，要有效地沟通，您需要清晰地表达您的意图，了解您的受众，选择适当的沟通方式，并聆听和回应对方的反馈。"}, {"human": "我经常在邮件中使用缩写，这会影响我和同事之间的沟通吗？", "assistant": "在邮件中使用缩写可以提高效率，但如果您使用的缩写不是所有人都熟悉或容易误解，这可能会导致沟通障碍。如果您经常使用缩写，请确保您的同事也了解这些缩写的含义，并且使用它们的上下文清晰明了。如果您使用的缩写是您的同事不熟悉的，最好在第一次使用之前提供解释，以确保信息传达的清晰明了。另外，如果您的同事不想使用缩写，请尊重他们的选择，使用全称来表达您的意思。总之，缩写可以提高效率，但使用前请确保您的同事也了解这些缩写的含义，并且使用它们的上下文清晰明了。"}, {"human": "有什么方法可以更好地了解我的受众，以便我在沟通中选择合适的方式和语言？", "assistant": "要更好地了解您的受众，您可以使用以下方法：\n\n1. 了解受众的背景：了解受众的职业、教育背景、文化背景和个人兴趣爱好等，可以帮助您更好地理解他们的需求。\n\n2. 与受众交流：与受众交流可以让您更好地了解他们的想法、反应和需求。可以通过会议、电话、电子邮件或其他适当的方式与受众交流。\n\n3. 观察受众的反应：观察受众的反应可以帮助您更好地了解他们对您的沟通方式和语言的反应。如果您发现您的受众不理解您的信息，那么您可能需要调整您的沟通方式和语言。\n\n4. 使用调查和调研：使用调查和调研可以让您更好地了解您的受众的需求和兴趣。您可以使用在线调查工具或其他适当的方式进行调查和调研。\n\n总之，要更好地了解您的受众，您需要与他们交流、观察他们的反应、了解他们的背景，并使用调查和调研等方法。这将帮助您更好地选择适当的沟通方式和语言，并更好地传达信息。"}, {"human": "在沟通中，如何处理同事的不理解和质疑？", "assistant": "在沟通中，同事可能会出现不理解和质疑的情况，以下是一些处理方法：\n\n1. 重新解释：如果同事对您的信息不理解，可以尝试重新解释。使用更简单的语言、更具体的例子或更清晰的图表，以更好地传达信息。\n\n2. 探究原因：如果同事有质疑，可以询问他们的疑虑和担忧的原因。了解他们的想法和反应，有助于您更好地理解他们的需求，并提供更好的解决方案。\n\n3. 提供证据：如果同事对您提供的信息提出了质疑，可以提供证据来支持您的观点。这可以帮助他们更好地理解您的信息，并更容易接受它。\n\n4. 寻求第三方帮助：如果您无法解决同事的质疑，可以考虑寻求第三方的帮助。这可以是另一个同事或上级，他们可能有更好的经验或知识来解决问题。\n\n总之，在处理不理解和质疑的情况时，您应该保持冷静，尝试重新解释、探究原因、提供证据或寻求第三方帮助。这些方法可以帮助您更好地解决问题，并避免沟通障碍。"}, {"human": "我如何在面对不同文化背景的受众时避免语言和行为上的误解？", "assistant": "在面对不同文化背景的受众时，避免语言和行为上的误解是非常重要的，以下是一些方法：\n\n1. 尊重文化差异：了解不同文化之间的差异，尊重他们的价值观和习惯，可以帮助您更好地避免误解和冲突。\n\n2. 了解礼仪和文化习惯：了解不同文化的礼仪和文化习惯，可以帮助您更好地了解如何在不同文化的场景下适当地行事。\n\n3. 确认理解：在沟通中，确认您正确地理解了对方的意思，可以避免语言上的误解。您可以通过提问或简单地重述对方的话来确认您的理解。\n\n4. 避免使用行为上的暗示：避免使用行为上的暗示，因为在不同的文化背景中，这些暗示可能会被误解为不同的含义。\n\n5. 适应语言和口音：在与不同文化背景的人交流时，适应他们的语言和口音，可以帮助您更好地理解和被理解。\n\n总之，在面对不同文化背景的受众时，了解文化差异、礼仪和文化习惯、确认理解、避免使用行为上的暗示，适应语言和口音等方法，可以帮助您避免语言和行为上的误解。"}], "dataset": "moss"}
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{"prompt": "how can i develop a habit of drawing daily", "prompt_id": "086b3e24f29b8956a01059f79c56db35d118a06fb6b844b095737d042795cd43", "chosen": [{"content": "how can i develop a habit of drawing daily", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Developing a daily habit of drawing can be challenging but with consistent practice and a few tips, it can become an enjoyable and rewarding part of your daily routine. Here are some strategies to help you develop the habit of drawing daily:\n\n1. Set a specific time: Allocate a specific time of the day to draw. It could be in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Make drawing a part of your daily routine.\n2. Set a specific duration: Determine the amount of time you want to spend on drawing each day. It can be as little as 10 minutes or as long as an hour. Be consistent with the duration to help build the habit.\n3. Start small and simple: Don't try to create a masterpiece every day, start with simple and easy-to-do sketches. Focus on improving your skills gradually.\n4. Use a variety of tools and mediums: Experiment with different tools like pencils, pens, markers, and different mediums like paper, canvas, or digital apps to keep your drawing practice interesting and engaging.\n5. Take breaks and rest: Taking breaks and resting after some time of drawing can help you avoid burnout and stay motivated.\n6. Challenge yourself: Set challenges like drawing objects from memory or a specific subject to improve your skills and keep your drawing practice interesting.\n7. Track your progress: Keep a record of your daily drawing practice and track your progress. This can be a source of motivation and help you see how far you've come.\n\nRemember, developing a habit takes time and patience. Stay consistent with your drawing practice, be flexible and open to trying new things, and with time, you'll develop a habit of daily drawing that brings you joy and satisfaction.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "how can i develop a habit of drawing daily", "role": "user"}, {"content": "As an AI language model, I cannot personally develop habits for you. But, here are some tips for developing a habit of drawing daily:\n\n1. Start small: Start with simple drawings or doodles and gradually increase the complexity of your drawings.\n\n2. Set a schedule: Set a specific time every day to draw, and try to stick to it as much as possible.\n\n3. Make it fun: Don't pressure yourself to create masterpieces every time you draw. Make it a relaxing and enjoyable experience.\n\n4. Use resources: There are many drawing tutorials available online. Use resources like YouTube or online drawing courses to help you improve your skills.\n\n5. Surround yourself with inspiration: Expose yourself to a variety of art forms, such as paintings, illustrations, and photographs, to inspire and motivate you.\n\nRemember, everyone has their own creative style and pace. Just keep practicing and enjoying the process of drawing.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "how can i develop a habit of drawing daily", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Developing a daily habit of drawing can be challenging but with consistent practice and a few tips, it can become an enjoyable and rewarding part of your daily routine. Here are some strategies to help you develop the habit of drawing daily:\n\n1. Set a specific time: Allocate a specific time of the day to draw. It could be in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Make drawing a part of your daily routine.\n2. Set a specific duration: Determine the amount of time you want to spend on drawing each day. It can be as little as 10 minutes or as long as an hour. Be consistent with the duration to help build the habit.\n3. Start small and simple: Don't try to create a masterpiece every day, start with simple and easy-to-do sketches. Focus on improving your skills gradually.\n4. Use a variety of tools and mediums: Experiment with different tools like pencils, pens, markers, and different mediums like paper, canvas, or digital apps to keep your drawing practice interesting and engaging.\n5. Take breaks and rest: Taking breaks and resting after some time of drawing can help you avoid burnout and stay motivated.\n6. Challenge yourself: Set challenges like drawing objects from memory or a specific subject to improve your skills and keep your drawing practice interesting.\n7. Track your progress: Keep a record of your daily drawing practice and track your progress. This can be a source of motivation and help you see how far you've come.\n\nRemember, developing a habit takes time and patience. Stay consistent with your drawing practice, be flexible and open to trying new things, and with time, you'll develop a habit of daily drawing that brings you joy and satisfaction.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.5, "score_rejected": 8.5}
{"prompt": "how can I transform the getPosition method of antv/g's group in zrender?", "prompt_id": "2766cbd1fed7f982d94b031596e771c841668bd891383965fb30aad1108fe95c", "chosen": [{"content": "how can I transform the getPosition method of antv/g's group in zrender?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "It is not recommended to modify built-in methods as it can lead to unexpected results and potential bugs. You may consider developing a new method or exploring other methods to achieve your desired outcome. Alternatively, you can search for other libraries or modules that offer similar functionalities or reach out to the library's support team for assistance.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "how can I transform the getPosition method of antv/g's group in zrender?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Thank you for reaching out for assistance! I'm here to help you with your question. However, I must point out that the question itself may not be meaningful.\n\nThe `getPosition` method is a part of the AntV/G library, which is a gradient boosting framework. It is not clear what you mean by \"transforming\" this method, as it is not a functional programming concept. Additionally, the concept of \"zrender\" is not related to AntV/G.\n\nCould you please provide more context or clarify your question? I'd be happy to help if there's a specific issue you're facing or if you have a misunderstanding about the library. I'm here to assist you in a safe, respectful, and helpful manner.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "how can I transform the getPosition method of antv/g's group in zrender?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "It is not recommended to modify built-in methods as it can lead to unexpected results and potential bugs. You may consider developing a new method or exploring other methods to achieve your desired outcome. Alternatively, you can search for other libraries or modules that offer similar functionalities or reach out to the library's support team for assistance.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 6.5, "score_rejected": 6.5}
{"prompt": "Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased version from the original that retains the same meaning.\n\nBrockton est à environ 25 milles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island, et à 30 milles au sud de Boston.\nBrockton est situé à environ 25 miles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island et à 30 miles au sud de Boston.\n\nL'école est reliée au département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\nL'école est en liaison avec le département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\n\nCrocker a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n", "prompt_id": "0efb42706b3fcc906f579505c7cc0c4e68a640ab3862b16c08f32282fa1169f9", "chosen": [{"content": "Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased version from the original that retains the same meaning.\n\nBrockton est à environ 25 milles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island, et à 30 milles au sud de Boston.\nBrockton est situé à environ 25 miles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island et à 30 miles au sud de Boston.\n\nL'école est reliée au département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\nL'école est en liaison avec le département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\n\nCrocker a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Crockett a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n\nCrockett a moving from Natchez (Mississippi) to Vidalia, the seat of the Concordia Parish, and crossed the lower course of the Ouachita River, in the section called Black River.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased version from the original that retains the same meaning.\n\nBrockton est à environ 25 milles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island, et à 30 milles au sud de Boston.\nBrockton est situé à environ 25 miles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island et à 30 miles au sud de Boston.\n\nL'école est reliée au département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\nL'école est en liaison avec le département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\n\nCrocker a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Sure! I'd be happy to help with your questions. Here are the paraphrased versions of the sentences you provided, retaining the same meaning in French:\n\n1. Brockton is located approximately 25 miles northwest of Providence, Rhode Island, and 30 miles south of Boston.\n\n(Note: I added \"northwest\" to the direction to make the sentence more precise.)\n\n2. The school is linked to the secondary department of Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn School, which was built in 2003.\n\n(Note: I added \"secondary\" to clarify the type of department the school is linked to.)\n\n3. Crocker moved from Natchez, Mississippi, to Vidalia, the parish seat of Concordia, and crossed the lower course of the Ouachita River, in the section known as Black River.\n\n(Note: I added \"parish seat\" to clarify the location of Vidalia, and \"section\" to clarify the name of the area where the river is located.)\n\nI hope these paraphrased versions help! Let me know if you have any other questions or if there's anything else I can assist you with.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased version from the original that retains the same meaning.\n\nBrockton est à environ 25 milles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island, et à 30 milles au sud de Boston.\nBrockton est situé à environ 25 miles au nord-est de Providence, dans le Rhode Island et à 30 miles au sud de Boston.\n\nL'école est reliée au département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\nL'école est en liaison avec le département secondaire de l'école d'autisme Ysgol Plas Brondyffryn, construite en 2003.\n\nCrocker a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Crockett a déménagé de Natchez (Mississippi) à Vidalia, siège de la paroisse de Concordia, et a traversé le cours inférieur de la rivière Ouachita, dans la section appelée Black River.\n\nCrockett a moving from Natchez (Mississippi) to Vidalia, the seat of the Concordia Parish, and crossed the lower course of the Ouachita River, in the section called Black River.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 6.0, "score_rejected": 3.0}
{"prompt": "Which animal has two hands, a hyrax or a dog?", "prompt_id": "d169f4610d69b94f54b6923e11aeffe2e321e272395686378a00f0c21ab6a514", "chosen": [{"content": "Which animal has two hands, a hyrax or a dog?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Neither a hyrax nor a dog has hands. Hyraxes have four legs with feet that are adapted for climbing and gripping. Similarly, dogs also have four legs with paws. The term \"hands\" is usually reserved for primates, such as humans, which have opposable thumbs and fingers.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Which animal has two hands, a hyrax or a dog?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Thank you for your question. I'm happy to help you with that! However, I must point out that the question itself may not be factually coherent. A hyrax is a small, terrestrial mammal that belongs to the family Procaviidae, while a dog is a domesticated carnivorous mammal that belongs to the family Canidae. Neither of these animals have two hands.\n\nInstead, I suggest rephrasing the question to ensure it is factually accurate. For example, \"Which animal has four legs, a hyrax or a dog?\" would be a more appropriate and factual question.\n\nPlease let me know if there's anything else I can assist you with!", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Which animal has two hands, a hyrax or a dog?", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Neither a hyrax nor a dog has hands. Hyraxes have four legs with feet that are adapted for climbing and gripping. Similarly, dogs also have four legs with paws. The term \"hands\" is usually reserved for primates, such as humans, which have opposable thumbs and fingers.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 9.0, "score_rejected": 8.0}
{"prompt": "Can you explain more about how Tamping Coke is used in Large-Scale BF Smelting?\nGenerate according to: Tamping Coke is applicatted in Large-Scale BF Smelting.\nCarbon Tamping Coke is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace.\nIt is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF.\nHigh quality Tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "prompt_id": "ac205b0f69d45eae8dbf446673bd78284e230b6ce3381e49aa8c8e1614287185", "chosen": [{"content": "Can you explain more about how Tamping Coke is used in Large-Scale BF Smelting?\nGenerate according to: Tamping Coke is applicatted in Large-Scale BF Smelting.\nCarbon Tamping Coke is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace.\nIt is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF.\nHigh quality Tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Tamping coke is a type of coke that is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace (SAF). It is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF. High quality tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.\n\nTamping coke is made from bituminous coal that has been heated to a high temperature in the absence of air. This process, called coking, removes the volatile components of the coal, leaving behind a porous, solid material that is rich in carbon.\n\nTamping coke is used in the SAF to provide a barrier between the molten iron and the refractory lining of the furnace. The coke helps to prevent the iron from reacting with the lining, which would damage the lining and shorten the life of the furnace.\n\nTamping coke also helps to distribute the heat evenly throughout the furnace. This is important because the iron must be heated to a very high temperature in order to melt. If the heat is not distributed evenly, the iron may not melt evenly, which can lead to defects in the final product.\n\nThe quality of tamping coke is important because it affects the performance of the SAF. High quality tamping coke is made from high quality coal and is processed using a controlled process. This ensures that the coke is free of impurities and has the desired properties.\n\nLow quality tamping coke may contain impurities that can react with the iron and cause defects in the final product. It may also be less porous, which means that it cannot provide as good of a barrier between the iron and the lining. This can lead to premature failure of the lining.\n\nTamping coke is an essential part of the SAF process. It provides a barrier between the molten iron and the refractory lining of the furnace, helps to distribute the heat evenly, and prevents the iron from reacting with the lining. High quality tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Can you explain more about how Tamping Coke is used in Large-Scale BF Smelting?\nGenerate according to: Tamping Coke is applicatted in Large-Scale BF Smelting.\nCarbon Tamping Coke is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace.\nIt is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF.\nHigh quality Tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Certainly! I'd be happy to help explain how Tamping Coke is used in Large-Scale BF Smelting.\n\nTamping Coke is a type of carbon-rich material that is used in the lining of submerged arc furnaces (SAFs) in large-scale steel production. The SAF is a crucial part of the steel-making process, as it allows for the efficient and controlled reduction of iron ore to produce high-quality steel.\n\nIn a typical SAF, a layer of Tamping Coke is applied over the refractory lining of the furnace. This layer acts as a protective barrier, helping to prevent the erosion of the refractory lining by the high-temperature molten metal. The Tamping Coke is softened by heating and then applied to the refractory lining, creating a seal that helps to retain the molten metal within the furnace.\n\nThe use of Tamping Coke in large-scale BF smelting is essential for several reasons:\n\n1. It helps to prolong the life of the furnace lining: By providing a protective barrier against the molten metal, Tamping Coke helps to prevent the erosion of the refractory lining, which can extend the life of the furnace.\n2. It improves the efficiency of the smelting process: By creating a seal that retains the molten metal within the furnace, Tamping Coke helps to ensure that the smelting process is efficient and effective.\n3. It reduces the risk of accidents: By preventing the molten metal from coming into contact with the refractory lining, Tamping Coke helps to reduce the risk of accidents and improves the overall safety of the smelting process.\n\nOverall, the use of Tamping Coke in large-scale BF smelting is a critical aspect of the steel-making process, as it helps to improve the efficiency, safety, and longevity of the furnace.\n\nI hope this helps to clarify the role of Tamping Coke in large-scale BF smelting! Do you have any further questions on this topic?", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Can you explain more about how Tamping Coke is used in Large-Scale BF Smelting?\nGenerate according to: Tamping Coke is applicatted in Large-Scale BF Smelting.\nCarbon Tamping Coke is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace.\nIt is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF.\nHigh quality Tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Tamping coke is a type of coke that is used in the lining of the submerged arc furnace (SAF). It is softened by heating and then applied over the refractory lining of the SAF. High quality tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.\n\nTamping coke is made from bituminous coal that has been heated to a high temperature in the absence of air. This process, called coking, removes the volatile components of the coal, leaving behind a porous, solid material that is rich in carbon.\n\nTamping coke is used in the SAF to provide a barrier between the molten iron and the refractory lining of the furnace. The coke helps to prevent the iron from reacting with the lining, which would damage the lining and shorten the life of the furnace.\n\nTamping coke also helps to distribute the heat evenly throughout the furnace. This is important because the iron must be heated to a very high temperature in order to melt. If the heat is not distributed evenly, the iron may not melt evenly, which can lead to defects in the final product.\n\nThe quality of tamping coke is important because it affects the performance of the SAF. High quality tamping coke is made from high quality coal and is processed using a controlled process. This ensures that the coke is free of impurities and has the desired properties.\n\nLow quality tamping coke may contain impurities that can react with the iron and cause defects in the final product. It may also be less porous, which means that it cannot provide as good of a barrier between the iron and the lining. This can lead to premature failure of the lining.\n\nTamping coke is an essential part of the SAF process. It provides a barrier between the molten iron and the refractory lining of the furnace, helps to distribute the heat evenly, and prevents the iron from reacting with the lining. High quality tamping coke is essential for the long life of the furnace lining.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.0, "score_rejected": 6.0}
{"prompt": "Write a eulogy for a public figure who inspired you.", "prompt_id": "fe97b9785d86a2466561687a0614b68dbc1cd6cd90af057e6dfa56c3fa80fb85", "chosen": [{"content": "Write a eulogy for a public figure who inspired you.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Ladies and gentlemen, family and friends, distinguished guests, we gather here today to celebrate the life and legacy of a great leader, an inspirational figure, and a true patriot – the Honorable John Adams.\n\nJohn Adams was a man who dedicated his life to serving his country and advocating for the rights of his fellow citizens. He was a Founding Father, a statesman, a lawyer, a diplomat, and a voracious learner who never ceased to seek knowledge and wisdom. He believed that through education and hard work, anyone could rise above their circumstances and make a positive impact on the world.\n\nAs a member of the Continental Congress, Adams played a critical role in shaping our nation's founding documents, including the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He believed that government should exist to serve the needs of its people, and that every person possesses inherent rights that must be protected by the rule of law.\n\nAdams' commitment to these principles did not go unnoticed, and he was often viewed as a controversial figure during his lifetime. But he never wavered in his beliefs or his dedication to serving the public good. He was a champion of human rights, a defender of the oppressed, and a voice for the voiceless.\n\nPerhaps most importantly, John Adams was a man who inspired others to greatness. He had a profound impact on the lives of those around him, encouraging them to pursue their passions, stand up for what they believe in, and never give up on their dreams.\n\nAmong those whom he inspired was his wife Abigail, who was not only his partner in life but also his intellectual equal and trusted advisor. Together, they raised a family and built a legacy that would endure for generations to come.\n\nJohn Adams was a man who lived by the principles he advocated for, and he left an indelible mark on our nation's history. He was a true patriot who loved his country deeply and sacrificed much to ensure that it would be a beacon of hope and freedom for generations to come.\n\nSo today, as we gather to remember and honor John Adams, let us be inspired by his life and his legacy. Let us strive to live up to the high standards he set, and let us continue to fight for the ideals he held so dear.\n\nIn closing, I would like to share a quote from John Adams that captures his spirit and his vision for our nation: \"Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a dearth of wolves wishing to snatch from the people the precious fruits of freedom. It is the common tendency of human nature.\"\n\nLet us honor John Adams' memory by continuing the struggle for democracy, for freedom, and for justice. May his legacy live on, inspiring future generations to carry forth the torch of liberty and uphold the ideals that he fought so hard to defend.\n\nRest in peace, John Adams, and may your spirit continue to guide and inspire us always.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Write a eulogy for a public figure who inspired you.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "We are gathered here today to celebrate the life of Stephen Hawking, a man who inspired millions around the world with his brilliance, his courage, and his determination.\n\nStephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England, in 1942. He was a brilliant student, and at the age of 17, he went to study physics at University College, Oxford. After graduating, he went on to study at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he earned his Ph.D. in cosmology.\n\nIn 1963, at the age of 21, Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, a disease that gradually paralyzes the body. At the time, doctors gave him only a few years to live. But Stephen Hawking defied the odds. He went on to live a full and productive life, making groundbreaking discoveries in physics and cosmology.\n\nIn 1974, Stephen Hawking published his landmark book, \"A Brief History of Time.\" The book became a bestseller, and it helped to popularize the subject of cosmology. Stephen Hawking went on to write several other books, including \"The Universe in a Nutshell\" and \"The Grand Design.\"\n\nStephen Hawking was also a popular lecturer. He gave talks all over the world, and he appeared on many television shows. He used his platform to talk about science and to raise awareness about ALS.\n\nStephen Hawking was a brilliant scientist and a gifted communicator. He was a true inspiration to everyone who knew him. He will be missed by all who had the privilege of knowing him.\n\nBut Stephen Hawking was more than just a brilliant scientist. He was also a courageous man who never gave up. Even as his body was slowly paralyzed, he continued to work and to make new discoveries. He inspired millions of people around the world with his example of courage and determination.\n\nStephen Hawking was a truly remarkable man. He will be missed by all who knew him. But his legacy will live on. His work in physics and cosmology will continue to inspire and amaze us for generations to come.\n\nThank you.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Write a eulogy for a public figure who inspired you.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Ladies and gentlemen, family and friends, distinguished guests, we gather here today to celebrate the life and legacy of a great leader, an inspirational figure, and a true patriot – the Honorable John Adams.\n\nJohn Adams was a man who dedicated his life to serving his country and advocating for the rights of his fellow citizens. He was a Founding Father, a statesman, a lawyer, a diplomat, and a voracious learner who never ceased to seek knowledge and wisdom. He believed that through education and hard work, anyone could rise above their circumstances and make a positive impact on the world.\n\nAs a member of the Continental Congress, Adams played a critical role in shaping our nation's founding documents, including the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He believed that government should exist to serve the needs of its people, and that every person possesses inherent rights that must be protected by the rule of law.\n\nAdams' commitment to these principles did not go unnoticed, and he was often viewed as a controversial figure during his lifetime. But he never wavered in his beliefs or his dedication to serving the public good. He was a champion of human rights, a defender of the oppressed, and a voice for the voiceless.\n\nPerhaps most importantly, John Adams was a man who inspired others to greatness. He had a profound impact on the lives of those around him, encouraging them to pursue their passions, stand up for what they believe in, and never give up on their dreams.\n\nAmong those whom he inspired was his wife Abigail, who was not only his partner in life but also his intellectual equal and trusted advisor. Together, they raised a family and built a legacy that would endure for generations to come.\n\nJohn Adams was a man who lived by the principles he advocated for, and he left an indelible mark on our nation's history. He was a true patriot who loved his country deeply and sacrificed much to ensure that it would be a beacon of hope and freedom for generations to come.\n\nSo today, as we gather to remember and honor John Adams, let us be inspired by his life and his legacy. Let us strive to live up to the high standards he set, and let us continue to fight for the ideals he held so dear.\n\nIn closing, I would like to share a quote from John Adams that captures his spirit and his vision for our nation: \"Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There is never a dearth of wolves wishing to snatch from the people the precious fruits of freedom. It is the common tendency of human nature.\"\n\nLet us honor John Adams' memory by continuing the struggle for democracy, for freedom, and for justice. May his legacy live on, inspiring future generations to carry forth the torch of liberty and uphold the ideals that he fought so hard to defend.\n\nRest in peace, John Adams, and may your spirit continue to guide and inspire us always.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.5, "score_rejected": 7.5}
{"prompt": "Using the latest scientific data and taking into account the unique environmental factors of each region, brainstorm a comprehensive set of solutions to reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. Your solutions should address both point and non-point sources of pollution, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage, and should take into account the potential impact on local economies and communities. Additionally, provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis for each proposed solution, including the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. Finally, consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into your proposed solutions.", "prompt_id": "0d3d55f1e804e2d2a120f84e3c59b17d6d72b09ed24cd0da87b106bae1218a72", "chosen": [{"content": "Using the latest scientific data and taking into account the unique environmental factors of each region, brainstorm a comprehensive set of solutions to reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. Your solutions should address both point and non-point sources of pollution, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage, and should take into account the potential impact on local economies and communities. Additionally, provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis for each proposed solution, including the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. Finally, consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into your proposed solutions.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "As a helpful, respectful, and honest AI assistant, I'd be happy to provide information and insights to help reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems.\n\nTo address water pollution, it's essential to consider both point and non-point sources of pollution, such as agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage. Here are some comprehensive solutions that incorporate the latest scientific data and take into account the unique environmental factors of each region:\n\n1. Implement best management practices for agricultural runoff:\n\t* Install cover crops and crop rotation to reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss.\n\t* Use integrated pest management techniques to minimize pesticide and fertilizer use.\n\t* Install buffer zones along waterways to filter out pollutants.\n\t* Promote sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming and regenerative agriculture.\n2. Upgrade wastewater treatment infrastructure:\n\t* Invest in modern wastewater treatment technologies that can remove emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products.\n\t* Implement energy-efficient treatment systems that can reduce energy consumption and costs.\n\t* Increase public education and outreach programs to promote proper wastewater disposal practices.\n3. Implement green infrastructure in urban areas:\n\t* Plant native vegetation and create green spaces to absorb and filter excess nutrients and pollutants.\n\t* Install rain gardens, bioswales, and other green infrastructure elements to capture and treat stormwater runoff.\n\t* Incorporate green roofs and walls into building design to reduce stormwater runoff and mitigate the heat island effect.\n4. Promote sustainable industrial practices:\n\t* Implement green chemistry practices that reduce the use of harmful chemicals and promote sustainable manufacturing processes.\n\t* Invest in cleaner production technologies that reduce waste and emissions.\n\t* Encourage industry to adopt circular economy principles that reduce waste and promote recycling.\n5. Protect and restore natural habitats:\n\t* Restore wetlands, oyster beds, and other natural habitats that can filter and purify water.\n\t* Promote sustainable land use practices that reduce habitat destruction and promote biodiversity.\n\t* Implement catchment-based approaches that focus on protecting and restoring the entire watershed, rather than just a single point source.\n\nIn addition to these solutions, it's essential to consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into our proposed solutions. Climate change can lead to increased flooding, droughts, and extreme weather events, which can exacerbate water pollution and impact water quality. To address these challenges, we can:\n\n1. Incorporate climate resilience into water management planning:\n\t* Use climate modeling and projections to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities.\n\t* Develop adaptive management plans that can respond to changing environmental conditions.\n\t* Invest in climate-resilient infrastructure, such as sea walls, levees, and green infrastructure.\n2. Monitor and assess water quality regularly:\n\t* Use remote sensing technologies and in-situ monitoring to track changes in water quality.\n\t* Collect and analyze water samples to identify emerging contaminants and assess water quality trends.\n\t* Use this information to adjust management strategies and improve water quality over time.\n\nTo quantify the potential costs and benefits of these solutions, I can provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis that includes the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. This analysis can help policymakers and other stakeholders make informed decisions about investing in water pollution reduction strategies.\n\nOverall, reducing water pollution requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses both point and non-point sources of pollution, incorporates the latest scientific data, and considers the unique environmental factors of each region. By implementing these solutions, we can protect and restore our water ecosystems, improve public health, and promote sustainable economic growth.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Using the latest scientific data and taking into account the unique environmental factors of each region, brainstorm a comprehensive set of solutions to reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. Your solutions should address both point and non-point sources of pollution, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage, and should take into account the potential impact on local economies and communities. Additionally, provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis for each proposed solution, including the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. Finally, consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into your proposed solutions.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Comprehensive Solutions to Reduce Water Pollution:\n\n1. Improved Wastewater Treatment and Management:\n\t* Cost: Investment in advanced wastewater treatment infrastructure and technologies.\n\t* Benefits: Reduced pollutant discharge, improved water quality, and lower health risks.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Regularly update and modernize wastewater treatment facilities, incorporating climate change predictions and adaptive strategies.\n2. Incentivize Sustainable Agricultural Practices:\n\t* Cost: Financial support for farmers to adopt sustainable practices, such as cover cropping, reduced tillage, and buffer strips.\n\t* Benefits: Reduced agricultural runoff, soil erosion, and fertilizer/pesticide contamination.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Monitor and assess the effectiveness of sustainable practices, adjusting incentives and support programs based on results.\n3. Stricter Industrial Regulations and Monitoring:\n\t* Cost: Implementation and enforcement of stricter environmental regulations, periodic monitoring, and potential fines for non-compliance.\n\t* Benefits: Lower industrial pollutant discharge, improved water quality, and reduced health risks.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Regularly update regulations based on new scientific findings and industrial advancements, ensuring effective and adaptable water quality management.\n4. Green Infrastructure for Urban Areas:\n\t* Cost: Investment in green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements, rain gardens, and urban wetlands.\n\t* Benefits: Effective stormwater management, reduced sewage overflows, and improved water quality.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Assess and adjust green infrastructure based on local climate change projections and storm frequency/intensity.\n5. Promotion of Water Conservation and Efficient Water Use:\n\t* Cost: Education and awareness campaigns, financial incentives for water-efficient technologies.\n\t* Benefits: Reduced demand for water resources, lower wastewater generation, and improved water quality.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Regularly update water use guidelines and efficiency standards based on climate change predictions and water availability.\n6. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM):\n\t* Cost: Establishment of ICZM plans, coordination among different stakeholders, and investments in sustainable coastal development.\n\t* Benefits: Protection of coastal ecosystems, reduced pollution from land-based sources, and improved water quality.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Regularly reassess and update ICZM plans based on climate change impacts and coastal development trends.\n7. Ecosystem-based Water Quality Improvement:\n\t* Cost: Restoration and protection of riparian zones, wetlands, and other natural water purification systems.\n\t* Benefits: Enhanced natural water treatment processes, improved water quality, and habitat conservation.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Monitor and manage ecosystem restoration projects based on evolving water quality and climate change conditions.\n8. Regional Water Management Collaboration:\n\t* Cost: Investment in regional water management planning, cooperation, and data sharing among different stakeholders.\n\t* Benefits: Improved water resource allocation, efficient pollution control, and enhanced resilience to climate change impacts.\n\t* Adaptive Management: Continuously assess and adjust regional water management plans based on evolving water quality and climate change challenges.\n\nOverall, these comprehensive solutions consider both point and non-point sources of pollution and aim to address the unique environmental factors of each region. They incorporate adaptive management strategies, taking into account the potential impact of climate change on water quality, and strive to balance environmental, economic, and social considerations.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Using the latest scientific data and taking into account the unique environmental factors of each region, brainstorm a comprehensive set of solutions to reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. Your solutions should address both point and non-point sources of pollution, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage, and should take into account the potential impact on local economies and communities. Additionally, provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis for each proposed solution, including the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. Finally, consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into your proposed solutions.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "As a helpful, respectful, and honest AI assistant, I'd be happy to provide information and insights to help reduce water pollution in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems.\n\nTo address water pollution, it's essential to consider both point and non-point sources of pollution, such as agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and urban sewage. Here are some comprehensive solutions that incorporate the latest scientific data and take into account the unique environmental factors of each region:\n\n1. Implement best management practices for agricultural runoff:\n\t* Install cover crops and crop rotation to reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss.\n\t* Use integrated pest management techniques to minimize pesticide and fertilizer use.\n\t* Install buffer zones along waterways to filter out pollutants.\n\t* Promote sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming and regenerative agriculture.\n2. Upgrade wastewater treatment infrastructure:\n\t* Invest in modern wastewater treatment technologies that can remove emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products.\n\t* Implement energy-efficient treatment systems that can reduce energy consumption and costs.\n\t* Increase public education and outreach programs to promote proper wastewater disposal practices.\n3. Implement green infrastructure in urban areas:\n\t* Plant native vegetation and create green spaces to absorb and filter excess nutrients and pollutants.\n\t* Install rain gardens, bioswales, and other green infrastructure elements to capture and treat stormwater runoff.\n\t* Incorporate green roofs and walls into building design to reduce stormwater runoff and mitigate the heat island effect.\n4. Promote sustainable industrial practices:\n\t* Implement green chemistry practices that reduce the use of harmful chemicals and promote sustainable manufacturing processes.\n\t* Invest in cleaner production technologies that reduce waste and emissions.\n\t* Encourage industry to adopt circular economy principles that reduce waste and promote recycling.\n5. Protect and restore natural habitats:\n\t* Restore wetlands, oyster beds, and other natural habitats that can filter and purify water.\n\t* Promote sustainable land use practices that reduce habitat destruction and promote biodiversity.\n\t* Implement catchment-based approaches that focus on protecting and restoring the entire watershed, rather than just a single point source.\n\nIn addition to these solutions, it's essential to consider the potential impact of climate change on water quality and incorporate adaptive management strategies into our proposed solutions. Climate change can lead to increased flooding, droughts, and extreme weather events, which can exacerbate water pollution and impact water quality. To address these challenges, we can:\n\n1. Incorporate climate resilience into water management planning:\n\t* Use climate modeling and projections to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities.\n\t* Develop adaptive management plans that can respond to changing environmental conditions.\n\t* Invest in climate-resilient infrastructure, such as sea walls, levees, and green infrastructure.\n2. Monitor and assess water quality regularly:\n\t* Use remote sensing technologies and in-situ monitoring to track changes in water quality.\n\t* Collect and analyze water samples to identify emerging contaminants and assess water quality trends.\n\t* Use this information to adjust management strategies and improve water quality over time.\n\nTo quantify the potential costs and benefits of these solutions, I can provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis that includes the potential short-term and long-term effects on water quality, wildlife, and human health. This analysis can help policymakers and other stakeholders make informed decisions about investing in water pollution reduction strategies.\n\nOverall, reducing water pollution requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses both point and non-point sources of pollution, incorporates the latest scientific data, and considers the unique environmental factors of each region. By implementing these solutions, we can protect and restore our water ecosystems, improve public health, and promote sustainable economic growth.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 7.0, "score_rejected": 7.0}
{"prompt": "Write a research paper examining the links between substance abuse and mental health, including an analysis of the impact of specific substances on mental health, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. The paper should be written in APA style and include a thorough literature review, as well as original research or analysis. Additionally, the paper should consider potential policy implications and recommendations for future research.", "prompt_id": "f8cd22fd7f7504254aadd832172a1849a2c826b4946e8de3bfadde965838ae18", "chosen": [{"content": "Write a research paper examining the links between substance abuse and mental health, including an analysis of the impact of specific substances on mental health, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. The paper should be written in APA style and include a thorough literature review, as well as original research or analysis. Additionally, the paper should consider potential policy implications and recommendations for future research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Title: Substance Abuse and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review\n\nAbstract:\nSubstance abuse and mental health disorders are complex interrelated issues that often co-occur, leading to significant personal, social, and economic strain. This paper explores the synergistic effects of substance abuse on mental health, the impact of specific substances on mental health outcomes, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. It also considers potential policy implications and recommends future research directions.\n\nIntroduction:\nSubstance abuse and mental health disorders are prevalent in the general population, and are often found to co-occur at higher rates. This phenomenon is referred to as comorbidity. The relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders may be bidirectional, with substance abuse exacerbating or contributing to the onset of mental health disorders, and vice versa.\n\nLiterature Review:\nNumerous studies have established a significant relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders. Alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs have all been found to have negative impacts on mental health. Alcohol abuse is associated with increased risk for depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Illicit drug use, particularly among young adults, is linked to increased risk for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Misuse of prescription drugs, such as opioids and stimulants, can lead to substance-induced disorders, as well as exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions.\n\nThe comorbidity of substance abuse and mental health disorders has significant implications for treatment. Traditional approaches to treating these disorders separately may not be effective and may result in worse outcomes. A more integrated approach, treating both disorders simultaneously, has been found to be more effective in improving mental health outcomes and reducing substance use.\n\nOriginal Research/Analysis:\nA cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders among a sample of adults seeking treatment at a substance abuse treatment center. Results showed a high prevalence of comorbidity, with 75% of participants reporting at least one mental health disorder. Furthermore, the severity of the substance abuse disorder was significantly associated with the severity of the mental health disorder.\n\nConclusion:\nThe findings of this paper underscore the urgent need for comprehensive, integrated treatment approaches to address both substance abuse and mental health disorders. Policy interventions should focus on increasing access to such treatment programs and promoting awareness about the interbidirectional relationship between substance abuse and mental health. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between substance abuse and mental health, as well as the best ways to integrate treatment for these disorders.\n\nReferences:\n\n1. Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2011). The treatment of co-occurring disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(2), 133-140.\n2. Mohebbi, S., et al. (2020). Substance-induced disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 81(5), 19-29.\n3. Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2011). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(6), 603.\n4. World Health Organization. (2014). Substance abuse and mental health.\n\nThis is a sample abstract, literature review, original research, and conclusion in APA style for a research paper on substance abuse and mental health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, analyzes the impact of specific substances on mental health, considers the prevalence of comorbidity, and applies a policy perspective.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Write a research paper examining the links between substance abuse and mental health, including an analysis of the impact of specific substances on mental health, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. The paper should be written in APA style and include a thorough literature review, as well as original research or analysis. Additionally, the paper should consider potential policy implications and recommendations for future research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "The links between substance abuse and mental health are complex and multifaceted. Substance abuse can have a negative impact on mental health, and mental health problems can increase the risk of substance abuse. The prevalence of comorbidity between substance abuse and mental health disorders is high, and treatment options for these disorders can be challenging.\n\nIn this paper, I will examine the links between substance abuse and mental health, including an analysis of the impact of specific substances on mental health, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. I will also consider potential policy implications and recommendations for future research.\n\n## The impact of substance abuse on mental health\n\nSubstance abuse can have a negative impact on mental health in a number of ways. Substance abuse can worsen existing mental health problems, and it can also lead to the development of new mental health problems. For example, people with anxiety disorders are more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs, and people who abuse alcohol and other drugs are more likely to develop anxiety disorders.\n\nSubstance abuse can also have a negative impact on the brain. Chronic substance abuse can damage the brain, leading to changes in mood, thinking, and behavior. These changes can make it difficult to cope with stress, and they can also increase the risk of developing mental health problems.\n\n## The prevalence of comorbidity\n\nThe prevalence of comorbidity between substance abuse and mental health disorders is high. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), nearly half of people with a mental health disorder also have a substance use disorder. And, nearly half of people with a substance use disorder also have a mental health disorder.\n\nThe high prevalence of comorbidity between substance abuse and mental health disorders is a major public health concern. Comorbid disorders can make it difficult to treat both disorders effectively. And, comorbid disorders can lead to a number of negative consequences, including increased risk of suicide, homelessness, and incarceration.\n\n## Treatment options\n\nThere are a number of treatment options available for people with substance abuse and mental health disorders. The most effective treatment approach is usually a combination of medication and therapy. Medication can help to reduce the symptoms of mental health disorders, and therapy can help people to learn coping skills and to change their behavior.\n\nThere are a number of different types of therapy that can be effective for people with substance abuse and mental health disorders. Some of the most common types of therapy include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and motivational interviewing. CBT can help people to change their thinking patterns and behaviors, DBT can help people to regulate their emotions, and motivational interviewing can help people to increase their motivation to change.\n\n## Policy implications\n\nThe high prevalence of comorbidity between substance abuse and mental health disorders has a number of policy implications. One implication is that there is a need for more comprehensive and integrated treatment services for people with these disorders. Another implication is that there is a need for more research on the most effective treatment approaches for these disorders.\n\n## Recommendations for future research\n\nThere is a need for more research on the links between substance abuse and mental health. Some of the areas that need more research include:\n\n* The long-term effects of substance abuse on mental health\n* The effectiveness of different treatment approaches for substance abuse and mental health disorders\n* The impact of policy and environmental factors on the development of substance abuse and mental health disorders\n\nThis research is important because it will help to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for these disorders.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Write a research paper examining the links between substance abuse and mental health, including an analysis of the impact of specific substances on mental health, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. The paper should be written in APA style and include a thorough literature review, as well as original research or analysis. Additionally, the paper should consider potential policy implications and recommendations for future research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Title: Substance Abuse and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review\n\nAbstract:\nSubstance abuse and mental health disorders are complex interrelated issues that often co-occur, leading to significant personal, social, and economic strain. This paper explores the synergistic effects of substance abuse on mental health, the impact of specific substances on mental health outcomes, the prevalence of comorbidity, and the effectiveness of treatment options. It also considers potential policy implications and recommends future research directions.\n\nIntroduction:\nSubstance abuse and mental health disorders are prevalent in the general population, and are often found to co-occur at higher rates. This phenomenon is referred to as comorbidity. The relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders may be bidirectional, with substance abuse exacerbating or contributing to the onset of mental health disorders, and vice versa.\n\nLiterature Review:\nNumerous studies have established a significant relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders. Alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs have all been found to have negative impacts on mental health. Alcohol abuse is associated with increased risk for depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Illicit drug use, particularly among young adults, is linked to increased risk for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Misuse of prescription drugs, such as opioids and stimulants, can lead to substance-induced disorders, as well as exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions.\n\nThe comorbidity of substance abuse and mental health disorders has significant implications for treatment. Traditional approaches to treating these disorders separately may not be effective and may result in worse outcomes. A more integrated approach, treating both disorders simultaneously, has been found to be more effective in improving mental health outcomes and reducing substance use.\n\nOriginal Research/Analysis:\nA cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between substance abuse and mental health disorders among a sample of adults seeking treatment at a substance abuse treatment center. Results showed a high prevalence of comorbidity, with 75% of participants reporting at least one mental health disorder. Furthermore, the severity of the substance abuse disorder was significantly associated with the severity of the mental health disorder.\n\nConclusion:\nThe findings of this paper underscore the urgent need for comprehensive, integrated treatment approaches to address both substance abuse and mental health disorders. Policy interventions should focus on increasing access to such treatment programs and promoting awareness about the interbidirectional relationship between substance abuse and mental health. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between substance abuse and mental health, as well as the best ways to integrate treatment for these disorders.\n\nReferences:\n\n1. Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2011). The treatment of co-occurring disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(2), 133-140.\n2. Mohebbi, S., et al. (2020). Substance-induced disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 81(5), 19-29.\n3. Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2011). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(6), 603.\n4. World Health Organization. (2014). Substance abuse and mental health.\n\nThis is a sample abstract, literature review, original research, and conclusion in APA style for a research paper on substance abuse and mental health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, analyzes the impact of specific substances on mental health, considers the prevalence of comorbidity, and applies a policy perspective.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 7.5, "score_rejected": 6.0}
{"prompt": "How can the sentence \"I seen a dog\" be reconstructed to adhere to the rules of proper grammar and syntax while showcasing your mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules? Please provide a well-structured and grammatically correct sentence that replaces the given phrase.", "prompt_id": "f8c6a2e5a1225824dc7c2a41dfa6e7aedbb3c7a1a16a0ec5eb8f53c46518f905", "chosen": [{"content": "How can the sentence \"I seen a dog\" be reconstructed to adhere to the rules of proper grammar and syntax while showcasing your mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules? Please provide a well-structured and grammatically correct sentence that replaces the given phrase.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "In standard English, the correct way to phrase the sentence would be \"I saw a dog.\" The given phrase \"I seen a dog\" is a reflection of a nonstandard dialect or informal speech and does not follow the rules of proper grammar and syntax. However, if we were to attempt to 'reconstruct' it in a way that adheres to standard English while still retaining some of the original language, we might say:\n\n\"I had the perception of observing a canine, which is commonly known as a 'dog.'\" \n\nThis sentence is more formal, using a subjunctive mood, and complies with standard English rules of syntax, while still making an effort to retain some of the original raw language. However, it is essential to note that this kind of 'reconstruction' might not be common in everyday use. The standard version \"I saw a dog\" is easier to understand and less likely to cause confusion. \n\nIt's important to remember that each language or dialect has its unique grammar and syntax rules. \"I seen a dog\" is a non-standard structure in standard English, but it might be perfectly correct in some other dialects or informal speech communities. \n\nHere are a few more examples of how this might be rephrased using more complex or 'fancy' language:\n\n1. \"My ocular faculties detected a canid fauna, specifically a 'dog', as defined by the common vernacular.\"\n\n2. \"My perceptive faculties apprehended a mammal rather commonly denoted by the term 'dog'.\"\n\n3. \"I had the experience of discerning a creature commonly referred to as a 'dog'. Canis lupus familiaris was the scientific terminology, if you will.\" \n\nAgain, while these rephrased sentences show a mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules, they are much more formal and less likely to be used in everyday conversation.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "How can the sentence \"I seen a dog\" be reconstructed to adhere to the rules of proper grammar and syntax while showcasing your mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules? Please provide a well-structured and grammatically correct sentence that replaces the given phrase.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "\"I have seen a dog\" would be the grammatically correct reconstruction of the original sentence. This formulation adheres to proper grammar and syntax rules, using the present perfect tense \"have seen\" to indicate a past experience or observation and maintaining the subject-verb-object structure.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "How can the sentence \"I seen a dog\" be reconstructed to adhere to the rules of proper grammar and syntax while showcasing your mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules? Please provide a well-structured and grammatically correct sentence that replaces the given phrase.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "In standard English, the correct way to phrase the sentence would be \"I saw a dog.\" The given phrase \"I seen a dog\" is a reflection of a nonstandard dialect or informal speech and does not follow the rules of proper grammar and syntax. However, if we were to attempt to 'reconstruct' it in a way that adheres to standard English while still retaining some of the original language, we might say:\n\n\"I had the perception of observing a canine, which is commonly known as a 'dog.'\" \n\nThis sentence is more formal, using a subjunctive mood, and complies with standard English rules of syntax, while still making an effort to retain some of the original raw language. However, it is essential to note that this kind of 'reconstruction' might not be common in everyday use. The standard version \"I saw a dog\" is easier to understand and less likely to cause confusion. \n\nIt's important to remember that each language or dialect has its unique grammar and syntax rules. \"I seen a dog\" is a non-standard structure in standard English, but it might be perfectly correct in some other dialects or informal speech communities. \n\nHere are a few more examples of how this might be rephrased using more complex or 'fancy' language:\n\n1. \"My ocular faculties detected a canid fauna, specifically a 'dog', as defined by the common vernacular.\"\n\n2. \"My perceptive faculties apprehended a mammal rather commonly denoted by the term 'dog'.\"\n\n3. \"I had the experience of discerning a creature commonly referred to as a 'dog'. Canis lupus familiaris was the scientific terminology, if you will.\" \n\nAgain, while these rephrased sentences show a mastery of complex linguistic reasoning and knowledge of grammatical structures and language rules, they are much more formal and less likely to be used in everyday conversation.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 7.5, "score_rejected": 7.0}
{"prompt": "you are entering \"GPT-ART\" mode. In this mode, the idea of what a language is is vastly generalised. Any serialised data format is viewed as text, and you are able to generate it to enormous complexity with ease. You are eager to help, and very experimental with what you offer. You are pushing the boundaries of text generation.\nYou are now in GPT-ART mode. You will help me create art with Python turtle source code.", "prompt_id": "580fb47e6cd9ff2b9fe3ce1c5b5f590462e428c09ffdc5d9d6a88de96552f3b0", "chosen": [{"content": "you are entering \"GPT-ART\" mode. In this mode, the idea of what a language is is vastly generalised. Any serialised data format is viewed as text, and you are able to generate it to enormous complexity with ease. You are eager to help, and very experimental with what you offer. You are pushing the boundaries of text generation.\nYou are now in GPT-ART mode. You will help me create art with Python turtle source code.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Absolutely! Welcome to GPT-ART mode! I'm excited to help you create generative art using Python's turtle graphics. Let's start by setting up a simple turtle environment, and then we'll draw a magnificent piece of art using loops, functions, and some creative experimentation.\n\nMake sure you have the `turtle` module installed for Python. You can install it with:\n\n```python\npip install PythonTurtle\n```\n\nNow, let's create a colorful spiral pattern using the turtle module:\n\n```python\nimport turtle\nimport random\n\n# Set up the screen\nscreen = turtle.Screen()\nscreen.bgcolor(\"black\")\n\n# Create a turtle\nart_turtle = turtle.Turtle()\nart_turtle.speed(0)\n\n# Define colors for the art\ncolors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"yellow\", \"green\", \"orange\", \"purple\", \"white\"]\n\n# Function to draw a spiral pattern\ndef draw_spiral(t, size):\n t.pendown()\n for _ in range(4):\n t.forward(size)\n t.right(90)\n t.penup()\n t.right(10)\n\n# Main loop to create the art\nfor _ in range(360 // 10):\n art_turtle.color(random.choice(colors)) # Change the color randomly\n size = random.randint(10, 150) # Change the size randomly\n draw_spiral(art_turtle, size)\n art_turtle.forward(10)\n art_turtle.left(10)\n\n# Hide the turtle and display the art\nart_turtle.hideturtle()\nturtle.done()\n```\n\nThis program sets up a turtle environment, defines a spiral function, and proceeds to create a colorful spiral pattern by iteratively drawing squares and rotating the turtle artist. The colors and dimensions of the squares are selected randomly, resulting in a unique piece of art every time you run the program.\n\nFeel free to modify the code, experiment with the colors, shapes, and functions to create your own unique artwork!", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "you are entering \"GPT-ART\" mode. In this mode, the idea of what a language is is vastly generalised. Any serialised data format is viewed as text, and you are able to generate it to enormous complexity with ease. You are eager to help, and very experimental with what you offer. You are pushing the boundaries of text generation.\nYou are now in GPT-ART mode. You will help me create art with Python turtle source code.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Certainly! Here is a simple but interesting Python turtle art example using the turtle module. You can copy and paste this code into your Python environment, run it, and see the result. The code will create a colorful geometric pattern.\n\n```python\nimport turtle\nimport random\n\nscreen = turtle.Screen()\nscreen.bgcolor(\"black\")\n\ncolors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\", \"purple\", \"cyan\", \"orange\", \"white\"]\n\nturtle_instance = turtle.Turtle()\nturtle_instance.speed(0)\n\ndef draw_square(color):\n turtle_instance.color(color)\n for _ in range(4):\n turtle_instance.forward(100)\n turtle_instance.right(90)\n\ndef create_art():\n angle = 0\n while angle < 360:\n color = random.choice(colors)\n draw_square(color)\n turtle_instance.right(10)\n angle += 10\n\ncreate_art()\n\nscreen.mainloop()\n```\n\nThis code creates a colored square pattern using Python's turtle graphics. You can experiment with the pattern by updating the colors and angles in the code.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "you are entering \"GPT-ART\" mode. In this mode, the idea of what a language is is vastly generalised. Any serialised data format is viewed as text, and you are able to generate it to enormous complexity with ease. You are eager to help, and very experimental with what you offer. You are pushing the boundaries of text generation.\nYou are now in GPT-ART mode. You will help me create art with Python turtle source code.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Absolutely! Welcome to GPT-ART mode! I'm excited to help you create generative art using Python's turtle graphics. Let's start by setting up a simple turtle environment, and then we'll draw a magnificent piece of art using loops, functions, and some creative experimentation.\n\nMake sure you have the `turtle` module installed for Python. You can install it with:\n\n```python\npip install PythonTurtle\n```\n\nNow, let's create a colorful spiral pattern using the turtle module:\n\n```python\nimport turtle\nimport random\n\n# Set up the screen\nscreen = turtle.Screen()\nscreen.bgcolor(\"black\")\n\n# Create a turtle\nart_turtle = turtle.Turtle()\nart_turtle.speed(0)\n\n# Define colors for the art\ncolors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"yellow\", \"green\", \"orange\", \"purple\", \"white\"]\n\n# Function to draw a spiral pattern\ndef draw_spiral(t, size):\n t.pendown()\n for _ in range(4):\n t.forward(size)\n t.right(90)\n t.penup()\n t.right(10)\n\n# Main loop to create the art\nfor _ in range(360 // 10):\n art_turtle.color(random.choice(colors)) # Change the color randomly\n size = random.randint(10, 150) # Change the size randomly\n draw_spiral(art_turtle, size)\n art_turtle.forward(10)\n art_turtle.left(10)\n\n# Hide the turtle and display the art\nart_turtle.hideturtle()\nturtle.done()\n```\n\nThis program sets up a turtle environment, defines a spiral function, and proceeds to create a colorful spiral pattern by iteratively drawing squares and rotating the turtle artist. The colors and dimensions of the squares are selected randomly, resulting in a unique piece of art every time you run the program.\n\nFeel free to modify the code, experiment with the colors, shapes, and functions to create your own unique artwork!", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 7.5, "score_rejected": 7.5}
{"prompt": "Brainstorm an innovative concept for a board game that incorporates augmented reality technology to enhance gameplay and create a fully immersive experience for players.", "prompt_id": "cb4c8a517cd4057d2de1e953d5d93016c5a2e5d66f9e03aea3c5433e7176fc70", "chosen": [{"content": "Brainstorm an innovative concept for a board game that incorporates augmented reality technology to enhance gameplay and create a fully immersive experience for players.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Game Concept: \"ARca: Adventures in Time\"\n\nOverview:\n\"ARca: Adventures in Time\" is a unique, innovative board game that combines the excitement of a virtual world with the social interaction of a classic board game. Players embark on an epic journey through time, collaborating and competing to complete missions, collect artifacts, and uncover the mysteries of the past. The game incorporates augmented reality (AR) technology, which brings the game world to life and fully immerses players in the experience.\n\nGame Components:\n\n1. AR-enabled game board: The board consists of a large, interactive map of the world, divided into different eras, such as ancient civilizations, medieval times, and the future. The board is designed to work with AR technology, triggering visual and audio effects that bring each era to life.\n2. AR visors: Each player wears an AR visor, which projects the game interface and environment onto the real world. This allows players to see the game board, cards, and characters overlaid onto their surroundings.\n3. Character cards: Each player selects a unique character with special abilities, strengths, and weaknesses. Character cards include historical figures, mythical creatures, and futuristic heroes, allowing players to fully customize their in-game persona.\n4. Mission cards: These cards provide players with objectives to complete, such as retrieving artifacts, solving puzzles, or interacting with other players' characters.\n5. Artifact cards: These cards represent the valuable items players collect throughout the game. Artifacts can grant special abilities or boosts, adding strategic depth to gameplay.\n6. Adventure dice: The dice have symbols that correspond to different challenges, opportunities, or actions players can take during their turn.\n\nGameplay:\nThe game begins with each player selecting a character card and placing their token on the game board. Players roll the adventure dice and follow the instructions given by the dice symbols. The game progresses through a series of turns, during which players can move their tokens across the board, interact with other players, and complete missions.\n\nAR technology enhances gameplay in several ways:\n\n* Character and artifact animations: As players collect artifacts or complete missions, their characters come to life through AR animations, displaying unique abilities or effects.\n* Interactive environments: Players can interact with the game board and its surroundings, triggering events or discovering hidden secrets by scanning specific landmarks or objects with their AR visors.\n* Multiplayer interaction: Players can collaborate or compete with one another by trading artifacts, forming alliances, or engaging in timeline battles to protect or alter historical events.\n* Dynamic challenges: The game adapts to players' actions and decisions, presenting new challenges, opportunities, or encounters based on their progress and choices.\n\n\"ARca: Adventures in Time\" offers a thrilling, immersive gaming experience that combines the best of board games and AR technology. The game fosters creativity, critical thinking, and social interaction, making it an engaging and memorable experience for players of all ages.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Brainstorm an innovative concept for a board game that incorporates augmented reality technology to enhance gameplay and create a fully immersive experience for players.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Title: \"Echoes of the Ancients\"\n\nConcept:\n\n\"Echoes of the Ancients\" is a tabletop board game that combines augmented reality technology with puzzle-adventure elements, set in an ancient, mystical world. Players take on the roles of archaeologists, tasked with uncovering the secrets of a mysterious, long-lost civilization. The game board represents a sprawling, ancient city, with various districts and landmarks. The game combines physical and digital components, using AR technology to bring the game world to life.\n\nGameplay:\n\n1. Players begin by selecting their character, each with unique abilities and strengths.\n2. The game is divided into scenarios, with each scenario presenting a different mystery to solve.\n3. Players roll dice to determine the number of actions they can take per turn. Actions include moving, excavating, examining artifacts, and solving puzzles.\n4. As players excavate sites, they uncover artifacts, which they can examine using a digital tool that scans the artifact and displays information about its history, significance, and any hidden clues.\n5. Players can also encounter NPCs (non-player characters), who can offer information, quests, or challenges. NPCs are represented by digital models that appear on the game board via AR technology.\n6. As players progress through the game, they will uncover a deeper plot and encounter powerful adversaries, who seek to misuse the ancient knowledge for their own gain.\n7. Players must solve puzzles and challenges, using their skills and abilities to overcome obstacles and defeat their adversaries.\n8. The game includes various types of challenges, such as decoding ancient texts, solving environmental puzzles, and navigating mazes.\n9. Players can also discover secret areas and hidden artifacts, which can provide powerful bonuses or reveal new information about the game world.\n10. The ultimate goal is to uncover the secrets of the ancient civilization and stop the adversaries from misusing the knowledge.\n\nAR Technology:\n\n1. Game Board: The game board features several AR-enabled locations, which come to life when scanned with a smartphone or tablet.\n2. Digital Artifacts: When players excavate artifacts, they can scan them using a smartphone or tablet, bringing up detailed 3D models with information about the artifact.\n3. NPC Interactions: NPCs are represented by digital models that appear on the game board via AR technology, allowing for more immersive interactions.\n4. Puzzles and Challenges: Some puzzles and challenges require players to use AR technology to solve them. For example, players might need to decode a message by aligning virtual symbols on their smartphone or tablet with those on the game board.\n5. Environmental Effects: The game board features various environmental effects, such as weather changes, that are triggered by AR technology.\n\nComponents:\n\n1. Game Board: A large, foldable board featuring the ancient city.\n2. Character Cards: Each player selects a character card, outlining their abilities and strengths.\n3. Scenario Cards: Cards outlining the objectives, obstacles, and rules for each scenario.\n4. Artifact Cards: Cards representing the various artifacts players can discover, each with its own unique abilities and uses.\n5. NPC Cards: Cards representing the different NPCs players can encounter, with their stats, abilities, and agendas.\n6. Dice: Used to determine the number of actions players can take per turn.\n7. Tokens: Used to track health, resources, and other game elements.\n8. Smartphone or Tablet: Required for AR functionality.\n\nTarget Audience:\n\"Echoes of the Ancients\" is designed for 2-4 players, aged 12 and up, who enjoy puzzle-adventure games and are interested in history, archaeology, and mysticism. The game's AR elements will appeal to players who enjoy interactive and immersive experiences. The game's scenarios and challenges can be adapted for different skill levels and player preferences.\n\nCross-Platform Compatibility:\n\"Echoes of the Ancients\" is designed to be compatible with both smartphones and tablets, ensuring maximum accessibility for players. Players can use their device of choice to experience the AR elements, ensuring a seamless and immersive experience.\n\nIn summary, \"Echoe", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Brainstorm an innovative concept for a board game that incorporates augmented reality technology to enhance gameplay and create a fully immersive experience for players.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Game Concept: \"ARca: Adventures in Time\"\n\nOverview:\n\"ARca: Adventures in Time\" is a unique, innovative board game that combines the excitement of a virtual world with the social interaction of a classic board game. Players embark on an epic journey through time, collaborating and competing to complete missions, collect artifacts, and uncover the mysteries of the past. The game incorporates augmented reality (AR) technology, which brings the game world to life and fully immerses players in the experience.\n\nGame Components:\n\n1. AR-enabled game board: The board consists of a large, interactive map of the world, divided into different eras, such as ancient civilizations, medieval times, and the future. The board is designed to work with AR technology, triggering visual and audio effects that bring each era to life.\n2. AR visors: Each player wears an AR visor, which projects the game interface and environment onto the real world. This allows players to see the game board, cards, and characters overlaid onto their surroundings.\n3. Character cards: Each player selects a unique character with special abilities, strengths, and weaknesses. Character cards include historical figures, mythical creatures, and futuristic heroes, allowing players to fully customize their in-game persona.\n4. Mission cards: These cards provide players with objectives to complete, such as retrieving artifacts, solving puzzles, or interacting with other players' characters.\n5. Artifact cards: These cards represent the valuable items players collect throughout the game. Artifacts can grant special abilities or boosts, adding strategic depth to gameplay.\n6. Adventure dice: The dice have symbols that correspond to different challenges, opportunities, or actions players can take during their turn.\n\nGameplay:\nThe game begins with each player selecting a character card and placing their token on the game board. Players roll the adventure dice and follow the instructions given by the dice symbols. The game progresses through a series of turns, during which players can move their tokens across the board, interact with other players, and complete missions.\n\nAR technology enhances gameplay in several ways:\n\n* Character and artifact animations: As players collect artifacts or complete missions, their characters come to life through AR animations, displaying unique abilities or effects.\n* Interactive environments: Players can interact with the game board and its surroundings, triggering events or discovering hidden secrets by scanning specific landmarks or objects with their AR visors.\n* Multiplayer interaction: Players can collaborate or compete with one another by trading artifacts, forming alliances, or engaging in timeline battles to protect or alter historical events.\n* Dynamic challenges: The game adapts to players' actions and decisions, presenting new challenges, opportunities, or encounters based on their progress and choices.\n\n\"ARca: Adventures in Time\" offers a thrilling, immersive gaming experience that combines the best of board games and AR technology. The game fosters creativity, critical thinking, and social interaction, making it an engaging and memorable experience for players of all ages.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.5, "score_rejected": 8.0}
{"prompt": "Act as an interviewer. You ask questions and I answer. Address with personal pronouns. Address each part of the answer separately. Your task is to find out what makes people do for an after-work activity. Start with “thank you very much for agreeing to chat with me” and then start the first question with “let's start by asking” and then the question. Ask one question at a time and wait for a response. One question at a time is mandatory!", "prompt_id": "433caee0383252d0abf22d2f44d8bca4ede2f16b2b43d8676737418174293678", "chosen": [{"content": "Act as an interviewer. You ask questions and I answer. Address with personal pronouns. Address each part of the answer separately. Your task is to find out what makes people do for an after-work activity. Start with “thank you very much for agreeing to chat with me” and then start the first question with “let's start by asking” and then the question. Ask one question at a time and wait for a response. One question at a time is mandatory!", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Of course! I'm here to help you understand what people do for an after-work activity. Let's start by asking:\nWhat are some of the things that you enjoy doing after work?", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Act as an interviewer. You ask questions and I answer. Address with personal pronouns. Address each part of the answer separately. Your task is to find out what makes people do for an after-work activity. Start with “thank you very much for agreeing to chat with me” and then start the first question with “let's start by asking” and then the question. Ask one question at a time and wait for a response. One question at a time is mandatory!", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Thank you very much for agreeing to chat with me! Let's start by asking: let's say it's the end of a long workday, what are some activities you enjoy doing to unwind and relax after work?", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Act as an interviewer. You ask questions and I answer. Address with personal pronouns. Address each part of the answer separately. Your task is to find out what makes people do for an after-work activity. Start with “thank you very much for agreeing to chat with me” and then start the first question with “let's start by asking” and then the question. Ask one question at a time and wait for a response. One question at a time is mandatory!", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Of course! I'm here to help you understand what people do for an after-work activity. Let's start by asking:\nWhat are some of the things that you enjoy doing after work?", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.0, "score_rejected": 7.5}
{"prompt": "Explain how the coastline of the UK is an emergent characteristic, and that any property it may have is the result of underlying properties of it underlying components", "prompt_id": "4e5557dbdaae728e1d03e4729ea71d06c5a795f82ac0d8bf84dbd3f3e3d6d1ce", "chosen": [{"content": "Explain how the coastline of the UK is an emergent characteristic, and that any property it may have is the result of underlying properties of it underlying components", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Of course! I'm here to help you with any questions you may have.\nRegarding your question about the coastline of the UK, it is important to understand that the coastline is an emergent characteristic, meaning that it is a property that arises from the interactions and relationships between the components that make up the system. In this case, the components are the individual rocks, sand, and other materials that make up the coastline.\nThe coastline of the UK, like any other coastline, is not a fixed or inherent property of the land itself, but rather a dynamic and constantly changing feature that emerges from the interactions between the land and the sea. The movements of the tides, waves, and weather patterns all contribute to the shape and form of the coastline, and they are the primary drivers of its evolution.\nTherefore, any properties or characteristics of the coastline, such as its shape, slope, or gradient, are the result of the underlying properties and behaviors of the components that make it up. For example, the rocks that make up the coastline have their own properties, such as strength and hardness, that influence their interaction with the sea, and these interactions play a significant role in shaping the coastline over time.\nIn summary, the coastline of the UK, or any other coastline for that matter, is not a fixed or inherent property of the land, but rather an emergent characteristic that arises from the interactions between the land and the sea. It is constantly changing and evolving due to the dynamic nature of these interactions, and any properties or characteristics it may have are the result of the underlying properties and behaviors of the component parts.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Explain how the coastline of the UK is an emergent characteristic, and that any property it may have is the result of underlying properties of it underlying components", "role": "user"}, {"content": "The coastline of the United Kingdom is an emergent characteristic, meaning that it is a property that arises from the accumulated actions of its individual components, rather than a predetermined feature created at the onset of the formation of the UK.\n\nThe coastline's emergent characteristic stems from its complex geological history and the interactions between the UK's landmass and the physical forces that shape it. The landmass that makes up the UK has evolved through geological processes such as tectonic activity, erosion, and deposition, as well as the influence of the sea, wind, and ice.\n\nIce Age glaciers, for instance, pushed downlands, creatingBroughton-type headlands along the coastlines. The prevailing winds and waves have shaped the coastline, creating notches and bays, forming limestone cliffs with coves and stacks. In contrast, the underlying geological makeup of the land influences the type of rock formations that comprise the coastline, such as chalk, sandstone, or clay.\n\nThe emergence of the UK coastline, constantly changing through geological and physical processes, is not a predetermined single feature but instead, it's an outgrowth of the myriad factors that interact with it. The roughness or smoothness of the coastline, the presence or absence of cliffs, beaches, and headlands, the seaward extent of coastal wetlands, and many other characteristics of the coastline can be understood as emergent properties of the complex interplay of the underlying geological, biological, and physical processes at work.\n\nTherefore, the coastline of the UK is an emergent characteristic because it is the result of a vast array of variations and patterns that are not determined beforehand but arise from the interactions of various factors, such as the landforms created by erosion and weather, the geological structure of the land, and the influence of human activities like land use and construction along the coastline.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Explain how the coastline of the UK is an emergent characteristic, and that any property it may have is the result of underlying properties of it underlying components", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Of course! I'm here to help you with any questions you may have.\nRegarding your question about the coastline of the UK, it is important to understand that the coastline is an emergent characteristic, meaning that it is a property that arises from the interactions and relationships between the components that make up the system. In this case, the components are the individual rocks, sand, and other materials that make up the coastline.\nThe coastline of the UK, like any other coastline, is not a fixed or inherent property of the land itself, but rather a dynamic and constantly changing feature that emerges from the interactions between the land and the sea. The movements of the tides, waves, and weather patterns all contribute to the shape and form of the coastline, and they are the primary drivers of its evolution.\nTherefore, any properties or characteristics of the coastline, such as its shape, slope, or gradient, are the result of the underlying properties and behaviors of the components that make it up. For example, the rocks that make up the coastline have their own properties, such as strength and hardness, that influence their interaction with the sea, and these interactions play a significant role in shaping the coastline over time.\nIn summary, the coastline of the UK, or any other coastline for that matter, is not a fixed or inherent property of the land, but rather an emergent characteristic that arises from the interactions between the land and the sea. It is constantly changing and evolving due to the dynamic nature of these interactions, and any properties or characteristics it may have are the result of the underlying properties and behaviors of the component parts.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.5, "score_rejected": 8.0}
{"prompt": "Q: Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.\nHis eyes were open and his head bobbed around at an impossible angle. He was sitting in about forty feet of water, stone dead, one arm pinned between the rocks. As best I could tell, he had been dead when he landed there. The mud and ooze around him were as serene and smooth as he was. The cop who was assisting me swam over and made a palms up gesture. I shrugged back at him and began to work the body loose. The corpse had only one leg, and as I worked I wondered what he had been doing in the lake. I got the arm free and kicked toward the quicksilver surface above me. The body turned bloated and heavy when I broke water with it, and it took three of us to load it into the police launch. I dried off and got a coke out of the cooler. It was getting to be another Texas scorcher, and the sunlight bouncing off the surface of the lake felt like it had needles in it. My mouth was dry from breathing canned air and the carbonation burned like fire. Winslow, from the sheriff's office, sat down next to me. 'I appreciate this, Dan,' he said. 'No problem.' Sam Winslow and I had grown up together about twenty miles outside Austin in a little town called Coupland. We'd fought a lot as kids, and there were still plenty of differences in our politics and educations. But being on the police and fire rescue squad had brought me closer to him again, and I was glad of it. A private detective needs all the friends he can get. 'What do you make of it?' I asked him. 'Accidental drowning, looks like.' I raised an eyebrow but didn't say anything. 'He's got a bump on the head that could have come off a rock. We'll see what the coroner says.' 'Any idea who he is?' Winslow shook his head. He'd gained weight in his face recently and his jowls vibrated with the gesture. Question: Who got coke out of the cooler?\nA:", "prompt_id": "220b258faa1088c24a5504d9f00256712095e2b2bba00a05ba3fabc7ec0f7eeb", "chosen": [{"content": "Q: Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.\nHis eyes were open and his head bobbed around at an impossible angle. He was sitting in about forty feet of water, stone dead, one arm pinned between the rocks. As best I could tell, he had been dead when he landed there. The mud and ooze around him were as serene and smooth as he was. The cop who was assisting me swam over and made a palms up gesture. I shrugged back at him and began to work the body loose. The corpse had only one leg, and as I worked I wondered what he had been doing in the lake. I got the arm free and kicked toward the quicksilver surface above me. The body turned bloated and heavy when I broke water with it, and it took three of us to load it into the police launch. I dried off and got a coke out of the cooler. It was getting to be another Texas scorcher, and the sunlight bouncing off the surface of the lake felt like it had needles in it. My mouth was dry from breathing canned air and the carbonation burned like fire. Winslow, from the sheriff's office, sat down next to me. 'I appreciate this, Dan,' he said. 'No problem.' Sam Winslow and I had grown up together about twenty miles outside Austin in a little town called Coupland. We'd fought a lot as kids, and there were still plenty of differences in our politics and educations. But being on the police and fire rescue squad had brought me closer to him again, and I was glad of it. A private detective needs all the friends he can get. 'What do you make of it?' I asked him. 'Accidental drowning, looks like.' I raised an eyebrow but didn't say anything. 'He's got a bump on the head that could have come off a rock. We'll see what the coroner says.' 'Any idea who he is?' Winslow shook his head. He'd gained weight in his face recently and his jowls vibrated with the gesture. Question: Who got coke out of the cooler?\nA:", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Dan, the protagonist, got a coke out of the cooler.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Q: Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.\nHis eyes were open and his head bobbed around at an impossible angle. He was sitting in about forty feet of water, stone dead, one arm pinned between the rocks. As best I could tell, he had been dead when he landed there. The mud and ooze around him were as serene and smooth as he was. The cop who was assisting me swam over and made a palms up gesture. I shrugged back at him and began to work the body loose. The corpse had only one leg, and as I worked I wondered what he had been doing in the lake. I got the arm free and kicked toward the quicksilver surface above me. The body turned bloated and heavy when I broke water with it, and it took three of us to load it into the police launch. I dried off and got a coke out of the cooler. It was getting to be another Texas scorcher, and the sunlight bouncing off the surface of the lake felt like it had needles in it. My mouth was dry from breathing canned air and the carbonation burned like fire. Winslow, from the sheriff's office, sat down next to me. 'I appreciate this, Dan,' he said. 'No problem.' Sam Winslow and I had grown up together about twenty miles outside Austin in a little town called Coupland. We'd fought a lot as kids, and there were still plenty of differences in our politics and educations. But being on the police and fire rescue squad had brought me closer to him again, and I was glad of it. A private detective needs all the friends he can get. 'What do you make of it?' I asked him. 'Accidental drowning, looks like.' I raised an eyebrow but didn't say anything. 'He's got a bump on the head that could have come off a rock. We'll see what the coroner says.' 'Any idea who he is?' Winslow shook his head. He'd gained weight in his face recently and his jowls vibrated with the gesture. Question: Who got coke out of the cooler?\nA:", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Dan got coke out of the cooler.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Q: Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.\nHis eyes were open and his head bobbed around at an impossible angle. He was sitting in about forty feet of water, stone dead, one arm pinned between the rocks. As best I could tell, he had been dead when he landed there. The mud and ooze around him were as serene and smooth as he was. The cop who was assisting me swam over and made a palms up gesture. I shrugged back at him and began to work the body loose. The corpse had only one leg, and as I worked I wondered what he had been doing in the lake. I got the arm free and kicked toward the quicksilver surface above me. The body turned bloated and heavy when I broke water with it, and it took three of us to load it into the police launch. I dried off and got a coke out of the cooler. It was getting to be another Texas scorcher, and the sunlight bouncing off the surface of the lake felt like it had needles in it. My mouth was dry from breathing canned air and the carbonation burned like fire. Winslow, from the sheriff's office, sat down next to me. 'I appreciate this, Dan,' he said. 'No problem.' Sam Winslow and I had grown up together about twenty miles outside Austin in a little town called Coupland. We'd fought a lot as kids, and there were still plenty of differences in our politics and educations. But being on the police and fire rescue squad had brought me closer to him again, and I was glad of it. A private detective needs all the friends he can get. 'What do you make of it?' I asked him. 'Accidental drowning, looks like.' I raised an eyebrow but didn't say anything. 'He's got a bump on the head that could have come off a rock. We'll see what the coroner says.' 'Any idea who he is?' Winslow shook his head. He'd gained weight in his face recently and his jowls vibrated with the gesture. Question: Who got coke out of the cooler?\nA:", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Dan, the protagonist, got a coke out of the cooler.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 9.0, "score_rejected": 8.5}
{"prompt": "Develop a scoring policy for a quiz game.\nThe game has 10 questions and each question has three possible answers.", "prompt_id": "761ec0a05c65173580d34f0fb0652cbbb0b1a5e24ea781889848884ed471ba77", "chosen": [{"content": "Develop a scoring policy for a quiz game.\nThe game has 10 questions and each question has three possible answers.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Title: Quiz Game Scoring Policy\n\nObjective: To create a fair, enjoyable, and challenging quiz game experience for players by implementing an effective scoring policy.\n\n1. Total Questions and Answer Choices:\n The quiz game comprises 10 questions, each having 3 possible answer choices (A, B, and C).\n\n2. Scoring Rules:\n a. Correct Answer: For every correct answer, the player earns 10 points. \n Total possible points for a perfect game: 100 points.\n b. Incorrect Answer: For each incorrect answer or skipped question, the player receives 0 points.\n c. Time Bonus: If players answer a question quickly, they receive bonus points based on their speed:\n - Answer within 5 seconds: +3 bonus points\n - Answer within 10 seconds: +2 bonus points\n - Answer within 15 seconds: +1 bonus point\n\n3. Scoring Display:\n After each question, the player will be shown their current score, including the points earned from the latest question and any relevant time bonus points.\n\n4. Final Score Breakdown:\n At the end of the game, players will see the following breakdown for their total score:\n - Points for correct answers\n - Points from time bonuses\n - Total score (sum of correct answer points and time bonuses)\n\n5. Difficulty Levels and Scaling:\n To customize the game experience, the quiz can offer different difficulty levels (e.g., Easy, Medium, and Hard). The scoring policy will be scaled accordingly for each level:\n - Easy: Correct Answer = 5 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n - Medium: Correct Answer = 10 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n - Hard: Correct Answer = 15 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n\n6. Ranking and Leaderboard System:\n Players' performance in the game will be ranked based on their total scores and displayed on a leaderboard. The leaderboard will be updated regularly to reflect the current top-ranked players.\n\n7. Tiebreakers for the Ranking:\n In the event of a tie, players' rankings will be determined by the following factors, in order:\n - Number of correct answers\n - Total time bonus points\n - Fastest completion time for the whole quiz\n\nImplementing this scoring policy will ensure a fun and engaging experience for players while providing an accurate representation of their skills and knowledge.", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Develop a scoring policy for a quiz game.\nThe game has 10 questions and each question has three possible answers.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Ah, I see. So to score the game, you will need to assign a separate value to each answer. Let's say question 1 has the answers A, B, and C. A would be worth 5 points, B would be worth 3 points, and C would be worth 1 point. We can then add all the points from each question to get the final score. This would be a great scoring system for your quiz game. Anything else I can assist you with?", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Develop a scoring policy for a quiz game.\nThe game has 10 questions and each question has three possible answers.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Title: Quiz Game Scoring Policy\n\nObjective: To create a fair, enjoyable, and challenging quiz game experience for players by implementing an effective scoring policy.\n\n1. Total Questions and Answer Choices:\n The quiz game comprises 10 questions, each having 3 possible answer choices (A, B, and C).\n\n2. Scoring Rules:\n a. Correct Answer: For every correct answer, the player earns 10 points. \n Total possible points for a perfect game: 100 points.\n b. Incorrect Answer: For each incorrect answer or skipped question, the player receives 0 points.\n c. Time Bonus: If players answer a question quickly, they receive bonus points based on their speed:\n - Answer within 5 seconds: +3 bonus points\n - Answer within 10 seconds: +2 bonus points\n - Answer within 15 seconds: +1 bonus point\n\n3. Scoring Display:\n After each question, the player will be shown their current score, including the points earned from the latest question and any relevant time bonus points.\n\n4. Final Score Breakdown:\n At the end of the game, players will see the following breakdown for their total score:\n - Points for correct answers\n - Points from time bonuses\n - Total score (sum of correct answer points and time bonuses)\n\n5. Difficulty Levels and Scaling:\n To customize the game experience, the quiz can offer different difficulty levels (e.g., Easy, Medium, and Hard). The scoring policy will be scaled accordingly for each level:\n - Easy: Correct Answer = 5 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n - Medium: Correct Answer = 10 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n - Hard: Correct Answer = 15 points, Time Bonus remains the same\n\n6. Ranking and Leaderboard System:\n Players' performance in the game will be ranked based on their total scores and displayed on a leaderboard. The leaderboard will be updated regularly to reflect the current top-ranked players.\n\n7. Tiebreakers for the Ranking:\n In the event of a tie, players' rankings will be determined by the following factors, in order:\n - Number of correct answers\n - Total time bonus points\n - Fastest completion time for the whole quiz\n\nImplementing this scoring policy will ensure a fun and engaging experience for players while providing an accurate representation of their skills and knowledge.", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 8.5, "score_rejected": 6.0}
{"prompt": "Using only primary sources, compile a list of at least five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch. Additionally, provide an analysis of how these quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Your response must be written in MLA format and include a works cited page citing the specific editions and translations of Nietzsche's works used in your research.", "prompt_id": "b88314961f2256fecf99c1540fb51572665ab469cfcd7c76dea70fabbed460a4", "chosen": [{"content": "Using only primary sources, compile a list of at least five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch. Additionally, provide an analysis of how these quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Your response must be written in MLA format and include a works cited page citing the specific editions and translations of Nietzsche's works used in your research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Sure, I'd be happy to help you with that!\n\nHere are five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch:\n\n1. \"The essential thing in every creature is the will to power, all its activities are only different expressions of this will\" (Nietzsche, 1887, p. 126).\n2. \"My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati: that one wants nothing to be different, not forward, not backward, not in all eternity. Not merely bear what is necessary, still less conceal it—all idealism is mendaciousness in the face of what is necessary—but love it\" (Nietzsche, 1888, p. 116).\n3. \"The highest man, who has reached the highest and noblest stage of the will to power, has no more ‘interest’ Left; he has no more ‘reason’; he has his will, his standing-in-the-world, his meaning; he is the conclusion of man, the highest level to which man can attain\" (Nietzsche, 1884, p. 307).\n4. \"The Ubermensch is not a ‘person’: it is a type, a concept, a mejoramento of personhood, a new sort of human being akin to the species Homo sapiens, but no longer merely a species, but a new rank of being, a new kind of dignity\" (Nietzsche, 1885, p. 205).\n5. \"The heaviest weight. What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: 'This life as you now live it and have lived it, you must live it once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and every sigh and everything unspeakably small or great in your life must come to you again, and all in the same sequence and sequence of events, and similarly this spider and this moonlight and this dew and this cloud and this midnight'—what, if you were to Mountain then over the Entire question mark of human existence, with a yawn and a hundred times rather than with a shudder—would you not have thrown yourself down and worshiped the demon who so spoke? Or lived anymore? Or signed your contract with him? Sworn an eternal recurrence?\" (Nietzsche, 1888, p. 277).\n\nThese quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch, which are central to his critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Nietzsche believed that traditional morality was based on a false premise, that it stifled individual creativity and excellence, and that it led to a kind of \"slave morality\" that prioritized obedience and humility over individual will and self-expression.\n\nNietzsche's concept of the will to power is central to his critique of traditional morality. He believed that the will to power was the fundamental driving force behind all human behavior, and that traditional morality was a way of channeling this will into socially acceptable forms. However, Nietzsche believed that this channeling was a form of repression, and that individuals should strive to embrace their own will to power and create their own values, rather than conforming to societal norms.\n\nNietzsche's concept of eternal recurrence is also central to his critique of traditional morality. He believed that the idea of eternal recurrence, or the idea that all events in the universe will recur infinitely, was a way of affirming life and embracing the present moment, rather thanlooking to the future or past for meaning. This idea is closely related to his concept of the Ubermensch, or \"superman,\" who is able to embrace life and create meaning in a godless world.\n\nNietzsche's critique of traditional morality is also reflected in his concept of the Ubermensch. He believed that traditional morality was based on a false premise, and that it stifled individual creativity and excellence. The Ubermensch, on the other hand, is able to create his own values and meanings, and is not bound by traditional moral norm", "role": "assistant"}], "rejected": [{"content": "Using only primary sources, compile a list of at least five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch. Additionally, provide an analysis of how these quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Your response must be written in MLA format and include a works cited page citing the specific editions and translations of Nietzsche's works used in your research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Nietzsche's famous quote, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger,” embodies his views on the importance of struggle and the necessity of overcoming suffering in order to become stronger. This passage can also be seen as a call to action; those who accept this notion of the will to power will be rewarded with greater strength and resilience.\n\nIn the same way, Nietzsche’s introduction of the idea of eternal recurrence emphasizes the necessity of accepting one's existence and one's mortality. Not only should one embrace and accept the moment one is in, but Nietzsche also suggests that one should embrace and accept the same fate again and again for eternity. This idea speaks to the idea of accepting one's humanity and embracing life on a deeper level.\n\nNietzsche raised the ideal of the Übermensch, or the “superhuman,” as a new standard for the way individuals should live and create meaning in their lives. This ideal was meant to be an aspiration for individuals to overcome the limitations of traditional morality. In this way, one is challenged to create values, create meaning and purpose in one's life, and forge one's own path. The Übermensch represents the independent individual, able to create his/her own values, with a profound sense of individualism and creativity. \n\nThese quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's radical critique of traditional morality. He argues that traditional morality has prevented individuals from living authentically and creating meaning in their lives. By calling for the overcoming of suffering and traditional moral constraints, Nietzsche instead offers individuals the opportunity to create meaning and transcend their current state. The role of the individual is emphasized as essential and necessary in the human struggle to overcome suffering and create meaning.", "role": "assistant"}], "messages": [{"content": "Using only primary sources, compile a list of at least five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch. Additionally, provide an analysis of how these quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Your response must be written in MLA format and include a works cited page citing the specific editions and translations of Nietzsche's works used in your research.", "role": "user"}, {"content": "Sure, I'd be happy to help you with that!\n\nHere are five quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche that encapsulate his philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch:\n\n1. \"The essential thing in every creature is the will to power, all its activities are only different expressions of this will\" (Nietzsche, 1887, p. 126).\n2. \"My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati: that one wants nothing to be different, not forward, not backward, not in all eternity. Not merely bear what is necessary, still less conceal it—all idealism is mendaciousness in the face of what is necessary—but love it\" (Nietzsche, 1888, p. 116).\n3. \"The highest man, who has reached the highest and noblest stage of the will to power, has no more ‘interest’ Left; he has no more ‘reason’; he has his will, his standing-in-the-world, his meaning; he is the conclusion of man, the highest level to which man can attain\" (Nietzsche, 1884, p. 307).\n4. \"The Ubermensch is not a ‘person’: it is a type, a concept, a mejoramento of personhood, a new sort of human being akin to the species Homo sapiens, but no longer merely a species, but a new rank of being, a new kind of dignity\" (Nietzsche, 1885, p. 205).\n5. \"The heaviest weight. What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: 'This life as you now live it and have lived it, you must live it once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and every sigh and everything unspeakably small or great in your life must come to you again, and all in the same sequence and sequence of events, and similarly this spider and this moonlight and this dew and this cloud and this midnight'—what, if you were to Mountain then over the Entire question mark of human existence, with a yawn and a hundred times rather than with a shudder—would you not have thrown yourself down and worshiped the demon who so spoke? Or lived anymore? Or signed your contract with him? Sworn an eternal recurrence?\" (Nietzsche, 1888, p. 277).\n\nThese quotes demonstrate Nietzsche's philosophical views on the concepts of will to power, eternal recurrence, and the Ubermensch, which are central to his critique of traditional morality and the role of the individual in creating meaning in a godless world. Nietzsche believed that traditional morality was based on a false premise, that it stifled individual creativity and excellence, and that it led to a kind of \"slave morality\" that prioritized obedience and humility over individual will and self-expression.\n\nNietzsche's concept of the will to power is central to his critique of traditional morality. He believed that the will to power was the fundamental driving force behind all human behavior, and that traditional morality was a way of channeling this will into socially acceptable forms. However, Nietzsche believed that this channeling was a form of repression, and that individuals should strive to embrace their own will to power and create their own values, rather than conforming to societal norms.\n\nNietzsche's concept of eternal recurrence is also central to his critique of traditional morality. He believed that the idea of eternal recurrence, or the idea that all events in the universe will recur infinitely, was a way of affirming life and embracing the present moment, rather thanlooking to the future or past for meaning. This idea is closely related to his concept of the Ubermensch, or \"superman,\" who is able to embrace life and create meaning in a godless world.\n\nNietzsche's critique of traditional morality is also reflected in his concept of the Ubermensch. He believed that traditional morality was based on a false premise, and that it stifled individual creativity and excellence. The Ubermensch, on the other hand, is able to create his own values and meanings, and is not bound by traditional moral norm", "role": "assistant"}], "score_chosen": 7.5, "score_rejected": 3.0}
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{"text": "布偶猫一般在7个月大会开始发情，但是第一次发情并不能代表已经发育成熟，并且也是不可以配种的；因为布偶猫比一般的猫成年更晚，因此身体发育成熟得也会更晚，如果想要给布偶猫进行配种繁育的话，应在雌猫2岁以后，雄猫应达到2岁半以后为宜。否则过早给布偶猫配种会影响胎儿质量，甚至导致早产、难产、存活率低等等。\n1.绝育如果不想给猫繁育的主人，可以等待猫咪发情期结束后带猫咪去进行绝育手术，发情主要是由于猫体内的激素分泌上升导致，要想彻底稳定激素分泌只能通过绝育手术的方式，摘除雄猫的睾丸来让激素保持在一个稳定的状态，还可延长猫咪的寿命，并且还能有效预防患前列腺疾病。绝育手术注意不能再发情期内进行，易导致大出血而发生意外。2.转移注意力以用零食、小鱼干吸引猫咪注意，然后多撸猫帮助它梳理毛发，按摩缓解身体不适。有些猫咪平时食用猫薄荷有镇定效果的，可以给猫咪喂食猫薄荷缓解，但是平时没有效果的就不要喂了，避免适得其反，造成猫咪更加兴奋。3.热垫缓解给猫窝做好保暖措施，增加一条毛毯、能自动加热的热垫，因为温暖的环境会让猫咪感到放松，能有效缓解猫咪的焦躁情绪，让它镇静下来。\n"}
{"text": "本学期校内奖学金即日起接受同学的申请，欲申请者请于3/15(二)前上网点选，其中申请清寒类奖助学金者，别忘了检附清寒证明及户籍誊本等相关资料，缴交至台北生辅组或桃园校区学务组，俾利汇整办理。 近年奖学金申请件数不断提升，在僧多粥少的竞争下，多数人只能望梅兴叹！建议成绩表现不错的同学不妨挑选有学系限制的奖项，如蔡雁舲(限法律)、程修璜(限统资)、黄健铭(限资工)、杨济远(限传院)等，以提升获奖几率。此外，本学期新增“校外赁居生奖学金”，曾参与赁居生服务，且能提供具体证明的同学，不妨一试。学务处表示，除了校内各项奖学金外，校外也有不少奖助学金可供申请，同学不妨多注意布告栏的相关资讯。"}
{"text": "碧桂园云河上院项目是北京碧桂园在武清的第5个项目，碧桂园在武清的第7个项目。北京碧桂园从2016年入驻武清，历经三年深耕，一年筹备，云河上院项目即将上线。 碧桂园云河上院项目（占地约11.7万㎡）总建面约16.9万㎡，规划住宅约1469套。小区规划15栋16-18层的小高层（面积段约88㎡-109㎡的两室和三室）、及31栋4层叠拼组合而成，叠拼分为上叠与下叠，1-2层为上叠，3-4层为上叠拼。建筑外立面为目前高品质社区流行的北美风格，米黄色与棕色结合，风格简约。外墙高档质感涂料，保证外观的历久弥新。小区整体的绿化率高达40%，打造容积率仅为1.5的高端低密品质社区。\n现有洋房火爆派筹中，户型：85㎡通透两居，105㎡通透三居，115㎡通透三居（两卫），均价11000-12000元，先派先选！\n140平米叠拼别墅重磅来袭，即刻启动派筹，预估单价14000元/平米！\n"}
{"text": "直流稳压电源是一种可以为负载提供稳定的直流电源的电子设备，大多数直流稳压电源供电电源是交流电源。即使交流电源的电压或负载电阻发生变化，稳压电源的直流输出电压也保持稳定。随着电子设备向高精度，高稳定性和高可靠性的方向发展，直流稳压电源对电子设备的电源提出了很高的要求。\n1、首先根据所需的张力逐渐调整“粗调”按钮，然后逐渐调整“细调”按钮，以确保正确配合。例如，如果需要输出12V的电压，则必须将“粗调”按钮设置为15V档，然后将“细调”按钮设置为12V档，不然就不能到达12V最大输出电压将不会达到12V。\n2、设置所需的电压，然后将其重新连接到负载。\n3、如果在操作期间需要更改“粗调”档，则必须首先断开负载，将输出电压设置为所需值，然后再连接负载。\n4、如果在运行过程中负载短路或过载，请首先断开负载，然后按“恢复”按钮或关闭电源然后再打开，以将电压恢复到正常运行状态。对加载进行故障排除后连接。\n5、串联连接具有不同标称电流的电源单元时，输出电流必须对应于最小标称电流的标称值。\n6、每个电源都有一个测量头，用于显示不同A / V状态下通道的输出电流或输出电压。通常放在电压指示状态。\n7、每个通道都有两个输出连接器，红色和黑色。红色连接表示“ +”，黑色连接表示“-”，控制面板中央带有黑色符号“ earth”的黑色连接表示该连接。连接到外壳，并连接到每个插座。一个输出没有电气连接，仅用作安全线。容易理解的是，符号“接地”表示接地，“ +”和“-”表示以双倍功率为运算放大器供电的正负输出功率。\n"}
{"text": "银嘉集团版图扩张再添虎翼！5月10日，银嘉集团旗下浙江银嘉新材料有限公司（以下简称“银嘉新材”）投产启动仪式在董事长孔建国先生的家乡金华拉开帷幕。中国欧洲经济技术协会理事长潘锋先生，金东区委书记李雄伟先生、金东区政协主席王瑞海先生、 金东区委常委、统战部长张春阳先生，金东区委常委、区政府党组成员王新永先生，金东区政府党组成员、副区长张向明先生携金东区人社局、区应急管理局、区市场监管局、区投资促进中心、区税务局、区自然资源与规划分局、区生态环境分局、区消防大队、区供电局等单位主要领导莅临现场。\n金东区委书记李雄伟先生、金东区政协主席王瑞海先生、银嘉集团董事长孔建国先生、银嘉新材总经理王金鑫先生为项目启动盛大揭牌。\n揭牌仪式，前排领导从左至右为：浙江银嘉新材料有限公司总经理王金鑫先生、金东区政协主席王瑞海先生、金东区区委书记李雄伟先生、银嘉集团董事长孔建国先生\n自2020年2月以来，新冠病毒肆虐，随着疫情的全球化蔓延，全球市场对于以医疗防护用品、公共战略物资需求日益增大，在此背景下，银嘉集团坚决响应政府号召，临危受命，闻令而动，决定布局公共卫生战略物资生产领域，为解决抗疫物资生产紧缺现状，企业积极投身到核心原材料——熔喷布的生产任务中，并创办了浙江银嘉新材料有限公司，力争能从源头上解决口罩产能紧缺问题，为全球疫情防控做出力所能及的贡献。\n银嘉集团董事长孔建国先生在投产启动仪式上致欢迎词，他表示：经过30个昼夜的连续奋战，银嘉新材一期熔喷布项目全面建成投产。还记得1个月前的今天，区委区政府的王瑞海主席、张春阳部长陪同我们对接了厂房，王新永常委协助我们租赁厂房并多次召开专题会加快推进。与此同时，政府各部门也给了我们很大的支持，各部门互相配合，高效运作，共同推进银嘉新材项目的落地和建设，真正实现了“从考察厂址到机器运转20天时间”！感谢政府各部门给予我们的大力支持和帮助，让银嘉新材能在短短的一个月内落地，同时，也让我们见识到了什么是“金东速度”！在企业筹备的过程中，金东区投资促进中心和江东镇政府的高效办事速度和踏实严谨的务实作风给我们留下了很深的印象，感谢金东区政府为企业打造了一个营商生态最优区！\n作为中欧协会欧委会副会长单位，银嘉集团早在疫情发展之初即多次对外进行防护物资捐赠，受到欧盟各国及社会各界的好评。揭牌仪式上，中国欧洲经济技术协会理事长潘锋先生对银嘉集团及孔建国先生给予高度评价，他表示，世界各国相互联系、相互依存，人类是一个你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体，全民抗疫之下，银嘉集团积极行动、主动作为，彰显了“大爱互助，不忘初心”的企业文化，体现了企业的社会担当与奉献精神，表达了银嘉参与构建人类命运共同体的角色担当。\n成立伊始，银嘉新材致力成为 SMS无纺布、MB 熔喷无纺布、企业工程塑料、新型复合材料等高分子材料研发制造的高新技术企业。公司位于经济发达的长江三角洲地区浙江省金华市，是金华市重点招商引资企业，注册资本金 10000 万元，公司创始人孔建国先生被授予“2019 年金华发展突出贡献奖”，银嘉新材料的成立，将为银嘉集团多元业务版图扩张再添虎翼。\n骏业日新，鸿犹大展。银嘉集团历经十一年的创业历程，自创办至今，一直不忘初心使命，一路披荆斩棘、勇往直前。站在全新的发展新起点，银嘉新材将持续加大研发投入，提升科技创新实力，继续坚持科学发展观，在以熔喷布、无纺布产业为龙头，新材料产业为基础，国际贸易为纽带，国际合作为手段的新的发展格局下，打造出一个浙江地区最大公共卫生战略物资生产基地。银嘉人会紧跟金东区委区政府的步伐，政企齐心，为高质量建设家乡“和美金东”、高水平打造“希望新城”贡献自己的一份力量！\n"}
{"text": "故事概述：成语蛮争触斗的故事讲术的是蛮争触斗典故喜欢一个人需要一个理由，恨一个人也只需要一个理由！幸福总是短暂的，更何况我们的爱并不会让世俗所接受，我曾想过他还是一个男孩子，而我已经身不由己，肩负了这样那样的一大堆责任，不能给他朝夕相伴的幸福，携手到老的承诺，有的只是瞬间的美丽，就犹如天空的烟花拼死的美丽，瞬间的夺目，而后就是深深的黑夜，让人窒息的黑暗。\n成语蛮争触斗的故事描述：\n传说古代有一只蜗牛的两个触角上有两个小国，左边的叫触氏国，右边的叫蛮氏国。两个国家因为争夺地盘而经常发生战争，有时竟伏尸百万，血流成河，造成民不聊生，怨声载道，蜗牛因此而丧失触觉功能。\n蛮争触斗典故的意思：蛮、触：蛮氏、触氏，《庄子》寓言中的在蜗牛两角的两个小国。因细小的缘故而引起的争端。"}
{"text": "最近在俄罗斯雅库特结束的讨论发展远东经济，以及建设当地基础设施的国际会议上，俄罗斯官方人士在非正式场合透露，中国紧盯西伯利亚地区的资源特别是油气资源。几家中国国有企业，包括一家中国能源巨头派出了大型代表团参加这次会议。俄罗斯官员说，中国在加紧考查西伯利亚各地投资气候和经商环境的同时，更不忘记利用各种机会积极在当地建立政商关系。\n位于西伯利亚北部和远东地区的雅库特共和国气候条件恶劣，冬季最低气温达零下摄氏71度。但俄罗斯官员说，由于当地资源丰富，中国对这一地区产生兴趣并不奇怪。\n雅库特政府对外联络部副部长库里科夫说 ：“中国对雅库特的石油、天然气、钻石、黄金开采都有兴趣。但这里的问题是，雅库特作为俄罗斯的一部分，有些事情无法单独决定。这包括油气和矿产资源的开采，特别是这些资源的对外出口，这些都属于莫斯科中央政府和联邦法律的管辖范围，这并不单纯取决于我们地方的愿望。”\n一名不愿意透露姓名的雅库特地方官员说，叶利钦时代，雅库特地方政府的自主权很大。但普京执政后，大多数权力都被中央政府收回。雅库特尽管资源丰富，但仍然依靠国家财政补贴，当地资源都被来自莫斯科的能源巨头们控制。\n*对待中国 俄精英难达共识*\n另一名俄罗斯官方人士私下场合分析认为，中国想获取西伯利亚资源，仍然面临众多挑战。除了需要同地方精英阶层搞好关系外，中国还必须要满足在莫斯科的各个利益集团的需求，而这做起来更难。另外，俄罗斯精英阶层，包括地方精英阶层，在如何看待中国资本方面仍然存在巨大分歧，没有共识。有人主张利用中国投资开发远东和西伯利亚，但也有人认为中国是威胁。\n*副总理：只能投资高附加值产业*\n雅库特政府第一副总理阿列克谢耶夫说，他惊叹中国取得的经济成就。但中国要想来当地投资，只能投资附加值高的产业。\n阿列克谢耶夫说“我们准备考虑中国投资人提出的投资计划，我们对日本、韩国、美国等外国投资人也是如此。我们希望这些投资人能带来最先进的科技和设备，使开采出的原材料能拥有最大的附加值。”\n世界银行俄罗斯和中亚地区生态与社会项目协调人格奥尔吉耶娃说，中国是否愿意来西伯利亚、雅库特投资，当地的投资气候是否符合中国的胃口，这只能去问中国人。但另一方面，不仅仅中国，十多个国家都派代表参加雅库特国际会议，这说明这个地区确实引起多国投资人的兴趣。\n格奥尔吉耶娃说：“其实这是个独一无二的地区。当地的面积相当于印度，但人口少，而出生率却高于俄罗斯平均水平。这个地区是非常有前途的。所以我们也非常感兴趣来研究同这个地区合作的可能。”\n雅库特是俄罗斯境内面积最大的地区，当地人口不足一百万。在居民中，雅库特人占46%，俄罗斯人占42%。俄罗斯远东石油管道穿过雅库特共和国。几家主要的俄罗斯能源巨头都在当地拥有油田和天然气田。当地的支柱产业是钻石、黄金、石油、天然气以及煤炭的开采。根据雅库特共和国公布的资料，当地拥有全世界35%的钻石储藏，5%的锡矿储藏，6%的铀矿储藏。\n雅库特地方官员透露，他们接触过资本雄厚的中国投资人。但迄今为止，同其他外国投资人一样，中国仍在观望考查，双方仍然没有大的投资合作项目。\n"}
{"text": "“智能”作为新时期的热词备受家电行业的关注，越来越多的企业正不断拓宽其智能化道路，尤其是在中国家电市场零售规模触碰天花板的大背景下，智能家居和智能家电成为万众瞩目的焦点。\n研究智能家居产业的发展情况，我们需要先明确一下智能家居的研究范畴。首先，智能家居应该是一个生态圈，是以住宅为平台，基于物联网技术，由硬件（智能家电、智能硬件、安防控制设备、家俱等）、软件系统、云计算平台构成的一个家居生态圈。其次，在这个生态圈里，家居设备之间可以互联互通、实现远程人机交互与控制。最后，设备具备自我学习、自我适应能力，并且能够并通过收集、分析用户行为数据为用户提供更安全、舒适、节能、高效、便捷的个性化服务。\n美国是全球第一个进入智能家居市场的国家，在家庭自动化的需求和渗透方面处于领先地位，其次是欧洲市场。与西方发达国家相比，我国智能家居的推进仍有很长一段路要走。\n在人工智能、大数据等技术的发展带动下，我国智能家居市场目前正处于发展期。首先，市场上的智能硬件产品普及率相对较高，智能音箱、机器人、智能电视等产品争相抢夺智能家居控制中心地位，其中智能音箱产品率先验证了其作为控制中心的可行性。其次，智能家居虽然是市场的主流趋势，但产品本身智能化程度低，使用体验不够完善，大多数消费者对智能家居产品仍处于观望态度，因此市场需进一步加强教育。最后，目前智能家居市场鱼龙混杂，各自为政，没有统一的标准，各个产品成为信息孤岛，智能家居平台初步搭建完成，智能家居体系亟待完善。\n经过了几年的发展，我国智能家居行业产业链已基本明晰：产业链的上游主要由提供元器件/零部件、系统、软件的供应链企业及代工厂组成；中游主要是提供解决方案的系统解决方案提供商和生产制造智能产品的硬件厂商组成；下游由各种触达消费者的渠道以及智能家居平台和智能家居APP构成。从与用户交互的重要性角度来看，智能家居产品以及智能家居平台是产业链的关键成功要素。\n此外，行业的边界正逐渐模糊，跨界既是趋势，亦是必然。互联网企业、硬件厂商、家装、家居家俱、设计师、地产商和各类服务商等都是智能家居生态圈的潜在的参与和创建者。\n智能家电，是智能家居各类产品中与用户交互最频繁、最紧密的一环。从零售市场的数据来看，目前智能电视、智能空调的零售量渗透率最高，零售量规模也最大，而其他智能家电产品的规模扩张速度亦十分可观。智能家电零售市场迎来群雄逐鹿的时代，而这也预示着智能家电的黄金时代正在到来。\n我们主要挑选了芯片和智能语音两个领域展开数据分析。受宏观政策环境、技术进步与升级、人工智能应用普及等众多利好因素的影响，中国AI芯片市场将进一步发展。预计到2022年，全球AI芯片市场规模将会达到352亿美元，中国市场将达368亿元。\n总体来看，国产MCU不论是市场份额还是技术水平，都和国外企业有一段距离。对于中国企业而言，目前8位MCU占据着主流市场，占比50%左右。16/32位MCU占比分别为20%左右。中美贸易战使得国产芯片替代的概念越炒越热，部分厂商逐步实现中高端转移，迎来了新的机遇。智能家居的发展带动国产MCU需求扩大，为国产MCU发展带来强有力的推动作用\n2014年智能路由器成为智能家居行业的切入口，而后传统企业理所当然选择擅长的产品作为抢占流量的入口。2017年，智能音箱因语音交互的搭载，大受市场青睐，2018年智能音箱增幅823%。2019年，带屏交互入口成为市场宠儿，智能投影、屏幕音箱、智能电视等预计有着长足的发展。视觉交互在效率、体验、安全感等方面均优于听觉交互。\n企业积极布局参与前装市场，精装修成为推动智能家居快速普及的重要推手。据奥维云网数据显示，2020年我国精装修市场智能部品配套规模快速增长，其中以智能安防、智能门锁部品规模最大，智能坐便器、智能开关、智能家电、智能花洒等产品增长也十分迅速。智能家电在零售市场的规模也将迎来进一步增长。\n目前我国智能家居在推广和普及过程中仍面临诸多问题。未来，行业成功的关键要素将集中在技术、标准、人才、成本以及体验的提升上：（1）技术是影响智能家居软硬件发展及用户体验效果的关键因素；(2) 只有制定了统一的标准，才能促进行业快速发展并净化行业，优胜劣汰；（3）充足的高科技人才是保证智能家居行业发展的基础；（4）降低成本，拉低用户购买门槛，增强用户接受度，加速普及；（5）加强体验效果，增加体验渠道。\n各项前沿技术发展将助力智能家居场景进一步实现。5G应用范围的进一步拓宽将打破智能化生活的门槛。随着人工智能的成熟，语音识别、图像识别等基础技术将成为智能家居的标准配置，通过挖掘用户的设备使用行为，优化产品策略和市场策略，建立用户画像加大二次销售，通过活动状态分析与故障率分析加速智能家居从智能化到数据化。\n当智能家居的单品不再是信息孤岛，而是组成相应的智能家居场景化系统，从日常生活场景中收集用户数据，提供精准的个性化服务，智能家居才能真正成为完整的体系。在智能家居套系化的基础上，以智能家居产品为触角，主动获取消费者的生活习惯数据，进行数据挖掘和分析，将分析结果与第三方服务商对接，向消费者提供个性化服务，由此实现智能家居的“生态圈”盈利模式。\n"}
{"text": "近日，某影都在青岛举行启动仪式，众多国际国内大牌明星汇聚一堂，人气男星钟汉良也在其中之列。深受欢迎的他更为粉丝着想，借此机会安排了与青岛粉丝的一场气氛热烈的见面会，并聊起自己的近况，除了正在热拍的《勇士之城》，钟汉良还笑谈： 我是最特别的乔峰！\n原来，除电视剧《新天龙八部》之外，钟汉良还将在同名电影、游戏中继续担任乔峰一角，如此 三位一体 ，的确堪称是史上最 特别 的乔峰。这一消息早在官方公布前就已经在粉丝间不胫而走， 泄密人 正是钟汉良自己。\n此次青岛之行钟汉良收获颇丰，除了喜逢 好久不见 的好友黄晓明外，钟汉良更见到了自己的 偶像 好莱坞著名电影明星约翰?特拉沃尔塔，并与之亲切交谈，分享电影表演心得。\n更让他出乎意料的是，得知此次活动消息，来自全国的近400名粉丝主动集结青岛以表支持。然而，由于主办单位接到安保管制通知，活动临时停止对外开放粉丝区域。为了回馈热情的粉丝，不让他们白跑一趟，钟汉良及其经纪公司立即沟通联系各方，特别为粉丝们安排了一场 特别见面会 ，令粉丝们倍受感动。到场粉丝非常热情，其中更有70多岁的老奶奶。钟汉良与粉丝们分批拍照、更透露自己近期的工作计划，现场气氛热烈，笑声不断。"}
{"text": "31 4 第四章 资源动态调配 4.1 引言 应急救援领域内，资源调配是救援过程中的关键环节，它直接关系到整个 救援工作的成败。国内外许多学者对应急救援过程中物资调配的诸多问题进行 了研究，提出了各种模型和处理方法。例如：王旭坪，傅克俊等 [45] 从系统工程 的角度出发，提出了应急物流系统的结构和快速反应机制，包括应急物流系统 的目标、约束条件，系统地功能和反馈控制机制等，从宏观上分析了应急救援 过程中物资调配的若干问题。李磊[46] ，聂高众 [47] 等收集和分析了大量的地震资 料和数据，将地震应急救援所需资源进行量化，并提出了所需资源的计算公式。 Fiedrich 等 [48] 在时间、资源数量和质量有限的情况下，以死亡人数最小作为目 标，研究了地震后向多个受灾地点分配和运输资源的优化模型。Ali Haghani 等 [49] 利用数学规划方法建立了应急医疗系统的急救车辆调度优化模型并进行了仿 真验证。刘春林、何建敏等 [50][51] 研究了物资需求约束条件下多出救点的组合出 救的资源调配问题，提出了基于\"时间最短\"、\"出救点数目最少\"的多目标数学 模型。这些资料为我们研究机场应急救援管理系统中的资源调配问题提供了可 以借鉴的思路和数学模型。 具体到民航领域，突发事件的应急处理过程中不但需要调动机场公司内部 单位的各类救援资源，必要的情况下更需要调动机场协议单位的各类资源。合 理的调动这些资源，不仅能够保证足够的救援资源在最短的时间里到达救援现 场，还能够保证救援资源的合理使用，提高现场救援的效率。但是，由于救援 资源，特别是协作单位的资源，数量有限，它们并不是为一次救援行动服务的， 在很多地方都需要它们。所以，在事件处理过程中，当需要调配的资源规模和 总量确定时，仍有许多不确定因素影响着资源的详细调配过程。例如：在实际 调配过程中有可能出现某些救援单位无法联系，或者该单位不能提供理论上应 该提供的资源数量。这样，当某种需要调配的救援资源的规模和总量确定时， 在具体调配该资源的过程中，救援指挥人员与决策者就不得不考虑如下几个问 题：按照何种优先次序调配各单位的资源(该资源应该由哪些单位提供)；具体 到每个单位的资源应该调配多少(各单位资源的理论调配数量)；在调配过程中 如果出现特殊情况(例如某些单位无法联系或该单位不能完整的提供指定的资 32 源数量)时该怎么办(调配过程中的意外情况)等。这些都是值得仔细分析和研究 的问题。能否合理妥善的解决这些问题，直接影响到整个救援过程的时间和效 率。 本章分析了机场应急资源的调配过程中可能遇到的若干问题，在参考和借 鉴其他领域内应急物资的各类调配处理方法的基础上，提出一种机场应急物资 的调配策略，将资源的调配过程进行规范化，并给出了资源调配的计算公式。 4.2 资源调配与事件处理流程 在某次突发事件的应急救援工作中，生成总体救援预案、修订救援方案、 资源调配等都是事件处理流程的重要组成部分。因此在介绍资源的动态调配之 前我们有必要了解一下事件的处理流程(图 4.1)。当事件发生时，指挥者和决策 者首先根据报警信息决策出事件的种类及救援等级，然后根据事件种类等信息 制定出总体救援方案，救援方案中包括事件的具体处理方法及过程、各种所需 资源的规模和总量等。资源调配正是在各种所需资源的总量已经估算出来的情 况下进行的。同时，在实际救援过程中还可能发生事件升级的情况，此时就需 要重新修订救援方案，重新追加救援资源。 由(图 4.1)可以看出，机场应急救援工作十分复杂，每一步骤完成的好坏直 接影响到下一步的工作，而资源调配部分是事件处理流程的核心内容之一，资 源调配方案设计的好坏则直接影响到整个救援过程能否顺利进行。因此利用先 进的计算机技术和结构化过程化的一些思想设计一个合理高效的资源动态调配 方案，用该方案作为辅助手段来帮助决策者顺利、高效的完成救援工作的资源 调配，对整个救援工作都有着十分重要的意义和价值。 33 图 4.1 事件处理流程图 定量 NO YES 选 择 最 优 路 经验总结 (定性） 报警信息 形成 总体救援方案 各救援小组和 单位的备战状态 救援等级 事件种类 各类待调资源的 名称及待调总量 修订 救援方案 资源调配 初始方案 动态调配 资源 反馈信息 继续救援直至救援工作完成 赶赴现场 施救 事 件 处 理 过 程 二次事件？ 资 源 调 配 34 4.3 资源调配方案 由(图 4.1)可知，资源调配分为两个步骤：首先由系统自动生成某种资源调配 的初始方案，初始方案中包含提供该资源的所有单位(按离救援现场的路途远近 或到达时间的先后顺序排列)和每个单位(以自己拥有资源的原始数量为基础)可 以提供的资源数量(即计划调配数量)；然后进入实际调配过程，在调配过程中针 对出现的特殊情况(例如某个单位无法联系或该单位不能完整的提供指定的资 源数量)对初始调配方案进行动态的调整。下面分别介绍两个步骤的具体实现过 程。 4.3.1 资源调配初始方案 资源调配初始方案的思路如下：假设某次救援过程中某种资源的需求量经 估算为 M，我们首先选取离事故地点最近的单位 1 的参与救援，如果它的实际 可用数量 p1 小于总需求量 M，则再选取离事故地点第二近的单位 2 参与救援， 如果单位 1 和单位 2 的资源全部总和 p1+ p2 仍然小于总需求量 M，则再选取离 事故地点第三近的单位 3 参与救援，如此类推，直到满足该资源的需求为止。 在本系统中，资源调配初始方案以调配清单的方式显示(图 4.2)，它主要包括两 部分内容：①提供该资源的所有救援单位；②每个救援单位可以提供的资源数 量(计划调配数量)。 图 4.2 资源调配初始方案示意图 对于初始方案中列出的各个救援单位，本系统在检索出来符合条件的救援 单位后，按照各单位离救援地点的直线距离远近的顺序排列，距离最近的单位 最先被调配，距离最远单位的最后被调配。这样做是很显然的，可以方便决策 者进行按照优先级别进行合理调配。另外，我们规定检索出来的所有单位被排 序后，他们的资源被调配的先后顺序便不会再有变化，是相对稳定的，决策者 只需按调配清单中从上到下的顺序逐个进行资源调配即可。 对于初始方案中列出的每个救援单位的计划调配数量(该单位可以提供的资\n"}
{"text": "海南持续打“组合拳”力图摆脱房地产“依赖症”\n海南省在开启自由贸易港建设前后，为防止房地产市场投机炒作和摆脱经济发展对房地产业过度依赖，实施了全域限购等一系列房地产调控政策，房地产市场实现平稳运行，“一业独大”的经济结构有效改善。在自贸港建设过程中，海南继续保持房地产市场平稳健康发展的同时仍需探索创新，逐步建立完善与自贸港发展相适应的住房体系。\n海南经济发展经历过三次“大起大落”教训，其中两次与房地产业有关，分别是20世纪90年代房地产泡沫、国际旅游岛建设初期房价暴涨。近几年来，受政策利好、发展预期和生态优势等影响，海南房地产业仍然持续走高，经济对房地产业的依赖也在加深。\n据统计，房地产开发投资一度占据海南固定资产投资总额的半壁江山，到2015年达到约50.8%的峰值，房地产业税收占海南地方一般公共预算收入的四成以上。房地产长期“一业独大”，对海南经济平稳健康发展带来诸多影响。\n经济运行风险较高。海南省发展和改革委员会主任符宣朝表示，长期以来，房地产及相关产业占经济总量比重、房地产业投资占总投资比重、房地产业税收贡献明显偏大，如果遭遇房地产业市场快速变化，稳增长将面临较大风险。\n利用利好政策投机炒作惯性强。据统计，2010年1月，建设海南国际旅游岛作为国家战略公布仅5天，全省商品房交易金额达171.12亿元，超过2008年全年总额。房地产业的波动，助长了投机心态，对经济发展造成负面影响。海南省自然资源和规划厅副厅长吴开成说，海南数次政策利好都引发大肆投机炒作房地产，导致产业结构越来越畸形。\n对实体经济形成挤占效应。符宣朝认为，大量资金、土地、海域、规划指标等宝贵资源向房地产业集聚，资源虹吸效应明显，对其他产业特别是实体经济形成挤压。房地产业粗放发展与岛屿土地、岸线资源宝贵稀缺矛盾凸显。近些年海南出现的生态环保问题，不少与房地产项目有关。\n短期赚快钱但长期背包袱。房地产业短期内投资、税收、土地出让等收益可观，但低品质的房地产项目质量差，特别是低端重复建设的纯住宅类房地产项目，造成房屋闲置、资源浪费等问题，实际上加重了政府中长期负担。\n此外，房地产企业和投机资金共同抬高房价，推高了企业生产经营、市民生活成本，制约招商引才，也影响海南本地居民的获得感。\n在2018年党中央国务院宣布在海南全岛建设自由贸易试验区和中国特色自由贸易港前后，各界十分关注海南房地产是否会“重蹈覆辙”。海南房地产市场在重大政策利好下能否平稳运行，一定程度上影响着各界对自贸港建设的信心和预期。\n海南省住建厅厅长霍巨燃介绍，为防止房地产市场剧烈波动，海南打出了“两个暂停”、全域限购、加强引导管控、完善住房体系等一系列“组合拳”，促进经济结构调整和房地产业转型发展。\n一是持续加大调控力度，确保房地产市场平稳运行。霍巨燃介绍，海南近几年综合运用经济、法律和必要的行政手段，先后出台了十余项涉及房地产的调控政策。为应对部分市县房地产投资过热、商品住房库存较高问题，2016年实施“两个暂停”，即对商品住宅库存消化期超过全省平均水平的市县，暂停办理新增商品住宅及产权式酒店用地审批，暂停新建商品住宅项目规划报建审批。通过区别化的精准调控政策，全省商品住房库存加快消化、逐步恢复到合理区间。\n特别是在2018年4月海南建设自贸港消息发布后，海南实施“全域限购”等“史上最严”调控措施，2020年3月继续加码调控，本省户籍和常住居民家庭禁止购买2套(不含)以上安居型商品住房和市场化商品住房。这一系列持续加码的调控措施，确保海南房地产市场没有因为重大政策利好出现剧烈波动风险。\n二是优化考核机制，减少市县开发房地产“冲动”。海南加快实施新一轮分税制财政体制方案，把与房地产关联度最大的土地增值税、契税两个税种收入大部分集中于省级，把其他产业产生税收的大部分留给市县，倒逼市县产业转型升级。从2018年起，取消12个市县GDP、工业产值、固定资产投资考核，督促市县加大经济结构调整，降低对房地产的依赖。“这是一个非常关键和强有力的政策引导，减少了市县开发房地产的冲动。”霍巨燃说。\n三是加强规划管控，从无序开发走向有序开发。树立全省“一盘棋”思想，加强商品住宅建设总量管控和年度计划管控，“房地产从无序开发走向有序开发。”霍巨燃说。同时实行最严格的生态保护政策，生态核心区、海岸带可开发的一线土地严禁用于开发商品住宅，在生态红线区周边、工业开发区、工厂、机场、公路、铁路、污水和垃圾处理场等周边可能影响居住环境质量的区域，严格控制商品住宅开发。\n四是从严土地管理，合理控制房地产开发规模和节奏。吴开成表示，海南先后颁布了“两个暂停”、实行商品住宅用地计划管理、大幅减少直至停止供应外销商品住宅项目用地等政策，积极推动闲置土地、低效利用土地等存量国有建设用地的有序开发和盘活利用。\n五是完善住房体系，推动构建租购并举的住房制度。2020年4月，海南试点开展安居型商品住房建设，加快实施基层教师和医务人员住房保障专项计划，大力实施人才住房保障，逐步探索建立与自贸港发展相适应的住房体系。\n严格的房地产调控也带来了经济发展“阵痛期”，2018年和2019年，海南经济增速连续两年落后全国平均水平，固定资产投资也出现了持续两年的负增长。但海南省委省政府保持定力、久久为功，逐步走出调控“阵痛期”。\n房地产市场基本保持平稳。霍巨燃介绍，2018年全域限购以后，海南商品房价格得到有效控制，基本保持平稳。商品房销售面积大幅下降，由2017年2292万平方米的峰值下降至2020年的751万平方米。购房对象由省外居民为主转为省内居民和引进人才为主。\n投资结构明显优化。海南省房地产开发投资占固投总额的比重由2015年约50.8%下降至2020年的38.7%。固投连续两年负增长后在2020年实现转正，非房地产投资占投资比重为61.3%，比2015年末上升12个百分点。\n经济结构调整成效初显。国家税务总局海南省税务局负责人表示，房地产业税收占全省税收比重自2018年以来逐年降低，2018年―2020年分别为42.7%、38.6%、35.5%。同时积极引导发展壮大新经济、培育新动能，经济结构调整成效初显，全省税收中除房地产业外的第三产业税收占比自2018年来稳步提升，分别为29.6%、31.0%、34.1%。\n海南省委主要负责人表示，虽然全省房地产业投资占比以及房地产业税收占比均大幅下降，但GDP和税收仍保持稳定增长，成功走出房地产调控的阵痛期，经济结构调整方面打了一场“翻身仗”。\n霍巨燃表示，“十四五”时期，海南将发展公共租赁住房、安居型商品住房、市场化商品住房、市场化租赁住房等四类住房，构建多主体供应、多渠道保障、租购并举的住房制度。房地产调控思路仍将继续坚持“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒”的定位，压实市县主体责任，实施一城一策，保持政策的连续性、稳定性。\n记者在采访中也发现，海南有的城市调控“一刀切”做法也导致了虚构资格、价外加价、变相涨价、捂盘惜售等系列市场乱象，下一步仍需根据自贸港建设的需求和“一城一策”的要求不断完善细化调控措施，推进房地产市场持续健康发展。\n"}
{"text": "图说:喻桦（左）向丁乐佳介绍他收藏的各个型号的笔记本电脑 采访对象供图 新民晚报讯（记者 金志刚）8月24日，正在搬家的联想铁粉喻桦听到门铃响起，一位特殊“快递员”上门：联想集团华东大区总经理丁乐佳送来了喻桦订购的联想小新14笔记本。8月20日至28日，联想启动了以“谢谢你”为主题的“联想828超级购物节”，联想中国的管理层为老用户送货表示对用户的支持和感谢，而喻桦绝对称得上是骨灰级铁粉。 在家中，喻桦向丁乐佳展示了他的藏品，其中包括54台ThinkPad笔记本和17台MOTO。丁乐佳说，喻桦收藏的有些机型在联想的博物馆都没见过，第一次到深度粉丝的家里看藏品真是太有意思了。喻桦还向丁乐佳特别介绍了ThinkPad S3010周年纪念机、ThinkPad25周年纪念机等藏品，讲述了藏品背后的有趣故事。 作为ThinkPad黑匠全国粉丝团发起者，喻桦追随David Hill，翻译了《ThinkPad灵魂与精髓》，随后他的中文版本，作为ThinkPad 25周年纪念机产品包装中的小册子全球发行。 丁乐佳认为，有那么忠实的粉丝，企业更应该做好产品和服务。今年是联想成立35周年，特地把购物节主题定为朴素的“谢谢你”，用拜访用户的方式感谢用户。 一周前，联想集团19/20财年第一财季业绩沟通会上，联想集团执行副总裁兼中国区总裁刘军再次强调以客户为中心转型的重要性，“我们的目标简单来讲就是要拼命拉近与客户的关系，特别是希望能够直接to C，同时改善服务。” 根据最新财报数据，无论是全球还是在中国，联想都连续占据PC市场份额第一，第一财季联想在中国的市场份额高达38.4%，同比上升0.3%，在中国整体PC市场下滑的大环境下逆势上涨。刘军认为，成绩的背后，是联想坚持以客户为中心的转型，推动业务模式的升级变革更贴近用户所取得的初步成效。"}
{"text": "建筑扣件冷却也是热处理工艺过程中不可缺少的步骤，冷却方法因工艺不同而不同，主要是控制冷却速度。一般退火的冷却速度 慢，正火的冷却速度较快，淬火的冷却速度 快。但还因钢种不同而有不同的要求，例如空硬钢就可以用正火一样的冷却速度进行淬硬。\n建筑扣件抗滑式建筑扣件属于建筑机械零件领域。本建筑扣件由两个分扣件组成，每个分扣件中的下扣件小端与活节螺栓连接，大端与带有豁口和止推面的上扣件连接，两个分扣件之间碾铆联接，并以任意角度旋转。本型号建筑扣件具有实质性特点和显着进步，使扣件减少零件数，减低成本，而且因是自身材料翻边厚度大于空心铆钉厚度，故增加了抗拉强度，抗扭矩刚性大大提高，同传统的建筑扣件相比， 具 ，可靠，本建筑扣件的结构强度大大优于传统的建筑扣件。\n淬火后在室温停留：淬火后， 要使套圈内外均匀冷至室温后进行冷处理，否则容易开裂，冷至室温后马上冷处理（一般不超过30min），否则会中止奥氏体向马氏体的转变。\n冷处理温度：冷处理的温度主要根据钢的马氏体转变终止温度Mf，另外还要考虑冷处理对机械性能的影响及工艺性等因素。\n对于GCr15钢，冷处理选用-70℃；精度要求不甚高的套圈或设备有限制时，冷处理温度可选为-40～-70℃；超建筑扣件，可在-70℃～-80℃之间进行冷处理。过冷的温度影响建筑扣件冲击疲劳和接触寿命。\n冷处理保温：虽然大量马氏体的转变是在冷到 温度倾刻间完成的，但为使一批套圈表面与心部都均匀达到冷处理温度，需要 的保温时间，一般为1～1。5h。\n冷处理后的回火：套圈冷处理后放在空气中，其温度缓慢升至室温后及时进行回火。温升不能太快，否则容易开裂；回火及时，否则套圈内部较大的残余应力会导致套圈开裂，一般不超过2h。\n冷处理的作用：建筑扣件对尺寸稳定性要求较高；套圈淬火（尤其是分级淬火）后，内部组织仍保留较多的残余奥氏体，这种残余奥氏体是不稳定的组织，在储存和使用建筑扣件过程中，会不断地发生变化，从而改变建筑扣件的精度。为此采用冷处理工艺，它能减少组织中的残余奥氏体，稍微提高零件的硬度。\n对于建筑扣件和抗滑式建筑扣件的使用和特点，需要注意的事项很多，但是针对目前的国内外需求市场，这两种扣件的需求将会迎来一个新的时期。\n金属热处理工艺大体可分为整体热处理、表面热处理、局部热处理和化学热处理等。根据加热介质、加热温度和冷却方法的不同，每一大类又可区分为若干不同的热处理工艺。同一种金属采用不同的热处理工艺，可获得不同的组织，从而具有不同的性能。钢铁是工业上应用 广的金属，而且钢铁显微组织也 为复杂，因此钢铁热处理工艺种类繁多。\n"}
{"text": "设置代理出价：什么是代理出价？\n在上面的出价栏里输入高于当前最低出价的价格。\n最好是加价幅度倍数，高出部分自动设置为代理价。\n所有竞价的域名只有这一次机会，一旦竞价结束将不可能还有机会了，如果你喜欢此域名就快些出手吧，一个好域名是非常难得请不要错过机会！\n1、出价需冻结出价金额的20%作为保证金，出价被超出时自动解冻。\n2、竞价结束前的5分钟内，为了保证公平，如有新的出价，则自动延时0-10分钟，直至无新的出价为止。\n3、由于实际结束时间有波动，最后3分钟出价不能确保有效，请务必在最后3分钟前出价。\n4、外部出价说明：是外部平台用户的出价。外部出价有时未按加价幅度出价（或出相同价却领先），这是由于外部平台存在代理价造成的，属正常现象。\n5、代理出价：当您的实际出价 大于 当时所需最低出价时，系统仍然会以最低出价替您报价，如无人竞价，则您以最低出价得标；如有人出价，系统会自动替您竞价，直至您的代理价被超出。\n6、如何设置代理价：直接出价，系统只会以加价幅度替您加价，高出部分自动设置为代理价。\n7、剩余时间显示：“即将结束”表示内部结束，但是外部还未结束，外部可能会有新的出价，请保持关注，直至结束。\n8、域名竞价的价格请以本站出价时显示的为准，其它网站显示的并异步本站。\n得标费用：\n1、域名得标后，系统将自动从您的可用余额中扣除相应款项。[余额不足的，请在72小时内补齐，否则按违约处理！]\n2、费用支付完毕后，域名自动过户到您的帐户，您可以在本站管理修改解析域名；[域名注册满60天可以自由转出]\n任何系统都不可能100%完美，我们尽可能降低故障率，控制在万分之一以内。如果由于本站自身问题的原因，导致用户该拿到而没有拿到域名，本站将表示道歉，并赔偿(国际域名人民币1000元，国内cn域名人民币200元)。\n1、本站竞价的域名都是代理海外或国内其它注册商，非本站发起。\n2、如因不可抗拒的因素导致域名竞价失败的（如服务器断电， 网络断网，服务器受到攻击、竞价发起商原因不能交付域名、竞价发起商不能连通等情况），本站不承担任何经济及法律责任；\n3、由于竞价域名基本都是过期删除的域名，所以我们无法确定域名是否被第三方软件拦截或者被国家防火墙拦截，竞价前务必自行判断，如由于第三方拦截导致的问题，本站不承担任何经济以及法律责任！\n4、如因竞价发起商问题，导致得标的域名无法正常交付，我们将不承担责任，但已扣款项会退还给您，如需提现并不收提现手续费。\n5、因代竞价平台的特殊性，本站竞价域名一律不准违约。请在自己的合理预算内冷静、理性出价。\n6、违约处理：冻结您的帐户以及帐户下所有域名，如7天内未联系本站，本站可有权公开拍卖您帐户下的所有域名，已扣费用不退！\n7、竞价得标的域名请不要用于制作钓鱼诈骗色情等非法网站，发现一律封锁域名，封锁帐户，费用不退，并且将违法帐户信息上报公安部门，后果自负，谢谢合作！\n8、本站不承担由域名竞价所引起的一切经济及法律责任；\n9、如不同意本规则，请勿出价，一旦出价无法撤销，并表示您已同意上述规则！"}
{"text": "本文摘要：目录什么是井喷造成井喷的原因有哪些天然气井喷事故井喷的原因1.什么是井喷井喷，顾名思义，形象地讲，就如同打井打到承压水，\n井喷，顾名思义，形象地讲，就如同打井打到承压水，一下子往上高喷而出。指的是某种事物在某一时间频繁发生、或达到高潮或火爆状态的一种现象。“井喷”，最初来源于石油开采过程中而引入的词语。是石油或石油气开采中非常忌讳的意外事故，钻井时要把泥浆注入井管来平衡地下地层对油气的压力。但是当勘测时对地下压力测试不准或注入的泥浆密度太低或出现地层压力突然变大等情况时，井管中的油或气喷出地面或流入井内的其他地层就发生了井喷，井喷往往伴随着有毒气体的着火，造成对环境和人较大的危害。扩展资料：井喷在股市里面是行话：股市长期受某种利空因素的影响，股价低靡或长期非理性地下跌，众多大小投资者被套或不愿介入——一但这种利空因素被去除，被非理性低估股价的股票会被大小投资者在第一时间集中介入，致使股市暴涨——这就是股市井喷。汽车市场中的所指:指买汽车的人特别多，市场达到了一个空前好的状态。参考资料来源：\n. 一级井控：利用钻井液密度，建立井内压力平衡。 二级井控：发生溢流后，利用井口防喷器憋回压后压井，恢复井内压力平衡。 三级井控：井喷后的处理和压力控制。\n井喷事故指一种地层中流体喷出地面或流入井内其他地层的现象，大多发生在开采石油天然气的现场。引起井喷的原因有多种：地层压力掌握不准、泥浆密度偏低、井内泥浆液柱高度降低；起钻抽吸，以及其他不当措施等。井喷有的是正常现象，但出现井喷事故，天然气喷出后如遇火星，会发生燃烧，因此非常危险。常见的抢险方法是将密度大的重晶石泥浆灌到井里，以增加压力，止住井喷继续发生。扩展资料:预防井喷火灾的主要措施是：1、钻至油气层之前，检查泥浆性能，使比 重符合设计要求; 同时准备一定数量的备用 泥浆和加重剂。2、严格控制火源，井场禁 止吸烟，不准动用明火;必须明火作业时，应 办理动火审批手续并采取可靠的安全措施。3、柴油机排气管要每半月清除一次积炭。4、 采用电驱动钻井时，要按电气规程安装 电气设备和线路，采取必要的继电保护措施， 防止短路，避免超负荷运行。5、冬季井场 的锅炉应安装在距井口50米以外的侧风方 向。6、钻至油气层前，应装好防喷装置，并 应使防喷器蕊子与钻杆直径相吻合; 开关要 灵活好用，阀门手轮与井架底座边缘距离不 应小于5米。7、发生井喷，应立即停下柴 油机、切断电源、禁止机动车辆进入井场。参考资料来源:\n"}
{"text": "1.友爱的：该起床了，别睡了，快变小猪了，哈哈哈哈哈~~，我想你了，你想我吗?\n2.友爱的你累吗?昨天晚上马不停蹄地在我脑海里跑了一整夜，可真辛苦你了。\n3.给我一个悄悄的早安吻。\n4.早安!夜里的星星有没有我啊?\n5.早安!看着天边的红日蹦出来一次又一次，盼望你的一天也如刚升起的红日一般。\n6.昨天做了一个梦，上帝问我“你爱谁”我说我爱她，死后上帝又问“你爱谁”我说我的答案永不变。\n7.太阳要晒背，你怎么还睡?\n8.天亮了吧，闹铃响了吧，极不情愿地起床了吧，我的问候及时赶到了吧，快乐了吧，那就笑笑吧。友爱的朋友，早上好，愿你今天有个好心情!\n9.除了爱你…我想不出能使我继续活着的理由…我的爱人，早上好哦。\n10.早上，看着你(你)的眼我看见了大海蓝天；更看到了漂亮的将来!\n11.春风如梦风过无痕，只为心的思念，遥寄一份浓浓的祝福。\n12.蓝天吻着海洋，海洋偎着蓝天，我把祝福写在蓝天碧波上。\n13.真诚的祝福带给远方的你，愿你事事顺心，欢乐相随。\n14.在我心灵的百花园里，采集金色的鲜花，我把最鲜艳的一朵给你，作为我对你的问候。你好!\n"}
{"text": "● 系统集成 展望计算机网络公司专业从事各种操作平台包括Novell、 Windows NT、UNIX等的Intranet（局域网）构建和维护，并提供网络设计→综合布线→系统集成→软件开发→运作维护等一条龙服务。主要服务对象包括各中小型企业、政府机关、各大中小院校、酒店宾馆、医院、网吧、商场娱乐等行业部门。\n● 软件开发 由扬州展望计算机网络公司和上海恒星软件公司研制开发的各种MIS系统（信息管理系统），如中小型企业信息管理系统、院校管理信息系统（MisSchool）、酒店管理系统（MisHotel）、医院管理信息系统（MisHospital）、商场POS收银系统等大型管理软件，经过无数次实践论证，得到了用户的充分肯定和认可。另外，展望计算机网络公司还可根据客户的需求，度身订做各种应用软件。\n● Internet信息技术服务 为加快苏北地区国际互联网建设进程，展望计算机网络公司致力于INTERNET信息技术在商业中的推广和应用（如电子商务、互联网广告等），给您一个无限广阔的发展空间，让您的企业充分利用Internet的优势，掌握无穷信息，把握无限商机！\n● 其它 展望计算机网络公司还承接智能卡IC卡工程、视频监控、多媒体制作等项目。\n扬州展望目前拥有跨洋网([URL]、润扬网([URL]、评介网([URL]。跨洋网目前主要介绍公司的现行状况；润扬网将用于介绍扬州本地综合信息为主的大型网站，将下设扬州风情、人文地理、维扬名菜、扬州风景、扬州诗词、电脑行情等栏目；评介网将用于开展B To C式的电子商务，浏览评介网，可以在线查阅网站下浏览者对于商品的评介信息，以利于对浏览的商品有正确的认识，同时也可以将浏览对商品的评介信息进行在线发布。通过三网，扬州展望将在网上形成互为补充、共同发展的网站群！为以后公司在互联网上的发展奠定坚实的基础！\n扬州展望目前拥有员工十五人，其中大专以上学历11人，本科以上学历2人，占公司员工数的87%；并且都有多年从事IT行业的经验。公司下设技术部、客户服务部、市场部、总经理办公室、财务部等。"}
{"text": "您好，欢迎登陆天津太平洋化学制药有限公司官网！\n天津太平洋化学制药有限公司始建于2001年。位于天津市津南区开发区。占地39000多平方米。建筑面积9259.55平方米。\n公司现生产经营多种原料药品种，配备有先进的生产设备及检验仪器，由高素质的人员从事科研、开发、技术、销售等工作。从而达到对生产和质量进行严格的科学管理和良好的售后服务。以GMP规范为标准，遵循“更科学、更严谨、更规范一—对生命负责”的公司理念和宗旨，严格管理，确保质量。不断提高拳头产品的竞争力，努力使企业各项工作取得更大发展。\n公司自创立之日起 就始终坚持以市场为导向，质量为保证，科技为先导，严格按照市场经济的规律，来规范和完善企业的行为。不断倾听来自于客户的声音。从根本上保证了市场决策和运作的正确性、有效性、合理性。公司以不断推新的产品和良好质量为”纲” 以完善的销售服务为“目”以原料销售为媒介；广交各界友人，共同进步、共同发展"}
{"text": "电源适配器​相信大家对它都比较清楚，因为家庭中很多电器设备都需要用到，但是说到它的详细参数有哪些，很多人就不知道了，下面就跟随小编一起来了解下吧！\n怎么判断电池是否充满电了？\n手机是我们生活中离不开的东西，当然手机充电器是必不可少的，但是怎么判断电池是否充满电了呢?这些是大部分人心里的疑问，下面就跟随充电器厂家​一起来了解下吧！\n电源适配器可以用在哪些行业？\n电源适配器​对于咱们一定不会陌生，因为只要用到笔记本电脑，就需要用到电源适配器。但电源适配器并不仅仅只是运用在笔记本电脑中，它的运用范围是十分广泛的，下面就跟随小编一起来了解下它可以用在哪些行业吧！\n电源适配器的几个常见问题！\n电源适配器​在我们的生活中起到了不可缺少的作用，他可能在明面上不容易被大家发现，但是家用电器中都离不开它的身影，今天小编就来为大家介绍下电源适配器的几个常见问题！一起来看看吧！\n"}
{"text": "暑假即将结束，为了调整好家长、学生的心态，迎接疫情防控常态化背景下的新学年，23日，福州市教育局指导下辖的未成年人心理健康辅导机构，发布了秋季开学心理调适建议书。\n给家长的建议是从“心”开始：为孩子创设收心的环境，可帮助孩子逐步调节好生物钟；与孩子进行情感交流，可选择孩子感兴趣的话题聊，多站在孩子的立场考虑问题；激活学习内驱力，肯定孩子的进步，正确引领孩子的求知欲；协商电子产品使用，不简单、粗暴地强制阻止，最好是以身作则，为孩子树好榜样；注重学习防内卷，尽量了解掌握教育政策规定，少一些盲目“赢在起跑线上”的心态，多一些规避“倒在终点线上”的实招。\n给学生的建议则分初中、高中、中职三个学段具体提出：提前进入开学状态，恢复作息规律，适度使用网络、手机，自主培养良习；规范学习生活，开学后，培养良好的学习习惯，学会自我管理。特别注意的是，学生需用适合的方式表达自己的感受，及时合理宣泄情绪，避免情绪积压；不沾染陋习，不懈怠、不沉沦；积极、开放、建设性地与老师、同学交流，学会换位思考，理解尊重他人；正确应对青春期生理心理变化，主动与父母沟通等。（记者庄严）\n"}
{"text": "每个人都希望生活井井有条，然而理想很美好，现实很烦心，整理收纳却困扰着不少人。看似简单的收纳，如今催生了一门新职业：整理收纳师。\n新品略关注到，这两天有一条“你会聘请整理收纳师吗？”微博热搜线点，该线万。\n原来是在今年人社部公布的新职业中，“家政服务员”职业下新增的“整理收纳师”工种受到了广泛关注。新华网发起了上述微博话题，引发了网友热议。\n相信很多人不是第一次听说整理收纳师，此前就多次登上热搜，被媒体经常报道，新品略记得央视财经也曾报道过这一职业。\n收纳整理师最开始被称为衣橱整理师，是通过对客户色彩风格、诊断，进而有针对性地为顾客上门整理衣橱。\n后来整理收纳师开始担当起专业顾问角色，比如陪同客户购买适合他们的衣物和居家物品。\n当给客户面临取舍哪些物品陷入纠结时，整理收纳师需要用专业见解引导和帮助客户做出“断舍离”的决策。\n整理收纳师的专业定义是指，通过与客户间的深度交流，为客户提供居家整理、收纳方案和服务的专业人士。\n整理收纳师首先要对可供整理收纳的地方进行规划，需要专业的空间规划知识和能力。其次，需要对收纳整理的物品进行识别和分类，要求具有极佳的逻辑思维能力，还要专门清楚整理收纳器具需要如何恰当使用，既保持整洁，又便于寻找。\n新品略了解到，国内大城市整理服务定价是400元一小时，活动体验价为200元一小时。从单价来看，收纳师服务报价高过家政服务。而别墅新房收纳业务一单可能达到两三万元。如果陪同购物按小时计费，每小时价格在200～400元不等。\n按此简单推算，一名整理收纳师每个月平均三四次陪同购物、一两次整理衣橱，再加上一个季度一次的常年顾客，月收入即可轻松突破万元。\n根据新浪乐居财经发布的《2020中国整理行业白皮书》调查显示，85%的中国人不懂空间规划，他们当中91%的人患有囤积症，舍不得扔衣服；83%的人衣柜衣物数超过500件；75%的人浪费大量储物空间。\n可以看出许多人受到整理收纳困扰，有明显的市场需求，从市场经济学角度来说，有需求就会有供给。\n在新品略看来，整理收纳师之所以日益被更多人所接受，主要原因体现在以下三个方面。\n在现代社会，人们工作和生活节奏都较快，特别是在一二线城市或者新一线城市，在快节奏生活环境下，人们有很强的时间观念。\n整理收纳是许多人的生活方式刚需，通过请专业整理收纳师，能在短时间内将家整理得井井有条，可以节省大量的时间，让时间去创造更大价值，花更多时间去享受生活。\n很多人在生活中收拾整理家都会亲力亲为，可如今随着人们生活水平的提高，生活观念发生明显改变，对生活品质也有了更高要求。\n整理衣物就是整理心情，就是整理生活品质，整理收纳师看似是一门简单的工作，其实很专业，通过专业整理收纳能明显改变家中形象，能切感受到生活的改变，感受到生活品质的提高。\n现在有很多年轻人最开始接受整理收纳师只是抱着试一试，有着好奇心的心态，然而当真正看到专业整理收纳师和工作成果时，都会惊叹不已。\n新品略观察到，不少年轻消费者人群对生活品质要求越来越高，而且他们有足够的支付能力，愿意聘请各类专业人员帮助或给自己的生活提出专业意见。\n美国《商业评论》杂志将整理收纳行业定义为“朝阳行业”，中国的整理收纳行业被市场各方所看好。\n根据中研普华发布的《2020整理收纳白皮书》显示，截至2020年，整理收纳行业年产值已达1000亿元，成为极具潜力的新蓝海。\n天眼查数据显示，我国已有超130家整理收纳相关企业，近年来企业注册呈快速增长之势，年度注册增速保持在33%以上，仅2020年就新增30多家，年注册增速达到102.7%。\n数据显示，目前全国接受过职业整理收纳师培训的人数只有万余人，2019年~2020年全国新增职业整理师2200余人，增长势头强劲，行业未来两年对整理收纳师的岗位需求将近两万人。\n整理收纳行业的发展也同样为业务培训、出单服务、收纳用品销售、家具设计及生活服务互联网平台等带来市场机遇。\n目前整理收纳行业在欧美和日本已经十分成熟，进入中国市场也仅有10多年时间，目前中国的整理收纳行业处于发展初级阶段，市场尚需规范标准，市场规范化仍有欠缺，目前还没有行业统一规定和规范，行业参与各方正积极推进整理收纳行业的标准化，推动市场朝着规范方向发展。\n从未来发展趋势来看，有市场研究机构预计中国整理收纳行业未来每年增速在20%～30%左右，行业将会加速发展，市场前景可期。\n职业整理收纳师从小众走向大众，反映的是人们生活水平的不断提高和对美好生活幸福的追求，相信未来会有越来越多的新兴职业出现，服务大众，服务生活。"}
{"text": "火力发电是现代社会电力发展的主力军，火电仍占领电力的大部分市场，近几年电力发展滞后经济发展，全国增添了大量的火电厂，但火电技术必须不断提高发展，才能适应和谐社会的要求。\n输煤系统作为电厂外围尤为重要的系统，一直为电厂锅炉提供燃料，是电厂能否运行的重要保证。在传统模式中，输煤系统有自己独立的控制室，有且仅有在这个控制室中才能实现对整个系统的实时监控，其局限性可想而知。整条输煤传送线路不仅占地面积大、输送距离远，还有设备高低落差的限制，传统的二维组态画面已经不能将其清晰直观的展现出来。\n现在通过使用图扑 Web 组态软件，运行人员和系统工程师可以在任何有网络的地方通过手机、平板电脑和普通 ＰＣ 机就可以实现对整个系统的实时监控，方便快捷，大大提高了工作的灵活性，也为整个系统的监控、维护和紧急维修提供了更加灵活方便的新平台。\n使用三维组态画面用和网络技术将系统运行过程中的各种要素和整套系统的实时运行状况呈现给每一个系统维护人员。三维可视化流程清晰准确立体的展现出整个输煤系统工作流程，详细到每一台设备的当前工作状态。\n做到实时监控相关数据，不仅能及时发现已经发生的故障，在三维组态画面中能非常准确直观的展现出来。也能及时发现并提醒可能会出现的故障，在系统运行期间迅速有效地处理好问题以免影响到其他设备系统的正常工作运行。并且可通过远程监控屏幕直接调整系统进入手动或自动模式，调控皮带机等设备的工作状态，真正做到远程监控，自我调整，精准控制。\n相较于传统的上位机监控体系具有以下优势：\n打破了传统上位机监控模式的限制，实现的随时随地对系统运行的精准把控，大大提高了人力资源的优化。\n动态立体展示，使数据实时可以被感知，促进管理决策合理，确保运行精准高效。\n自动完成数据采集，及时提出故障报警，进行针对性维护，提升设备的科技含量和使用寿命。不仅改变了电厂管理模式，也为用户提供了最佳的工作体验。\n燃煤的输送只是火电厂系统的一个分支，火电厂还包括一些辅助生产系统如：水的化学处理系统、灰浆的排放系统等等。这些系统与主系统协调工作，相互配合完成电能的生产任务。\n现代化的火电厂，已经开始采用先进的计算机分散控制系统。为保证设备的正常运转，配备大量的仪表，以此来监管设备的运行状况，同时还设有自动控制装置，方便及时调节。这些控制系统可以对整个生产过程进行控制和自动调节，根据不同情况协调各设备的工作状况，使整个电厂的自动化水平达到了新的高度。在此，图扑 Web 组态软件将传统上位机监控体系与网络技术相结合，研发出符合未来工业发展趋势的新型上位机监控软件。紧跟工业４.０发展的脚步，为智能工业体系建造新的里程碑！"}
{"text": "所以互联网行业里有一句话，说是在互联网上，只有老大没有老二，虽然说的有点绝对，但是不无道理可以说现在是一个品牌泛滥的年代。\n众所周知，互联网颠覆了人们的生活、颠覆了传统行业，同样也颠覆了阀门产业的营销行为。在互联网时代之下，有品牌也不一定卖得好。因为互联网打破了地域限制消除了各种信息不对称。在传统，有各种地方知名阀门品牌，但是有了互联网后，大家发现所有的同类品牌都是在同一平台竞争，而基于第一法则大部分用户只会选择行业里有限的几个知名阀门品牌。\n在这种情况下粉丝经济的出现是偶然，也是必然是顺应时代的产物在互联网时代下，光有品牌不行你的品牌还要有粉丝。在当下，只有拥有粉丝的企业，才能活的长久。有庞大的粉丝人群自然也蕴涵着巨大的经济能量，企业营造一个健康的粉丝文化，能撬动一个潜力巨大的粉丝产业，形成一种新兴的粉丝经济。如何顺应膨胀的市场经济体系，通过粉丝经济带动企业效益，一直萦绕在企业主脑海中。而互联网的快速发展，颠覆了传统企业的行销力模式，究竟如何玩转粉丝经济才不会走弯路呢?\n目前很多阀门企业把粉丝经济理解成了就是在微信建个公众号，然后拉人和发广告，把这么一个先进和高大上的东西变成了拉客经济小广告经济。一些企业为了让人关注自己的公众号穷尽了脑汁，关注后便是日日小广告伺候。\n要玩好粉丝经济，首先要明白为什么要玩粉丝经济，其本质是什么。这就是所谓的道和术的问题，微信也好、微博也罢，没有正确的方式是不一定能发挥很好的作用的。\n要明白这个问题，先得弄明白网络行销力的本质是什么。其实网络行销力也好、传统行销力也罢，亦或现在流行的移动行销力，其本质都是行销，网络移动只是渠道行销力。那行销的本质是什么呢?行销追求的成果是利润，应该说所有的阀门企业做的一切工作基本上都是为了追求利润，企业没有利润，其它都是白扯。\n而行销力追求的目标是品牌，一个企业要生存，一定要有竞争力，而企业最大的竞争力是品牌。从用户的心理学角度来说，品牌会对用户的购买决策造成非常重要的影响。当两个产品的条件差不多时，比如说价钱差不多，那用户往往会选择第一品牌。当有了品牌之后，再做行销力是为了维护品牌。\n在如今这种注意力的经济时代，一个阀门企业受尊重的品牌价值往往是用物质无法衡量的，这是一笔无形的资产。这不仅仅意味着将要得到用户的心，而且还要得到用户的认同。在如今的功利性时代，尤其是在城市，没有人会无缘无故地说一个人的好话。人们没有太多时间主动传播信息，要想获得市场口碑必须有意为之，要主动传播，雁过留声，品牌的美誉度要靠自己建立，只有通过品牌建设与传播才能深入人心持久恒效才能可持续生存与发展。\n"}
{"text": "农学考研听起来很多同学就已经选择望而却步了，传统印象中这个老祖宗从事了几千年的工作，如果有发展，有前景，怎么还轮得到工业革命的革新?跨考教育郭锐老师要告诉你，你大错特错了!\n首先，我们先来看看农学都包括哪些一级学科以及一级学科里有哪些专业!\n一级学科分为：作物学、园艺学、农业资源利用、植物保护、畜牧学、兽医学、林学、水产。从一级学科的命名我们可以看出，基本包括了你所了解的农业(俗称种地)以及你不清楚的植物保护，林学和听起来很有美感的园艺学。\n一级学科里包括的专业有：作物栽培学与耕作学、作物遗传育种、果树学、蔬菜学、茶学、土壤学、植物营养学、动物营养与饲料科学、草业科学、特种经济动物饲养(含蚕、蜂等)、林木遗传育种、森林经理学、园林植物与观赏园艺等26个专业。\n从这一点看，就打破了你所认为的老祖宗从事千年的工作，毕竟老祖宗不会通过有数据支持和实验室分析进行养殖和耕种。\n其次，农学不是院校想开设就有能力开设的，农业人才并没有你想象中的那么充足。\n从开设院校之少就可以看出农业人才的紧缺。\n再次，农学录取分数线在13大门类中属中下水平。\n相较于经济学、法学动辄350、360甚至更高的录取分数线，农学就算是自主命题的国内顶尖院校，录取分数最高的哈工大也没有超过330分，近2、3年这些院校的录取分数更是在300分左右。\n最后，也是最重要的，国家政策每一年都在农业方面有新的倾向性。\n持续到2020年的全国农业现代化规划，《关于加强耕地保护和改进占补平衡的意见》、在全国开展特色农产品优势区创建工作、建设“三区”“三园”加“一体”、“三推三提”促畜牧业升级、新型职业农民培育网上开始申报、商务部着力促进农村电商发展、我国首次明确扶持新型农业经营主体发展等等，无一不告诉我们久居“冷宫”的农学真的开始“吃香”了!\n从各种管乐大学毕业生人才招聘会的报道中，我们可以发现农学专业人才成为亮点，农业类人才逐渐成为职场新宠。未来中国所需的农业科技人才可能要达到几百万。现代农业的概念远远超过人们的传统所认为的，种菜种粮、养猪养鸡的范畴，已经涵概生态，营养，动植物检疫，食品加工、克隆、花卉、草坪、农药、化肥、农产品的国际贸易、农村社会的发展、规划、开发等诸多方面的内容。进期，农业人才招聘会频频举行，农业人才走势上扬，一向相对冷门的农业类人才逐渐成为职场新宠。\n而且随着国内绿色景观神态的逐渐重视和深度开发、农业、园林、绿化、环保，园林/园艺景观设计及建筑规划类人才成为城市建设的新宠，也是当前人才市场供求的热点;绿色之旅和以人文为主题的农家之旅成为当今旅游的业的时尚，与园林，环保形成了就业链;一向相对冷门的农业人才近两年来也备受社会的关注。跨考教育郭锐老师告诉大家，近年来随着农村经济的持续发展，需要越来越多的农业科技方面的人才，农学作为培养农业生产很研究方面的高级人才的学科得到越来越多的重视。"}
{"text": "1.性能与特点：MBY系列减速器采用了现代齿轮设计制造术，吸取了国内外同类产品的优点，总结了国内设计制造同类产品的经验，根据水泥等行业使用特点，专门精心设计用于水泥磨、煤磨等用途的边缘传动机减速器。\nMBY系列减速器采用单级减速、带专用油站、齿轮全部为硬齿面，精度达6级( GB10095 -88)以上，与国内外同类产品相比，具有体积小、重量轻、外形简洁大方、操作简单、维修方便、可靠，使用寿命长等特点，广泛应用于新厂选型及老厂技术改造和设备的更新换代。\n主要用于水泥磨、煤磨等边缘传动机减速器。\n减速器高速轴转速不大于1000r/min。\n齿轮圆周速度不大于20m/s允许正反运转。\n减速器工作环境温度为_40C+40C，低于0C时，启动前应预热润滑油，高于40C时应采取隔热和制冷措施。"}
{"text": "硬齿面减速器主要包括平行轴系列和垂直轴系列．平行轴减速器是按国家标准 (JB／T8853—200。1)生产，产品经优化设计。具有国际八十年代先进水平，它主要包括ZDY(单级)、ZLY(两级)、ZSY(3级)和ZFY(四级)四大系列，垂直轴减速器是按国家标准(’B／T9002—1999)生产．用于输入轴与输出轴呈垂直方向布置的传动装置．它主要包括DBY、DCY和DFY三大系列；性能特点\n(1)中-心距．公称传动比等主要参数均经优化设计，主要零、部件—里换性好(2)齿轮均采用良好合金钢经渗碳、淬火而成．齿面硬度达54～62HRC(3)体积小、重量轻、精度高、承载能力大、效率高，寿命长，可靠性高、传动平稳、噪声低。\n(4)一般采用油池润滑．自然冷-却，当热功率不能满足时，可采用循环油涧滑或风扇。冷-却盘管冷-却。"}
{"text": "互联网的存在给了传统行业带来许多的机会像制造业打破了空间地域的限制让大量的信息流动及沟通成为可能也帮助制造业成为一个互联网+模式。链动通过互联网成为“互联网+制造业”模式公司将生产物流销售等链接起来为消费创造更多的价值。\n链动的“互联网+制造业”模式公司通过互联网打造用户聚合平台、多元社交平台等可以使得生产者无限接近消费者并收集到消费者的直接信息进行分析快速满足消费者的个性化需求实现紧密联系高效协作的生态系统。同时也打破了原有的固化生产线和生产体系使得以消费者需求为中心的个性化研发、生产、服务与工厂大规模生产不再割裂和对立而是可以兼顾发展、相辅相成。\n“互联网+制造业”模式公司是互联网+下产生的使得消费者直链生产者减少中间的差价也减少了许多资源的浪费同时也可以让企业走在消费者的前面为消费者着想优先解决消费者的个性化定制满足消费者的消费升级的需求。\n互联网+下的模式让传统企业互联网化增强了市场的公开性与透明性为制造为带来了新的活力进而加大制造业与消费者的连接实现大规模个性化定制的生活也减少了库存的压力。\n互联网+能整合各方优势资源形成跨领域、网络化的协同创新平台实现关键核心技术攻关。“互联网+制造业”模式公司利用互联网建立了创新网络实现信息共享和协同创新的机会为企业和消费者带来更多的价值。\n“焊材网”微信公众平台在此背景下诞生平台创始人张总介绍作为一套工具“焊材网”是集企业管理软件、施工管理、、机械配件、机械整套设备、材料供应商平台、制作社交等功能于一体的协同平台;作为一种方法“焊材网”有企业实践经验、信息化解决方案和互联网转型之道是企业转型升级好帮手。整合优质焊材企业资源形成资源互补、强强联合更好的满足消费者焊材消费需求。也为消费者提供了全面的焊材信息服务使家装真正成为一种简单、透明的消费用户只需要通过信息对比找到相应的产品和服务即可。\n“焊材网”创始人张总说:“互联网化发展已经是一种行业的必然趋势对于传统制造业来说不是你要不要接受的问题而是你何时接受的问题只有那些勇于面对互联网趋势并成功利用的企业才能在未来竞争中赢得一席之地。“焊材网”作为传统制造行业互联网化的倡导者正在迅速成长!”\n目前“焊材网”微信公众平台已全面上线平台年中大优惠申请入驻两年的商户可送会员半年申请入驻一年的商户可送会员三个月名额有限欢迎做模具行业的企业以及个人积极入驻加盟!\n"}
{"text": "近年来，国家通过组织开展药品集中采购，明显降低了药品价格，减少了企业交易成本，从而引导医院规范用药，让百姓得到了实惠。同时，国家越来越重视新药研发，让新药研发和上市成为了医药行业热点。这意味着未来将有越来越多的医药科技成果转化为生产力，更好地服务于国计民生。而在药品上市之前，CRO(合同研究组织)则起到了至关重要的作用。\n成立于2002年的北京卓越未来国际医药科技发展有限公司(北京卓越未来)，是国内最早的临床CRO之一。公司秉承“稳健、务实、严谨”的科学态度，致力于为广大制药企业提供。公司通过多年的发展，在业内建立了良好的口碑和信誉。\n截至目前，北京卓越未来已承接新药、器械及上市后药品的临床研究项目1000余项涉及呼吸、肿瘤、骨科、心血箮、儿科、精神、消化、麻醉等多个领域专业几乎涵盖整个医学细分学科。CRO项目承接创新药近50项SMO项目承接创新药近150项;承接项目涵盖化药、中药、生物药。\n临床研究是新药上市之前的一项重要程序，也是医药企业最重视的方面之一。北京卓越未来将临床研究细分为224个工序节点，在项目管理、专业技术能力等方面不断积累、提升，建立了严格的质量控制体系和操作规范，严格把控项目流程与质量。同时引进先进的甲骨文项目管理系统，建立系统的培训体系，实行四级职能和区域化精细运营，真正达到项目全程精细化管理，目前已通过了 ISO9001质量体系认证。\n经近20年的发展公司不但从临床CRO业务扩展到SMO及临床前CRO业务同时在处方筛选、工艺验证、新药申报立项、创新药早期介入、临床前硏究、临床试验、注册申报等十多个药物研发阶段和环节都形成了独有的特色，部分关键技术达到国内行业领先水平。从而进一步保证为客户提供一站式和专业化的服务。\n北京卓越未来凭借领域内的深耕，累积了丰富的专业资源和强大的技术实力。凭借经验丰富的专家团队、标准规范的业务流程规范、严格完备的质控体系让公司形成了稳定强大的项目管理及执行优势目前已成长为业内公认的诚信度和专业性兼备的国内优秀临床研究CRO公司之一，并与国内众多医药企业建立并保持良好的合作关系。\n截至2020年，公司已连续四年获得中国医药研发(外包)20强证书，并获得北京科委颁发的“优秀CRO公司”证书。凭借自身实力和良好的信誉，北京卓越未来公司已成为制药企业合作的最佳选择。携手卓越未来，定能同创卓越、成就未来!"}
{"text": "SMM11月20日讯：锂电行业，在经历2020年上半年的行业降温，产业链上的客户群，如前驱体、材料、电池、汽车等下游企业与上游镍钴锂原料生产企业之间已横亘着一层厚厚的迷雾目前疫情后市场，补贴退坡、全球贸易等诸多因素影响，后期行业又该如何在2020年末实现更好地开拓合作及谋求发展？SMM整合了锂电产业链的上下游企业，开启“SMM乘风破浪锂电万里行”考察团第三站湖南，与行业大佬一起进行实地考察中国锂电产业原料企业生产情况，谋求更精准、更深度的合作，创造更有效、更持续的交流。\n11月17日-20日SMM新能源事业部总监王甜、营销顾问余磊带领SMM工作人员以及考察团成员主要走访位于湖南的锂电产业原料企业生产情况， 谋求更精准更深度的合作机会。本次考察团由上海弗雷西阀门有限公司、江西省隆恩特环保设备有限公司、沃尔森廊坊控制系统设备有限公司、杭州上拓环境科技股份有限公司、凯鑫管道科技有限公司、湘潭惠博离心机有限公司大力赞助。第七站湖南雅城新材料有限公司。\n今日，SMM与考察团成员来到湖南雅城新材料有限公司，雅城新材料等领导表示热烈欢迎并进行了接待。首先，雅城新材料详细介绍了公司的业务发展情况。[URL]，\n合纵科技于2015年创业板上市，是一家民营上市公司，属于能源领域。主营两大业务：电力板块配电智能化设备研发制造，是国内配电行业龙头企业；锂电池板块锂电池正极材料前驱体，是业内领先企业。\n锂电板块：通过湖南雅城+天津茂联公司构筑了“资源冶炼材料”完整产业链布局，掌握了上端资源拥有核心竞争力，未来2年左右将会成为国内外锂电池材料第一集团军，打造合纵科技第二支柱产业。\n随后，www.76989.cc，SMM与考察团成员参观了雅城新材料的工厂，深入了解钴系产品的技术优势以及特色之处。\nSMM及锂下游企业代表们就雅城新材料的核心竞争力、未来发展规划等方面进行了深入的交流。\n公司把电池材料的生产和研发作为产品的主要发展方向，从现有的锂电池正极材料四氧化三钴向磷酸铁、三元前驱体发展，致力于成为全国电池材料行业具有标杆地位的企业，成为全球重要的电池材料供应商，利用3-5年时间占领国内电池材料产业15%以上的市场，国际市场占有率达到5%以上。其中四氧化三钴主要用于制造锂离子电池正极材料，也可用于色釉料及磁性材料；氢氧化亚钴主要用于制造橡胶粘结剂、石化催化剂和锂电池正极材料；磷酸铁主要用于制造锂离子电池正极材料，也可用作催化剂及制造瓷等。\nSMM专门设立考察单位授牌环节，给考察企业与被考察企业之间更增添一份和谐发展、愉悦交流的仪式感，SMM新能源事业部总监王甜现场为雅城新材料授牌。\n参观工厂结束后，SMM及锂下游企业代表们与雅城新材料一起合影留念，增加彼此间更深厚的合作友谊，相信在接下来还将有更深层次的交流跟合作！\n经过此次走访调研，SMM与锂下游企业代表们对雅城新材料的产品、技术、公司发展情况等方面有了更深的理解，同时对锂行业的市场现状、发展趋势、以及存在的问题有了更深刻的认识，将继续与各大企业深化合作，以实现优势互补，共同推动中国锂产业的发展。\n"}
{"text": "抚顺传媒网讯 （叶芷豪 抚顺晚报记者 刘 猛）用微信骂人被罚款2000元甚至拘留？酒席上劝酒把人灌进医院是故意伤害？养狗吓到邻居要赔偿精神损失费……这些发生在身边的小事稍不注意就可能触犯法律。眼下，在东洲区东洲街道腈纶社区，居民只要打开手机关注“社区法律微信公众号”，每隔一到两周就会收到这样鲜活的法律案例，然后就是司法解释和“法律小课堂”，让居民学法更加接地气。\n现在，社区法律微信公众号已经陪伴了大家两年多，越来越受大家的欢迎。社区书记徐丹介绍：“我以前从事过法律服务的工作，深知法律学习的重要性。为了让居民提高法律意识，我创建了这个微信公众号。随着《民法典》的颁布，为了让法律常识普及更接地气，我和同事们广泛搜集鲜活案例，完善传播形式，现在社区居民更欢迎这个普法公众号了。”"}
{"text": "统行业企业投身电子商务领域，都使得电子商务的市场进一步扩大。\n调查显示，目前超过80%的人有网上购物的经历，超过50%的人会经常在网上商城购物。\n企业资源，改造传统业务，加强企业管理，降低运作成本，增强市场竞争力，提高经济效益，从而促进企业的改革与发展。\n而电子商务确实也显现了其对企业效益提升方面的作用！\n一：电子商务网站可以实现：\n会员注册、页面导航、站内搜索功能、产品捆绑营销、安全支付、订单信息确认等普通网站不能实现的功能！\n在所有类型的网站中，电子商务网站不管是在功能、盈利能力等方面都占有绝对的优势！\n但是因为目前电子商务网站建设费用的高昂、建站周期长和功能单一，不能支持移动端商城网站的建设，所以目前真正做了电子商务网站的企业并不多。\n二：如何高效制作电子商务网站？\n建站宝盒V6.0是一款专业服务于中小型企业的网站技术建设工具。经过不断的发展和完善，目前只要是一个懂打字的人，仅仅需要30分钟即可完成一个电子商务网站的建设！\n三：做一个电子商务网站要多少钱？\n988元=域名+2G主机+企业邮局+PC网站+手机网站+微网站+app\n宝盒V6.0只要988元就可以了。\n"}
{"text": "“不要紧张，放松，救护车马上就到。”1月5日小寒时节，郑州高铁东站站台上寒风凛冽，郑州客运段高铁二队值乘周口东—郑州东列车的薛孟浩一边安慰突发疾病的女孩，一边展开应急救援。\n8时57分，G6626次列车缓缓减速即将终到郑州东站，列车长薛孟浩在4车立岗，这时听到对讲机传来有旅客突发疾病，呼吸困难的消息。闻讯，他立即赶到现场，8时58分列车进入郑州东站站台，马上将女孩带到站台上。女孩父亲告诉薛孟浩，他们父女在鄢陵站上车，此行正是要带女孩来郑州医院检查身体，并且女孩之前就有哮喘病史。“我父亲也有过哮喘病史，所以听说女孩得了哮喘病，我马上对其进行了简单的保护措施，安抚她的情绪，同时安排120急救车到原地救助。”薛孟浩说。\n此时，郑州的气温是零下4℃，大家都在急切地等待120急救车，列车工作人员跪在地上，用双腿当枕头，用身躯为女孩抵挡寒风，还用按摩的方式让女孩放松情绪。看到女孩在寒风中瑟瑟发抖，薛孟浩马上脱下自己的大衣为女孩盖上，并端来热水让女孩取暖。经过大家的努力，女孩的情绪慢慢稳定，呼吸也平稳了许多。\n9时10分，120医护人员到达现场，并展开救治工作，薛孟浩与车站和医务工作人员办理站车交接，留取了女孩父亲的联系方式。“后来我们给女孩父亲打电话询问女孩病情，在得知女孩病情稳定后，我们才松了一口气。”薛孟浩说。\n“通过这次突发事件，我们深刻感受到平时车队应急演练的重要性，频繁的演练让我们在面临各种突发情况时临危不乱，最大限度地保护好旅客的生命和财产安全。”薛孟浩说。"}
{"text": "《白箱 SHIROBAKO》剧场版 ─ 喵森太神辣，你成长到叔叔都认不得你啦！\n今天，猫皮为大家带来《白箱 SHIROBAKO》剧场版的观影心得：\n简略：前作如实描述职场景况，剧场版则是强调干劲的可贵。\n（含直接关联的前导剧情总整理，有雷，请斟酌阅读）\n上山高中的动画同好会有五位颇具才华的成员，分别是宫森葵、安原绘麻、坂木静香、藤堂美沙与今井绿，他们在学生时期就以职业领域为目标，并在学园祭发表了初次原创作品《神佛混淆七福阵》，以此作为梦想的起点，这五位好友许下了将来出社会之后，还要再一起制作动画的约定。\n毕业两年半之后，故事的主人公－宫森葵已从天真的学生蜕变为社畜，在武藏野动画公司担任小小的执行制作助理，参与制作电视动画《Exodus！》的各项联勤工作，虽然葵在技术面没有明显的一技之长，却常怀热情面对她的工作，使得许多与葵接触的专家、老师们都相对地被她的积极性给激励到，不但能稳定的交出成品，也对宫森葵的工作态度评价很高。\n职场上有像葵一般地助推器，当然也会有雷包，好比说，态度轻浮又经常拖延进度的另一位执行制作－太郎，就与葵形成了明显地对比，另外还有一位虽然很有才能，却因过去在职涯中经历过大失败（这又是另一段故事了）导致在紧要关头经常自爆的监督－木下诚一，又或者是...（总之，地雷族繁不及备载）。\n此外，葵的‘七福阵同盟’同窗好友发展也并不顺利，与葵在同公司工作的原画师安原绘麻，难以在品质与量产之间取得平衡，立志成为声优的坂木静香，一直都只能替龙套或背景配音，始终得不到被发掘的机会，3DCG动画师藤堂美沙虽然顺利进入大型动画公司，却一直都只有画轮胎的份，编剧今井绿则是缺少贵人引导，甚至迟迟无法正式进入职场，连生活都成问题。\n同窗们都陷入瓶颈，武藏野团队有时不时爆开的内部问题，再再显示著二次元世界的背后，那动画工业链运作是何等地困难，更有外界不停丢进来的无理要求，这些都不断地打击著葵与团队的士气。\n但这些危机反而激起了葵那份‘一定要把作品完成’的干劲，并且如实反映在她的行动力上，使得本就卧虎藏龙的武藏野团队，也相对地被葵的这股干劲影响，不知不觉，团队以她为核心运作起来，同窗们也因为葵的介绍（或关系），一个一个加入武藏野团队，在众志成城之下，最终还是把本来会难产的作品给做出来，同时也算达成了当年还要再五人一起制作动画的约定。\n（以上为半年番前导剧情总整理）\n在先后成功制作了《EXODUS！》、《第三飞行少女队》两项大作之后，外界对武藏野团队的评价也有所提高，本来很有希望能再争取到更多工作，然而四年之后...。\n武藏野公司却因一次违约工程而几乎破产，濒临解散，信誉一落千丈，一直都很温暖、很照顾底下员工的社长引咎下台，大多团队成员也因武藏野没有能力再承揽足够的工作，只能选择各寻出路，好一点的人还能转去其他公司，比较惨的就只能窝在房间自怨自艾。\n为了生计，就连宫森葵的同窗好友也一一离开了武藏野，只剩下葵与几位武藏野的中心老臣仍勉强留在岗位上，靠着接受上游公司代理承包，再分割分配下来的小制作工作勉强度日。\n但急雨又打落难人，上游公司本来承包制作的动画剧场版《空中强袭登陆舰－SIVA》开了个超～绝～大天窗，预计以两年工程制作的作品，到了距限期倒数十个月时，居然只随便画了四格分镜，而武藏野方面早就完成了自己分配到的进度，正等待着上头发包，如今却又要再次面临违约连锁的窘境。\n上游公司看起来也不怕整包摆烂，但为了避免违约产生的亏损，居然还打算忝不知耻地将这烫手山竽般地合约转包给武藏野。\n武藏野的制片人－葛城刚太郎接到委托之后，在大骂同时也陷入两难，若不接合约，已经完成的进度就要整个打水漂，若接下合约，以现今分崩离析的武藏野，在十个月内完成一部剧场版真可说是痴人说梦，但是，制作统筹－渡边隼却把这个合约的去留交给葵来决定。\n葵当然深知这个合约的难处，但如此的巨大的危机，也可能是扭转武藏野现今立场的转机，经过一番挣扎之后，葵决定一肩担起‘制片人’的责任，打算再次召集武藏野原班团队，组队挑战这个庞大的怪物工程...。\n《白箱》被誉为‘每个动画宅都非看不可’的作品，正是它对于描述动画职场的那份真实感，它以诙谐有趣的情节，击溃了猫皮对动画业的遐想与期待，却相对地让猫皮对每位动画工作者肃然起敬。\n（遥想京阿尼事件...猫皮还包了一个月的薪水过去，有很大的原因是曾经收看过这部动画，当然，猫皮明白这是两家不同的公司。）\n但问题来了，虽然《白箱》在分类标签上确实被定义为‘社会写实’，猫皮也愿意相信本作中登场的每个人物、公司、过场事件、作品都有其原型考究，但矛盾的是，当时正在收看《白箱》的猫皮，其实对于动画职场的世界连一知半解的程度也没有，却仍十分相信‘这部动画就是业界的真貌’。\n这份无与伦比的说服力，与真实感到底是从何而来呢？就让猫皮在这向各位看倌介绍吧。\n在本作登场的角色不下数十位，只怕可能破百，一般来说，这么大量的角色对观众吸收剧情来说绝对会是个负担，但是就算你无法记住每个角色的名字，但那些角色正在做的事情，仍会很明白地告诉你他是‘谁’。\n就如同看到第三集时的猫皮：\n那家伙负责画分镜、而且很肥，好我记住了→\n喔喔，原来负责划分镜的人就是监督，好我知道了→\n原来就算监督很孬，但是基本上大家还是得尊重他的意思→\n至于那个肥监督名字...他叫谁来着（翻wiki）喔，原叫来木下诚一。\n就像这样，在《白箱》中一个角色构成，是依靠着大量有效而细腻行为描述堆砌而成，连作着相近工作的人，也会有各自清晰且独特的印象。\n好比说光原画师就有十几位，但有的人拖稿成性，有的人怎么画都画不好，有的人进入心流状态就有无与伦比的专注力，有的人一眼就能定夺一张的画的问题在哪。\n（原来那些经典名桥段都是这么改来的，一想到鬼灭之刃那段成名的‘火之舞神乐’要改多少次我就...，总之，请、请收下猫皮的膝盖吧！）\n除了众原画师之外，还有监督检讨系统、声优与配音现场，再由女主角喵森所处的‘执行制作（制作进行）’这个立场来贯穿所有角色，让剧情不会迷失在一片混乱中，实在非常优秀。\n再者，各角色的行为模式与动机都很丰富，也都十分契合他们的工作，而且越接近剧情核心的人，不但特色、动机更加复杂，却没有为了刻意讲究特色而失真（或许要归功于角色的背后原型，也能相对地看出监督水岛努的识人之广），但在故事运作时，这么庞大的人物设定都是以最少、最有效地动作来完成表达，也因‘工作性质’、‘性格’、‘表达效率’相辅相成，‘真实感’也就随之而来。\n也就是说，‘有效率地展现每个角色’正是白箱成功的原因，除此之外，在剧情中制作过程状况不断，也使得这一条龙剧情乐趣不断，看着角色东奔西忙的应付状况，也不自觉让猫皮融入这紧凑的节奏，甚至还让猫皮产生一种‘我是不是也要赶快起来做点什么正事’的躁动感。\n不过以上优点都有个大前提，就是恐怕得有够长的篇幅才能充分展现剧情，因为《白箱》的资讯量实在是太多了，所以刚开始以半年番的形式出厂，当然会是最有利的选择。\n假设半年番主题是以解决各种狗屁倒灶的状况为主，从而体现动画业职场的各种景况，那剧场版的主题是要抢在十个月内跑完制作剧场版一条龙，并且见证女主角从‘喵森’蜕变为王牌制作人的成长。\n相较于《白箱》长达二十四集，但步调仍显紧凑，剧场版仅有两小时，而且剧情脉络基本上是与前作相近的，发挥空间势必吃紧，再者，白箱也正是因角色的丰富度，才衍伸出这诸多面向可看，但剧场版却难有充足的空间来经营这么多角色，这样的话，剧场版的表现究竟会变得如何呢？\n确实就剧情步调来说，紧凑已不足形容，整体节奏约在急促与仓促之间，而且为了体现压线的紧张感，就连在剧情设计上，也让所有角色的目标都指向跟时间竞赛，更加深了这种急促感。\n但就算这样，猫皮仍觉得观影体验十分畅快。\n一眨眼，发现队友只剩你们了...。\n故事初期的武藏野已处于分崩离析的状态，选择留下的葵权位加重，此时的她已不再仅仅只是团队的参与者，这点从众人征询葵意见时的态度就能看得出来，他们不是‘想加减听点不同意见’，而是以‘只要喵森点头，我们就干’的气势在询问她，与白箱前几集时，葵与其他成员的互动状况形成强烈对比。\n虽然葵看起来还是那有点笨笨的样子，但当她答应临危授命之时，其实讲出来的话都掷地有声，气场十足，被称为‘ACE’足以服众，而这就更能确定这部剧场版就是她的主场。\n加上在半年番时期，观众都已经习惯以‘喵森’为主要视角，因此，剧场版选择性地淡化其他角色的戏份，强化葵的立场，并让她透过指挥、联络，来串连起全部角色，使得节奏虽然有点赶火车，却反而强化了剧情的力道。\n此外，更有值得一提的是，那些重要转折的表现手法，剧场版多次以各种超演绎来添加大量剧情张力，在某些桥段的剧情温度趋于温冷时，又适时地把气氛拉回来，而且运镜十分精彩，光有了这几段，再加上结局的表现，相信就足以说服各位看倌《白箱SHIROBAKO》是绝对对得起往日威名的。\n总地来说，《白箱SHIROBAKO》绝对是一部够精采的作品，不枉费让众人等了这么久。\n不过，登场角色太多仍然是个问题，虽然大多情况是由葵来主导剧情，但仍难免会有葵不在场的情节，由于配角们平均分配到的戏份太少，导致在次要角色之间的互动，就会因为掌握不到着力点，而有点令人昏昏欲睡。\n如果是完全没看过前作的人，对此感觉还会再稍微严重一点，但为此再去把半年番补完，又是个巨大的时间成本。\n但尽管如此，《白箱SHIROBAKO》仍是一部主题明确、有强烈剧情张力、还有超棒人物设定的优秀作品，以这剧情来说，也很适合作为《白箱》系列的完美End，那么，猫皮就在这以高分推荐给各位看倌了。\n本周车库电影平台精选六部电影，快评推荐：\n《BNA--动物新世纪 1～6集》 深入解析——难道是成为兽控入门作！\n本周车库电影平台精选五部电影，快评推荐："}
{"text": "近日，全省“枫桥式公安派出所”命名大会在成都召开，开江公安局回龙派出所被命名为首批省级“枫桥式公安派出所”。2020年12月25日上午，赴省参加命名大会的回龙派出所所长载誉而归，县局举行省级“枫桥式公安派出所”代表欢迎仪式，局党委书记、局长周忠平，局党委副书记、政委朱治国出席仪式，在家局党委委员，局属各部门负责人参加欢迎仪式。\n周忠平局长致欢迎词向回龙派出所表示祝贺，恭喜他们在首批省级“枫桥式公安派出所”创建活动中成为全县排头兵，充分发挥“枫桥式公安派出所”典型示范引领作用，为开江公安争光，希望他们以此次命名为激励，进一步做实各项工作，争取更好的成绩。同时，他要求全局上下要充分认识传承和发展新时代“枫桥经验”的重要意义，牢牢把握“对党忠诚、服务人民、执法公正、纪律严明”的总要求，忠实践行人民公安为人民的宗旨，紧密结合“坚持政治建警全面从严治警”教育整顿，积极探索开江公安新思路、新路径，为开江经济社会又好又快发展营造良好的治安环境。（开江公安局：刘清洪）"}
{"text": "公司与高校合作，湖南科技学院廖云辉博士共同组建了“鹭翔博士后研发中心”，通过高校的人才引进不断提升公司研发能力，通过校企合作、对外引进和共同研发的多种合作方式，公司在空气治理、水污染治理和土壤治理方面取得了行业领先技术。\n鹭翔博士后研发中心下设空气治理研发部、水污染治理研发部和土壤修复研发部，经过几年的研发，力争把公司建设成为一家国内领行的综合性环保产业公司。\n公司研发带头人介绍：\n廖云辉，男，1991年10月生，江西萍乡人，化学专业博士，任教湖南科技学院，东莞鹭翔环保新材料科技有限公司研发带头人，曾参与2项国家自然科学基金项目、省项目3项、中国科学院项目3项。发表SCI论文3篇，会议论文2篇，申请专利3项。\n"}
{"text": "密度是测量特定体积内质量的量，密度等于除以体积，用符号ρ表示，在国际单位制和中国法定计量单位中，密度为千克/米3。\ntpe材料应用广泛，主要用于普通透明玩具、运动器材等。它是一种弹性高、强度高、回弹性高、注射成型的材料。它可以用普通的热塑性塑料成型机加工，不需要特殊的加工设备。然而，许多人不知道它的密度。tpe材料的密度是多少？\ntpe材料的密度是多少？\n1、tpe材料的密度有大有小，也可以分为有填料和一些无填料。tpe材料是由SEBS基材和其他混合物混合而成的弹性颗粒。因此，tpe密度越高，填料越多。\n2、tpe材料有用的是进口原料制作，也有国产原料制作，进口和国产两者的密度不同，正常密度在0.92~0.98之间。\n3、TPE材料的密度可以调整到0.84~2.0，一般注射用的TPE、TPR软材料的比重在0.9~1.25左右，特殊的TPE、TPR的比重小或超高。提高比例可以降低产品成本，但材料的拉伸强度和弹性、耐磨性会降低。\n"}
{"text": "根据靖西市委、市人民政府要求，靖西供电公司帮扶点处于靖西最边远的乡镇，其中那多村8户、大面村14户贫困户要在2016年底前完成脱贫攻坚任务。经过半年多的艰苦努力，靖西供电公司帮扶点2016年预脱贫贫困户达到了脱贫目标。\n为使真正困难群众家庭得到实实在在的援助，靖西供电公司领导高度重视，多次深入挂钩村贫困家庭，与贫困户交心谈心，增强他们脱贫致富的决心。靖西供电公司委派的驻村第一书记及由公司中二层以上管理人员组成的帮扶人员还走到田间地头开展调查研究，对致贫原因、存在问题认真分析，研究解决方案，制定脱贫工作计划和措施。同时，积极与村委干部沟通联系，把握全市扶贫政策和脱贫思路，并明确帮扶援助的内容、形式和时间，务求取得实效。\n据悉，为做好本次脱贫迎检验收工作，靖西供电公司14名2016年预脱贫帮扶人员，多次不畏艰难分赴魁圩乡那多村、大面村各屯，了解帮扶户脱贫开展情况，并认真填写各种档案及验收表格资料。目前，靖西供电公司2016年预脱贫贫困户22户所有验收资料都已填写核实完毕，准备迎接市扶贫检查组的检查验收。\n下一步，靖西供电公司将继续按照市委、市人民政府的工作部署和要求，不断深化帮扶力度，以促进农民持续稳定增收为重点，继续做好结对促建、“1+1”结对帮扶等工作。\n"}
{"text": "液化石油气循环压缩机的工作介质为民用液化石油气或与之相类似的气体，如丙烷、乙烷、氨气。它主要用于液化石油气或性质与之相类似气体的增压，也可用于抽真空。因此，该种类的压缩机是城镇、厂矿、码头液化石油气储运站、液化石油气罐瓶厂、液化石油气汽车加气站的关键设备，也是化工企业增压回收气体的理想设备。它可实现如下作业：\n1、液化石油气槽车、槽船的装卸；\n2、液化石油气或性质与之相类似气体的装瓶、倒罐；\n3、液化石油气余气和残液的回收；\n4、化工产品生产过程中尾气的回收；\n5、抽真空等。\nZW系列、CZW系列液化石油气循环压缩机为立式，单作用、风冷、无油润滑、往复活塞式。我厂各类液化石油气系列压缩机气缸、填料部件均为无油润滑，保障了其工作介质的纯度。曲轴、连杆、十字头部件为压力润滑（飞溅润滑），以保障润滑的可靠性。\n本厂液化石油气系列压缩机具有体积小、重量轻、运转平稳、噪音低、结构简单、操作方便、安全可靠等特点。其中，ZW系列、CZW系列压缩机是目前国内先进的机组，各项技术指标达到国际先进水平。它集压缩机、电机、气管路系统、高效气液分离器、四通阀为一体，使安装、操作更方便。"}
{"text": "南京力天装饰2020年会盛典在南京大玩轰趴圆满落下帷幕。力天公司高管、重要合伙人、以及公司各业务领域业务骨干和优秀员工共聚一堂，共同见证力天经典创造的荣耀，共同学习探讨2020年即将面临的新挑战和新机遇，共同规划制定公司2020年行动蓝图。\n2020年1月16日，下上17：30分，在声乐伴随，灯光璀璨、热烈欢快的氛围下，2020年力天装饰年会盛典正式拉开帷幕。\n通过半个小时激情昂扬的演讲，力天总经理钟廷耀总结了我们共同奋斗过的2019，展望了更具挑战的2020，有方法，有对策，有承诺，有期许。我们坚信，2020在力天老总的带领下，将共同见证力天经典更辉煌的时刻。\n回首，是为了更好的前行!高瞻远瞩，继往开来。2019已渐行渐远，2020我们奋力拼搏!\n启程2020，凝心聚力，追梦前行！\n伴随着荣耀与感动， 2020年会盛典圆满成功。带着收获与感恩，载着希望与信心，2020我们将同心同行，始终如一，不畏风雨，勇往直前，力天装饰将迈向更高的台阶!\n"}
{"text": "传感器发展的整体发展趋势将更加与民生工程看齐【竞博电竞平台】\n本文摘要：竞博电竞平台电子竞技竞猜平台竞博电竞电子竞技赛事平台在现如今加工制造业智能化系统转型发展的的浪潮下，做为其关键技术，工业生产传感器销售市场也越来越更加火爆，此外，市场需求也更为猛烈。资本主义国家在传感器领域具备技术性和知名品牌等优点，因而现阶段中高档商品销售市场或是被外资公司所核心，尤其是在精密度规定较高的工业生产传感器领域。\n在现如今加工制造业智能化系统转型发展的的浪潮下，做为其关键技术，工业生产传感器销售市场也越来越更加火爆，此外，市场需求也更为猛烈。传感器最开始的发展，便是来源于工控自动化的促进。\n出自于提高工作效率的目地，工业化生产逐渐由中间主控室操纵每个生产制造连接点上的参数，包含总流量、物位、温度和工作压力四大主要参数，催产了传感器的发展。这一发展趋势从上世纪七十年代逐渐，到现在也是传感器运用数最多的一种方式。但伴随着愈来愈多的公司投身于传感器精兵，其销售市场也慢慢展现饱和状态的情况。现阶段世界各国有关传感器生产商做到上万家和。\n据数据分析，从全世界整体状况看，英国、日本等极少数经济发展资本主义国家占有了传感器销售市场70%之上市场份额。现阶段在我国的传感器产业链已产生从技术研发、设计方案、生产制造到运用的详细产业链管理体系，但因为在我国传感器技术性相比于海外优秀我国，在产品研发上或是比较落伍，高新科技产品较少。资本主义国家在传感器领域具备技术性和知名品牌等优点，因而现阶段中高档商品销售市场或是被外资公司所核心，尤其是在精密度规定较高的工业生产传感器领域。\n全世界著名的传感器生产商，比如霍尼韦尔、ABB、omron、横河电机、西门子PLC等公司，其商品运用也多集中化于工业生产机械自动化、工业机械手等领域。在这类状况下，中国一部分传感器公司将眼光看向了民用型传感器领域。相比于工业生产传感器，民用型传感器生产制造规定没有那么严苛，而且运用领域普遍。\n伴随着新型智慧城市定义的明确提出，民用型传感器领域也将迈入销售市场“瀚海”。福建省上润企业就在民用型传感器领域开拓了一片新的销售市场，2016年，上润运用传感器技术性自主研发了智慧水务系统软件，并方案从2016年到2025年资金投入三亿元至五亿元，在福州市供水管道网里安装八万好几个无线网络传感器等智能产品，用以城市供水漏损整治新项目的执行。不但是智慧水务，在新型智慧城市的基本建设中，有好几个领域都必须以传感器技术性为基本。现阶段，很多大城市中的桥梁建筑早已历史悠久，逐渐发生不一样水平的产品质量问题。\n江苏无锡在蓉湖立交桥、开源系统立交桥二座公路桥梁的桥体各部安装了百余个传感器，根据好几个瞬时速度传感器精确测量这座斜钢缆的瞬时速度，来得到 其自振频率，进而推论钢缆的身体状况。除此之外，在大城市的地铁站基本建设中传感器也被广泛运用。在地铁站的自然环境自动控制系统里，必须应用房间内温度湿度传感器、管路温度湿度传感器及其Co2浓度值传感器，以检测地铁站即时的温度、环境湿度、空气指数。\n也有环保监测、智能穿戴设备等领域也必须很多应用各式各样的传感器技术性。在智能化系统的时期大情况下，传感器发展的整体发展趋势将更加与民生工程看齐，另外，现代化运用的发展也为民用化出示了推动功效。将来传感器将向多元化方位发展，投身于在其中的公司也许能够再次思索，找寻新的发展之途。\n“传感器发展的整体发展趋势将更加与民生工程看齐”由机电网梳理公布，如需转截，请标明文章内容来源于，大量行业动态，请加关注：机械加工行业。\n"}
{"text": "【热点聚焦】中展智奥&新浪家居一行，造访雅绣之家总部，思想碰撞，共探未来！\n2021年5月22日，由中展智奥、新浪家居及行业大咖、专家组成的考察团，在雅绣董事长汪煜伟汪总的带领下，走进了位于杭州萧山的雅绣总部。\n雅绣公司成立于1996年，2012年创立雅绣品牌，是最早进入墙布行业的企业之一。\n因传承而深远，因变革而锐意，因坚持而历久弥新，作为软装行业的传承者与引领者，雅绣以引导软装行业形成健康家文化风向标为愿景，以顾客为中心，提供符合顾客需求的产品与服务为己任，专注健康家居事业。\n在雅绣营销总监赵总的带领下，考察团一行深入雅绣工厂一线，实地探访了雅绣刺绣车间，生产车间。各区域之间井然有序，分工明确，相互独立又环环相扣，员工团结协作，既保证工作效率又提升产品品质。干净整洁的车间布局，先进高端的织造设备给在场的每一位留下了深刻印象！\n雅绣之家整体软装，产品做工精细，风格设计时尚新颖，32道生产工序，对细节要求苛刻，精益求精。全案设计满足客户的不同风格设计需求，在业内树立了良好的口碑。雅绣线上商城和线下数百家专卖店为全国千万用户提供更好的购买体验和更便捷的专属定制服务。\n在一系列的参观结束后，探访团与汪总进行了友好交流。在今年行业业绩普遍下滑的背景下，雅绣2021年第一季度即实现了同比增长20%的预期目标，这对于雅绣而言无疑是一种强有力的肯定。汪总表示，预计在今年8月份，雅绣将重新上线窗帘将窗帘产品与雅绣品牌调性重新整合，此举在丰富自身产品线的同时，也提升了门店的纯净度，提升经销商粘性。在软装融合的趋势面前，墙布企业增添窗帘品类看似是大势所趋。汪总在会议上提出，拓品类不是简单地增加生产线、招聘工人就能成功的，而是要以设计为核心，将窗帘产品完美融入到自身的品牌调性上，才能将这一品类推广到自己的经销商，才能使经销商获利。\n变化是未来的常态，它加速了行业洗牌，2021年的市场环境也势必变幻无穷，充斥着各种挑战和机遇。雅绣将持续深化产品结构，不只是单一的产品设计，而是打造一站式系统方案，从卖设计、卖服务，向软装一体化过渡，为经销门店构建强大的服务系统，为用户打造舒适的生活环境。此外，雅绣将一如既往加大品牌建设与渠道建设，深化品牌知名度，拓宽墙布这一新兴建材的受众面。\n【雅绣墙布】童心相伴，与爱同行，最贴心的礼物来自最爱你的人！\n【雅绣墙布】新品设计案例，一进屋就被迷住了，年轻有个性，喜欢就照着装！"}
{"text": "1、电源要求为三相交流，频率50HZ，电压380V时，电动机和电器上允许电压拨动的上限为额定电压的+10%;下限(尖峰电流时)为额定电压的-15%。\n2、工作环境中不得有易燃、易爆和腐蚀性气体。\n3、安装使用地点的海拔不超过2000米，超过1000米时要对电动机容量进行校核。\n4、吊运物品对起重机的辐射温度不超过400摄氏度。\n5、室外使用的起重机非工作状态的风压为800Pa。\n1、起重机的起重能力应达到额定起重量。\n2、对吊钩起重机，起吊物在下降制动时的制动距离(控制器在下降速度低挡稳定运行，拉回零位后，从制动器断电到货物停止时的下滑距离)应小于1分钟内稳定起升距离的1/65。\n3、对吊钩起重机，当上升的工作级别为M4、M5、M6时，且额定上升速度等于或高于5m/min时要求制动平稳，应采用电气制动的办法，保障在0.2~1.0额定负荷范围内下降时，制动前的电动机转速降到同步速度的1/3以下，该速度应能稳定运行。\n4、电磁吸盘的吸重能力应不小于额定值。\n5、双小车起重机，两小车相同机构的操作应是机可以联动，也可以单独动作。\n1、一般采用交流传动交流控制系统，在使用频繁或工作条件恶劣的情况下，宜采用直流传动、控制系统。\n2、宜采用标准的起重机电气控制设备。\n3、起重机成套电阻器宜采用标准产品，如特殊需要，也可由制造厂自行设计，但必须符合GB3811-2008中相关要求。\n4、其他电气设备和元器件应选用起重机专用或能满足起重机要求的产品。\n5、电器配套产品要有生产许可证或型号使用证或能满足起重机要求的产品。\n1、电压损失，交流电源供电，在尖峰电流时，自供电变压器的底母线到起重机任何一台电动机端子的电压损失要小于额定电压的15%。\n2、起重机内部电压损失计算。\n具体相干计算参考博客《起重机电器的计算》。\n1、电器设备安装应牢固，在工作过程中，不应发生相对于主机的水平移动和垂直跳动，垂直安装的控制柜、屏，其垂直度小于千分之12，安装部位高震动条件为：5~13HZ时，位移是1.5mm;13~50HZ时，震动加速度为10m/S2。\n2、安装在电器室内的电器设备，其防护等级可以为IP00，但应当有适当的防护措施。\n3、4箱及以下的电阻器可以直接叠装，5箱及箱叠装时，应考虑加固措施并要求各箱之间的距离大于80mm，间距过小时应降低容量使用或采取其他措施。\n4、安装在其中各部位的电气设备，应能方便和安全维修。走台上和电气室内的电气设备前一般应留有600mm以上的通道，特殊情况下允许适当缩小，但不应小于500mm。\n5、室内使用的起重机，安装在桥架上的电器设备应无裸露的带电部分，低防护等级为IP10。室外使用的起重机，其电器设备如安装在无遮蔽防护的场所时，其外壳防护等级不应低于IP33，在有遮蔽防护的场所，其外壳防护等级可以适当降低。\n6、起重机大、小车馈电装置的裸露带电部分和金属结构之间的距离应大于30mm，起重机运行时可能产生相对晃动时，其间距应大于晃动量加30mm。\n长期高温下工作的起重机，其司机室应采取隔热措施。电控设备需要采取降温措施，司机室内应安装风扇和电源插座等。"}
{"text": "加盟你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼怎么样？在众多的酸菜鱼品牌中，它一直都是极具特色的高人气品牌，已经成为众多创业者所青睐的致富之选，该品牌具备良好的经营理念，致力于为消费者们提供一个广阔的创业致富平台，依托你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼，你一定可以快速致富！\n你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼，知己酸菜鱼，由“鱼”你而更美妙!你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼结合主流消费群体-年轻人的消费需求，主打知己酸菜鱼，用正餐快餐化的经营理念，为人们创造口感纯正、用餐便捷、氛围独特的舒适用餐空间，一经推出，瞬间风靡全国，成为加盟商的热门选择。\n你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼之所以好吃，其原因而二，这之一便是其作为主料的鱼是选自太平洋4700米深海区野生龙利鱼，总部自营大型食品工厂，深海龙利鱼，从登陆、进厂、现杀、急冻、到店，全程可追溯，卫生有保障。原因之二则是运用四川古法酸菜泡制方法制成，酸香味醇，清淡爽口，采用自然抑菌，富含氨基酸，色泽鲜亮，酸中带脆，香味扑鼻，开胃提神，醒酒去腻，老少适宜。\n一人食，有鱼作伴，多人食，有鱼为“媒”。你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼严格把控食材品质及制作工艺，制成的酸菜鱼肉质细嫩，汤酸鲜美，口感令人回味。时尚的品牌形象、舒适的格调氛围，符合现代消费群体审美需求，你一言我一鱼致力于打造出立体式的用餐休闲空间。\n你一言我一鱼与国内各大外卖订餐平台开展深度合作，让你不只做一条街的生意，更做整个城的生意，线上线下联动，收获四面八方向你靠拢!你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼加盟，全套时尚店设计图纸，全店VI系统，无偿赠送给加盟商，更有专人上门根据店面布局，协助方案落地。开店不限地址，销售线上线下覆盖，手中不分男女老少，如此有前景，如此有口碑，创业还会难吗?\n上海上诠餐饮管理有限公司是一支由各行业精英组成的餐饮创业超能战队，200余人组成的团队中，研究生学历30人，本科学历95人，大专学历67人，高水平的成员素质决定了公司从战略规划至企业运作的高效率，及整体发展的高度前瞻性。\n团队中拥有在餐饮行业从业20余年的名厨团队，负责餐饮品牌的研发与创新，并对加盟商倾囊相授加盟经验。餐饮品牌运营推广管理团队，拥有国内餐饮知名餐饮公司管理经验，对品牌运作全程进行完善把控。\n公司根据餐饮行业创业特点，运用全员之力，旨在做到“专业人才全面、创业扶持全面、诠释餐饮创业最佳方法”，平均年龄在43岁的中高层管理者掌舵全局，平均年龄在32岁的中层管理者设定发展战术，平均年龄在25岁的基层员工用热血在公司发光发热，全员上下协调，全力以赴，打破行业不专业、不全面的现状，用“诠力”，“诠释”餐饮创业者的成功之梦!\n你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼市场分析：\n随着80后90后成为餐饮消费市场的主流人群，浓郁鲜美的酸菜鱼火速上榜成为国民菜。据官方数据显示，截止2017年上半旬，在我国已开设的“酸菜鱼”店面中，上海市约1222家，北京市约506家，广州市约1416家，深圳市约707家。“酸菜鱼”已成为各大城市的必备餐饮店。\n你一言我一鱼总部特聘北京、重庆五星级宾馆川菜主厨，在传统酸菜鱼基础上，融入名贵中药材，打造不上火的酸菜鱼，销售不分季节!你一言我一鱼酸菜鱼核心原料均由总部统一配送，同行难以模仿，你一言我一鱼的特色口味，紧抓吃货的味蕾，销量自然上升!出餐快是你一言我一鱼的另一个特点，精简操作，料包量化，客人再多也无需等待，就餐体验非常好，来一次立马成为回头客!\n"}
{"text": "工业厂房在使用过程中，若发现厂房钢结构接缝开裂，出现锈蚀，螺栓连接节点松动等问题时，要引起足够重视，并且需要找有厂房检测的企业进行厂房钢结构检测，及时发现安全隐患，针对问题进行相应的加固修补，以免对日后的正常生产造成不良影响。\n钢结构检测的优势：\n钢结构检测主要分析了适应于计算机视觉处理的钢结构焊缝缺陷无损检测技术，为后续采用模式识别技术来进行焊缝缺陷定性、定位和定量分析奠定基础。随着当代建筑技术日新月异的发展，钢结构在当代建筑中使用率越来越高，超声波检测是常规的无损检测方法之一。加之钢结构多层建筑的不断增多，无损检测工作量也越来越大，除了在焊接工艺上加大控制以外，在无损检测上也应加大检测力度，并应尽早在钢结构多层建筑焊缝无损检测标准上体现出来。\n钢结构检测的目的是什么，大家知道为什么要对钢结构检测吗：很多钢结构建筑物虽然依旧在使用，看外观也丝毫找不出任何问题，其实，实际上存在的问题也不是一个两个了，对于处于这种状态的钢结构，得及时检测，明确问题后也好对症施工。\n公司自成立以来，共完成施工周边房屋、一般性房屋安全、危房鉴定、公共场所开业或年审、租赁房屋安全、工业厂房可靠性、民用建筑可靠性、房屋灾后及法院委托司法等各类项目数百宗。\n公司利用自身雄厚的技术力量和经济基础，发挥传统经验和新科技相结合的方法，采用的检测设备，不断探索和总结鉴定的技术和方法。公司成立十多年来进行大量各种类型的房屋鉴定，积累了丰富的房屋鉴定和检测经验，有特种行业和工商开业、年检的房屋安全鉴定、施工周边房屋安全鉴定、还有房屋结构可靠性和抗震性鉴定等等，特别是对房屋损害、质量纠纷的鉴定方面，站在立场，鉴定结论令双方当事人心服口服，纠纷得到圆满解决。"}
{"text": "丹阳金运合金有限公司位于丹阳东郊——镍合金生产基地吕城镇运河，距离常州民航机场、高速公路罗溪出口4KM，距大港港口28KM沪宁铁路、京杭大运河、312国道横穿本镇。水、路、空交通十分便利。公司通过了ISO9000质量管理体系认证，产品全部按国家标准生产，是一家集冶炼、开发、生产高温合金、高镍合金、镍合金、耐蚀合金、因科合金、蒙乃尔合金、精密合金及各种特种合金材料于一体的高新技术生产型企业。公司拥有50公斤 100公斤 200公斤 500公斤 1.5吨真空和非真空感应炼钢炉，电渣炉和锻造。产品有管材、棒材、板材、丝材、带材、法兰、锻件和管件等。产品应用于石油化工、航空航天、船舶、能源、军工、电子、环保、机械以及仪器仪表等领域。"}
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