bert_tokenization.py

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Tokenization classes."""


import collections
import re
import sys
import unicodedata

import six

is_python3 = sys.version_info.major == 3
if is_python3:
    unicode = str


def validate_case_matches_checkpoint(do_lower_case, init_checkpoint):
    """Checks whether the casing config is consistent with the checkpoint name."""

    # The casing has to be passed in by the user and there is no explicit check
    # as to whether it matches the checkpoint. The casing information probably
    # should have been stored in the bert_config.json file, but it's not, so
    # we have to heuristically detect it to validate.

    if not init_checkpoint:
        return

    m = re.match("^.*?([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/bert_model.ckpt", init_checkpoint)
    if m is None:
        return

    model_name = m.group(1)

    lower_models = [
        "uncased_L-24_H-1024_A-16",
        "uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12",
        "multilingual_L-12_H-768_A-12",
        "chinese_L-12_H-768_A-12",
    ]

    cased_models = [
        "cased_L-12_H-768_A-12",
        "cased_L-24_H-1024_A-16",
        "multi_cased_L-12_H-768_A-12",
    ]

    is_bad_config = False
    if model_name in lower_models and not do_lower_case:
        is_bad_config = True
        actual_flag = "False"
        case_name = "lowercased"
        opposite_flag = "True"

    if model_name in cased_models and do_lower_case:
        is_bad_config = True
        actual_flag = "True"
        case_name = "cased"
        opposite_flag = "False"

    if is_bad_config:
        raise ValueError(
            "You passed in `--do_lower_case=%s` with `--init_checkpoint=%s`. "
            "However, `%s` seems to be a %s model, so you "
            "should pass in `--do_lower_case=%s` so that the fine-tuning matches "
            "how the model was pre-training. If this error is wrong, please "
            "just comment out this check."
            % (actual_flag, init_checkpoint, model_name, case_name, opposite_flag)
        )


def convert_to_unicode(text):
    """Converts `text` to Unicode (if it's not already), assuming utf-8 input."""
    if six.PY3:
        if isinstance(text, str):
            return text
        elif isinstance(text, bytes):
            return text.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unsupported string type: %s" % (type(text)))
    elif six.PY2:
        if isinstance(text, str):
            return text.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
        elif isinstance(text, unicode):
            return text
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unsupported string type: %s" % (type(text)))
    else:
        raise ValueError("Not running on Python2 or Python 3?")


def printable_text(text):
    """Returns text encoded in a way suitable for print or `tf.logging`."""

    # These functions want `str` for both Python2 and Python3, but in one case
    # it's a Unicode string and in the other it's a byte string.
    if six.PY3:
        if isinstance(text, str):
            return text
        elif isinstance(text, bytes):
            return text.decode("utf-8", "ignore")
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unsupported string type: %s" % (type(text)))
    elif six.PY2:
        if isinstance(text, str):
            return text
        elif isinstance(text, unicode):
            return text.encode("utf-8")
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unsupported string type: %s" % (type(text)))
    else:
        raise ValueError("Not running on Python2 or Python 3?")


def load_vocab(vocab_file):
    """Loads a vocabulary file into a dictionary."""
    vocab = collections.OrderedDict()
    index = 0
    with open(vocab_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as reader:
        while True:
            token = convert_to_unicode(reader.readline())
            if not token:
                break
            token = token.strip()
            vocab[token] = index
            index += 1
    return vocab


def convert_by_vocab(vocab, items, inv=False):
    """Converts a sequence of [tokens|ids] using the vocab.。"""
    output = []
    for item in items:
        if not inv:
            if _is_chinese_substr(item):
                output.append(vocab[item[2:]] + len(vocab))
            else:
                output.append(vocab[item])
        else:
            if item > len(vocab):
                output.append("##" + vocab[item - len(vocab)])
            else:
                output.append(vocab[item])
    return output


def convert_tokens_to_ids(vocab, tokens):
    return convert_by_vocab(vocab, tokens)


def convert_ids_to_tokens(inv_vocab, ids):
    return convert_by_vocab(inv_vocab, ids, inv=True)


def whitespace_tokenize(text):
    """Runs basic whitespace cleaning and splitting on a piece of text."""
    text = text.strip()
    if not text:
        return []
    tokens = text.split()
    return tokens


class FullTokenizer(object):
    """Runs end-to-end tokenziation."""

    def __init__(self, vocab_file, do_lower_case=True, do_chinese_wwm=False):
        self.vocab = load_vocab(vocab_file)  # _BertTokenizer会增加[BOS]和[EOS]
        self.inv_vocab = {v: k for k, v in self.vocab.items()}
        if not do_chinese_wwm:
            self.basic_tokenizer = BasicTokenizer(do_lower_case=do_lower_case)
        else:
            self.basic_tokenizer = BasicTokenizerWithChineseWWM(do_lower_case)
        self.wordpiece_tokenizer = WordpieceTokenizer(vocab=self.vocab)

    def tokenize(self, text):
        split_tokens = []
        for token in self.basic_tokenizer.tokenize(text):
            for sub_token in self.wordpiece_tokenizer.tokenize(token):
                split_tokens.append(sub_token)

        return split_tokens

    def convert_tokens_to_ids(self, tokens):
        return convert_by_vocab(self.vocab, tokens)

    def convert_ids_to_tokens(self, ids):
        return convert_by_vocab(self.inv_vocab, ids, inv=True)

    @staticmethod
    def convert_tokens_to_string(tokens, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True):
        """Converts a sequence of tokens (string) to a single string."""

        def clean_up_tokenization(out_string):
            """Clean up a list of simple English tokenization artifacts
            like spaces before punctuations and abreviated forms.
            """
            out_string = (
                out_string.replace(" .", ".")
                .replace(" ?", "?")
                .replace(" !", "!")
                .replace(" ,", ",")
                .replace(" ' ", "'")
                .replace(" n't", "n't")
                .replace(" 'm", "'m")
                .replace(" 's", "'s")
                .replace(" 've", "'ve")
                .replace(" 're", "'re")
            )
            return out_string

        text = " ".join(tokens).replace(" ##", "").strip()
        if clean_up_tokenization_spaces:
            clean_text = clean_up_tokenization(text)
            return clean_text
        else:
            return text

    def vocab_size(self):
        return len(self.vocab)


class BasicTokenizer(object):
    """Runs basic tokenization (punctuation splitting, lower casing, etc.)."""

    def __init__(self, do_lower_case=True):
        """Constructs a BasicTokenizer.

        Args:
          do_lower_case: Whether to lower case the input.
        """
        self.do_lower_case = do_lower_case

    def tokenize(self, text):
        """Tokenizes a piece of text."""
        text = convert_to_unicode(text)
        text = self._clean_text(text)

        # This was added on November 1st, 2018 for the multilingual and Chinese
        # models. This is also applied to the English models now, but it doesn't
        # matter since the English models were not trained on any Chinese data
        # and generally don't have any Chinese data in them (there are Chinese
        # characters in the vocabulary because Wikipedia does have some Chinese
        # words in the English Wikipedia.).
        text = self._tokenize_chinese_chars(text)

        orig_tokens = whitespace_tokenize(text)
        split_tokens = []
        for token in orig_tokens:
            if self.do_lower_case:
                token = token.lower()
                token = self._run_strip_accents(token)
            split_tokens.extend(self._run_split_on_punc(token))

        output_tokens = whitespace_tokenize(" ".join(split_tokens))
        return output_tokens

    def _run_strip_accents(self, text):
        """Strips accents from a piece of text."""
        text = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", text)
        output = []
        for char in text:
            cat = unicodedata.category(char)
            if cat == "Mn":
                continue
            output.append(char)
        return "".join(output)

    def _run_split_on_punc(self, text):
        """Splits punctuation on a piece of text."""
        chars = list(text)
        i = 0
        start_new_word = True
        output = []
        while i < len(chars):
            char = chars[i]
            if _is_punctuation(char):
                output.append([char])
                start_new_word = True
            else:
                if start_new_word:
                    output.append([])
                start_new_word = False
                output[-1].append(char)
            i += 1

        return ["".join(x) for x in output]

    def _tokenize_chinese_chars(self, text):
        """Adds whitespace around any CJK character."""
        output = []
        for char in text:
            cp = ord(char)
            if self._is_chinese_char(cp):
                output.append(" ")
                output.append(char)
                output.append(" ")
            else:
                output.append(char)
        return "".join(output)

    def _is_chinese_char(self, cp):
        """Checks whether CP is the codepoint of a CJK character."""
        # This defines a "chinese character" as anything in the CJK Unicode block:
        #   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_(Unicode_block)
        #
        # Note that the CJK Unicode block is NOT all Japanese and Korean characters,
        # despite its name. The modern Korean Hangul alphabet is a different block,
        # as is Japanese Hiragana and Katakana. Those alphabets are used to write
        # space-separated words, so they are not treated specially and handled
        # like the all of the other languages.
        if (
            (cp >= 0x4E00 and cp <= 0x9FFF)
            or (cp >= 0x3400 and cp <= 0x4DBF)  #
            or (cp >= 0x20000 and cp <= 0x2A6DF)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2A700 and cp <= 0x2B73F)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2B740 and cp <= 0x2B81F)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2B820 and cp <= 0x2CEAF)  #
            or (cp >= 0xF900 and cp <= 0xFAFF)
            or (cp >= 0x2F800 and cp <= 0x2FA1F)  #
        ):  #
            return True

        return False

    def _clean_text(self, text):
        """Performs invalid character removal and whitespace cleanup on text."""
        output = []
        for char in text:
            cp = ord(char)
            if cp == 0 or cp == 0xFFFD or _is_control(char):
                continue
            if _is_whitespace(char):
                output.append(" ")
            else:
                output.append(char)
        return "".join(output)


class WordpieceTokenizer(object):
    """Runs WordPiece tokenziation."""

    def __init__(self, vocab, unk_token="[UNK]", max_input_chars_per_word=200):
        self.vocab = vocab
        self.unk_token = unk_token
        self.max_input_chars_per_word = max_input_chars_per_word

    def tokenize(self, text):
        """Tokenizes a piece of text into its word pieces.

        This uses a greedy longest-match-first algorithm to perform tokenization
        using the given vocabulary.

        For example:
          input = "unaffable"
          output = ["un", "##aff", "##able"]
          input = "有没有"
          output = ["有", "##没", "##有"]

        （NickPan）对中文的特殊处理：
          中文的substr和原字不应该用不同的embedding，因此"有"和"##有"应该要用同样的id，
          考虑到有些中文词表中本身带有中文substr，有些则没有（如bert4kreas），为了兼容
          两种情况，这里统一的处理方式是将中文substr的id设置为vocab_size+id(substr.remove(##))，
          然后在构建样本mask的时候再考虑。因此在wordpiece_tokenize时，不需要考虑"##有"是否在词表中，
          只需要考虑"有"在词表中即可。

        Args:
          text: A single token or whitespace separated tokens. This should have
            already been passed through `BasicTokenizer.

        Returns:
          A list of wordpiece tokens.
        """

        text = convert_to_unicode(text)

        output_tokens = []
        for token in whitespace_tokenize(text):
            chars = list(token)
            if len(chars) > self.max_input_chars_per_word:
                output_tokens.append(self.unk_token)
                continue

            is_bad = False
            start = 0
            sub_tokens = []
            while start < len(chars):
                end = len(chars)
                cur_substr = None

                while start < end:
                    substr = "".join(chars[start:end])
                    if start > 0:
                        substr = "##" + substr

                    if substr.startswith("##"):
                        if _is_chinese_substr(substr):
                            if substr[2:] in self.vocab:  # 中文substr
                                cur_substr = substr
                                break
                        else:
                            if substr in self.vocab:
                                cur_substr = substr  # 英文substr
                                break
                    else:
                        if substr in self.vocab:  # 非substr，可以是字，也可以是整个中文词
                            cur_substr = substr
                            break
                    end -= 1

                if cur_substr is None:
                    is_bad = True
                    break

                sub_tokens.append(cur_substr)
                start = end

            if is_bad:
                output_tokens.append(self.unk_token)
            else:
                output_tokens.extend(sub_tokens)
        return output_tokens


def _is_whitespace(char):
    """Checks whether `chars` is a whitespace character."""
    # \t, \n, and \r are technically contorl characters but we treat them
    # as whitespace since they are generally considered as such.
    if char == " " or char == "\t" or char == "\n" or char == "\r":
        return True
    cat = unicodedata.category(char)
    if cat == "Zs":
        return True
    return False


def _is_control(char):
    """Checks whether `chars` is a control character."""
    # These are technically control characters but we count them as whitespace
    # characters.
    if char == "\t" or char == "\n" or char == "\r":
        return False
    cat = unicodedata.category(char)
    if cat in ("Cc", "Cf"):
        return True
    return False


def _is_punctuation(char):
    """Checks whether `chars` is a punctuation character."""
    cp = ord(char)
    # We treat all non-letter/number ASCII as punctuation.
    # Characters such as "^", "$", and "`" are not in the Unicode
    # Punctuation class but we treat them as punctuation anyways, for
    # consistency.
    if (
        (cp >= 33 and cp <= 47)
        or (cp >= 58 and cp <= 64)
        or (cp >= 91 and cp <= 96)
        or (cp >= 123 and cp <= 126)
    ):
        return True
    cat = unicodedata.category(char)
    if cat.startswith("P"):
        return True
    return False


class BasicTokenizerWithChineseWWM(object):
    """Runs basic tokenization (punctuation splitting, lower casing, etc.).
    (nickpan)对中英混杂做了特殊处理，见_tokenize_chinese_chars
    """

    def __init__(self, do_lower_case=True):
        """Constructs a BasicTokenizer.

        Args:
          do_lower_case: Whether to lower case the input.
        """
        try:
            import jieba

            self.pre_tokenizer = lambda x: jieba.lcut(x, HMM=False)
        except ImportError:
            raise (ImportError("Chinese WWM need jieba"))

        self.do_lower_case = do_lower_case

    def tokenize(self, text):
        """Tokenizes a piece of text."""
        text = convert_to_unicode(text)
        text = self._clean_text(text)

        # This was added on November 1st, 2018 for the multilingual and Chinese
        # models. This is also applied to the English models now, but it doesn't
        # matter since the English models were not trained on any Chinese data
        # and generally don't have any Chinese data in them (there are Chinese
        # characters in the vocabulary because Wikipedia does have some Chinese
        # words in the English Wikipedia.).
        text = self._tokenize_chinese_chars(text)
        orig_tokens = whitespace_tokenize(text)
        split_tokens = []
        for token in orig_tokens:
            if self.do_lower_case:
                token = token.lower()
                token = self._run_strip_accents(token)
            split_tokens.extend(self._run_split_on_punc(token))

        output_tokens = whitespace_tokenize(" ".join(split_tokens))
        return output_tokens

    def _run_strip_accents(self, text):
        """Strips accents from a piece of text."""
        text = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", text)
        output = []
        for char in text:
            cat = unicodedata.category(char)
            if cat == "Mn":
                continue
            output.append(char)
        return "".join(output)

    def _run_split_on_punc(self, text):
        """Splits punctuation on a piece of text."""
        chars = list(text)
        i = 0
        start_new_word = True
        output = []
        while i < len(chars):
            char = chars[i]
            if _is_punctuation(char):
                output.append([char])
                start_new_word = True
            else:
                if start_new_word:
                    output.append([])
                start_new_word = False
                output[-1].append(char)
            i += 1

        return ["".join(x) for x in output]

    def _tokenize_chinese_chars(self, text):
        """Adds whitespace around any CJK character.
        (nickpan)并且如果是纯中文片段，则用jieba分词，否则则保留
        两边加空格的操作。
        """
        output = []
        piece = ""
        for char in text:
            cp = ord(char)
            if self._is_chinese_char(cp):
                piece += char
            else:
                chinese_words = self.pre_tokenizer(piece)
                for word in chinese_words:
                    output.append(" ")
                    output.append(word)
                    output.append(" ")
                output.append(char)
                piece = ""

        chinese_words = self.pre_tokenizer(piece)
        for word in chinese_words:
            output.append(" ")
            output.append(word)
            output.append(" ")

        return "".join(output)

    def _is_chinese_char(self, cp):
        """Checks whether CP is the codepoint of a CJK character."""
        # This defines a "chinese character" as anything in the CJK Unicode block:
        #   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_(Unicode_block)
        #
        # Note that the CJK Unicode block is NOT all Japanese and Korean characters,
        # despite its name. The modern Korean Hangul alphabet is a different block,
        # as is Japanese Hiragana and Katakana. Those alphabets are used to write
        # space-separated words, so they are not treated specially and handled
        # like the all of the other languages.
        if (
            (cp >= 0x4E00 and cp <= 0x9FFF)
            or (cp >= 0x3400 and cp <= 0x4DBF)  #
            or (cp >= 0x20000 and cp <= 0x2A6DF)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2A700 and cp <= 0x2B73F)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2B740 and cp <= 0x2B81F)  #
            or (cp >= 0x2B820 and cp <= 0x2CEAF)  #
            or (cp >= 0xF900 and cp <= 0xFAFF)
            or (cp >= 0x2F800 and cp <= 0x2FA1F)  #
        ):  #
            return True

        return False

    def _clean_text(self, text):
        """Performs invalid character removal and whitespace cleanup on text."""
        output = []
        for char in text:
            cp = ord(char)
            if cp == 0 or cp == 0xFFFD or _is_control(char):
                continue
            if _is_whitespace(char):
                output.append(" ")
            else:
                output.append(char)
        return "".join(output)


def _is_chinese_substr(char):
    return re.findall("##[\u4E00-\u9FA5]", char)