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# AlphaFold2
## 模型介绍
AlphaFold2是一个用于预测蛋白质三维结构的深度学习模型。
## 模型结构
模型核心是一个基于Transformer架构的神经网络，包括两个主要组件：Sequence to Sequence Model和Structure Model，这两个组件通过迭代训练进行优化，以提高其预测准确性。
## 数据集
推荐使用AlphaFold2中的开源数据集，包括BFD、MGnify、PDB70、Uniclust、Uniref90等,数据集大小约3TB。
我们提供了一个脚本download_all_data.sh用于下载使用的数据集和模型文件：
./scripts/download_all_data.sh 数据集下载目录
## 推理
### 环境配置
提供[光源](https://www.sourcefind.cn/#/service-details)拉取推理的docker镜像：
* 推理镜像：docker pull image.sourcefind.cn:5000/dcu/admin/base/custom:alphafold2-2.2.1-centos7.6-dtk-22.04.2-py38
激活镜像环境：
`source /opt/dtk-22.04.2/env.sh`
`source /opt/openmm-hip/env.sh`
测试目录：
`/opt/docker/test`
### 推理
我们分别提供了基于Jax的单体和多体的推理脚本，版本依赖：
* Jax(DCU版本) >= 0.3.14
* TensorFlow2(DCU版本) >= 2.7.0
设置DOWNLOAD_DIR路径和output_dir路径。确保输出目录存在，并且您有足够的权限对其进行写入。
```
# Set to target of download all databases
DOWNLOAD_DIR = '/path/to/database'
# Path to a directory that will store the results.
output_dir = '/path/to/output_dir'
```
#### 单体
python3 run_alphafold.py \
--fasta_paths=monomer.fasta \
--output_dir=./ \
--max_template_date=2020-05-14 \
--model_preset=monomer \
--run_relax=true \
--use_gpu_relax=true
或者使用`./run_monomer.sh`
##### 单体推理参数说明
monomer.fasta为推理的单体序列；--output_dir为输出目录；--model_preset选择模型配置；--run_relax=true为进行relax操作；--use_gpu_relax=true为使用gpu进行relax操作（速度更快，但可能不太稳定），--use_gpu_relax=true为使用CPU进行relax操作（速度慢，但稳定）；
若添加--use_precomputed_msas=true则可以加载已经搜索对齐的序列，否则默认进行搜索对齐；
#### 多体
python3 run_alphafold.py \
--fasta_paths=multimer.fasta \
--output_dir=./ \
--uniprot_database_path=/data/uniprot/uniprot_trembl.fasta \
--pdb_seqres_database_path=/data/pdb_seqres/pdb_seqres.txt \
--pdb70_database_path= \
--max_template_date=2020-05-14 \
--model_preset=multimer \
--run_relax=true \
--use_gpu_relax=true
或者使用`./run_multimer.sh`
##### 多体推理参数说明
multimer.fasta为推理的多体序列，data为数据集下载路径，其他参数同单体推理参数说明一致。
### 输出
`--output_dir`目录结构如下：
```
<target_name>/
features.pkl
ranked_{0,1,2,3,4}.pdb
ranking_debug.json
relaxed_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pdb
result_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pkl
timings.json
unrelaxed_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pdb
msas/
bfd_uniclust_hits.a3m
mgnify_hits.sto
uniref90_hits.sto
...
```
## 性能和准确率数据
测试数据：[casp14](https://www.predictioncenter.org/casp14/targetlist.cgi)、[uniprot](https://www.uniprot.org/)，使用的加速卡:1张 DCU 1代-16G
性能数据：
| 数据类型 | 序列类型 | 序列标签 | 序列长度 | Speed(s) |
| :------: | :------: | :------: | :------: |:------: |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1026 | 172 | 761.81 |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1053 | 580 | 2885.45 |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1091 | 863 | 5618.62 |
准确性数据：
| 数据类型 | 序列类型 | 序列标签 | 序列长度 | GDT-TS | GDT-HA | LDDT | TM score | MaxSub | RMSD |
| :------: | :------: | :------: | :------: |:------: |:------: | :------: | :------: | :------: |:------: |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1026 | 172 | 0.849 | 0.658 | 75.050 | 0.901 | 0.851 | 1.6 |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1053 | 580 | 0.941 | 0.789 | 92.316 | 0.985 | 0.935 | 1.1 |
| fp32 | 单体 | T1091 | 863 | 0.492 | 0.332 | 85.083 | 0.740 | 0.388 | 6.7 |
## 历史版本
* https://developer.hpccube.com/codes/modelzoo/AlphaFold2
## 参考
* [https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold)
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![header](imgs/header.jpg)
# AlphaFold
This package provides an implementation of the inference pipeline of AlphaFold
v2.0. This is a completely new model that was entered in CASP14 and published in
Nature. For simplicity, we refer to this model as AlphaFold throughout the rest
of this document.
Any publication that discloses findings arising from using this source code or
the model parameters should [cite](#citing-this-work) the
[AlphaFold paper](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2).
![CASP14 predictions](imgs/casp14_predictions.gif)
## First time setup
The following steps are required in order to run AlphaFold:
1. Install [Docker](https://www.docker.com/).
* Install
[NVIDIA Container Toolkit](https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html)
for GPU support.
* Setup running
[Docker as a non-root user](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/#manage-docker-as-a-non-root-user).
1. Download genetic databases (see below).
1. Download model parameters (see below).
1. Check that AlphaFold will be able to use a GPU by running:
```bash
docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0-base nvidia-smi
```
The output of this command should show a list of your GPUs. If it doesn't,
check if you followed all steps correctly when setting up the
[NVIDIA Container Toolkit](https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html)
or take a look at the following
[NVIDIA Docker issue](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1447#issuecomment-801479573).
### Genetic databases
This step requires `rsync` and `aria2c` to be installed on your machine.
AlphaFold needs multiple genetic (sequence) databases to run:
* [UniRef90](https://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref),
* [MGnify](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metagenomics/),
* [BFD](https://bfd.mmseqs.com/),
* [Uniclust30](https://uniclust.mmseqs.com/),
* [PDB70](http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~compbiol/data/hhsuite/databases/hhsuite_dbs/),
* [PDB](https://www.rcsb.org/) (structures in the mmCIF format).
We provide a script `scripts/download_all_data.sh` that can be used to download
and set up all of these databases. This should take 8–12 hours.
:ledger: **Note: The total download size is around 428 GB and the total size
when unzipped is 2.2 TB. Please make sure you have a large enough hard drive
space, bandwidth and time to download.**
This script will also download the model parameter files. Once the script has
finished, you should have the following directory structure:
```
$DOWNLOAD_DIR/ # Total: ~ 2.2 TB (download: 428 GB)
bfd/ # ~ 1.8 TB (download: 271.6 GB)
# 6 files.
mgnify/ # ~ 64 GB (download: 32.9 GB)
mgy_clusters.fa
params/ # ~ 3.5 GB (download: 3.5 GB)
# 5 CASP14 models,
# 5 pTM models,
# LICENSE,
# = 11 files.
pdb70/ # ~ 56 GB (download: 19.5 GB)
# 9 files.
pdb_mmcif/ # ~ 206 GB (download: 46 GB)
mmcif_files/
# About 180,000 .cif files.
obsolete.dat
uniclust30/ # ~ 87 GB (download: 24.9 GB)
uniclust30_2018_08/
# 13 files.
uniref90/ # ~ 59 GB (download: 29.7 GB)
uniref90.fasta
```
### Model parameters
While the AlphaFold code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License, the AlphaFold
parameters are made available for non-commercial use only under the terms of the
CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Please see the [Disclaimer](#license-and-disclaimer) below
for more detail.
The AlphaFold parameters are available from
https://storage.googleapis.com/alphafold/alphafold_params_2021-07-14.tar, and
are downloaded as part of the `scripts/download_all_data.sh` script. This script
will download parameters for:
* 5 models which were used during CASP14, and were extensively validated for
structure prediction quality (see Jumper et al. 2021, Suppl. Methods 1.12
for details).
* 5 pTM models, which were fine-tuned to produce pTM (predicted TM-score) and
predicted aligned error values alongside their structure predictions (see
Jumper et al. 2021, Suppl. Methods 1.9.7 for details).
## Running AlphaFold
**The simplest way to run AlphaFold is using the provided Docker script.** This
was tested on Google Cloud with a machine using the `nvidia-gpu-cloud-image`
with 12 vCPUs, 85 GB of RAM, a 100 GB boot disk, the databases on an additional
3 TB disk, and an A100 GPU.
1. Clone this repository and `cd` into it.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold.git
```
1. Modify `DOWNLOAD_DIR` in `docker/run_docker.py` to be the path to the
directory containing the downloaded databases.
1. Build the Docker image:
```bash
docker build -f docker/Dockerfile -t alphafold .
```
1. Install the `run_docker.py` dependencies. Note: You may optionally wish to
create a
[Python Virtual Environment](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html)
to prevent conflicts with your system's Python environment.
```bash
pip3 install -r docker/requirements.txt
```
1. Run `run_docker.py` pointing to a FASTA file containing the protein sequence
for which you wish to predict the structure. If you are predicting the
structure of a protein that is already in PDB and you wish to avoid using it
as a template, then `max_template_date` must be set to be before the release
date of the structure. For example, for the T1050 CASP14 target:
```bash
python3 docker/run_docker.py --fasta_paths=T1050.fasta --max_template_date=2020-05-14
```
By default, Alphafold will attempt to use all visible GPU devices. To use a
subset, specify a comma-separated list of GPU UUID(s) or index(es) using the
`--gpu_devices` flag. See
[GPU enumeration](https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/user-guide.html#gpu-enumeration)
for more details.
1. You can control AlphaFold speed / quality tradeoff by adding either
`--preset=full_dbs` or `--preset=casp14` to the run command. We provide the
following presets:
* **casp14**: This preset uses the same settings as were used in CASP14.
It runs with all genetic databases and with 8 ensemblings.
* **full_dbs**: The model in this preset is 8 times faster than the
`casp14` preset with a very minor quality drop (-0.1 average GDT drop on
CASP14 domains). It runs with all genetic databases and with no
ensembling.
Running the command above with the `casp14` preset would look like this:
```bash
python3 docker/run_docker.py --fasta_paths=T1050.fasta --max_template_date=2020-05-14 --preset=casp14
```
### AlphaFold output
The outputs will be in a subfolder of `output_dir` in `run_docker.py`. They
include the computed MSAs, unrelaxed structures, relaxed structures, ranked
structures, raw model outputs, prediction metadata, and section timings. The
`output_dir` directory will have the following structure:
```
output_dir/
features.pkl
ranked_{0,1,2,3,4}.pdb
ranking_debug.json
relaxed_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pdb
result_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pkl
timings.json
unrelaxed_model_{1,2,3,4,5}.pdb
msas/
bfd_uniclust_hits.a3m
mgnify_hits.sto
uniref90_hits.sto
```
The contents of each output file are as follows:
* `features.pkl` – A `pickle` file containing the input feature Numpy arrays
used by the models to produce the structures.
* `unrelaxed_model_*.pdb` – A PDB format text file containing the predicted
structure, exactly as outputted by the model.
* `relaxed_model_*.pdb` – A PDB format text file containing the predicted
structure, after performing an Amber relaxation procedure on the unrelaxed
structure prediction, see Jumper et al. 2021, Suppl. Methods 1.8.6 for
details.
* `ranked_*.pdb` – A PDB format text file containing the relaxed predicted
structures, after reordering by model confidence. Here `ranked_0.pdb` should
contain the prediction with the highest confidence, and `ranked_4.pdb` the
prediction with the lowest confidence. To rank model confidence, we use
predicted LDDT (pLDDT), see Jumper et al. 2021, Suppl. Methods 1.9.6 for
details.
* `ranking_debug.json` – A JSON format text file containing the pLDDT values
used to perform the model ranking, and a mapping back to the original model
names.
* `timings.json` – A JSON format text file containing the times taken to run
each section of the AlphaFold pipeline.
* `msas/` - A directory containing the files describing the various genetic
tool hits that were used to construct the input MSA.
* `result_model_*.pkl` – A `pickle` file containing a nested dictionary of the
various Numpy arrays directly produced by the model. In addition to the
output of the structure module, this includes auxiliary outputs such as
distograms and pLDDT scores. If using the pTM models then the pTM logits
will also be contained in this file.
This code has been tested to match mean top-1 accuracy on a CASP14 test set with
pLDDT ranking over 5 model predictions (some CASP targets were run with earlier
versions of AlphaFold and some had manual interventions; see our forthcoming
publication for details). Some targets such as T1064 may also have high
individual run variance over random seeds.
## Inferencing many proteins
The provided inference script is optimized for predicting the structure of a
single protein, and it will compile the neural network to be specialized to
exactly the size of the sequence, MSA, and templates. For large proteins, the
compile time is a negligible fraction of the runtime, but it may become more
significant for small proteins or if the multi-sequence alignments are already
precomputed. In the bulk inference case, it may make sense to use our
`make_fixed_size` function to pad the inputs to a uniform size, thereby reducing
the number of compilations required.
We do not provide a bulk inference script, but it should be straightforward to
develop on top of the `RunModel.predict` method with a parallel system for
precomputing multi-sequence alignments. Alternatively, this script can be run
repeatedly with only moderate overhead.
## Note on reproducibility
AlphaFold's output for a small number of proteins has high inter-run variance,
and may be affected by changes in the input data. The CASP14 target T1064 is a
notable example; the large number of SARS-CoV-2-related sequences recently
deposited changes its MSA significantly. This variability is somewhat mitigated
by the model selection process; running 5 models and taking the most confident.
To reproduce the results of our CASP14 system as closely as possible you must
use the same database versions we used in CASP. These may not match the default
versions downloaded by our scripts.
For genetics:
* UniRef90:
[v2020_01](https://ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot/previous_releases/release-2020_01/uniref/)
* MGnify:
[v2018_12](http://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/metagenomics/peptide_database/2018_12/)
* Uniclust30: [v2018_08](http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~compbiol/uniclust/2018_08/)
* BFD: [only version available](https://bfd.mmseqs.com/)
For templates:
* PDB: (downloaded 2020-05-14)
* PDB70: (downloaded 2020-05-13)
An alternative for templates is to use the latest PDB and PDB70, but pass the
flag `--max_template_date=2020-05-14`, which restricts templates only to
structures that were available at the start of CASP14.
## Citing this work
If you use the code or data in this package, please cite:
```tex
@Article{AlphaFold2021,
author = {Jumper, John and Evans, Richard and Pritzel, Alexander and Green, Tim and Figurnov, Michael and Ronneberger, Olaf and Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn and Bates, Russ and {\v{Z}}{\'\i}dek, Augustin and Potapenko, Anna and Bridgland, Alex and Meyer, Clemens and Kohl, Simon A A and Ballard, Andrew J and Cowie, Andrew and Romera-Paredes, Bernardino and Nikolov, Stanislav and Jain, Rishub and Adler, Jonas and Back, Trevor and Petersen, Stig and Reiman, David and Clancy, Ellen and Zielinski, Michal and Steinegger, Martin and Pacholska, Michalina and Berghammer, Tamas and Bodenstein, Sebastian and Silver, David and Vinyals, Oriol and Senior, Andrew W and Kavukcuoglu, Koray and Kohli, Pushmeet and Hassabis, Demis},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Highly accurate protein structure prediction with {AlphaFold}},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2},
note = {(Accelerated article preview)},
}
```
## Acknowledgements
AlphaFold communicates with and/or references the following separate libraries
and packages:
* [Abseil](https://github.com/abseil/abseil-py)
* [Biopython](https://biopython.org)
* [Chex](https://github.com/deepmind/chex)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com)
* [HH Suite](https://github.com/soedinglab/hh-suite)
* [HMMER Suite](http://eddylab.org/software/hmmer)
* [Haiku](https://github.com/deepmind/dm-haiku)
* [Immutabledict](https://github.com/corenting/immutabledict)
* [JAX](https://github.com/google/jax/)
* [Kalign](https://msa.sbc.su.se/cgi-bin/msa.cgi)
* [ML Collections](https://github.com/google/ml_collections)
* [NumPy](https://numpy.org)
* [OpenMM](https://github.com/openmm/openmm)
* [OpenStructure](https://openstructure.org)
* [SciPy](https://scipy.org)
* [Sonnet](https://github.com/deepmind/sonnet)
* [TensorFlow](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow)
* [Tree](https://github.com/deepmind/tree)
We thank all their contributors and maintainers!
## License and Disclaimer
This is not an officially supported Google product.
Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited.
### AlphaFold Code License
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
License at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
### Model Parameters License
The AlphaFold parameters are made available for non-commercial use only, under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC 4.0) license. You can find details at:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
### Third-party software
Use of the third-party software, libraries or code referred to in the
[Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements) section above may be governed by separate
terms and conditions or license provisions. Your use of the third-party
software, libraries or code is subject to any such terms and you should check
that you can comply with any applicable restrictions or terms and conditions
before use.
alphafold/__init__.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""An implementation of the inference pipeline of AlphaFold v2.0."""
alphafold/common/__init__.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Common data types and constants used within Alphafold."""
alphafold/common/confidence.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Functions for processing confidence metrics."""
from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
import numpy as np
import scipy.special
def compute_plddt(logits: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
"""Computes per-residue pLDDT from logits.
Args:
logits: [num_res, num_bins] output from the PredictedLDDTHead.
Returns:
plddt: [num_res] per-residue pLDDT.
"""
num_bins = logits.shape[-1]
bin_width = 1.0 / num_bins
bin_centers = np.arange(start=0.5 * bin_width, stop=1.0, step=bin_width)
probs = scipy.special.softmax(logits, axis=-1)
predicted_lddt_ca = np.sum(probs * bin_centers[None, :], axis=-1)
return predicted_lddt_ca * 100
def _calculate_bin_centers(breaks: np.ndarray):
"""Gets the bin centers from the bin edges.
Args:
breaks: [num_bins - 1] the error bin edges.
Returns:
bin_centers: [num_bins] the error bin centers.
"""
step = (breaks[1] - breaks[0])
# Add half-step to get the center
bin_centers = breaks + step / 2
# Add a catch-all bin at the end.
bin_centers = np.concatenate([bin_centers, [bin_centers[-1] + step]],
axis=0)
return bin_centers
def _calculate_expected_aligned_error(
alignment_confidence_breaks: np.ndarray,
aligned_distance_error_probs: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
"""Calculates expected aligned distance errors for every pair of residues.
Args:
alignment_confidence_breaks: [num_bins - 1] the error bin edges.
aligned_distance_error_probs: [num_res, num_res, num_bins] the predicted
probs for each error bin, for each pair of residues.
Returns:
predicted_aligned_error: [num_res, num_res] the expected aligned distance
error for each pair of residues.
max_predicted_aligned_error: The maximum predicted error possible.
"""
bin_centers = _calculate_bin_centers(alignment_confidence_breaks)
# Tuple of expected aligned distance error and max possible error.
return (np.sum(aligned_distance_error_probs * bin_centers, axis=-1),
np.asarray(bin_centers[-1]))
def compute_predicted_aligned_error(
logits: np.ndarray,
breaks: np.ndarray) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
"""Computes aligned confidence metrics from logits.
Args:
logits: [num_res, num_res, num_bins] the logits output from
PredictedAlignedErrorHead.
breaks: [num_bins - 1] the error bin edges.
Returns:
aligned_confidence_probs: [num_res, num_res, num_bins] the predicted
aligned error probabilities over bins for each residue pair.
predicted_aligned_error: [num_res, num_res] the expected aligned distance
error for each pair of residues.
max_predicted_aligned_error: The maximum predicted error possible.
"""
aligned_confidence_probs = scipy.special.softmax(
logits,
axis=-1)
predicted_aligned_error, max_predicted_aligned_error = (
_calculate_expected_aligned_error(
alignment_confidence_breaks=breaks,
aligned_distance_error_probs=aligned_confidence_probs))
return {
'aligned_confidence_probs': aligned_confidence_probs,
'predicted_aligned_error': predicted_aligned_error,
'max_predicted_aligned_error': max_predicted_aligned_error,
}
def predicted_tm_score(
logits: np.ndarray,
breaks: np.ndarray,
residue_weights: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
asym_id: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
interface: bool = False) -> np.ndarray:
"""Computes predicted TM alignment or predicted interface TM alignment score.
Args:
logits: [num_res, num_res, num_bins] the logits output from
PredictedAlignedErrorHead.
breaks: [num_bins] the error bins.
residue_weights: [num_res] the per residue weights to use for the
expectation.
asym_id: [num_res] the asymmetric unit ID - the chain ID. Only needed for
ipTM calculation, i.e. when interface=True.
interface: If True, interface predicted TM score is computed.
Returns:
ptm_score: The predicted TM alignment or the predicted iTM score.
"""
# residue_weights has to be in [0, 1], but can be floating-point, i.e. the
# exp. resolved head's probability.
if residue_weights is None:
residue_weights = np.ones(logits.shape[0])
bin_centers = _calculate_bin_centers(breaks)
num_res = int(np.sum(residue_weights))
# Clip num_res to avoid negative/undefined d0.
clipped_num_res = max(num_res, 19)
# Compute d_0(num_res) as defined by TM-score, eqn. (5) in Yang & Skolnick
# "Scoring function for automated assessment of protein structure template
# quality", 2004: http://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/papers/2004_3.pdf
d0 = 1.24 * (clipped_num_res - 15) ** (1./3) - 1.8
# Convert logits to probs.
probs = scipy.special.softmax(logits, axis=-1)
# TM-Score term for every bin.
tm_per_bin = 1. / (1 + np.square(bin_centers) / np.square(d0))
# E_distances tm(distance).
predicted_tm_term = np.sum(probs * tm_per_bin, axis=-1)
pair_mask = np.ones(shape=(num_res, num_res), dtype=bool)
if interface:
pair_mask *= asym_id[:, None] != asym_id[None, :]
predicted_tm_term *= pair_mask
pair_residue_weights = pair_mask * (
residue_weights[None, :] * residue_weights[:, None])
normed_residue_mask = pair_residue_weights / (1e-8 + np.sum(
pair_residue_weights, axis=-1, keepdims=True))
per_alignment = np.sum(predicted_tm_term * normed_residue_mask, axis=-1)
return np.asarray(per_alignment[(per_alignment * residue_weights).argmax()])
alphafold/common/protein.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Protein data type."""
import dataclasses
import io
from typing import Any, Mapping, Optional
from alphafold.common import residue_constants
from Bio.PDB import PDBParser
import numpy as np
FeatureDict = Mapping[str, np.ndarray]
ModelOutput = Mapping[str, Any] # Is a nested dict.
# Complete sequence of chain IDs supported by the PDB format.
PDB_CHAIN_IDS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'
PDB_MAX_CHAINS = len(PDB_CHAIN_IDS) # := 62.
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class Protein:
"""Protein structure representation."""
# Cartesian coordinates of atoms in angstroms. The atom types correspond to
# residue_constants.atom_types, i.e. the first three are N, CA, CB.
atom_positions: np.ndarray # [num_res, num_atom_type, 3]
# Amino-acid type for each residue represented as an integer between 0 and
# 20, where 20 is 'X'.
aatype: np.ndarray # [num_res]
# Binary float mask to indicate presence of a particular atom. 1.0 if an atom
# is present and 0.0 if not. This should be used for loss masking.
atom_mask: np.ndarray # [num_res, num_atom_type]
# Residue index as used in PDB. It is not necessarily continuous or 0-indexed.
residue_index: np.ndarray # [num_res]
# 0-indexed number corresponding to the chain in the protein that this residue
# belongs to.
chain_index: np.ndarray # [num_res]
# B-factors, or temperature factors, of each residue (in sq. angstroms units),
# representing the displacement of the residue from its ground truth mean
# value.
b_factors: np.ndarray # [num_res, num_atom_type]
def __post_init__(self):
if len(np.unique(self.chain_index)) > PDB_MAX_CHAINS:
raise ValueError(
f'Cannot build an instance with more than {PDB_MAX_CHAINS} chains '
'because these cannot be written to PDB format.')
def from_pdb_string(pdb_str: str, chain_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Protein:
"""Takes a PDB string and constructs a Protein object.
WARNING: All non-standard residue types will be converted into UNK. All
non-standard atoms will be ignored.
Args:
pdb_str: The contents of the pdb file
chain_id: If chain_id is specified (e.g. A), then only that chain
is parsed. Otherwise all chains are parsed.
Returns:
A new `Protein` parsed from the pdb contents.
"""
pdb_fh = io.StringIO(pdb_str)
parser = PDBParser(QUIET=True)
structure = parser.get_structure('none', pdb_fh)
models = list(structure.get_models())
if len(models) != 1:
raise ValueError(
f'Only single model PDBs are supported. Found {len(models)} models.')
model = models[0]
atom_positions = []
aatype = []
atom_mask = []
residue_index = []
chain_ids = []
b_factors = []
for chain in model:
if chain_id is not None and chain.id != chain_id:
continue
for res in chain:
if res.id[2] != ' ':
raise ValueError(
f'PDB contains an insertion code at chain {chain.id} and residue '
f'index {res.id[1]}. These are not supported.')
res_shortname = residue_constants.restype_3to1.get(res.resname, 'X')
restype_idx = residue_constants.restype_order.get(
res_shortname, residue_constants.restype_num)
pos = np.zeros((residue_constants.atom_type_num, 3))
mask = np.zeros((residue_constants.atom_type_num,))
res_b_factors = np.zeros((residue_constants.atom_type_num,))
for atom in res:
if atom.name not in residue_constants.atom_types:
continue
pos[residue_constants.atom_order[atom.name]] = atom.coord
mask[residue_constants.atom_order[atom.name]] = 1.
res_b_factors[residue_constants.atom_order[atom.name]] = atom.bfactor
if np.sum(mask) < 0.5:
# If no known atom positions are reported for the residue then skip it.
continue
aatype.append(restype_idx)
atom_positions.append(pos)
atom_mask.append(mask)
residue_index.append(res.id[1])
chain_ids.append(chain.id)
b_factors.append(res_b_factors)
# Chain IDs are usually characters so map these to ints.
unique_chain_ids = np.unique(chain_ids)
chain_id_mapping = {cid: n for n, cid in enumerate(unique_chain_ids)}
chain_index = np.array([chain_id_mapping[cid] for cid in chain_ids])
return Protein(
atom_positions=np.array(atom_positions),
atom_mask=np.array(atom_mask),
aatype=np.array(aatype),
residue_index=np.array(residue_index),
chain_index=chain_index,
b_factors=np.array(b_factors))
def _chain_end(atom_index, end_resname, chain_name, residue_index) -> str:
chain_end = 'TER'
return (f'{chain_end:<6}{atom_index:>5} {end_resname:>3} '
f'{chain_name:>1}{residue_index:>4}')
def to_pdb(prot: Protein) -> str:
"""Converts a `Protein` instance to a PDB string.
Args:
prot: The protein to convert to PDB.
Returns:
PDB string.
"""
restypes = residue_constants.restypes + ['X']
res_1to3 = lambda r: residue_constants.restype_1to3.get(restypes[r], 'UNK')
atom_types = residue_constants.atom_types
pdb_lines = []
atom_mask = prot.atom_mask
aatype = prot.aatype
atom_positions = prot.atom_positions
residue_index = prot.residue_index.astype(np.int32)
chain_index = prot.chain_index.astype(np.int32)
b_factors = prot.b_factors
if np.any(aatype > residue_constants.restype_num):
raise ValueError('Invalid aatypes.')
# Construct a mapping from chain integer indices to chain ID strings.
chain_ids = {}
for i in np.unique(chain_index): # np.unique gives sorted output.
if i >= PDB_MAX_CHAINS:
raise ValueError(
f'The PDB format supports at most {PDB_MAX_CHAINS} chains.')
chain_ids[i] = PDB_CHAIN_IDS[i]
pdb_lines.append('MODEL 1')
atom_index = 1
last_chain_index = chain_index[0]
# Add all atom sites.
for i in range(aatype.shape[0]):
# Close the previous chain if in a multichain PDB.
if last_chain_index != chain_index[i]:
pdb_lines.append(_chain_end(
atom_index, res_1to3(aatype[i - 1]), chain_ids[chain_index[i - 1]],
residue_index[i - 1]))
last_chain_index = chain_index[i]
atom_index += 1 # Atom index increases at the TER symbol.
res_name_3 = res_1to3(aatype[i])
for atom_name, pos, mask, b_factor in zip(
atom_types, atom_positions[i], atom_mask[i], b_factors[i]):
if mask < 0.5:
continue
record_type = 'ATOM'
name = atom_name if len(atom_name) == 4 else f' {atom_name}'
alt_loc = ''
insertion_code = ''
occupancy = 1.00
element = atom_name[0] # Protein supports only C, N, O, S, this works.
charge = ''
# PDB is a columnar format, every space matters here!
atom_line = (f'{record_type:<6}{atom_index:>5} {name:<4}{alt_loc:>1}'
f'{res_name_3:>3} {chain_ids[chain_index[i]]:>1}'
f'{residue_index[i]:>4}{insertion_code:>1} '
f'{pos[0]:>8.3f}{pos[1]:>8.3f}{pos[2]:>8.3f}'
f'{occupancy:>6.2f}{b_factor:>6.2f} '
f'{element:>2}{charge:>2}')
pdb_lines.append(atom_line)
atom_index += 1
# Close the final chain.
pdb_lines.append(_chain_end(atom_index, res_1to3(aatype[-1]),
chain_ids[chain_index[-1]], residue_index[-1]))
pdb_lines.append('ENDMDL')
pdb_lines.append('END')
# Pad all lines to 80 characters.
pdb_lines = [line.ljust(80) for line in pdb_lines]
return '\n'.join(pdb_lines) + '\n' # Add terminating newline.
def ideal_atom_mask(prot: Protein) -> np.ndarray:
"""Computes an ideal atom mask.
`Protein.atom_mask` typically is defined according to the atoms that are
reported in the PDB. This function computes a mask according to heavy atoms
that should be present in the given sequence of amino acids.
Args:
prot: `Protein` whose fields are `numpy.ndarray` objects.
Returns:
An ideal atom mask.
"""
return residue_constants.STANDARD_ATOM_MASK[prot.aatype]
def from_prediction(
features: FeatureDict,
result: ModelOutput,
b_factors: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
remove_leading_feature_dimension: bool = True) -> Protein:
"""Assembles a protein from a prediction.
Args:
features: Dictionary holding model inputs.
result: Dictionary holding model outputs.
b_factors: (Optional) B-factors to use for the protein.
remove_leading_feature_dimension: Whether to remove the leading dimension
of the `features` values.
Returns:
A protein instance.
"""
fold_output = result['structure_module']
dist_per_residue = np.zeros_like(fold_output['final_atom_mask'])
plddt = np.expand_dims(result['plddt'],axis=1)
plddt = np.repeat(plddt, residue_constants.atom_type_num, axis=1)
def _maybe_remove_leading_dim(arr: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
return arr[0] if remove_leading_feature_dimension else arr
if 'asym_id' in features:
chain_index = _maybe_remove_leading_dim(features['asym_id'])
else:
chain_index = np.zeros_like(_maybe_remove_leading_dim(features['aatype']))
if b_factors is None:
b_factors = np.zeros_like(fold_output['final_atom_mask'])
return Protein(
aatype=_maybe_remove_leading_dim(features['aatype']),
atom_positions=fold_output['final_atom_positions'],
atom_mask=fold_output['final_atom_mask'],
residue_index=_maybe_remove_leading_dim(features['residue_index']) + 1,
chain_index=chain_index,
b_factors=b_factors)
alphafold/common/protein_test.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Tests for protein."""
import os
from absl.testing import absltest
from absl.testing import parameterized
from alphafold.common import protein
from alphafold.common import residue_constants
import numpy as np
# Internal import (7716).
TEST_DATA_DIR = 'alphafold/common/testdata/'
class ProteinTest(parameterized.TestCase):
def _check_shapes(self, prot, num_res):
"""Check that the processed shapes are correct."""
num_atoms = residue_constants.atom_type_num
self.assertEqual((num_res, num_atoms, 3), prot.atom_positions.shape)
self.assertEqual((num_res,), prot.aatype.shape)
self.assertEqual((num_res, num_atoms), prot.atom_mask.shape)
self.assertEqual((num_res,), prot.residue_index.shape)
self.assertEqual((num_res,), prot.chain_index.shape)
self.assertEqual((num_res, num_atoms), prot.b_factors.shape)
@parameterized.named_parameters(
dict(testcase_name='chain_A',
pdb_file='2rbg.pdb', chain_id='A', num_res=282, num_chains=1),
dict(testcase_name='chain_B',
pdb_file='2rbg.pdb', chain_id='B', num_res=282, num_chains=1),
dict(testcase_name='multichain',
pdb_file='2rbg.pdb', chain_id=None, num_res=564, num_chains=2))
def test_from_pdb_str(self, pdb_file, chain_id, num_res, num_chains):
pdb_file = os.path.join(absltest.get_default_test_srcdir(), TEST_DATA_DIR,
pdb_file)
with open(pdb_file) as f:
pdb_string = f.read()
prot = protein.from_pdb_string(pdb_string, chain_id)
self._check_shapes(prot, num_res)
self.assertGreaterEqual(prot.aatype.min(), 0)
# Allow equal since unknown restypes have index equal to restype_num.
self.assertLessEqual(prot.aatype.max(), residue_constants.restype_num)
self.assertLen(np.unique(prot.chain_index), num_chains)
def test_to_pdb(self):
with open(
os.path.join(absltest.get_default_test_srcdir(), TEST_DATA_DIR,
'2rbg.pdb')) as f:
pdb_string = f.read()
prot = protein.from_pdb_string(pdb_string)
pdb_string_reconstr = protein.to_pdb(prot)
for line in pdb_string_reconstr.splitlines():
self.assertLen(line, 80)
prot_reconstr = protein.from_pdb_string(pdb_string_reconstr)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(prot_reconstr.aatype, prot.aatype)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
prot_reconstr.atom_positions, prot.atom_positions)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
prot_reconstr.atom_mask, prot.atom_mask)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(
prot_reconstr.residue_index, prot.residue_index)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(
prot_reconstr.chain_index, prot.chain_index)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(
prot_reconstr.b_factors, prot.b_factors)
def test_ideal_atom_mask(self):
with open(
os.path.join(absltest.get_default_test_srcdir(), TEST_DATA_DIR,
'2rbg.pdb')) as f:
pdb_string = f.read()
prot = protein.from_pdb_string(pdb_string)
ideal_mask = protein.ideal_atom_mask(prot)
non_ideal_residues = set([102] + list(range(127, 286)))
for i, (res, atom_mask) in enumerate(
zip(prot.residue_index, prot.atom_mask)):
if res in non_ideal_residues:
self.assertFalse(np.all(atom_mask == ideal_mask[i]), msg=f'{res}')
else:
self.assertTrue(np.all(atom_mask == ideal_mask[i]), msg=f'{res}')
def test_too_many_chains(self):
num_res = protein.PDB_MAX_CHAINS + 1
num_atom_type = residue_constants.atom_type_num
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
_ = protein.Protein(
atom_positions=np.random.random([num_res, num_atom_type, 3]),
aatype=np.random.randint(0, 21, [num_res]),
atom_mask=np.random.randint(0, 2, [num_res]).astype(np.float32),
residue_index=np.arange(1, num_res+1),
chain_index=np.arange(num_res),
b_factors=np.random.uniform(1, 100, [num_res]))
if __name__ == '__main__':
absltest.main()
alphafold/common/residue_constants.py 0 → 100644
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alphafold/common/residue_constants_test.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Test that residue_constants generates correct values."""
from absl.testing import absltest
from absl.testing import parameterized
from alphafold.common import residue_constants
import numpy as np
class ResidueConstantsTest(parameterized.TestCase):
@parameterized.parameters(
('ALA', 0),
('CYS', 1),
('HIS', 2),
('MET', 3),
('LYS', 4),
('ARG', 4),
)
def testChiAnglesAtoms(self, residue_name, chi_num):
chi_angles_atoms = residue_constants.chi_angles_atoms[residue_name]
self.assertLen(chi_angles_atoms, chi_num)
for chi_angle_atoms in chi_angles_atoms:
self.assertLen(chi_angle_atoms, 4)
def testChiGroupsForAtom(self):
for k, chi_groups in residue_constants.chi_groups_for_atom.items():
res_name, atom_name = k
for chi_group_i, atom_i in chi_groups:
self.assertEqual(
atom_name,
residue_constants.chi_angles_atoms[res_name][chi_group_i][atom_i])
@parameterized.parameters(
('ALA', 5), ('ARG', 11), ('ASN', 8), ('ASP', 8), ('CYS', 6), ('GLN', 9),
('GLU', 9), ('GLY', 4), ('HIS', 10), ('ILE', 8), ('LEU', 8), ('LYS', 9),
('MET', 8), ('PHE', 11), ('PRO', 7), ('SER', 6), ('THR', 7), ('TRP', 14),
('TYR', 12), ('VAL', 7)
)
def testResidueAtoms(self, atom_name, num_residue_atoms):
residue_atoms = residue_constants.residue_atoms[atom_name]
self.assertLen(residue_atoms, num_residue_atoms)
def testStandardAtomMask(self):
with self.subTest('Check shape'):
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.STANDARD_ATOM_MASK.shape, (21, 37,))
with self.subTest('Check values'):
str_to_row = lambda s: [c == '1' for c in s] # More clear/concise.
np.testing.assert_array_equal(
residue_constants.STANDARD_ATOM_MASK,
np.array([
# NB This was defined by c+p but looks sane.
str_to_row('11111 '), # ALA
str_to_row('111111 1 1 11 1 '), # ARG
str_to_row('111111 11 '), # ASP
str_to_row('111111 11 '), # ASN
str_to_row('11111 1 '), # CYS
str_to_row('111111 1 11 '), # GLU
str_to_row('111111 1 11 '), # GLN
str_to_row('111 1 '), # GLY
str_to_row('111111 11 1 1 '), # HIS
str_to_row('11111 11 1 '), # ILE
str_to_row('111111 11 '), # LEU
str_to_row('111111 1 1 1 '), # LYS
str_to_row('111111 11 '), # MET
str_to_row('111111 11 11 1 '), # PHE
str_to_row('111111 1 '), # PRO
str_to_row('11111 1 '), # SER
str_to_row('11111 1 1 '), # THR
str_to_row('111111 11 11 1 1 11 '), # TRP
str_to_row('111111 11 11 11 '), # TYR
str_to_row('11111 11 '), # VAL
str_to_row(' '), # UNK
]))
with self.subTest('Check row totals'):
# Check each row has the right number of atoms.
for row, restype in enumerate(residue_constants.restypes): # A, R, ...
long_restype = residue_constants.restype_1to3[restype] # ALA, ARG, ...
atoms_names = residue_constants.residue_atoms[
long_restype] # ['C', 'CA', 'CB', 'N', 'O'], ...
self.assertLen(atoms_names,
residue_constants.STANDARD_ATOM_MASK[row, :].sum(),
long_restype)
def testAtomTypes(self):
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_type_num, 37)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_types[0], 'N')
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_types[1], 'CA')
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_types[2], 'C')
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_types[3], 'CB')
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_types[4], 'O')
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_order['N'], 0)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_order['CA'], 1)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_order['C'], 2)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_order['CB'], 3)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_order['O'], 4)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.atom_type_num, 37)
def testRestypes(self):
three_letter_restypes = [
residue_constants.restype_1to3[r] for r in residue_constants.restypes]
for restype, exp_restype in zip(
three_letter_restypes, sorted(residue_constants.restype_1to3.values())):
self.assertEqual(restype, exp_restype)
self.assertEqual(residue_constants.restype_num, 20)
def testSequenceToOneHotHHBlits(self):
one_hot = residue_constants.sequence_to_onehot(
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-', residue_constants.HHBLITS_AA_TO_ID)
exp_one_hot = np.array(
[[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]])
np.testing.assert_array_equal(one_hot, exp_one_hot)
def testSequenceToOneHotStandard(self):
one_hot = residue_constants.sequence_to_onehot(
'ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYV', residue_constants.restype_order)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(one_hot, np.eye(20))
def testSequenceToOneHotUnknownMapping(self):
seq = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
expected_out = np.zeros([26, 21])
for row, position in enumerate(
[0, 20, 4, 3, 6, 13, 7, 8, 9, 20, 11, 10, 12, 2, 20, 14, 5, 1, 15, 16,
20, 19, 17, 20, 18, 20]):
expected_out[row, position] = 1
aa_types = residue_constants.sequence_to_onehot(
sequence=seq,
mapping=residue_constants.restype_order_with_x,
map_unknown_to_x=True)
self.assertTrue((aa_types == expected_out).all())
@parameterized.named_parameters(
('lowercase', 'aaa'), # Insertions in A3M.
('gaps', '---'), # Gaps in A3M.
('dots', '...'), # Gaps in A3M.
('metadata', '>TEST'), # FASTA metadata line.
)
def testSequenceToOneHotUnknownMappingError(self, seq):
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
residue_constants.sequence_to_onehot(
sequence=seq,
mapping=residue_constants.restype_order_with_x,
map_unknown_to_x=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
absltest.main()
alphafold/common/stereo_chemical_props.txt 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
Bond Residue Mean StdDev
CA-CB ALA 1.520 0.021
N-CA ALA 1.459 0.020
CA-C ALA 1.525 0.026
C-O ALA 1.229 0.019
CA-CB ARG 1.535 0.022
CB-CG ARG 1.521 0.027
CG-CD ARG 1.515 0.025
CD-NE ARG 1.460 0.017
NE-CZ ARG 1.326 0.013
CZ-NH1 ARG 1.326 0.013
CZ-NH2 ARG 1.326 0.013
N-CA ARG 1.459 0.020
CA-C ARG 1.525 0.026
C-O ARG 1.229 0.019
CA-CB ASN 1.527 0.026
CB-CG ASN 1.506 0.023
CG-OD1 ASN 1.235 0.022
CG-ND2 ASN 1.324 0.025
N-CA ASN 1.459 0.020
CA-C ASN 1.525 0.026
C-O ASN 1.229 0.019
CA-CB ASP 1.535 0.022
CB-CG ASP 1.513 0.021
CG-OD1 ASP 1.249 0.023
CG-OD2 ASP 1.249 0.023
N-CA ASP 1.459 0.020
CA-C ASP 1.525 0.026
C-O ASP 1.229 0.019
CA-CB CYS 1.526 0.013
CB-SG CYS 1.812 0.016
N-CA CYS 1.459 0.020
CA-C CYS 1.525 0.026
C-O CYS 1.229 0.019
CA-CB GLU 1.535 0.022
CB-CG GLU 1.517 0.019
CG-CD GLU 1.515 0.015
CD-OE1 GLU 1.252 0.011
CD-OE2 GLU 1.252 0.011
N-CA GLU 1.459 0.020
CA-C GLU 1.525 0.026
C-O GLU 1.229 0.019
CA-CB GLN 1.535 0.022
CB-CG GLN 1.521 0.027
CG-CD GLN 1.506 0.023
CD-OE1 GLN 1.235 0.022
CD-NE2 GLN 1.324 0.025
N-CA GLN 1.459 0.020
CA-C GLN 1.525 0.026
C-O GLN 1.229 0.019
N-CA GLY 1.456 0.015
CA-C GLY 1.514 0.016
C-O GLY 1.232 0.016
CA-CB HIS 1.535 0.022
CB-CG HIS 1.492 0.016
CG-ND1 HIS 1.369 0.015
CG-CD2 HIS 1.353 0.017
ND1-CE1 HIS 1.343 0.025
CD2-NE2 HIS 1.415 0.021
CE1-NE2 HIS 1.322 0.023
N-CA HIS 1.459 0.020
CA-C HIS 1.525 0.026
C-O HIS 1.229 0.019
CA-CB ILE 1.544 0.023
CB-CG1 ILE 1.536 0.028
CB-CG2 ILE 1.524 0.031
CG1-CD1 ILE 1.500 0.069
N-CA ILE 1.459 0.020
CA-C ILE 1.525 0.026
C-O ILE 1.229 0.019
CA-CB LEU 1.533 0.023
CB-CG LEU 1.521 0.029
CG-CD1 LEU 1.514 0.037
CG-CD2 LEU 1.514 0.037
N-CA LEU 1.459 0.020
CA-C LEU 1.525 0.026
C-O LEU 1.229 0.019
CA-CB LYS 1.535 0.022
CB-CG LYS 1.521 0.027
CG-CD LYS 1.520 0.034
CD-CE LYS 1.508 0.025
CE-NZ LYS 1.486 0.025
N-CA LYS 1.459 0.020
CA-C LYS 1.525 0.026
C-O LYS 1.229 0.019
CA-CB MET 1.535 0.022
CB-CG MET 1.509 0.032
CG-SD MET 1.807 0.026
SD-CE MET 1.774 0.056
N-CA MET 1.459 0.020
CA-C MET 1.525 0.026
C-O MET 1.229 0.019
CA-CB PHE 1.535 0.022
CB-CG PHE 1.509 0.017
CG-CD1 PHE 1.383 0.015
CG-CD2 PHE 1.383 0.015
CD1-CE1 PHE 1.388 0.020
CD2-CE2 PHE 1.388 0.020
CE1-CZ PHE 1.369 0.019
CE2-CZ PHE 1.369 0.019
N-CA PHE 1.459 0.020
CA-C PHE 1.525 0.026
C-O PHE 1.229 0.019
CA-CB PRO 1.531 0.020
CB-CG PRO 1.495 0.050
CG-CD PRO 1.502 0.033
CD-N PRO 1.474 0.014
N-CA PRO 1.468 0.017
CA-C PRO 1.524 0.020
C-O PRO 1.228 0.020
CA-CB SER 1.525 0.015
CB-OG SER 1.418 0.013
N-CA SER 1.459 0.020
CA-C SER 1.525 0.026
C-O SER 1.229 0.019
CA-CB THR 1.529 0.026
CB-OG1 THR 1.428 0.020
CB-CG2 THR 1.519 0.033
N-CA THR 1.459 0.020
CA-C THR 1.525 0.026
C-O THR 1.229 0.019
CA-CB TRP 1.535 0.022
CB-CG TRP 1.498 0.018
CG-CD1 TRP 1.363 0.014
CG-CD2 TRP 1.432 0.017
CD1-NE1 TRP 1.375 0.017
NE1-CE2 TRP 1.371 0.013
CD2-CE2 TRP 1.409 0.012
CD2-CE3 TRP 1.399 0.015
CE2-CZ2 TRP 1.393 0.017
CE3-CZ3 TRP 1.380 0.017
CZ2-CH2 TRP 1.369 0.019
CZ3-CH2 TRP 1.396 0.016
N-CA TRP 1.459 0.020
CA-C TRP 1.525 0.026
C-O TRP 1.229 0.019
CA-CB TYR 1.535 0.022
CB-CG TYR 1.512 0.015
CG-CD1 TYR 1.387 0.013
CG-CD2 TYR 1.387 0.013
CD1-CE1 TYR 1.389 0.015
CD2-CE2 TYR 1.389 0.015
CE1-CZ TYR 1.381 0.013
CE2-CZ TYR 1.381 0.013
CZ-OH TYR 1.374 0.017
N-CA TYR 1.459 0.020
CA-C TYR 1.525 0.026
C-O TYR 1.229 0.019
CA-CB VAL 1.543 0.021
CB-CG1 VAL 1.524 0.021
CB-CG2 VAL 1.524 0.021
N-CA VAL 1.459 0.020
CA-C VAL 1.525 0.026
C-O VAL 1.229 0.019
-
Angle Residue Mean StdDev
N-CA-CB ALA 110.1 1.4
CB-CA-C ALA 110.1 1.5
N-CA-C ALA 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O ALA 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB ARG 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C ARG 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG ARG 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-CD ARG 111.6 2.6
CG-CD-NE ARG 111.8 2.1
CD-NE-CZ ARG 123.6 1.4
NE-CZ-NH1 ARG 120.3 0.5
NE-CZ-NH2 ARG 120.3 0.5
NH1-CZ-NH2 ARG 119.4 1.1
N-CA-C ARG 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O ARG 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB ASN 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C ASN 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG ASN 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-ND2 ASN 116.7 2.4
CB-CG-OD1 ASN 121.6 2.0
ND2-CG-OD1 ASN 121.9 2.3
N-CA-C ASN 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O ASN 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB ASP 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C ASP 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG ASP 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-OD1 ASP 118.3 0.9
CB-CG-OD2 ASP 118.3 0.9
OD1-CG-OD2 ASP 123.3 1.9
N-CA-C ASP 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O ASP 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB CYS 110.8 1.5
CB-CA-C CYS 111.5 1.2
CA-CB-SG CYS 114.2 1.1
N-CA-C CYS 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O CYS 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB GLU 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C GLU 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG GLU 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-CD GLU 114.2 2.7
CG-CD-OE1 GLU 118.3 2.0
CG-CD-OE2 GLU 118.3 2.0
OE1-CD-OE2 GLU 123.3 1.2
N-CA-C GLU 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O GLU 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB GLN 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C GLN 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG GLN 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-CD GLN 111.6 2.6
CG-CD-OE1 GLN 121.6 2.0
CG-CD-NE2 GLN 116.7 2.4
OE1-CD-NE2 GLN 121.9 2.3
N-CA-C GLN 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O GLN 120.1 2.1
N-CA-C GLY 113.1 2.5
CA-C-O GLY 120.6 1.8
N-CA-CB HIS 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C HIS 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG HIS 113.6 1.7
CB-CG-ND1 HIS 123.2 2.5
CB-CG-CD2 HIS 130.8 3.1
CG-ND1-CE1 HIS 108.2 1.4
ND1-CE1-NE2 HIS 109.9 2.2
CE1-NE2-CD2 HIS 106.6 2.5
NE2-CD2-CG HIS 109.2 1.9
CD2-CG-ND1 HIS 106.0 1.4
N-CA-C HIS 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O HIS 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB ILE 110.8 2.3
CB-CA-C ILE 111.6 2.0
CA-CB-CG1 ILE 111.0 1.9
CB-CG1-CD1 ILE 113.9 2.8
CA-CB-CG2 ILE 110.9 2.0
CG1-CB-CG2 ILE 111.4 2.2
N-CA-C ILE 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O ILE 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB LEU 110.4 2.0
CB-CA-C LEU 110.2 1.9
CA-CB-CG LEU 115.3 2.3
CB-CG-CD1 LEU 111.0 1.7
CB-CG-CD2 LEU 111.0 1.7
CD1-CG-CD2 LEU 110.5 3.0
N-CA-C LEU 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O LEU 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB LYS 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C LYS 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG LYS 113.4 2.2
CB-CG-CD LYS 111.6 2.6
CG-CD-CE LYS 111.9 3.0
CD-CE-NZ LYS 111.7 2.3
N-CA-C LYS 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O LYS 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB MET 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C MET 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG MET 113.3 1.7
CB-CG-SD MET 112.4 3.0
CG-SD-CE MET 100.2 1.6
N-CA-C MET 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O MET 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB PHE 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C PHE 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG PHE 113.9 2.4
CB-CG-CD1 PHE 120.8 0.7
CB-CG-CD2 PHE 120.8 0.7
CD1-CG-CD2 PHE 118.3 1.3
CG-CD1-CE1 PHE 120.8 1.1
CG-CD2-CE2 PHE 120.8 1.1
CD1-CE1-CZ PHE 120.1 1.2
CD2-CE2-CZ PHE 120.1 1.2
CE1-CZ-CE2 PHE 120.0 1.8
N-CA-C PHE 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O PHE 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB PRO 103.3 1.2
CB-CA-C PRO 111.7 2.1
CA-CB-CG PRO 104.8 1.9
CB-CG-CD PRO 106.5 3.9
CG-CD-N PRO 103.2 1.5
CA-N-CD PRO 111.7 1.4
N-CA-C PRO 112.1 2.6
CA-C-O PRO 120.2 2.4
N-CA-CB SER 110.5 1.5
CB-CA-C SER 110.1 1.9
CA-CB-OG SER 111.2 2.7
N-CA-C SER 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O SER 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB THR 110.3 1.9
CB-CA-C THR 111.6 2.7
CA-CB-OG1 THR 109.0 2.1
CA-CB-CG2 THR 112.4 1.4
OG1-CB-CG2 THR 110.0 2.3
N-CA-C THR 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O THR 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB TRP 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C TRP 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG TRP 113.7 1.9
CB-CG-CD1 TRP 127.0 1.3
CB-CG-CD2 TRP 126.6 1.3
CD1-CG-CD2 TRP 106.3 0.8
CG-CD1-NE1 TRP 110.1 1.0
CD1-NE1-CE2 TRP 109.0 0.9
NE1-CE2-CD2 TRP 107.3 1.0
CE2-CD2-CG TRP 107.3 0.8
CG-CD2-CE3 TRP 133.9 0.9
NE1-CE2-CZ2 TRP 130.4 1.1
CE3-CD2-CE2 TRP 118.7 1.2
CD2-CE2-CZ2 TRP 122.3 1.2
CE2-CZ2-CH2 TRP 117.4 1.0
CZ2-CH2-CZ3 TRP 121.6 1.2
CH2-CZ3-CE3 TRP 121.2 1.1
CZ3-CE3-CD2 TRP 118.8 1.3
N-CA-C TRP 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O TRP 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB TYR 110.6 1.8
CB-CA-C TYR 110.4 2.0
CA-CB-CG TYR 113.4 1.9
CB-CG-CD1 TYR 121.0 0.6
CB-CG-CD2 TYR 121.0 0.6
CD1-CG-CD2 TYR 117.9 1.1
CG-CD1-CE1 TYR 121.3 0.8
CG-CD2-CE2 TYR 121.3 0.8
CD1-CE1-CZ TYR 119.8 0.9
CD2-CE2-CZ TYR 119.8 0.9
CE1-CZ-CE2 TYR 119.8 1.6
CE1-CZ-OH TYR 120.1 2.7
CE2-CZ-OH TYR 120.1 2.7
N-CA-C TYR 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O TYR 120.1 2.1
N-CA-CB VAL 111.5 2.2
CB-CA-C VAL 111.4 1.9
CA-CB-CG1 VAL 110.9 1.5
CA-CB-CG2 VAL 110.9 1.5
CG1-CB-CG2 VAL 110.9 1.6
N-CA-C VAL 111.0 2.7
CA-C-O VAL 120.1 2.1
-
Non-bonded distance Minimum Dist Tolerance
C-C 3.4 1.5
C-N 3.25 1.5
C-S 3.5 1.5
C-O 3.22 1.5
N-N 3.1 1.5
N-S 3.35 1.5
N-O 3.07 1.5
O-S 3.32 1.5
O-O 3.04 1.5
S-S 2.03 1.0
-
alphafold/common/testdata/2rbg.pdb 0 → 100755
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alphafold/data/__init__.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Data pipeline for model features."""
alphafold/data/feature_processing.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Feature processing logic for multimer data pipeline."""
from typing import Iterable, MutableMapping, List
from alphafold.common import residue_constants
from alphafold.data import msa_pairing
from alphafold.data import pipeline
import numpy as np
REQUIRED_FEATURES = frozenset({
'aatype', 'all_atom_mask', 'all_atom_positions', 'all_chains_entity_ids',
'all_crops_all_chains_mask', 'all_crops_all_chains_positions',
'all_crops_all_chains_residue_ids', 'assembly_num_chains', 'asym_id',
'bert_mask', 'cluster_bias_mask', 'deletion_matrix', 'deletion_mean',
'entity_id', 'entity_mask', 'mem_peak', 'msa', 'msa_mask', 'num_alignments',
'num_templates', 'queue_size', 'residue_index', 'resolution',
'seq_length', 'seq_mask', 'sym_id', 'template_aatype',
'template_all_atom_mask', 'template_all_atom_positions'
})
MAX_TEMPLATES = 4
MSA_CROP_SIZE = 2048
def _is_homomer_or_monomer(chains: Iterable[pipeline.FeatureDict]) -> bool:
"""Checks if a list of chains represents a homomer/monomer example."""
# Note that an entity_id of 0 indicates padding.
num_unique_chains = len(np.unique(np.concatenate(
[np.unique(chain['entity_id'][chain['entity_id'] > 0]) for
chain in chains])))
return num_unique_chains == 1
def pair_and_merge(
all_chain_features: MutableMapping[str, pipeline.FeatureDict]
) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Runs processing on features to augment, pair and merge.
Args:
all_chain_features: A MutableMap of dictionaries of features for each chain.
Returns:
A dictionary of features.
"""
process_unmerged_features(all_chain_features)
np_chains_list = list(all_chain_features.values())
pair_msa_sequences = not _is_homomer_or_monomer(np_chains_list)
if pair_msa_sequences:
np_chains_list = msa_pairing.create_paired_features(
chains=np_chains_list)
np_chains_list = msa_pairing.deduplicate_unpaired_sequences(np_chains_list)
np_chains_list = crop_chains(
np_chains_list,
msa_crop_size=MSA_CROP_SIZE,
pair_msa_sequences=pair_msa_sequences,
max_templates=MAX_TEMPLATES)
np_example = msa_pairing.merge_chain_features(
np_chains_list=np_chains_list, pair_msa_sequences=pair_msa_sequences,
max_templates=MAX_TEMPLATES)
np_example = process_final(np_example)
return np_example
def crop_chains(
chains_list: List[pipeline.FeatureDict],
msa_crop_size: int,
pair_msa_sequences: bool,
max_templates: int) -> List[pipeline.FeatureDict]:
"""Crops the MSAs for a set of chains.
Args:
chains_list: A list of chains to be cropped.
msa_crop_size: The total number of sequences to crop from the MSA.
pair_msa_sequences: Whether we are operating in sequence-pairing mode.
max_templates: The maximum templates to use per chain.
Returns:
The chains cropped.
"""
# Apply the cropping.
cropped_chains = []
for chain in chains_list:
cropped_chain = _crop_single_chain(
chain,
msa_crop_size=msa_crop_size,
pair_msa_sequences=pair_msa_sequences,
max_templates=max_templates)
cropped_chains.append(cropped_chain)
return cropped_chains
def _crop_single_chain(chain: pipeline.FeatureDict,
msa_crop_size: int,
pair_msa_sequences: bool,
max_templates: int) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Crops msa sequences to `msa_crop_size`."""
msa_size = chain['num_alignments']
if pair_msa_sequences:
msa_size_all_seq = chain['num_alignments_all_seq']
msa_crop_size_all_seq = np.minimum(msa_size_all_seq, msa_crop_size // 2)
# We reduce the number of un-paired sequences, by the number of times a
# sequence from this chain's MSA is included in the paired MSA. This keeps
# the MSA size for each chain roughly constant.
msa_all_seq = chain['msa_all_seq'][:msa_crop_size_all_seq, :]
num_non_gapped_pairs = np.sum(
np.any(msa_all_seq != msa_pairing.MSA_GAP_IDX, axis=1))
num_non_gapped_pairs = np.minimum(num_non_gapped_pairs,
msa_crop_size_all_seq)
# Restrict the unpaired crop size so that paired+unpaired sequences do not
# exceed msa_seqs_per_chain for each chain.
max_msa_crop_size = np.maximum(msa_crop_size - num_non_gapped_pairs, 0)
msa_crop_size = np.minimum(msa_size, max_msa_crop_size)
else:
msa_crop_size = np.minimum(msa_size, msa_crop_size)
include_templates = 'template_aatype' in chain and max_templates
if include_templates:
num_templates = chain['template_aatype'].shape[0]
templates_crop_size = np.minimum(num_templates, max_templates)
for k in chain:
k_split = k.split('_all_seq')[0]
if k_split in msa_pairing.TEMPLATE_FEATURES:
chain[k] = chain[k][:templates_crop_size, :]
elif k_split in msa_pairing.MSA_FEATURES:
if '_all_seq' in k and pair_msa_sequences:
chain[k] = chain[k][:msa_crop_size_all_seq, :]
else:
chain[k] = chain[k][:msa_crop_size, :]
chain['num_alignments'] = np.asarray(msa_crop_size, dtype=np.int32)
if include_templates:
chain['num_templates'] = np.asarray(templates_crop_size, dtype=np.int32)
if pair_msa_sequences:
chain['num_alignments_all_seq'] = np.asarray(
msa_crop_size_all_seq, dtype=np.int32)
return chain
def process_final(np_example: pipeline.FeatureDict) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Final processing steps in data pipeline, after merging and pairing."""
np_example = _correct_msa_restypes(np_example)
np_example = _make_seq_mask(np_example)
np_example = _make_msa_mask(np_example)
np_example = _filter_features(np_example)
return np_example
def _correct_msa_restypes(np_example):
"""Correct MSA restype to have the same order as residue_constants."""
new_order_list = residue_constants.MAP_HHBLITS_AATYPE_TO_OUR_AATYPE
np_example['msa'] = np.take(new_order_list, np_example['msa'], axis=0)
np_example['msa'] = np_example['msa'].astype(np.int32)
return np_example
def _make_seq_mask(np_example):
np_example['seq_mask'] = (np_example['entity_id'] > 0).astype(np.float32)
return np_example
def _make_msa_mask(np_example):
"""Mask features are all ones, but will later be zero-padded."""
np_example['msa_mask'] = np.ones_like(np_example['msa'], dtype=np.float32)
seq_mask = (np_example['entity_id'] > 0).astype(np.float32)
np_example['msa_mask'] *= seq_mask[None]
return np_example
def _filter_features(np_example: pipeline.FeatureDict) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Filters features of example to only those requested."""
return {k: v for (k, v) in np_example.items() if k in REQUIRED_FEATURES}
def process_unmerged_features(
all_chain_features: MutableMapping[str, pipeline.FeatureDict]):
"""Postprocessing stage for per-chain features before merging."""
num_chains = len(all_chain_features)
for chain_features in all_chain_features.values():
# Convert deletion matrices to float.
chain_features['deletion_matrix'] = np.asarray(
chain_features.pop('deletion_matrix_int'), dtype=np.float32)
if 'deletion_matrix_int_all_seq' in chain_features:
chain_features['deletion_matrix_all_seq'] = np.asarray(
chain_features.pop('deletion_matrix_int_all_seq'), dtype=np.float32)
chain_features['deletion_mean'] = np.mean(
chain_features['deletion_matrix'], axis=0)
# Add all_atom_mask and dummy all_atom_positions based on aatype.
all_atom_mask = residue_constants.STANDARD_ATOM_MASK[
chain_features['aatype']]
chain_features['all_atom_mask'] = all_atom_mask
chain_features['all_atom_positions'] = np.zeros(
list(all_atom_mask.shape) + [3])
# Add assembly_num_chains.
chain_features['assembly_num_chains'] = np.asarray(num_chains)
# Add entity_mask.
for chain_features in all_chain_features.values():
chain_features['entity_mask'] = (
chain_features['entity_id'] != 0).astype(np.int32)
alphafold/data/mmcif_parsing.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Parses the mmCIF file format."""
import collections
import dataclasses
import functools
import io
from typing import Any, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
from absl import logging
from Bio import PDB
from Bio.Data import SCOPData
# Type aliases:
ChainId = str
PdbHeader = Mapping[str, Any]
PdbStructure = PDB.Structure.Structure
SeqRes = str
MmCIFDict = Mapping[str, Sequence[str]]
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class Monomer:
id: str
num: int
# Note - mmCIF format provides no guarantees on the type of author-assigned
# sequence numbers. They need not be integers.
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class AtomSite:
residue_name: str
author_chain_id: str
mmcif_chain_id: str
author_seq_num: str
mmcif_seq_num: int
insertion_code: str
hetatm_atom: str
model_num: int
# Used to map SEQRES index to a residue in the structure.
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class ResiduePosition:
chain_id: str
residue_number: int
insertion_code: str
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class ResidueAtPosition:
position: Optional[ResiduePosition]
name: str
is_missing: bool
hetflag: str
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class MmcifObject:
"""Representation of a parsed mmCIF file.
Contains:
file_id: A meaningful name, e.g. a pdb_id. Should be unique amongst all
files being processed.
header: Biopython header.
structure: Biopython structure.
chain_to_seqres: Dict mapping chain_id to 1 letter amino acid sequence. E.g.
{'A': 'ABCDEFG'}
seqres_to_structure: Dict; for each chain_id contains a mapping between
SEQRES index and a ResidueAtPosition. e.g. {'A': {0: ResidueAtPosition,
1: ResidueAtPosition,
...}}
raw_string: The raw string used to construct the MmcifObject.
"""
file_id: str
header: PdbHeader
structure: PdbStructure
chain_to_seqres: Mapping[ChainId, SeqRes]
seqres_to_structure: Mapping[ChainId, Mapping[int, ResidueAtPosition]]
raw_string: Any
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class ParsingResult:
"""Returned by the parse function.
Contains:
mmcif_object: A MmcifObject, may be None if no chain could be successfully
parsed.
errors: A dict mapping (file_id, chain_id) to any exception generated.
"""
mmcif_object: Optional[MmcifObject]
errors: Mapping[Tuple[str, str], Any]
class ParseError(Exception):
"""An error indicating that an mmCIF file could not be parsed."""
def mmcif_loop_to_list(prefix: str,
parsed_info: MmCIFDict) -> Sequence[Mapping[str, str]]:
"""Extracts loop associated with a prefix from mmCIF data as a list.
Reference for loop_ in mmCIF:
http://mmcif.wwpdb.org/docs/tutorials/mechanics/pdbx-mmcif-syntax.html
Args:
prefix: Prefix shared by each of the data items in the loop.
e.g. '_entity_poly_seq.', where the data items are _entity_poly_seq.num,
_entity_poly_seq.mon_id. Should include the trailing period.
parsed_info: A dict of parsed mmCIF data, e.g. _mmcif_dict from a Biopython
parser.
Returns:
Returns a list of dicts; each dict represents 1 entry from an mmCIF loop.
"""
cols = []
data = []
for key, value in parsed_info.items():
if key.startswith(prefix):
cols.append(key)
data.append(value)
assert all([len(xs) == len(data[0]) for xs in data]), (
'mmCIF error: Not all loops are the same length: %s' % cols)
return [dict(zip(cols, xs)) for xs in zip(*data)]
def mmcif_loop_to_dict(prefix: str,
index: str,
parsed_info: MmCIFDict,
) -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
"""Extracts loop associated with a prefix from mmCIF data as a dictionary.
Args:
prefix: Prefix shared by each of the data items in the loop.
e.g. '_entity_poly_seq.', where the data items are _entity_poly_seq.num,
_entity_poly_seq.mon_id. Should include the trailing period.
index: Which item of loop data should serve as the key.
parsed_info: A dict of parsed mmCIF data, e.g. _mmcif_dict from a Biopython
parser.
Returns:
Returns a dict of dicts; each dict represents 1 entry from an mmCIF loop,
indexed by the index column.
"""
entries = mmcif_loop_to_list(prefix, parsed_info)
return {entry[index]: entry for entry in entries}
@functools.lru_cache(16, typed=False)
def parse(*,
file_id: str,
mmcif_string: str,
catch_all_errors: bool = True) -> ParsingResult:
"""Entry point, parses an mmcif_string.
Args:
file_id: A string identifier for this file. Should be unique within the
collection of files being processed.
mmcif_string: Contents of an mmCIF file.
catch_all_errors: If True, all exceptions are caught and error messages are
returned as part of the ParsingResult. If False exceptions will be allowed
to propagate.
Returns:
A ParsingResult.
"""
errors = {}
try:
parser = PDB.MMCIFParser(QUIET=True)
handle = io.StringIO(mmcif_string)
full_structure = parser.get_structure('', handle)
first_model_structure = _get_first_model(full_structure)
# Extract the _mmcif_dict from the parser, which contains useful fields not
# reflected in the Biopython structure.
parsed_info = parser._mmcif_dict # pylint:disable=protected-access
# Ensure all values are lists, even if singletons.
for key, value in parsed_info.items():
if not isinstance(value, list):
parsed_info[key] = [value]
header = _get_header(parsed_info)
# Determine the protein chains, and their start numbers according to the
# internal mmCIF numbering scheme (likely but not guaranteed to be 1).
valid_chains = _get_protein_chains(parsed_info=parsed_info)
if not valid_chains:
return ParsingResult(
None, {(file_id, ''): 'No protein chains found in this file.'})
seq_start_num = {chain_id: min([monomer.num for monomer in seq])
for chain_id, seq in valid_chains.items()}
# Loop over the atoms for which we have coordinates. Populate two mappings:
# -mmcif_to_author_chain_id (maps internal mmCIF chain ids to chain ids used
# the authors / Biopython).
# -seq_to_structure_mappings (maps idx into sequence to ResidueAtPosition).
mmcif_to_author_chain_id = {}
seq_to_structure_mappings = {}
for atom in _get_atom_site_list(parsed_info):
if atom.model_num != '1':
# We only process the first model at the moment.
continue
mmcif_to_author_chain_id[atom.mmcif_chain_id] = atom.author_chain_id
if atom.mmcif_chain_id in valid_chains:
hetflag = ' '
if atom.hetatm_atom == 'HETATM':
# Water atoms are assigned a special hetflag of W in Biopython. We
# need to do the same, so that this hetflag can be used to fetch
# a residue from the Biopython structure by id.
if atom.residue_name in ('HOH', 'WAT'):
hetflag = 'W'
else:
hetflag = 'H_' + atom.residue_name
insertion_code = atom.insertion_code
if not _is_set(atom.insertion_code):
insertion_code = ' '
position = ResiduePosition(chain_id=atom.author_chain_id,
residue_number=int(atom.author_seq_num),
insertion_code=insertion_code)
seq_idx = int(atom.mmcif_seq_num) - seq_start_num[atom.mmcif_chain_id]
current = seq_to_structure_mappings.get(atom.author_chain_id, {})
current[seq_idx] = ResidueAtPosition(position=position,
name=atom.residue_name,
is_missing=False,
hetflag=hetflag)
seq_to_structure_mappings[atom.author_chain_id] = current
# Add missing residue information to seq_to_structure_mappings.
for chain_id, seq_info in valid_chains.items():
author_chain = mmcif_to_author_chain_id[chain_id]
current_mapping = seq_to_structure_mappings[author_chain]
for idx, monomer in enumerate(seq_info):
if idx not in current_mapping:
current_mapping[idx] = ResidueAtPosition(position=None,
name=monomer.id,
is_missing=True,
hetflag=' ')
author_chain_to_sequence = {}
for chain_id, seq_info in valid_chains.items():
author_chain = mmcif_to_author_chain_id[chain_id]
seq = []
for monomer in seq_info:
code = SCOPData.protein_letters_3to1.get(monomer.id, 'X')
seq.append(code if len(code) == 1 else 'X')
seq = ''.join(seq)
author_chain_to_sequence[author_chain] = seq
mmcif_object = MmcifObject(
file_id=file_id,
header=header,
structure=first_model_structure,
chain_to_seqres=author_chain_to_sequence,
seqres_to_structure=seq_to_structure_mappings,
raw_string=parsed_info)
return ParsingResult(mmcif_object=mmcif_object, errors=errors)
except Exception as e: # pylint:disable=broad-except
errors[(file_id, '')] = e
if not catch_all_errors:
raise
return ParsingResult(mmcif_object=None, errors=errors)
def _get_first_model(structure: PdbStructure) -> PdbStructure:
"""Returns the first model in a Biopython structure."""
return next(structure.get_models())
_MIN_LENGTH_OF_CHAIN_TO_BE_COUNTED_AS_PEPTIDE = 21
def get_release_date(parsed_info: MmCIFDict) -> str:
"""Returns the oldest revision date."""
revision_dates = parsed_info['_pdbx_audit_revision_history.revision_date']
return min(revision_dates)
def _get_header(parsed_info: MmCIFDict) -> PdbHeader:
"""Returns a basic header containing method, release date and resolution."""
header = {}
experiments = mmcif_loop_to_list('_exptl.', parsed_info)
header['structure_method'] = ','.join([
experiment['_exptl.method'].lower() for experiment in experiments])
# Note: The release_date here corresponds to the oldest revision. We prefer to
# use this for dataset filtering over the deposition_date.
if '_pdbx_audit_revision_history.revision_date' in parsed_info:
header['release_date'] = get_release_date(parsed_info)
else:
logging.warning('Could not determine release_date: %s',
parsed_info['_entry.id'])
header['resolution'] = 0.00
for res_key in ('_refine.ls_d_res_high', '_em_3d_reconstruction.resolution',
'_reflns.d_resolution_high'):
if res_key in parsed_info:
try:
raw_resolution = parsed_info[res_key][0]
header['resolution'] = float(raw_resolution)
except ValueError:
logging.debug('Invalid resolution format: %s', parsed_info[res_key])
return header
def _get_atom_site_list(parsed_info: MmCIFDict) -> Sequence[AtomSite]:
"""Returns list of atom sites; contains data not present in the structure."""
return [AtomSite(*site) for site in zip( # pylint:disable=g-complex-comprehension
parsed_info['_atom_site.label_comp_id'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.auth_asym_id'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.label_asym_id'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.auth_seq_id'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.label_seq_id'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.pdbx_PDB_ins_code'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.group_PDB'],
parsed_info['_atom_site.pdbx_PDB_model_num'],
)]
def _get_protein_chains(
*, parsed_info: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Mapping[ChainId, Sequence[Monomer]]:
"""Extracts polymer information for protein chains only.
Args:
parsed_info: _mmcif_dict produced by the Biopython parser.
Returns:
A dict mapping mmcif chain id to a list of Monomers.
"""
# Get polymer information for each entity in the structure.
entity_poly_seqs = mmcif_loop_to_list('_entity_poly_seq.', parsed_info)
polymers = collections.defaultdict(list)
for entity_poly_seq in entity_poly_seqs:
polymers[entity_poly_seq['_entity_poly_seq.entity_id']].append(
Monomer(id=entity_poly_seq['_entity_poly_seq.mon_id'],
num=int(entity_poly_seq['_entity_poly_seq.num'])))
# Get chemical compositions. Will allow us to identify which of these polymers
# are proteins.
chem_comps = mmcif_loop_to_dict('_chem_comp.', '_chem_comp.id', parsed_info)
# Get chains information for each entity. Necessary so that we can return a
# dict keyed on chain id rather than entity.
struct_asyms = mmcif_loop_to_list('_struct_asym.', parsed_info)
entity_to_mmcif_chains = collections.defaultdict(list)
for struct_asym in struct_asyms:
chain_id = struct_asym['_struct_asym.id']
entity_id = struct_asym['_struct_asym.entity_id']
entity_to_mmcif_chains[entity_id].append(chain_id)
# Identify and return the valid protein chains.
valid_chains = {}
for entity_id, seq_info in polymers.items():
chain_ids = entity_to_mmcif_chains[entity_id]
# Reject polymers without any peptide-like components, such as DNA/RNA.
if any(['peptide' in chem_comps[monomer.id]['_chem_comp.type']
for monomer in seq_info]):
for chain_id in chain_ids:
valid_chains[chain_id] = seq_info
return valid_chains
def _is_set(data: str) -> bool:
"""Returns False if data is a special mmCIF character indicating 'unset'."""
return data not in ('.', '?')
alphafold/data/msa_identifiers.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Utilities for extracting identifiers from MSA sequence descriptions."""
import dataclasses
import re
from typing import Optional
# Sequences coming from UniProtKB database come in the
# `db|UniqueIdentifier|EntryName` format, e.g. `tr|A0A146SKV9|A0A146SKV9_FUNHE`
# or `sp|P0C2L1|A3X1_LOXLA` (for TREMBL/Swiss-Prot respectively).
_UNIPROT_PATTERN = re.compile(
r"""
^
# UniProtKB/TrEMBL or UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
(?:tr|sp)
\|
# A primary accession number of the UniProtKB entry.
(?P<AccessionIdentifier>[A-Za-z0-9]{6,10})
# Occasionally there is a _0 or _1 isoform suffix, which we ignore.
(?:_\d)?
\|
# TREMBL repeats the accession ID here. Swiss-Prot has a mnemonic
# protein ID code.
(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)
_
# A mnemonic species identification code.
(?P<SpeciesIdentifier>([A-Za-z0-9]){1,5})
# Small BFD uses a final value after an underscore, which we ignore.
(?:_\d+)?
$
""",
re.VERBOSE)
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class Identifiers:
species_id: str = ''
def _parse_sequence_identifier(msa_sequence_identifier: str) -> Identifiers:
"""Gets species from an msa sequence identifier.
The sequence identifier has the format specified by
_UNIPROT_TREMBL_ENTRY_NAME_PATTERN or _UNIPROT_SWISSPROT_ENTRY_NAME_PATTERN.
An example of a sequence identifier: `tr|A0A146SKV9|A0A146SKV9_FUNHE`
Args:
msa_sequence_identifier: a sequence identifier.
Returns:
An `Identifiers` instance with species_id. These
can be empty in the case where no identifier was found.
"""
matches = re.search(_UNIPROT_PATTERN, msa_sequence_identifier.strip())
if matches:
return Identifiers(
species_id=matches.group('SpeciesIdentifier'))
return Identifiers()
def _extract_sequence_identifier(description: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""Extracts sequence identifier from description. Returns None if no match."""
split_description = description.split()
if split_description:
return split_description[0].partition('/')[0]
else:
return None
def get_identifiers(description: str) -> Identifiers:
"""Computes extra MSA features from the description."""
sequence_identifier = _extract_sequence_identifier(description)
if sequence_identifier is None:
return Identifiers()
else:
return _parse_sequence_identifier(sequence_identifier)
alphafold/data/msa_pairing.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 3972a903
# Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Pairing logic for multimer data pipeline."""
import collections
import functools
import string
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Sequence
from alphafold.common import residue_constants
from alphafold.data import pipeline
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import scipy.linalg
MSA_GAP_IDX = residue_constants.restypes_with_x_and_gap.index('-')
SEQUENCE_GAP_CUTOFF = 0.5
SEQUENCE_SIMILARITY_CUTOFF = 0.9
MSA_PAD_VALUES = {'msa_all_seq': MSA_GAP_IDX,
'msa_mask_all_seq': 1,
'deletion_matrix_all_seq': 0,
'deletion_matrix_int_all_seq': 0,
'msa': MSA_GAP_IDX,
'msa_mask': 1,
'deletion_matrix': 0,
'deletion_matrix_int': 0}
MSA_FEATURES = ('msa', 'msa_mask', 'deletion_matrix', 'deletion_matrix_int')
SEQ_FEATURES = ('residue_index', 'aatype', 'all_atom_positions',
'all_atom_mask', 'seq_mask', 'between_segment_residues',
'has_alt_locations', 'has_hetatoms', 'asym_id', 'entity_id',
'sym_id', 'entity_mask', 'deletion_mean',
'prediction_atom_mask',
'literature_positions', 'atom_indices_to_group_indices',
'rigid_group_default_frame')
TEMPLATE_FEATURES = ('template_aatype', 'template_all_atom_positions',
'template_all_atom_mask')
CHAIN_FEATURES = ('num_alignments', 'seq_length')
def create_paired_features(
chains: Iterable[pipeline.FeatureDict]) -> List[pipeline.FeatureDict]:
"""Returns the original chains with paired NUM_SEQ features.
Args:
chains: A list of feature dictionaries for each chain.
Returns:
A list of feature dictionaries with sequence features including only
rows to be paired.
"""
chains = list(chains)
chain_keys = chains[0].keys()
if len(chains) < 2:
return chains
else:
updated_chains = []
paired_chains_to_paired_row_indices = pair_sequences(chains)
paired_rows = reorder_paired_rows(
paired_chains_to_paired_row_indices)
for chain_num, chain in enumerate(chains):
new_chain = {k: v for k, v in chain.items() if '_all_seq' not in k}
for feature_name in chain_keys:
if feature_name.endswith('_all_seq'):
feats_padded = pad_features(chain[feature_name], feature_name)
new_chain[feature_name] = feats_padded[paired_rows[:, chain_num]]
new_chain['num_alignments_all_seq'] = np.asarray(
len(paired_rows[:, chain_num]))
updated_chains.append(new_chain)
return updated_chains
def pad_features(feature: np.ndarray, feature_name: str) -> np.ndarray:
"""Add a 'padding' row at the end of the features list.
The padding row will be selected as a 'paired' row in the case of partial
alignment - for the chain that doesn't have paired alignment.
Args:
feature: The feature to be padded.
feature_name: The name of the feature to be padded.
Returns:
The feature with an additional padding row.
"""
assert feature.dtype != np.dtype(np.string_)
if feature_name in ('msa_all_seq', 'msa_mask_all_seq',
'deletion_matrix_all_seq', 'deletion_matrix_int_all_seq'):
num_res = feature.shape[1]
padding = MSA_PAD_VALUES[feature_name] * np.ones([1, num_res],
feature.dtype)
elif feature_name == 'msa_species_identifiers_all_seq':
padding = [b'']
else:
return feature
feats_padded = np.concatenate([feature, padding], axis=0)
return feats_padded
def _make_msa_df(chain_features: pipeline.FeatureDict) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""Makes dataframe with msa features needed for msa pairing."""
chain_msa = chain_features['msa_all_seq']
query_seq = chain_msa[0]
per_seq_similarity = np.sum(
query_seq[None] == chain_msa, axis=-1) / float(len(query_seq))
per_seq_gap = np.sum(chain_msa == 21, axis=-1) / float(len(query_seq))
msa_df = pd.DataFrame({
'msa_species_identifiers':
chain_features['msa_species_identifiers_all_seq'],
'msa_row':
np.arange(len(
chain_features['msa_species_identifiers_all_seq'])),
'msa_similarity': per_seq_similarity,
'gap': per_seq_gap
})
return msa_df
def _create_species_dict(msa_df: pd.DataFrame) -> Dict[bytes, pd.DataFrame]:
"""Creates mapping from species to msa dataframe of that species."""
species_lookup = {}
for species, species_df in msa_df.groupby('msa_species_identifiers'):
species_lookup[species] = species_df
return species_lookup
def _match_rows_by_sequence_similarity(this_species_msa_dfs: List[pd.DataFrame]
) -> List[List[int]]:
"""Finds MSA sequence pairings across chains based on sequence similarity.
Each chain's MSA sequences are first sorted by their sequence similarity to
their respective target sequence. The sequences are then paired, starting
from the sequences most similar to their target sequence.
Args:
this_species_msa_dfs: a list of dataframes containing MSA features for
sequences for a specific species.
Returns:
A list of lists, each containing M indices corresponding to paired MSA rows,
where M is the number of chains.
"""
all_paired_msa_rows = []
num_seqs = [len(species_df) for species_df in this_species_msa_dfs
if species_df is not None]
take_num_seqs = np.min(num_seqs)
sort_by_similarity = (
lambda x: x.sort_values('msa_similarity', axis=0, ascending=False))
for species_df in this_species_msa_dfs:
if species_df is not None:
species_df_sorted = sort_by_similarity(species_df)
msa_rows = species_df_sorted.msa_row.iloc[:take_num_seqs].values
else:
msa_rows = [-1] * take_num_seqs # take the last 'padding' row
all_paired_msa_rows.append(msa_rows)
all_paired_msa_rows = list(np.array(all_paired_msa_rows).transpose())
return all_paired_msa_rows
def pair_sequences(examples: List[pipeline.FeatureDict]
) -> Dict[int, np.ndarray]:
"""Returns indices for paired MSA sequences across chains."""
num_examples = len(examples)
all_chain_species_dict = []
common_species = set()
for chain_features in examples:
msa_df = _make_msa_df(chain_features)
species_dict = _create_species_dict(msa_df)
all_chain_species_dict.append(species_dict)
common_species.update(set(species_dict))
common_species = sorted(common_species)
common_species.remove(b'') # Remove target sequence species.
all_paired_msa_rows = [np.zeros(len(examples), int)]
all_paired_msa_rows_dict = {k: [] for k in range(num_examples)}
all_paired_msa_rows_dict[num_examples] = [np.zeros(len(examples), int)]
for species in common_species:
if not species:
continue
this_species_msa_dfs = []
species_dfs_present = 0
for species_dict in all_chain_species_dict:
if species in species_dict:
this_species_msa_dfs.append(species_dict[species])
species_dfs_present += 1
else:
this_species_msa_dfs.append(None)
# Skip species that are present in only one chain.
if species_dfs_present <= 1:
continue
if np.any(
np.array([len(species_df) for species_df in
this_species_msa_dfs if
isinstance(species_df, pd.DataFrame)]) > 600):
continue
paired_msa_rows = _match_rows_by_sequence_similarity(this_species_msa_dfs)
all_paired_msa_rows.extend(paired_msa_rows)
all_paired_msa_rows_dict[species_dfs_present].extend(paired_msa_rows)
all_paired_msa_rows_dict = {
num_examples: np.array(paired_msa_rows) for
num_examples, paired_msa_rows in all_paired_msa_rows_dict.items()
}
return all_paired_msa_rows_dict
def reorder_paired_rows(all_paired_msa_rows_dict: Dict[int, np.ndarray]
) -> np.ndarray:
"""Creates a list of indices of paired MSA rows across chains.
Args:
all_paired_msa_rows_dict: a mapping from the number of paired chains to the
paired indices.
Returns:
a list of lists, each containing indices of paired MSA rows across chains.
The paired-index lists are ordered by:
1) the number of chains in the paired alignment, i.e, all-chain pairings
will come first.
2) e-values
"""
all_paired_msa_rows = []
for num_pairings in sorted(all_paired_msa_rows_dict, reverse=True):
paired_rows = all_paired_msa_rows_dict[num_pairings]
paired_rows_product = abs(np.array([np.prod(rows) for rows in paired_rows]))
paired_rows_sort_index = np.argsort(paired_rows_product)
all_paired_msa_rows.extend(paired_rows[paired_rows_sort_index])
return np.array(all_paired_msa_rows)
def block_diag(*arrs: np.ndarray, pad_value: float = 0.0) -> np.ndarray:
"""Like scipy.linalg.block_diag but with an optional padding value."""
ones_arrs = [np.ones_like(x) for x in arrs]
off_diag_mask = 1.0 - scipy.linalg.block_diag(*ones_arrs)
diag = scipy.linalg.block_diag(*arrs)
diag += (off_diag_mask * pad_value).astype(diag.dtype)
return diag
def _correct_post_merged_feats(
np_example: pipeline.FeatureDict,
np_chains_list: Sequence[pipeline.FeatureDict],
pair_msa_sequences: bool) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Adds features that need to be computed/recomputed post merging."""
np_example['seq_length'] = np.asarray(np_example['aatype'].shape[0],
dtype=np.int32)
np_example['num_alignments'] = np.asarray(np_example['msa'].shape[0],
dtype=np.int32)
if not pair_msa_sequences:
# Generate a bias that is 1 for the first row of every block in the
# block diagonal MSA - i.e. make sure the cluster stack always includes
# the query sequences for each chain (since the first row is the query
# sequence).
cluster_bias_masks = []
for chain in np_chains_list:
mask = np.zeros(chain['msa'].shape[0])
mask[0] = 1
cluster_bias_masks.append(mask)
np_example['cluster_bias_mask'] = np.concatenate(cluster_bias_masks)
# Initialize Bert mask with masked out off diagonals.
msa_masks = [np.ones(x['msa'].shape, dtype=np.float32)
for x in np_chains_list]
np_example['bert_mask'] = block_diag(
*msa_masks, pad_value=0)
else:
np_example['cluster_bias_mask'] = np.zeros(np_example['msa'].shape[0])
np_example['cluster_bias_mask'][0] = 1
# Initialize Bert mask with masked out off diagonals.
msa_masks = [np.ones(x['msa'].shape, dtype=np.float32) for
x in np_chains_list]
msa_masks_all_seq = [np.ones(x['msa_all_seq'].shape, dtype=np.float32) for
x in np_chains_list]
msa_mask_block_diag = block_diag(
*msa_masks, pad_value=0)
msa_mask_all_seq = np.concatenate(msa_masks_all_seq, axis=1)
np_example['bert_mask'] = np.concatenate(
[msa_mask_all_seq, msa_mask_block_diag], axis=0)
return np_example
def _pad_templates(chains: Sequence[pipeline.FeatureDict],
max_templates: int) -> Sequence[pipeline.FeatureDict]:
"""For each chain pad the number of templates to a fixed size.
Args:
chains: A list of protein chains.
max_templates: Each chain will be padded to have this many templates.
Returns:
The list of chains, updated to have template features padded to
max_templates.
"""
for chain in chains:
for k, v in chain.items():
if k in TEMPLATE_FEATURES:
padding = np.zeros_like(v.shape)
padding[0] = max_templates - v.shape[0]
padding = [(0, p) for p in padding]
chain[k] = np.pad(v, padding, mode='constant')
return chains
def _merge_features_from_multiple_chains(
chains: Sequence[pipeline.FeatureDict],
pair_msa_sequences: bool) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Merge features from multiple chains.
Args:
chains: A list of feature dictionaries that we want to merge.
pair_msa_sequences: Whether to concatenate MSA features along the
num_res dimension (if True), or to block diagonalize them (if False).
Returns:
A feature dictionary for the merged example.
"""
merged_example = {}
for feature_name in chains[0]:
feats = [x[feature_name] for x in chains]
feature_name_split = feature_name.split('_all_seq')[0]
if feature_name_split in MSA_FEATURES:
if pair_msa_sequences or '_all_seq' in feature_name:
merged_example[feature_name] = np.concatenate(feats, axis=1)
else:
merged_example[feature_name] = block_diag(
*feats, pad_value=MSA_PAD_VALUES[feature_name])
elif feature_name_split in SEQ_FEATURES:
merged_example[feature_name] = np.concatenate(feats, axis=0)
elif feature_name_split in TEMPLATE_FEATURES:
merged_example[feature_name] = np.concatenate(feats, axis=1)
elif feature_name_split in CHAIN_FEATURES:
merged_example[feature_name] = np.sum(x for x in feats).astype(np.int32)
else:
merged_example[feature_name] = feats[0]
return merged_example
def _merge_homomers_dense_msa(
chains: Iterable[pipeline.FeatureDict]) -> Sequence[pipeline.FeatureDict]:
"""Merge all identical chains, making the resulting MSA dense.
Args:
chains: An iterable of features for each chain.
Returns:
A list of feature dictionaries. All features with the same entity_id
will be merged - MSA features will be concatenated along the num_res
dimension - making them dense.
"""
entity_chains = collections.defaultdict(list)
for chain in chains:
entity_id = chain['entity_id'][0]
entity_chains[entity_id].append(chain)
grouped_chains = []
for entity_id in sorted(entity_chains):
chains = entity_chains[entity_id]
grouped_chains.append(chains)
chains = [
_merge_features_from_multiple_chains(chains, pair_msa_sequences=True)
for chains in grouped_chains]
return chains
def _concatenate_paired_and_unpaired_features(
example: pipeline.FeatureDict) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Merges paired and block-diagonalised features."""
features = MSA_FEATURES
for feature_name in features:
if feature_name in example:
feat = example[feature_name]
feat_all_seq = example[feature_name + '_all_seq']
merged_feat = np.concatenate([feat_all_seq, feat], axis=0)
example[feature_name] = merged_feat
example['num_alignments'] = np.array(example['msa'].shape[0],
dtype=np.int32)
return example
def merge_chain_features(np_chains_list: List[pipeline.FeatureDict],
pair_msa_sequences: bool,
max_templates: int) -> pipeline.FeatureDict:
"""Merges features for multiple chains to single FeatureDict.
Args:
np_chains_list: List of FeatureDicts for each chain.
pair_msa_sequences: Whether to merge paired MSAs.
max_templates: The maximum number of templates to include.
Returns:
Single FeatureDict for entire complex.
"""
np_chains_list = _pad_templates(
np_chains_list, max_templates=max_templates)
np_chains_list = _merge_homomers_dense_msa(np_chains_list)
# Unpaired MSA features will be always block-diagonalised; paired MSA
# features will be concatenated.
np_example = _merge_features_from_multiple_chains(
np_chains_list, pair_msa_sequences=False)
if pair_msa_sequences:
np_example = _concatenate_paired_and_unpaired_features(np_example)
np_example = _correct_post_merged_feats(
np_example=np_example,
np_chains_list=np_chains_list,
pair_msa_sequences=pair_msa_sequences)
return np_example
def deduplicate_unpaired_sequences(
np_chains: List[pipeline.FeatureDict]) -> List[pipeline.FeatureDict]:
"""Removes unpaired sequences which duplicate a paired sequence."""
feature_names = np_chains[0].keys()
msa_features = MSA_FEATURES
for chain in np_chains:
# Convert the msa_all_seq numpy array to a tuple for hashing.
sequence_set = set(tuple(s) for s in chain['msa_all_seq'])
keep_rows = []
# Go through unpaired MSA seqs and remove any rows that correspond to the
# sequences that are already present in the paired MSA.
for row_num, seq in enumerate(chain['msa']):
if tuple(seq) not in sequence_set:
keep_rows.append(row_num)
for feature_name in feature_names:
if feature_name in msa_features:
chain[feature_name] = chain[feature_name][keep_rows]
chain['num_alignments'] = np.array(chain['msa'].shape[0], dtype=np.int32)
return np_chains
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