test_jitclasses.py

import ctypes
import itertools
import pickle
import random
import typing as pt
import unittest

from collections import OrderedDict

import numpy as np
from numba import (boolean, deferred_type, float32, float64, int16, int32,
                   njit, optional, typeof)
from numba.core import errors, types
from numba.core.dispatcher import Dispatcher
from numba.core.errors import LoweringError, TypingError
from numba.core.runtime.nrt import MemInfo
from numba.experimental import jitclass
from numba.experimental.jitclass import _box
from numba.experimental.jitclass.base import JitClassType
from numba.tests.support import MemoryLeakMixin, TestCase, skip_if_typeguard
from numba.tests.support import skip_unless_scipy


class TestClass1(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z=1, *, a=5):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.z = z
        self.a = a


class TestClass2(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z=1, *args, a=5):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.z = z
        self.args = args
        self.a = a


def _get_meminfo(box):
    ptr = _box.box_get_meminfoptr(box)
    mi = MemInfo(ptr)
    mi.acquire()
    return mi


class TestJitClass(TestCase, MemoryLeakMixin):

    def _check_spec(self, spec=None, test_cls=None, all_expected=None):
        if test_cls is None:
            @jitclass(spec)
            class Test(object):

                def __init__(self):
                    pass
            test_cls = Test

        clsty = test_cls.class_type.instance_type
        names = list(clsty.struct.keys())
        values = list(clsty.struct.values())

        if all_expected is None:
            if isinstance(spec, OrderedDict):
                all_expected = spec.items()
            else:
                all_expected = spec

        assert all_expected is not None

        self.assertEqual(len(names), len(all_expected))
        for got, expected in zip(zip(names, values), all_expected):
            self.assertEqual(got[0], expected[0])
            self.assertEqual(got[1], expected[1])

    def test_ordereddict_spec(self):
        spec = OrderedDict()
        spec["x"] = int32
        spec["y"] = float32
        self._check_spec(spec)

    def test_list_spec(self):
        spec = [("x", int32),
                ("y", float32)]
        self._check_spec(spec)

    def test_type_annotations(self):
        spec = [("x", int32)]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Test1(object):
            x: int
            y: pt.List[float]

            def __init__(self):
                pass

        self._check_spec(spec, Test1, spec + [("y", types.ListType(float64))])

    def test_type_annotation_inheritance(self):

        class Foo:
            x: int

        @jitclass
        class Bar(Foo):
            y: float

            def __init__(self, value: float) -> None:
                self.x = int(value)
                self.y = value

        self._check_spec(
            test_cls=Bar, all_expected=[("x", typeof(0)), ("y", typeof(0.0))]
        )

    def test_spec_errors(self):
        spec1 = [("x", int), ("y", float32[:])]
        spec2 = [(1, int32), ("y", float32[:])]

        class Test(object):

            def __init__(self):
                pass

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            jitclass(Test, spec1)
        self.assertIn("spec values should be Numba type instances",
                      str(raises.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            jitclass(Test, spec2)
        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception),
                         "spec keys should be strings, got 1")

    def test_init_errors(self):

        @jitclass([])
        class Test:
            def __init__(self):
                return 7

        with self.assertRaises(errors.TypingError) as raises:
            Test()

        self.assertIn("__init__() should return None, not",
                      str(raises.exception))

    def _make_Float2AndArray(self):
        spec = OrderedDict()
        spec["x"] = float32
        spec["y"] = float32
        spec["arr"] = float32[:]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Float2AndArray(object):

            def __init__(self, x, y, arr):
                self.x = x
                self.y = y
                self.arr = arr

            def add(self, val):
                self.x += val
                self.y += val
                return val

        return Float2AndArray

    def _make_Vector2(self):
        spec = OrderedDict()
        spec["x"] = int32
        spec["y"] = int32

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Vector2(object):

            def __init__(self, x, y):
                self.x = x
                self.y = y

        return Vector2

    def test_jit_class_1(self):
        Float2AndArray = self._make_Float2AndArray()
        Vector2 = self._make_Vector2()

        @njit
        def bar(obj):
            return obj.x + obj.y

        @njit
        def foo(a):
            obj = Float2AndArray(1, 2, a)
            obj.add(123)

            vec = Vector2(3, 4)
            return bar(obj), bar(vec), obj.arr

        inp = np.ones(10, dtype=np.float32)
        a, b, c = foo(inp)
        self.assertEqual(a, 123 + 1 + 123 + 2)
        self.assertEqual(b, 3 + 4)
        self.assertPreciseEqual(c, inp)

    def test_jitclass_usage_from_python(self):
        Float2AndArray = self._make_Float2AndArray()

        @njit
        def identity(obj):
            return obj

        @njit
        def retrieve_attributes(obj):
            return obj.x, obj.y, obj.arr

        arr = np.arange(10, dtype=np.float32)
        obj = Float2AndArray(1, 2, arr)
        obj_meminfo = _get_meminfo(obj)
        self.assertEqual(obj_meminfo.refcount, 2)
        self.assertEqual(obj_meminfo.data, _box.box_get_dataptr(obj))
        self.assertEqual(obj._numba_type_.class_type,
                         Float2AndArray.class_type)
        # Use jit class instance in numba
        other = identity(obj)
        other_meminfo = _get_meminfo(other)  # duplicates MemInfo object to obj
        self.assertEqual(obj_meminfo.refcount, 4)
        self.assertEqual(other_meminfo.refcount, 4)
        self.assertEqual(other_meminfo.data, _box.box_get_dataptr(other))
        self.assertEqual(other_meminfo.data, obj_meminfo.data)

        # Check dtor
        del other, other_meminfo
        self.assertEqual(obj_meminfo.refcount, 2)

        # Check attributes
        out_x, out_y, out_arr = retrieve_attributes(obj)
        self.assertEqual(out_x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(out_y, 2)
        self.assertIs(out_arr, arr)

        # Access attributes from python
        self.assertEqual(obj.x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(obj.y, 2)
        self.assertIs(obj.arr, arr)

        # Access methods from python
        self.assertEqual(obj.add(123), 123)
        self.assertEqual(obj.x, 1 + 123)
        self.assertEqual(obj.y, 2 + 123)

        # Setter from python
        obj.x = 333
        obj.y = 444
        obj.arr = newarr = np.arange(5, dtype=np.float32)
        self.assertEqual(obj.x, 333)
        self.assertEqual(obj.y, 444)
        self.assertIs(obj.arr, newarr)

    def test_jitclass_datalayout(self):
        spec = OrderedDict()
        # Boolean has different layout as value vs data
        spec["val"] = boolean

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self, val):
                self.val = val

        self.assertTrue(Foo(True).val)
        self.assertFalse(Foo(False).val)

    def test_deferred_type(self):
        node_type = deferred_type()

        spec = OrderedDict()
        spec["data"] = float32
        spec["next"] = optional(node_type)

        @njit
        def get_data(node):
            return node.data

        @jitclass(spec)
        class LinkedNode(object):

            def __init__(self, data, next):
                self.data = data
                self.next = next

            def get_next_data(self):
                # use deferred type as argument
                return get_data(self.next)

            def append_to_tail(self, other):
                cur = self
                while cur.next is not None:
                    cur = cur.next
                cur.next = other

        node_type.define(LinkedNode.class_type.instance_type)

        first = LinkedNode(123, None)
        self.assertEqual(first.data, 123)
        self.assertIsNone(first.next)

        second = LinkedNode(321, first)

        first_meminfo = _get_meminfo(first)
        second_meminfo = _get_meminfo(second)
        self.assertEqual(first_meminfo.refcount, 3)
        self.assertEqual(second.next.data, first.data)
        self.assertEqual(first_meminfo.refcount, 3)
        self.assertEqual(second_meminfo.refcount, 2)

        # Test using deferred type as argument
        first_val = second.get_next_data()
        self.assertEqual(first_val, first.data)

        # Check setattr (issue #2606)
        self.assertIsNone(first.next)
        second.append_to_tail(LinkedNode(567, None))
        self.assertIsNotNone(first.next)
        self.assertEqual(first.next.data, 567)
        self.assertIsNone(first.next.next)
        second.append_to_tail(LinkedNode(678, None))
        self.assertIsNotNone(first.next.next)
        self.assertEqual(first.next.next.data, 678)

        # Check ownership
        self.assertEqual(first_meminfo.refcount, 3)
        del second, second_meminfo
        self.assertEqual(first_meminfo.refcount, 2)

    def test_c_structure(self):
        spec = OrderedDict()
        spec["a"] = int32
        spec["b"] = int16
        spec["c"] = float64

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Struct(object):

            def __init__(self, a, b, c):
                self.a = a
                self.b = b
                self.c = c

        st = Struct(0xabcd, 0xef, 3.1415)

        class CStruct(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = [
                ("a", ctypes.c_int32),
                ("b", ctypes.c_int16),
                ("c", ctypes.c_double),
            ]

        ptr = ctypes.c_void_p(_box.box_get_dataptr(st))
        cstruct = ctypes.cast(ptr, ctypes.POINTER(CStruct))[0]
        self.assertEqual(cstruct.a, st.a)
        self.assertEqual(cstruct.b, st.b)
        self.assertEqual(cstruct.c, st.c)

    def test_is(self):
        Vector = self._make_Vector2()
        vec_a = Vector(1, 2)

        @njit
        def do_is(a, b):
            return a is b

        with self.assertRaises(LoweringError) as raises:
            # trigger compilation
            do_is(vec_a, vec_a)
        self.assertIn("no default `is` implementation", str(raises.exception))

    def test_isinstance(self):
        Vector2 = self._make_Vector2()
        vec = Vector2(1, 2)
        self.assertIsInstance(vec, Vector2)

    def test_subclassing(self):
        Vector2 = self._make_Vector2()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            class SubV(Vector2):
                pass
        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception),
                         "cannot subclass from a jitclass")

    def test_base_class(self):
        class Base(object):

            def what(self):
                return self.attr

        @jitclass([("attr", int32)])
        class Test(Base):

            def __init__(self, attr):
                self.attr = attr

        obj = Test(123)
        self.assertEqual(obj.what(), 123)

    def test_globals(self):

        class Mine(object):
            constant = 123

            def __init__(self):
                pass

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            jitclass(Mine)

        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception),
                         "class members are not yet supported: constant")

    def test_user_getter_setter(self):
        @jitclass([("attr", int32)])
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self, attr):
                self.attr = attr

            @property
            def value(self):
                return self.attr + 1

            @value.setter
            def value(self, val):
                self.attr = val - 1

        foo = Foo(123)
        self.assertEqual(foo.attr, 123)
        # Getter
        self.assertEqual(foo.value, 123 + 1)
        # Setter
        foo.value = 789
        self.assertEqual(foo.attr, 789 - 1)
        self.assertEqual(foo.value, 789)

        # Test nopython mode usage of getter and setter
        @njit
        def bar(foo, val):
            a = foo.value
            foo.value = val
            b = foo.value
            c = foo.attr
            return a, b, c

        a, b, c = bar(foo, 567)
        self.assertEqual(a, 789)
        self.assertEqual(b, 567)
        self.assertEqual(c, 567 - 1)

    def test_user_deleter_error(self):
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @property
            def value(self):
                return 1

            @value.deleter
            def value(self):
                pass

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            jitclass(Foo)
        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception),
                         "deleter is not supported: value")

    def test_name_shadowing_error(self):
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @property
            def my_property(self):
                pass

            def my_method(self):
                pass

        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as raises:
            jitclass(Foo, [("my_property", int32)])
        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception), "name shadowing: my_property")

        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as raises:
            jitclass(Foo, [("my_method", int32)])
        self.assertEqual(str(raises.exception), "name shadowing: my_method")

    def test_distinct_classes(self):
        # Different classes with the same names shouldn't confuse the compiler
        @jitclass([("x", int32)])
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x + 2

            def run(self):
                return self.x + 1

        FirstFoo = Foo

        @jitclass([("x", int32)])
        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x - 2

            def run(self):
                return self.x - 1

        SecondFoo = Foo
        foo = FirstFoo(5)
        self.assertEqual(foo.x, 7)
        self.assertEqual(foo.run(), 8)
        foo = SecondFoo(5)
        self.assertEqual(foo.x, 3)
        self.assertEqual(foo.run(), 2)

    def test_parameterized(self):
        class MyClass(object):

            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value

        def create_my_class(value):
            cls = jitclass(MyClass, [("value", typeof(value))])
            return cls(value)

        a = create_my_class(123)
        self.assertEqual(a.value, 123)

        b = create_my_class(12.3)
        self.assertEqual(b.value, 12.3)

        c = create_my_class(np.array([123]))
        np.testing.assert_equal(c.value, [123])

        d = create_my_class(np.array([12.3]))
        np.testing.assert_equal(d.value, [12.3])

    def test_protected_attrs(self):
        spec = {
            "value": int32,
            "_value": float32,
            "__value": int32,
            "__value__": int32,
        }

        @jitclass(spec)
        class MyClass(object):

            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value
                self._value = value / 2
                self.__value = value * 2
                self.__value__ = value - 1

            @property
            def private_value(self):
                return self.__value

            @property
            def _inner_value(self):
                return self._value

            @_inner_value.setter
            def _inner_value(self, v):
                self._value = v

            @property
            def __private_value(self):
                return self.__value

            @__private_value.setter
            def __private_value(self, v):
                self.__value = v

            def swap_private_value(self, new):
                old = self.__private_value
                self.__private_value = new
                return old

            def _protected_method(self, factor):
                return self._value * factor

            def __private_method(self, factor):
                return self.__value * factor

            def check_private_method(self, factor):
                return self.__private_method(factor)

        value = 123
        inst = MyClass(value)
        # test attributes
        self.assertEqual(inst.value, value)
        self.assertEqual(inst._value, value / 2)
        self.assertEqual(inst.private_value, value * 2)
        # test properties
        self.assertEqual(inst._inner_value, inst._value)
        freeze_inst_value = inst._value
        inst._inner_value -= 1
        self.assertEqual(inst._inner_value, freeze_inst_value - 1)

        self.assertEqual(inst.swap_private_value(321), value * 2)
        self.assertEqual(inst.swap_private_value(value * 2), 321)
        # test methods
        self.assertEqual(inst._protected_method(3), inst._value * 3)
        self.assertEqual(inst.check_private_method(3), inst.private_value * 3)
        # test special
        self.assertEqual(inst.__value__, value - 1)
        inst.__value__ -= 100
        self.assertEqual(inst.__value__, value - 101)

        # test errors
        @njit
        def access_dunder(inst):
            return inst.__value

        with self.assertRaises(errors.TypingError) as raises:
            access_dunder(inst)
        # It will appear as "_TestJitClass__value" because the `access_dunder`
        # is under the scope of "TestJitClass".
        self.assertIn("_TestJitClass__value", str(raises.exception))

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as raises:
            access_dunder.py_func(inst)
        self.assertIn("_TestJitClass__value", str(raises.exception))

    @skip_if_typeguard
    def test_annotations(self):
        """
        Methods with annotations should compile fine (issue #1911).
        """
        from .annotation_usecases import AnnotatedClass

        spec = {"x": int32}
        cls = jitclass(AnnotatedClass, spec)

        obj = cls(5)
        self.assertEqual(obj.x, 5)
        self.assertEqual(obj.add(2), 7)

    def test_docstring(self):

        @jitclass
        class Apple(object):
            "Class docstring"

            def __init__(self):
                "init docstring"

            def foo(self):
                "foo method docstring"

            @property
            def aval(self):
                "aval property docstring"

        self.assertEqual(Apple.__doc__, "Class docstring")
        self.assertEqual(Apple.__init__.__doc__, "init docstring")
        self.assertEqual(Apple.foo.__doc__, "foo method docstring")
        self.assertEqual(Apple.aval.__doc__, "aval property docstring")

    def test_kwargs(self):
        spec = [("a", int32),
                ("b", float64)]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self, x, y, z):
                self.a = x * y
                self.b = z

        x = 2
        y = 2
        z = 1.1
        kwargs = {"y": y, "z": z}
        tc = TestClass(x=2, **kwargs)
        self.assertEqual(tc.a, x * y)
        self.assertEqual(tc.b, z)

    def test_default_args(self):
        spec = [("x", int32),
                ("y", int32),
                ("z", int32)]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self, x, y, z=1):
                self.x = x
                self.y = y
                self.z = z

        tc = TestClass(1, 2, 3)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 3)

        tc = TestClass(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 1)

        tc = TestClass(y=2, z=5, x=1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 5)

    def test_default_args_keyonly(self):
        spec = [("x", int32),
                ("y", int32),
                ("z", int32),
                ("a", int32)]

        TestClass = jitclass(TestClass1, spec)

        tc = TestClass(2, 3)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 3)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.a, 5)

        tc = TestClass(y=4, x=2, a=42, z=100)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 4)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 100)
        self.assertEqual(tc.a, 42)

        tc = TestClass(y=4, x=2, a=42)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 4)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.a, 42)

        tc = TestClass(y=4, x=2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.x, 2)
        self.assertEqual(tc.y, 4)
        self.assertEqual(tc.z, 1)
        self.assertEqual(tc.a, 5)

    def test_default_args_starargs_and_keyonly(self):
        spec = [("x", int32),
                ("y", int32),
                ("z", int32),
                ("args", types.UniTuple(int32, 2)),
                ("a", int32)]

        with self.assertRaises(errors.UnsupportedError) as raises:
            jitclass(TestClass2, spec)

        msg = "VAR_POSITIONAL argument type unsupported"
        self.assertIn(msg, str(raises.exception))

    def test_generator_method(self):
        spec = []

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def gen(self, niter):
                for i in range(niter):
                    yield np.arange(i)

        def expected_gen(niter):
            for i in range(niter):
                yield np.arange(i)

        for niter in range(10):
            for expect, got in zip(expected_gen(niter), TestClass().gen(niter)):
                self.assertPreciseEqual(expect, got)

    def test_getitem(self):
        spec = [("data", int32[:])]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int32)

            def __setitem__(self, key, data):
                self.data[key] = data

            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.data[key]

        @njit
        def create_and_set_indices():
            t = TestClass()
            t[1] = 1
            t[2] = 2
            t[3] = 3
            return t

        @njit
        def get_index(t, n):
            return t[n]

        t = create_and_set_indices()
        self.assertEqual(get_index(t, 1), 1)
        self.assertEqual(get_index(t, 2), 2)
        self.assertEqual(get_index(t, 3), 3)

    def test_getitem_unbox(self):
        spec = [("data", int32[:])]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int32)

            def __setitem__(self, key, data):
                self.data[key] = data

            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.data[key]

        t = TestClass()
        t[1] = 10

        @njit
        def set2return1(t):
            t[2] = 20
            return t[1]

        t_1 = set2return1(t)
        self.assertEqual(t_1, 10)
        self.assertEqual(t[2], 20)

    def test_getitem_complex_key(self):
        spec = [("data", int32[:, :])]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.int32)

            def __setitem__(self, key, data):
                self.data[int(key.real), int(key.imag)] = data

            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.data[int(key.real), int(key.imag)]

        t = TestClass()

        t[complex(1, 1)] = 3

        @njit
        def get_key(t, real, imag):
            return t[complex(real, imag)]

        @njit
        def set_key(t, real, imag, data):
            t[complex(real, imag)] = data

        self.assertEqual(get_key(t, 1, 1), 3)
        set_key(t, 2, 2, 4)
        self.assertEqual(t[complex(2, 2)], 4)

    def test_getitem_tuple_key(self):
        spec = [("data", int32[:, :])]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.int32)

            def __setitem__(self, key, data):
                self.data[key[0], key[1]] = data

            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.data[key[0], key[1]]

        t = TestClass()
        t[1, 1] = 11

        @njit
        def get11(t):
            return t[1, 1]

        @njit
        def set22(t, data):
            t[2, 2] = data

        self.assertEqual(get11(t), 11)
        set22(t, 22)
        self.assertEqual(t[2, 2], 22)

    def test_getitem_slice_key(self):
        spec = [("data", int32[:])]

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TestClass(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int32)

            def __setitem__(self, slc, data):
                self.data[slc.start] = data
                self.data[slc.stop] = data + slc.step

            def __getitem__(self, slc):
                return self.data[slc.start]

        t = TestClass()
        # set t.data[1] = 1 and t.data[5] = 2
        t[1:5:1] = 1

        self.assertEqual(t[1:1:1], 1)
        self.assertEqual(t[5:5:5], 2)

        @njit
        def get5(t):
            return t[5:6:1]

        self.assertEqual(get5(t), 2)

        # sets t.data[2] = data, and t.data[6] = data + 1
        @njit
        def set26(t, data):
            t[2:6:1] = data

        set26(t, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t[2:2:1], 2)
        self.assertEqual(t[6:6:1], 3)

    def test_jitclass_longlabel_not_truncated(self):
        # See issue #3872, llvm 7 introduced a max label length of 1024 chars
        # Numba ships patched llvm 7.1 (ppc64le) and patched llvm 8 to undo this
        # change, this test is here to make sure long labels are ok:
        alphabet = [chr(ord("a") + x) for x in range(26)]

        spec = [(letter * 10, float64) for letter in alphabet]
        spec.extend([(letter.upper() * 10, float64) for letter in alphabet])

        @jitclass(spec)
        class TruncatedLabel(object):
            def __init__(self,):
                self.aaaaaaaaaa = 10.

            def meth1(self):
                self.bbbbbbbbbb = random.gauss(self.aaaaaaaaaa, self.aaaaaaaaaa)

            def meth2(self):
                self.meth1()

        # unpatched LLVMs will raise here...
        TruncatedLabel().meth2()

    def test_pickling(self):
        @jitclass
        class PickleTestSubject(object):
            def __init__(self):
                pass

        inst = PickleTestSubject()
        ty = typeof(inst)
        self.assertIsInstance(ty, types.ClassInstanceType)
        pickled = pickle.dumps(ty)
        self.assertIs(pickle.loads(pickled), ty)

    def test_static_methods(self):
        @jitclass([("x", int32)])
        class Test1:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def increase(self, y):
                self.x = self.add(self.x, y)
                return self.x

            @staticmethod
            def add(a, b):
                return a + b

            @staticmethod
            def sub(a, b):
                return a - b

        @jitclass([("x", int32)])
        class Test2:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def increase(self, y):
                self.x = self.add(self.x, y)
                return self.x

            @staticmethod
            def add(a, b):
                return a - b

        self.assertIsInstance(Test1.add, Dispatcher)
        self.assertIsInstance(Test1.sub, Dispatcher)
        self.assertIsInstance(Test2.add, Dispatcher)
        self.assertNotEqual(Test1.add, Test2.add)

        self.assertEqual(3, Test1.add(1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(-1, Test2.add(1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(4, Test1.sub(6, 2))

        t1 = Test1(0)
        t2 = Test2(0)
        self.assertEqual(1, t1.increase(1))
        self.assertEqual(-1, t2.increase(1))
        self.assertEqual(2, t1.add(1, 1))
        self.assertEqual(0, t1.sub(1, 1))
        self.assertEqual(0, t2.add(1, 1))
        self.assertEqual(2j, t1.add(1j, 1j))
        self.assertEqual(1j, t1.sub(2j, 1j))
        self.assertEqual("foobar", t1.add("foo", "bar"))

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as raises:
            Test2.sub(3, 1)
        self.assertIn("has no attribute 'sub'",
                      str(raises.exception))

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as raises:
            Test1.add(3)
        self.assertIn("not enough arguments: expected 2, got 1",
                      str(raises.exception))

        # Check error message for calling a static method as a class attr from
        # another method (currently unsupported).

        @jitclass([])
        class Test3:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @staticmethod
            def a_static_method(a, b):
                pass

            def call_static(self):
                return Test3.a_static_method(1, 2)

        invalid = Test3()
        with self.assertRaises(errors.TypingError) as raises:
            invalid.call_static()

        self.assertIn("Unknown attribute 'a_static_method'",
                      str(raises.exception))

    def test_jitclass_decorator_usecases(self):
        spec = OrderedDict(x=float64)

        @jitclass()
        class Test1:
            x: float

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        self.assertIsInstance(Test1, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(Test1.class_type.struct, spec)

        @jitclass(spec=spec)
        class Test2:

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        self.assertIsInstance(Test2, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(Test2.class_type.struct, spec)

        @jitclass
        class Test3:
            x: float

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        self.assertIsInstance(Test3, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(Test3.class_type.struct, spec)

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Test4:

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        self.assertIsInstance(Test4, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(Test4.class_type.struct, spec)

    def test_jitclass_function_usecases(self):
        spec = OrderedDict(x=float64)

        class AnnotatedTest:
            x: float

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        JitTest1 = jitclass(AnnotatedTest)
        self.assertIsInstance(JitTest1, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(JitTest1.class_type.struct, spec)

        class UnannotatedTest:

            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

        JitTest2 = jitclass(UnannotatedTest, spec)
        self.assertIsInstance(JitTest2, JitClassType)
        self.assertDictEqual(JitTest2.class_type.struct, spec)

    def test_jitclass_isinstance(self):
        spec = OrderedDict(value=int32)

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Foo(object):
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value

            def getValue(self):
                return self.value

            def getValueIncr(self):
                return self.value + 1

        @jitclass(spec)
        class Bar(object):
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.value = value

            def getValue(self):
                return self.value

        def test_jitclass_isinstance(obj):
            if isinstance(obj, (Foo, Bar)):
                # call something that both classes implements
                x = obj.getValue()
                if isinstance(obj, Foo):  # something that only Foo implements
                    return obj.getValueIncr() + x, 'Foo'
                else:
                    return obj.getValue() + x, 'Bar'
            else:
                return 'no match'

        pyfunc = test_jitclass_isinstance
        cfunc = njit(test_jitclass_isinstance)

        self.assertIsInstance(Foo, JitClassType)
        self.assertEqual(pyfunc(Foo(3)), cfunc(Foo(3)))
        self.assertEqual(pyfunc(Bar(123)), cfunc(Bar(123)))
        self.assertEqual(pyfunc(0), cfunc(0))

    def test_jitclass_unsupported_dunder(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as e:
            @jitclass
            class Foo(object):
                def __init__(self):
                    return

                def __enter__(self):
                    return None
            Foo()
        self.assertIn("Method '__enter__' is not supported.", str(e.exception))

    def test_modulename(self):
        @jitclass
        class TestModname(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 12

        thisModule = __name__
        classModule = TestModname.__module__
        self.assertEqual(thisModule, classModule)


class TestJitClassOverloads(MemoryLeakMixin, TestCase):

    class PyList:
        def __init__(self):
            self.x = [0]

        def append(self, y):
            self.x.append(y)

        def clear(self):
            self.x.clear()

        def __abs__(self):
            return len(self.x) * 7

        def __bool__(self):
            return len(self.x) % 3 != 0

        def __complex__(self):
            c = complex(2)
            if self.x:
                c += self.x[0]
            return c

        def __contains__(self, y):
            return y in self.x

        def __float__(self):
            f = 3.1415
            if self.x:
                f += self.x[0]
            return f

        def __int__(self):
            i = 5
            if self.x:
                i += self.x[0]
            return i

        def __len__(self):
            return len(self.x) + 1

        def __str__(self):
            if len(self.x) == 0:
                return "PyList empty"
            else:
                return "PyList non-empty"

    @staticmethod
    def get_int_wrapper():
        @jitclass([("x", types.intp)])
        class IntWrapper:
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.x = value

            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.x == other.x

            def __hash__(self):
                return self.x

            def __lshift__(self, other):
                return IntWrapper(self.x << other.x)

            def __rshift__(self, other):
                return IntWrapper(self.x >> other.x)

            def __and__(self, other):
                return IntWrapper(self.x & other.x)

            def __or__(self, other):
                return IntWrapper(self.x | other.x)

            def __xor__(self, other):
                return IntWrapper(self.x ^ other.x)

        return IntWrapper

    @staticmethod
    def get_float_wrapper():
        @jitclass([("x", types.float64)])
        class FloatWrapper:

            def __init__(self, value):
                self.x = value

            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.x == other.x

            def __hash__(self):
                return self.x

            def __ge__(self, other):
                return self.x >= other.x

            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.x > other.x

            def __le__(self, other):
                return self.x <= other.x

            def __lt__(self, other):
                return self.x < other.x

            def __add__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x + other.x)

            def __floordiv__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x // other.x)

            def __mod__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x % other.x)

            def __mul__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x * other.x)

            def __neg__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(-self.x)

            def __pos__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(+self.x)

            def __pow__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x ** other.x)

            def __sub__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x - other.x)

            def __truediv__(self, other):
                return FloatWrapper(self.x / other.x)

        return FloatWrapper

    def assertSame(self, first, second, msg=None):
        self.assertEqual(type(first), type(second), msg=msg)
        self.assertEqual(first, second, msg=msg)

    def test_overloads(self):
        # Check that the dunder methods are exposed on ClassInstanceType.

        JitList = jitclass({"x": types.List(types.intp)})(self.PyList)

        py_funcs = [
            lambda x: abs(x),
            lambda x: x.__abs__(),
            lambda x: bool(x),
            lambda x: x.__bool__(),
            lambda x: complex(x),
            lambda x: x.__complex__(),
            lambda x: 0 in x,  # contains
            lambda x: x.__contains__(0),
            lambda x: float(x),
            lambda x: x.__float__(),
            lambda x: int(x),
            lambda x: x.__int__(),
            lambda x: len(x),
            lambda x: x.__len__(),
            lambda x: str(x),
            lambda x: x.__str__(),
            lambda x: 1 if x else 0,  # truth
        ]
        jit_funcs = [njit(f) for f in py_funcs]

        py_list = self.PyList()
        jit_list = JitList()
        for py_f, jit_f in zip(py_funcs, jit_funcs):
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), py_f(jit_list))
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), jit_f(jit_list))

        py_list.append(2)
        jit_list.append(2)
        for py_f, jit_f in zip(py_funcs, jit_funcs):
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), py_f(jit_list))
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), jit_f(jit_list))

        py_list.append(-5)
        jit_list.append(-5)
        for py_f, jit_f in zip(py_funcs, jit_funcs):
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), py_f(jit_list))
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), jit_f(jit_list))

        py_list.clear()
        jit_list.clear()
        for py_f, jit_f in zip(py_funcs, jit_funcs):
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), py_f(jit_list))
            self.assertSame(py_f(py_list), jit_f(jit_list))

    def test_bool_fallback(self):

        def py_b(x):
            return bool(x)

        jit_b = njit(py_b)

        @jitclass([("x", types.List(types.intp))])
        class LenClass:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def __len__(self):
                return len(self.x) % 4

            def append(self, y):
                self.x.append(y)

            def pop(self):
                self.x.pop(0)

        obj = LenClass([1, 2, 3])
        self.assertTrue(py_b(obj))
        self.assertTrue(jit_b(obj))

        obj.append(4)
        self.assertFalse(py_b(obj))
        self.assertFalse(jit_b(obj))

        obj.pop()
        self.assertTrue(py_b(obj))
        self.assertTrue(jit_b(obj))

        @jitclass([("y", types.float64)])
        class NormalClass:
            def __init__(self, y):
                self.y = y

        obj = NormalClass(0)
        self.assertTrue(py_b(obj))
        self.assertTrue(jit_b(obj))

    def test_numeric_fallback(self):
        def py_c(x):
            return complex(x)

        def py_f(x):
            return float(x)

        def py_i(x):
            return int(x)

        jit_c = njit(py_c)
        jit_f = njit(py_f)
        jit_i = njit(py_i)

        @jitclass([])
        class FloatClass:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def __float__(self):
                return 3.1415

        obj = FloatClass()
        self.assertSame(py_c(obj), complex(3.1415))
        self.assertSame(jit_c(obj), complex(3.1415))
        self.assertSame(py_f(obj), 3.1415)
        self.assertSame(jit_f(obj), 3.1415)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as e:
            py_i(obj)
        self.assertIn("int", str(e.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(TypingError) as e:
            jit_i(obj)
        self.assertIn("int", str(e.exception))

        @jitclass([])
        class IntClass:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def __int__(self):
                return 7

        obj = IntClass()
        self.assertSame(py_i(obj), 7)
        self.assertSame(jit_i(obj), 7)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as e:
            py_c(obj)
        self.assertIn("complex", str(e.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(TypingError) as e:
            jit_c(obj)
        self.assertIn("complex", str(e.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as e:
            py_f(obj)
        self.assertIn("float", str(e.exception))
        with self.assertRaises(TypingError) as e:
            jit_f(obj)
        self.assertIn("float", str(e.exception))

        @jitclass([])
        class IndexClass:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def __index__(self):
                return 1

        obj = IndexClass()

        self.assertSame(py_c(obj), complex(1))
        self.assertSame(jit_c(obj), complex(1))
        self.assertSame(py_f(obj), 1.)
        self.assertSame(jit_f(obj), 1.)
        self.assertSame(py_i(obj), 1)
        self.assertSame(jit_i(obj), 1)

        @jitclass([])
        class FloatIntIndexClass:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def __float__(self):
                return 3.1415

            def __int__(self):
                return 7

            def __index__(self):
                return 1

        obj = FloatIntIndexClass()
        self.assertSame(py_c(obj), complex(3.1415))
        self.assertSame(jit_c(obj), complex(3.1415))
        self.assertSame(py_f(obj), 3.1415)
        self.assertSame(jit_f(obj), 3.1415)
        self.assertSame(py_i(obj), 7)
        self.assertSame(jit_i(obj), 7)

    def test_arithmetic_logical(self):
        IntWrapper = self.get_int_wrapper()
        FloatWrapper = self.get_float_wrapper()

        float_py_funcs = [
            lambda x, y: x == y,
            lambda x, y: x != y,
            lambda x, y: x >= y,
            lambda x, y: x > y,
            lambda x, y: x <= y,
            lambda x, y: x < y,
            lambda x, y: x + y,
            lambda x, y: x // y,
            lambda x, y: x % y,
            lambda x, y: x * y,
            lambda x, y: x ** y,
            lambda x, y: x - y,
            lambda x, y: x / y,
        ]
        int_py_funcs = [
            lambda x, y: x == y,
            lambda x, y: x != y,
            lambda x, y: x << y,
            lambda x, y: x >> y,
            lambda x, y: x & y,
            lambda x, y: x | y,
            lambda x, y: x ^ y,
        ]

        test_values = [
            (0.0, 2.0),
            (1.234, 3.1415),
            (13.1, 1.01),
        ]

        def unwrap(value):
            return getattr(value, "x", value)

        for jit_f, (x, y) in itertools.product(
                map(njit, float_py_funcs), test_values):

            py_f = jit_f.py_func

            expected = py_f(x, y)
            jit_x = FloatWrapper(x)
            jit_y = FloatWrapper(y)

            check = (
                self.assertEqual
                if type(expected) is not float
                else self.assertAlmostEqual
            )
            check(expected, jit_f(x, y))
            check(expected, unwrap(py_f(jit_x, jit_y)))
            check(expected, unwrap(jit_f(jit_x, jit_y)))

        for jit_f, (x, y) in itertools.product(
                map(njit, int_py_funcs), test_values):

            py_f = jit_f.py_func
            x, y = int(x), int(y)

            expected = py_f(x, y)
            jit_x = IntWrapper(x)
            jit_y = IntWrapper(y)

            self.assertEqual(expected, jit_f(x, y))
            self.assertEqual(expected, unwrap(py_f(jit_x, jit_y)))
            self.assertEqual(expected, unwrap(jit_f(jit_x, jit_y)))

    def test_arithmetic_logical_inplace(self):

        # If __i*__ methods are not defined, should fall back to normal methods.
        JitIntWrapper = self.get_int_wrapper()
        JitFloatWrapper = self.get_float_wrapper()

        PyIntWrapper = JitIntWrapper.mro()[1]
        PyFloatWrapper = JitFloatWrapper.mro()[1]

        @jitclass([("x", types.intp)])
        class JitIntUpdateWrapper(PyIntWrapper):
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.x = value

            def __ilshift__(self, other):
                return JitIntUpdateWrapper(self.x << other.x)

            def __irshift__(self, other):
                return JitIntUpdateWrapper(self.x >> other.x)

            def __iand__(self, other):
                return JitIntUpdateWrapper(self.x & other.x)

            def __ior__(self, other):
                return JitIntUpdateWrapper(self.x | other.x)

            def __ixor__(self, other):
                return JitIntUpdateWrapper(self.x ^ other.x)

        @jitclass({"x": types.float64})
        class JitFloatUpdateWrapper(PyFloatWrapper):

            def __init__(self, value):
                self.x = value

            def __iadd__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x + 2.718 * other.x)

            def __ifloordiv__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x * 2.718 // other.x)

            def __imod__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x % (other.x + 1))

            def __imul__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x * other.x + 1)

            def __ipow__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x ** other.x + 1)

            def __isub__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper(self.x - 3.1415 * other.x)

            def __itruediv__(self, other):
                return JitFloatUpdateWrapper((self.x + 1) / other.x)

        PyIntUpdateWrapper = JitIntUpdateWrapper.mro()[1]
        PyFloatUpdateWrapper = JitFloatUpdateWrapper.mro()[1]

        def get_update_func(op):
            template = f"""
def f(x, y):
    x {op}= y
    return x
"""
            namespace = {}
            exec(template, namespace)
            return namespace["f"]

        float_py_funcs = [get_update_func(op) for op in [
            "+", "//", "%", "*", "**", "-", "/",
        ]]
        int_py_funcs = [get_update_func(op) for op in [
            "<<", ">>", "&", "|", "^",
        ]]

        test_values = [
            (0.0, 2.0),
            (1.234, 3.1415),
            (13.1, 1.01),
        ]

        for jit_f, (py_cls, jit_cls), (x, y) in itertools.product(
                map(njit, float_py_funcs),
                [
                    (PyFloatWrapper, JitFloatWrapper),
                    (PyFloatUpdateWrapper, JitFloatUpdateWrapper)
                ],
                test_values):
            py_f = jit_f.py_func

            expected = py_f(py_cls(x), py_cls(y)).x
            self.assertAlmostEqual(expected, py_f(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)).x)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(expected, jit_f(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)).x)

        for jit_f, (py_cls, jit_cls), (x, y) in itertools.product(
                map(njit, int_py_funcs),
                [
                    (PyIntWrapper, JitIntWrapper),
                    (PyIntUpdateWrapper, JitIntUpdateWrapper)
                ],
                test_values):
            x, y = int(x), int(y)
            py_f = jit_f.py_func

            expected = py_f(py_cls(x), py_cls(y)).x
            self.assertEqual(expected, py_f(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)).x)
            self.assertEqual(expected, jit_f(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)).x)

    def test_hash_eq_ne(self):

        class HashEqTest:
            x: int

            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def __hash__(self):
                return self.x % 10

            def __eq__(self, o):
                return (self.x - o.x) % 20 == 0

        class HashEqNeTest(HashEqTest):
            def __ne__(self, o):
                return (self.x - o.x) % 20 > 1

        def py_hash(x):
            return hash(x)

        def py_eq(x, y):
            return x == y

        def py_ne(x, y):
            return x != y

        def identity_decorator(f):
            return f

        comparisons = [
            (0, 1),  # Will give different ne results.
            (2, 22),
            (7, 10),
            (3, 3),
        ]

        for base_cls, use_jit in itertools.product(
            [HashEqTest, HashEqNeTest], [False, True]
        ):
            decorator = njit if use_jit else identity_decorator
            hash_func = decorator(py_hash)
            eq_func = decorator(py_eq)
            ne_func = decorator(py_ne)

            jit_cls = jitclass(base_cls)

            for v in [0, 2, 10, 24, -8]:
                self.assertEqual(hash_func(jit_cls(v)), v % 10)

            for x, y in comparisons:
                self.assertEqual(
                    eq_func(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)),
                    base_cls(x) == base_cls(y),
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    ne_func(jit_cls(x), jit_cls(y)),
                    base_cls(x) != base_cls(y),
                )

    def test_bool_fallback_len(self):
        # Check that the fallback to using len(obj) to determine truth of an
        # object is implemented correctly as per
        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing
        #
        # Relevant points:
        #
        # "By default, an object is considered true unless its class defines
        # either a __bool__() method that returns False or a __len__() method
        # that returns zero, when called with the object."
        #
        # and:
        #
        # "Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always
        # return 0 or False for false and 1 or True for true, unless otherwise
        # stated."

        class NoBoolHasLen:
            def __init__(self, val):
                self.val = val

            def __len__(self):
                return self.val

            def get_bool(self):
                return bool(self)

        py_class = NoBoolHasLen
        jitted_class = jitclass([('val', types.int64)])(py_class)

        py_class_0_bool = py_class(0).get_bool()
        py_class_2_bool = py_class(2).get_bool()
        jitted_class_0_bool = jitted_class(0).get_bool()
        jitted_class_2_bool = jitted_class(2).get_bool()

        # Truth values from bool(obj) should be equal
        self.assertEqual(py_class_0_bool, jitted_class_0_bool)
        self.assertEqual(py_class_2_bool, jitted_class_2_bool)

        # Truth values from bool(obj) should be the same type
        self.assertEqual(type(py_class_0_bool), type(jitted_class_0_bool))
        self.assertEqual(type(py_class_2_bool), type(jitted_class_2_bool))

    def test_bool_fallback_default(self):
        # Similar to test_bool_fallback, but checks the case where there is no
        # __bool__() or __len__() defined, so the object should always be True.

        class NoBoolNoLen:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def get_bool(self):
                return bool(self)

        py_class = NoBoolNoLen
        jitted_class = jitclass([])(py_class)

        py_class_bool = py_class().get_bool()
        jitted_class_bool = jitted_class().get_bool()

        # Truth values from bool(obj) should be equal
        self.assertEqual(py_class_bool, jitted_class_bool)

        # Truth values from bool(obj) should be the same type
        self.assertEqual(type(py_class_bool), type(jitted_class_bool))

    def test_operator_reflection(self):
        class OperatorsDefined:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self.x == other.x

            def __le__(self, other):
                return self.x <= other.x

            def __lt__(self, other):
                return self.x < other.x

            def __ge__(self, other):
                return self.x >= other.x

            def __gt__(self, other):
                return self.x > other.x

        class NoOperatorsDefined:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

        spec = [('x', types.int32)]
        JitOperatorsDefined = jitclass(spec)(OperatorsDefined)
        JitNoOperatorsDefined = jitclass(spec)(NoOperatorsDefined)

        py_ops_defined = OperatorsDefined(2)
        py_ops_not_defined = NoOperatorsDefined(3)

        jit_ops_defined = JitOperatorsDefined(2)
        jit_ops_not_defined = JitNoOperatorsDefined(3)

        self.assertEqual(py_ops_not_defined == py_ops_defined,
                         jit_ops_not_defined == jit_ops_defined)

        self.assertEqual(py_ops_not_defined <= py_ops_defined,
                         jit_ops_not_defined <= jit_ops_defined)

        self.assertEqual(py_ops_not_defined < py_ops_defined,
                         jit_ops_not_defined < jit_ops_defined)

        self.assertEqual(py_ops_not_defined >= py_ops_defined,
                         jit_ops_not_defined >= jit_ops_defined)

        self.assertEqual(py_ops_not_defined > py_ops_defined,
                         jit_ops_not_defined > jit_ops_defined)

    @skip_unless_scipy
    def test_matmul_operator(self):
        class ArrayAt:
            def __init__(self, array):
                self.arr = array

            def __matmul__(self, other):
                return self.arr @ other.arr

            def __rmatmul__(self, other):
                return other.arr @ self.arr

            def __imatmul__(self, other):
                self.arr = self.arr @ other.arr
                return self

        class ArrayNoAt:
            def __init__(self, array):
                self.arr = array

        n = 3
        np.random.seed(1)
        vec = np.random.random(size=(n,))
        mat = np.random.random(size=(n, n))

        vector_noat = ArrayNoAt(vec)
        vector_at = ArrayAt(vec)
        jit_vector_noat = jitclass(ArrayNoAt, spec={"arr": float64[::1]})(vec)
        jit_vector_at = jitclass(ArrayAt, spec={"arr": float64[::1]})(vec)

        matrix_noat = ArrayNoAt(mat)
        matrix_at = ArrayAt(mat)
        jit_matrix_noat = jitclass(ArrayNoAt, spec={"arr": float64[:,::1]})(mat)
        jit_matrix_at = jitclass(ArrayAt, spec={"arr": float64[:,::1]})(mat)

        # __matmul__
        np.testing.assert_allclose(vector_at @ vector_noat,
                                   jit_vector_at @ jit_vector_noat)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(vector_at @ matrix_noat,
                                   jit_vector_at @ jit_matrix_noat)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(matrix_at @ vector_noat,
                                   jit_matrix_at @ jit_vector_noat)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(matrix_at @ matrix_noat,
                                   jit_matrix_at @ jit_matrix_noat)

        # __rmatmul__
        np.testing.assert_allclose(vector_noat @ vector_at,
                                   jit_vector_noat @ jit_vector_at)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(vector_noat @ matrix_at,
                                   jit_vector_noat @ jit_matrix_at)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(matrix_noat @ vector_at,
                                   jit_matrix_noat @ jit_vector_at)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(matrix_noat @ matrix_at,
                                   jit_matrix_noat @ jit_matrix_at)

        # __imatmul__
        vector_at @= matrix_noat
        matrix_at @= matrix_noat
        jit_vector_at @= jit_matrix_noat
        jit_matrix_at @= jit_matrix_noat

        np.testing.assert_allclose(vector_at.arr, jit_vector_at.arr)
        np.testing.assert_allclose(matrix_at.arr, jit_matrix_at.arr)

    def test_arithmetic_logical_reflection(self):
        class OperatorsDefined:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

            def __radd__(self, other):
                return other.x + self.x

            def __rsub__(self, other):
                return other.x - self.x

            def __rmul__(self, other):
                return other.x * self.x

            def __rtruediv__(self, other):
                return other.x / self.x

            def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
                return other.x // self.x

            def __rmod__(self, other):
                return other.x % self.x

            def __rpow__(self, other):
                return other.x ** self.x

            def __rlshift__(self, other):
                return other.x << self.x

            def __rrshift__(self, other):
                return other.x >> self.x

            def __rand__(self, other):
                return other.x & self.x

            def __rxor__(self, other):
                return other.x ^ self.x

            def __ror__(self, other):
                return other.x | self.x

        class NoOperatorsDefined:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

        float_op = ["+", "-", "*", "**", "/", "//", "%"]
        int_op = [*float_op, "<<", ">>" , "&", "^", "|"]

        for test_type, test_op, test_value in [
            (int32, int_op, (2, 4)),
            (float64, float_op, (2., 4.)),
            (float64[::1], float_op,
                (np.array([1., 2., 4.]), np.array([20., -24., 1.])))
        ]:
            spec = {"x": test_type}
            JitOperatorsDefined = jitclass(OperatorsDefined, spec)
            JitNoOperatorsDefined = jitclass(NoOperatorsDefined, spec)

            py_ops_defined = OperatorsDefined(test_value[0])  # noqa: F841
            py_ops_not_defined = NoOperatorsDefined(test_value[1])  # noqa: F841

            jit_ops_defined = JitOperatorsDefined(test_value[0])  # noqa: F841
            jit_ops_not_defined = JitNoOperatorsDefined(test_value[1])  # noqa: F841 E501

            for op in test_op:
                if not ("array" in str(test_type)):
                    self.assertEqual(
                        eval(f"py_ops_not_defined {op} py_ops_defined"),
                        eval(f"jit_ops_not_defined {op} jit_ops_defined")
                    )
                else:
                    self.assertTupleEqual(
                        tuple(eval(f"py_ops_not_defined {op} py_ops_defined")),
                        tuple(eval(f"jit_ops_not_defined {op} jit_ops_defined"))
                    )

    def test_implicit_hash_compiles(self):
        # Ensure that classes with __hash__ implicitly defined as None due to
        # the presence of __eq__ are correctly handled by ignoring the __hash__
        # class member.
        class ImplicitHash:
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            def __eq__(self, other):
                return False

        jitted = jitclass([])(ImplicitHash)
        instance = jitted()

        self.assertFalse(instance == instance)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()