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args was derived from list, but cpp_function::dispatcher sends a tuple to it->impl (line #346 and #392 in pybind11.h).  As a result args::size() and args::operator[] don't work at all.  On my mac args::size() returns -1.  Making args a subclass of tuple fixes it.

Adding documentation for value_error. Fixing various formatting issues. Removing redundant binding for C++ style methods. Adding bindings for iterator and slicing protocol. Extending examples.

Adding Python-style modifiers for vector. Wrapping has_insertion_operator_implementation in _MSC_VER ifdef’s. Adding ‘!=0’ instead of bool cast’s.

This somewhat heavyweight solution will avoid size_t/long long/long/int
mismatches on various platforms once and for all. The previous template
overloads could e.g. not handle size_t on Darwin.

One gotcha: the 'format_descriptor<T>::value()' syntax changed to just
'format_descriptor<T>::value'