GitLab

* WIP: module -> module_ without typedef

* refactor: allow py::module to work again

* feat: setup.py redesign and helpers

* refactor: simpler design with two outputs

* refactor: helper file update and Windows support

* fix: review points from @YannickJadoul

* refactor: fixes to naming and more docs

* feat: more customization points

* feat: add entry point pybind11-config

* refactor: Try Extension-focused method

* refactor: rename alt/inplace to global

* fix: allow usage with git modules, better docs

* feat: global as an extra (@YannickJadoul's suggestion)

* feat: single version location

* fix: remove the requirement that setuptools must be imported first

* fix: some review points from @wjacob

* fix: use .in, add procedure to docs

* refactor: avoid monkeypatch copy

* docs: minor typos corrected

* fix: minor points from @YannickJadoul

* fix: typo on Windows C++ mode

* fix: MSVC 15 update 3+ have c++14 flag

See <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/std-specify-language-standard-version?view=vs-2019>

* docs: discuss making SDists by hand

* ci: use pep517.build instead of manual setup.py

* refactor: more comments from @YannickJadoul

* docs: updates from @ktbarrett

* fix: change to newly recommended tool instead of pep517.build

This was intended as a proof of concept; build seems to be the correct replacement.

See https://github.com/pypa/pep517/pull/83

* docs: updates from @wjakob

* refactor: dual version locations

* docs: typo spotted by @wjakob

* Add note that VS2017 requires /permissive- to build in C++17 mode

* ci: test C++17 on MSVC 2017

* ci: args1/2, use args to override max cxx
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

Fix spelling

This commit also adds `doc()` to `object_api` as a shortcut for the
`attr("__doc__")` accessor.

The module macro changes from:
```c++
PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) {
    pybind11::module m("example", "pybind11 example plugin");
    m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; });
    return m.ptr();
}
```

to:

```c++
PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) {
    m.doc() = "pybind11 example plugin";
    m.def("add", [](int a, int b) { return a + b; });
}
```

Using the old macro results in a deprecation warning. The warning
actually points to the `pybind11_init` function (since attributes
don't bind to macros), but the message should be quite clear:
"PYBIND11_PLUGIN is deprecated, use PYBIND11_MODULE".

This adds automatic casting when assigning to python types like dict,
list, and attributes.  Instead of:

    dict["key"] = py::cast(val);
    m.attr("foo") = py::cast(true);
    list.append(py::cast(42));

you can now simply write:

    dict["key"] = val;
    m.attr("foo") = true;
    list.append(42);

Casts needing extra parameters (e.g. for a non-default rvp) still
require the py::cast() call. set::add() is also supported.

All usage is channeled through a SFINAE implementation which either just returns or casts. 

Combined non-converting handle and autocasting template methods via a
helper method that either just returns (handle) or casts (C++ type).

Add unit tests and documentation for the chrono cast.

Test compilation instructions for Windows were changed to use the
`cmake --build` command line invocation which should be easier than
manually setting up using the CMake GUI and Visual Studio.

On my system (Mac OS with custom Python installation) I had to add the ldflags argument to python-config to get things working.