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* Make `overload_cast_impl` available in C++11 mode.

Narrow the scope of the `#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)` block around overload_cast to only
cover the parts where C++14 is stricly required. Thus, the implementation in
`pybind11::details::overload_cast_impl` is still available in C++11 mode.

* PR #1581: Modify test to use overload_cast_impl, update docs and change log

* Added ability to convert from Python datetime.date and datetime.time to C++ system_clock::time_point

Commit 2b045757 ("Improve documentation related to inheritance. (#1676)") left off
a ':' from a hyperlink, which breaks the Travis CI build.

* Adds section to the reference.
* Adds section to advanced classes page describing how to use `get_overload`.

* Always capitalize Eigen

* Fix spelling

I think this particular method binding should not be done with `PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE` but instead `PYBIND11_OVERLOAD`.

* doc: Add note about casting from `None` to `T*`

* doc: reword 'none-to-pointer' note message

* doc: mention opaque types in 'none-to-pointer' note message

* Added note regarding make install

[ci skip]

* Adds std::deque to the types supported by list_caster in stl.h.
* Adds a new test_deque test in test_stl.{py,cpp}.
* Updates the documentation to include std::deque as a default
  supported type.

* Add possible solution to ImportError issue

* Fix for Issue #1258

list_caster::load method will now check for a Python string and prevent its automatic conversion to a list.
This should fix the issue "pybind11/stl.h converts string to vector<string> #1258" (https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1258)

* Added tests for fix of issue #1258

* Changelog: stl string auto-conversion

* Info about inconsistent detection of Python version between pybind11 and CMake in FAQ

This commit addresses an inefficiency in how enums are created in
pybind11. Most of the enum_<> implementation is completely generic --
however, being a template class, it ended up instantiating vast amounts
of essentially identical code in larger projects with many enums.

This commit introduces a generic non-templated helper class that is
compatible with any kind of enumeration. enum_ then becomes a thin
wrapper around this new class.

The new enum_<> API is designed to be 100% compatible with the old one.

pybind11 headers passed via the `pybind11_add_module` CMake
function can now be included as `SYSTEM` includes (`-isystem`).

This allows to set stricter (or experimental) warnings in
calling projects that might throw otherwise in headers
a user of pybind11 can not influence.

This PR adds a new py::ellipsis() method which can be used in
conjunction with NumPy's generalized slicing support. For instance,
the following is now valid (where "a" is a NumPy array):

py::array b = a[py::make_tuple(0, py::ellipsis(), 0)];

Fixed typos (erroneous `;`) in `classes.rst`.

Found via `codespell`

* Add basic support for tag-based static polymorphism

Sometimes it is possible to look at a C++ object and know what its dynamic type is,
even if it doesn't use C++ polymorphism, because instances of the object and its
subclasses conform to some other mechanism for being self-describing; for example,
perhaps there's an enumerated "tag" or "kind" member in the base class that's always
set to an indication of the correct type. This might be done for performance reasons,
or to permit most-derived types to be trivially copyable. One of the most widely-known
examples is in LLVM: https://llvm.org/docs/HowToSetUpLLVMStyleRTTI.html

This PR permits pybind11 to be informed of such conventions via a new specializable
detail::polymorphic_type_hook<> template, which generalizes the previous logic for
determining the runtime type of an object based on C++ RTTI. Implementors provide
a way to map from a base class object to a const std::type_info* for the dynamic
type; pybind11 then uses this to ensure that casting a Base* to Python creates a
Python object that knows it's wrapping the appropriate sort of Derived.

There are a number of restrictions with this tag-based static polymorphism support
compared to pybind11's existing support for built-in C++ polymorphism:

- there is no support for this-pointer adjustment, so only single inheritance is permitted
- there is no way to make C++ code call new Python-provided subclasses
- when binding C++ classes that redefine a method in a subclass, the .def() must be
  repeated in the binding for Python to know about the update

But these are not much of an issue in practice in many cases, the impact on the
complexity of pybind11's innards is minimal and localized, and the support for
automatic downcasting improves usability a great deal.

The property returns the enum_ value as a string.
For example:

>>> import module
>>> module.enum.VALUE
enum.VALUE
>>> str(module.enum.VALUE)
'enum.VALUE'
>>> module.enum.VALUE.name
'VALUE'

This is actually the equivalent of Boost.Python "name" property.

I think that there's the word "for" missing for that sentence to be correct.
Please double-check that the sentence means what it's supposed to mean. :-)

- PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE now takes ... rather than a single argument and
  expands it with __VA_ARGS__; this lets templated, comma-containing
  types get through correctly.
- Adds a new macro PYBIND11_TYPE() that lets you pass the type into a
  macro as a single argument, such as:

      PYBIND11_OVERLOAD(PYBIND11_TYPE(R<1,2>), PYBIND11_TYPE(C<3,4>), func)

  Unfortunately this only works for one macro call: to forward the
  argument on to the next macro call (without the processor breaking it
  up again) requires also adding the PYBIND11_TYPE(...) to type macro
  arguments in the PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_... macro chain.
- updated the documentation with these two changes, and use them at a couple
  places in the test suite to test that they work.