[`GPT2`] Add SDPA support (#31172)

* `gpt2` sdpa support

* fix (at least) one test, style, repo consistency

* fix sdpa mask in forward --> fixes generation

* test

* test2

* test3

* test4

* simplify shapes for attn mask creation and small comments

* hub fail test

* benchmarks

* flash attn 2 mask should not be inverted on enc-dec setup

* fix comment

* apply some suggestion from code review

- only save _attn_implentation once
- remove unnecessary comment

* change elif logic

* [run-slow] gpt2

* modify `test_gpt2_sample_max_time` to follow previous assertion patterns

docs/source/en/model_doc/gpt2.md

@@ -127,6 +127,64 @@ Below is an expected speedup diagram that compares pure inference time between t
 <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/EduardoPacheco/documentation-images/resolve/main/gpt2_flash_attention_2_speedup.jpg">
 </div>
 
+
+## Using Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA)
+PyTorch includes a native scaled dot-product attention (SDPA) operator as part of `torch.nn.functional`. This function
+encompasses several implementations that can be applied depending on the inputs and the hardware in use. See the
+[official documentation](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention.html)
+or the [GPU Inference](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/perf_infer_gpu_one#pytorch-scaled-dot-product-attention)
+page for more information.
+
+SDPA is used by default for `torch>=2.1.1` when an implementation is available, but you may also set
+`attn_implementation="sdpa"` in `from_pretrained()` to explicitly request SDPA to be used.
+
+```python
+from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
+model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("gpt2", torch_dtype=torch.float16, attn_implementation="sdpa")
+...
+```
+
+For the best speedups, we recommend loading the model in half-precision (e.g. `torch.float16` or `torch.bfloat16`).
+
+On a local benchmark (rtx3080ti-16GB, PyTorch 2.2.1, OS Ubuntu 22.04) using `float16` with
+[gpt2-large](https://huggingface.co/openai-community/gpt2-large), we saw the
+following speedups during training and inference.
+
+### Training
+| Batch size | Seq len |  Time per batch (Eager - s) | Time per batch (SDPA - s) | Speedup (%) | Eager peak mem (MB) | SDPA peak mem (MB) |    Mem saving (%) |
+|-----------:|--------:|----------------------------:|--------------------------:|------------:|--------------------:|-------------------:|------------------:|
+|          1 |     128 |                       0.039 |                     0.032 |      23.042 |             3482.32 |            3494.62 |            -0.352 |
+|          1 |     256 |                       0.073 |                     0.059 |       25.15 |             3546.66 |             3552.6 |            -0.167 |
+|          1 |     512 |                       0.155 |                     0.118 |       30.96 |              4230.1 |            3665.59 |              15.4 |
+|          1 |    1024 |                       0.316 |                     0.209 |      50.839 |             8682.26 |            4881.09 |            77.875 |
+|          2 |     128 |                        0.07 |                      0.06 |      15.324 |              3557.8 |            3545.91 |             0.335 |
+|          2 |     256 |                       0.143 |                     0.122 |       16.53 |              3901.5 |            3657.68 |             6.666 |
+|          2 |     512 |                       0.267 |                     0.213 |      25.626 |             7062.21 |            4876.47 |            44.822 |
+|          2 |    1024 |                         OOM |                     0.404 |           / |                 OOM |            8096.35 | SDPA does not OOM |
+|          4 |     128 |                       0.134 |                     0.128 |       4.412 |             3675.79 |            3648.72 |             0.742 |
+|          4 |     256 |                       0.243 |                     0.217 |      12.292 |             6129.76 |            4871.12 |            25.839 |
+|          4 |     512 |                       0.494 |                     0.406 |      21.687 |             12466.6 |            8102.64 |            53.858 |
+|          4 |    1024 |                         OOM |                     0.795 |           / |                 OOM |            14568.2 | SDPA does not OOM |
+
+### Inference
+| Batch size | Seq len | Per token latency Eager (ms) | Per token latency SDPA (ms) | Speedup (%) | Mem Eager (MB) | Mem SDPA (MB) | Mem saved (%) |
+|-----------:|--------:|-----------------------------:|----------------------------:|------------:|---------------:|--------------:|--------------:|
+|          1 |     128 |                        7.991 |                       6.968 |      14.681 |         1685.2 |       1701.32 |        -0.947 |
+|          1 |     256 |                        8.462 |                       7.199 |      17.536 |        1745.49 |       1770.78 |        -1.428 |
+|          1 |     512 |                         8.68 |                       7.853 |      10.529 |        1907.69 |       1921.29 |        -0.708 |
+|          1 |     768 |                        9.101 |                       8.365 |       8.791 |        2032.93 |       2068.12 |        -1.701 |
+|          2 |     128 |                        9.169 |                       9.001 |       1.861 |        1803.84 |        1811.4 |        -0.418 |
+|          2 |     256 |                        9.907 |                        9.78 |       1.294 |        1907.72 |       1921.44 |        -0.714 |
+|          2 |     512 |                       11.519 |                      11.644 |      -1.071 |        2176.86 |       2197.75 |        -0.951 |
+|          2 |     768 |                       13.022 |                      13.407 |      -2.873 |         2464.3 |       2491.06 |        -1.074 |
+|          4 |     128 |                       10.097 |                       9.831 |       2.709 |        1942.25 |       1985.13 |         -2.16 |
+|          4 |     256 |                       11.599 |                      11.398 |       1.764 |        2177.28 |       2197.86 |        -0.937 |
+|          4 |     512 |                       14.653 |                       14.45 |       1.411 |        2753.16 |       2772.57 |          -0.7 |
+|          4 |     768 |                       17.846 |                      17.617 |       1.299 |        3327.04 |       3343.97 |        -0.506 |
+
+
+
+
 ## Resources
 
 A list of official Hugging Face and community (indicated by 🌎) resources to help you get started with GPT2. If you're interested in submitting a resource to be included here, please feel free to open a Pull Request and we'll review it! The resource should ideally demonstrate something new instead of duplicating an existing resource.

docs/source/en/perf_infer_gpu_one.md

@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ For now, Transformers supports SDPA inference and training for the following arc
 * [Dpr](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/dpr#transformers.DprReader)
 * [Falcon](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/falcon#transformers.FalconModel)
 * [Gemma](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/gemma#transformers.GemmaModel)
+* [GPT2](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/gpt2)
 * [GPTBigCode](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/gpt_bigcode#transformers.GPTBigCodeModel)
 * [JetMoe](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/jetmoe#transformers.JetMoeModel)
 * [Jamba](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/jamba#transformers.JambaModel)

src/transformers/models/gpt2/modeling_gpt2.py

@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@ from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
 import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 import torch.utils.checkpoint
+from packaging import version
 from torch import nn
 from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
 
 from ...activations import ACT2FN
+from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import _prepare_4d_attention_mask_for_sdpa, _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_for_sdpa
 from ...modeling_outputs import (
     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
     CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ from ...utils import (
     add_code_sample_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings,
     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
+    get_torch_version,
     is_flash_attn_2_available,
     is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10,
     logging,
@@ -557,6 +560,113 @@ class GPT2FlashAttention2(GPT2Attention):
         )
 
 
+class GPT2SdpaAttention(GPT2Attention):
+    """
+    GPT2 attention module using torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention. This module inherits from
+    `GPT2Attention` as the weights of the module stays untouched. The only changes are on the forward pass
+    to adapt to the SDPA API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Idea adapted from transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.BertSdpaSelfAttention.__init__
+        # SDPA with memory-efficient backend is broken in torch==2.1.2 when using non-contiguous inputs and a custom
+        # attn_mask, so we need to call `.contiguous()`. This was fixed in torch==2.2.0.
+        # Reference: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/112577
+        self.require_contiguous_qkv = version.parse(get_torch_version()) < version.parse("2.2.0")
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]],
+        layer_past: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> Tuple[Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor]], ...]:
+        if output_attentions or head_mask is not None:
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "`GPT2SdpaAttention` is used but `torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention` does not support "
+                "`output_attentions=True` or `head_mask`. Falling back to the manual attention implementation, but "
+                "specifying the manual implementation will be required from Transformers version v5.0.0 onwards. "
+                'This warning can be removed using the argument `attn_implementation="eager"` when loading the model.'
+            )
+            return super().forward(
+                hidden_states=hidden_states,
+                layer_past=layer_past,
+                attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                head_mask=head_mask,
+                encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+                encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+                use_cache=use_cache,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            )
+
+        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()
+
+        # Initial attention projections
+        is_cross_attention = encoder_hidden_states is not None
+        if is_cross_attention:
+            if not hasattr(self, "q_attn"):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If class is used as cross attention, the weights `q_attn` have to be defined. "
+                    "Please make sure to instantiate class with `GPT2SdpaAttention(..., is_cross_attention=True)`."
+                )
+
+            query = self.q_attn(hidden_states)
+            key, value = self.c_attn(encoder_hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)
+            attention_mask = encoder_attention_mask
+        else:
+            query, key, value = self.c_attn(hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)
+
+        query = self._split_heads(query, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        key = self._split_heads(key, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+        value = self._split_heads(value, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+
+        # Optional kv caching
+        if layer_past is not None:
+            past_key = layer_past[0]
+            past_value = layer_past[1]
+            key = torch.cat((past_key, key), dim=-2)
+            value = torch.cat((past_value, value), dim=-2)
+
+        present = None
+        if use_cache is True:
+            present = (key, value)
+
+        # Avoid torch==2.1.2 specific bug for the memory-efficient backend in SDPA
+        if self.require_contiguous_qkv and query.device.type == "cuda" and attention_mask is not None:
+            query = query.contiguous()
+            key = key.contiguous()
+            value = value.contiguous()
+
+        # We dispatch to SDPA's Flash Attention or Efficient kernels via this `is_causal` if statement instead of an inline conditional assignment
+        # in SDPA to support both torch.compile's dynamic shapes and full graph options. An inline conditional prevents dynamic shapes from compiling.
+        is_causal = True if attention_mask is None and q_len > 1 and not is_cross_attention else False
+
+        attn_output = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
+            query,
+            key,
+            value,
+            attn_mask=attention_mask,
+            dropout_p=self.attn_dropout.p if self.training else 0.0,
+            is_causal=is_causal,
+        )
+
+        # Reshape outputs
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, q_len, self.embed_dim)
+
+        # Final projection
+        attn_output = self.c_proj(attn_output)
+        attn_output = self.resid_dropout(attn_output)
+
+        return attn_output, present, None
+
+
 class GPT2MLP(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, intermediate_size, config):
         super().__init__()
@@ -574,10 +684,7 @@ class GPT2MLP(nn.Module):
         return hidden_states
 
 
-GPT2_ATTENTION_CLASSES = {
-    "eager": GPT2Attention,
-    "flash_attention_2": GPT2FlashAttention2,
-}
+GPT2_ATTENTION_CLASSES = {"eager": GPT2Attention, "flash_attention_2": GPT2FlashAttention2, "sdpa": GPT2SdpaAttention}
 
 
 class GPT2Block(nn.Module):
@@ -673,6 +780,7 @@ class GPT2PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
     _no_split_modules = ["GPT2Block"]
     _skip_keys_device_placement = "past_key_values"
     _supports_flash_attn_2 = True
+    _supports_sdpa = True
 
     def __init__(self, *inputs, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*inputs, **kwargs)
@@ -1021,11 +1129,24 @@ class GPT2Model(GPT2PreTrainedModel):
             position_ids = torch.arange(past_length, input_shape[-1] + past_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
             position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0)
 
+        if inputs_embeds is None:
+            inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)
+        position_embeds = self.wpe(position_ids)
+        hidden_states = inputs_embeds + position_embeds
+
         # Attention mask.
+        _use_sdpa = self._attn_implementation == "sdpa" and output_attentions is False and head_mask is None
         if attention_mask is not None:
             attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, -1)
             if self._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
                 attention_mask = attention_mask if 0 in attention_mask else None
+            elif _use_sdpa:
+                attention_mask = _prepare_4d_causal_attention_mask_for_sdpa(
+                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                    input_shape=(batch_size, input_shape[-1]),
+                    inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
+                    past_key_values_length=past_length,
+                )
             else:
                 # We create a 3D attention mask from a 2D tensor mask.
                 # Sizes are [batch_size, 1, 1, to_seq_length]
@@ -1049,7 +1170,11 @@ class GPT2Model(GPT2PreTrainedModel):
             encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
             if encoder_attention_mask is None:
                 encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=device)
-            if self._attn_implementation != "flash_attention_2":
+            if _use_sdpa:
+                encoder_attention_mask = _prepare_4d_attention_mask_for_sdpa(
+                    mask=encoder_attention_mask, dtype=inputs_embeds.dtype, tgt_len=input_shape[-1]
+                )
+            elif not self._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
                 encoder_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
         else:
             encoder_attention_mask = None
@@ -1060,11 +1185,6 @@ class GPT2Model(GPT2PreTrainedModel):
         # head_mask has shape n_layer x batch x n_heads x N x N
         head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.n_layer)
 
-        if inputs_embeds is None:
-            inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)
-        position_embeds = self.wpe(position_ids)
-        hidden_states = inputs_embeds + position_embeds
-
         if token_type_ids is not None:
             token_type_embeds = self.wte(token_type_ids)
             hidden_states = hidden_states + token_type_embeds

tests/models/gpt2/test_modeling_gpt2.py

@@ -832,7 +832,8 @@ class GPT2ModelLanguageGenerationTest(unittest.TestCase):
         start = datetime.datetime.now()
         model.generate(input_ids, do_sample=False, max_time=None, max_length=256)
         duration = datetime.datetime.now() - start
-        self.assertGreater(duration, datetime.timedelta(seconds=1.5 * MAX_TIME))
+        self.assertGreater(duration, datetime.timedelta(seconds=MAX_TIME))
+        self.assertLess(duration, datetime.timedelta(seconds=1.5 * MAX_TIME))
 
     @slow
     def test_contrastive_search_gpt2(self):