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Co-authored-by: Nick Hill <nhill@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Nick Hill <nhill@redhat.com>

Introduces three new Prometheus histograms for fine-grained observability of KV cache residency behavior:

vllm:kv_block_lifetime_seconds — total lifetime from allocation to free
vllm:kv_block_idle_before_evict_seconds — idle duration before eviction
vllm:kv_block_reuse_gap_seconds — time between consecutive reuses of the same block

These metrics help operators analyze KV cache efficiency, reuse patterns, and eviction timing beyond simple utilization rates.

Implementation uses monotonic timestamps for accuracy, 1% sampling for minimal overhead (~48 bytes/block), and is fully thread-safe with zero runtime cost when disabled.

Two new runtime flags are introduced:

--kv-cache-metrics – enable KV cache residency metrics
--kv-cache-metrics-sample – control sampling ratio (default: 0.01)
Signed-off-by: Shivam <shivamprasad91@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Isotr0py <mozf@mail2.sysu.edu.cn>
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Signed-off-by: Mickael Seznec <mickael@mistral.ai>
Co-authored-by: Roger Wang <hey@rogerw.io>

Signed-off-by: Yifei Zhang <yifei.zhang1992@outlook.com>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: ganyi <ygan@amd.com>

Signed-off-by: DarkLight1337 <tlleungac@connect.ust.hk>

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Co-authored-by: TJian <tunjian.tan@embeddedllm.com>

Signed-off-by: Huamin Li <3ericli@gmail.com>

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Signed-off-by: DarkLight1337 <tlleungac@connect.ust.hk>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: Jee Jee Li <pandaleefree@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Cyrus Leung <tlleungac@connect.ust.hk>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: Lucas Wilkinson <lwilkins@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: Woosuk Kwon <woosuk.kwon@berkeley.edu>

Signed-off-by: augusto.yjh <augusto.yjh@antgroup.com>

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Chislett <bchislett@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Chislett <chislett.ben@gmail.com>