benchmark_moe.py 28.7 KB
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
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import argparse
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import gc
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import json
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import os
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import time
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from contextlib import nullcontext
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from datetime import datetime
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from itertools import product
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from typing import Any, TypedDict
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import ray
import torch
from ray.experimental.tqdm_ray import tqdm

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from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe.config import (
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    FusedMoEConfig,
    FusedMoEParallelConfig,
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    FusedMoEQuantConfig,
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    RoutingMethodType,
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    _get_config_dtype_str,
)
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from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe.fused_moe import *
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from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe.triton_deep_gemm_moe import (
    TritonOrDeepGemmExperts,
)
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from vllm.platforms import current_platform
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from vllm.transformers_utils.config import get_config
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from vllm.triton_utils import triton
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from vllm.utils.argparse_utils import FlexibleArgumentParser
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from vllm.utils.torch_utils import set_random_seed
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FP8_DTYPE = current_platform.fp8_dtype()
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# Default interval for clearing Triton JIT cache during tuning
# Set to 0 to disable automatic cache clearing
_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL_ENV = "VLLM_MOE_TUNE_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL"
TRITON_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL = int(os.environ.get(_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL_ENV, "50"))


def clear_triton_cache():
    """Clear Triton JIT compilation cache and Python/CUDA memory.

    This helps prevent OOM during tuning with large models (many experts).
    """
    # Force Python garbage collection
    gc.collect()

    # Clear CUDA memory cache
    if torch.cuda.is_available():
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()

    # Try to clear Triton's runtime cache
    try:
        if (
            hasattr(triton, "runtime")
            and hasattr(triton.runtime, "cache")
            and hasattr(triton.runtime.cache, "clear")
        ):
            triton.runtime.cache.clear()
    except ImportError:
        # Triton not installed, skip cache clearing
        pass
    except AttributeError:
        # Triton version doesn't have expected cache API
        pass
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Warning: Failed to clear Triton cache: {e}")

    # Additional garbage collection after clearing caches
    gc.collect()

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def ensure_divisibility(numerator, denominator, text):
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    """Ensure that numerator is divisible by the denominator."""
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    assert numerator % denominator == 0, "{} {} is not divisible by tp {}.".format(
        text, numerator, denominator
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    )


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class BenchmarkConfig(TypedDict):
    BLOCK_SIZE_M: int
    BLOCK_SIZE_N: int
    BLOCK_SIZE_K: int
    GROUP_SIZE_M: int
    num_warps: int
    num_stages: int


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def benchmark_config(
    config: BenchmarkConfig,
    num_tokens: int,
    num_experts: int,
    shard_intermediate_size: int,
    hidden_size: int,
    topk: int,
    dtype: torch.dtype,
    use_fp8_w8a8: bool,
    use_int8_w8a16: bool,
    num_iters: int = 100,
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    block_quant_shape: list[int] = None,
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    use_deep_gemm: bool = False,
) -> float:
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    init_dtype = torch.float16 if use_fp8_w8a8 else dtype
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    x = torch.randn(num_tokens, hidden_size, dtype=dtype)
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    if use_int8_w8a16:
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        w1 = torch.randint(
            -127,
            127,
            (
                num_experts,
                shard_intermediate_size,
                hidden_size,
            ),
            dtype=torch.int8,
        )
        w2 = torch.randint(
            -127,
            127,
            (
                num_experts,
                hidden_size,
                shard_intermediate_size // 2,
            ),
            dtype=torch.int8,
        )
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    else:
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        w1 = torch.randn(
            num_experts, shard_intermediate_size, hidden_size, dtype=init_dtype
        )
        w2 = torch.randn(
            num_experts, hidden_size, shard_intermediate_size // 2, dtype=init_dtype
        )
    gating_output = torch.randn(num_iters, num_tokens, num_experts, dtype=torch.float32)
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    w1_scale = None
    w2_scale = None
    a1_scale = None
    a2_scale = None
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    if use_int8_w8a16:
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        w1_scale = torch.randn(
            (num_experts, 2 * shard_intermediate_size), dtype=torch.float32
        )
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        w2_scale = torch.randn((hidden_size, num_experts), dtype=torch.float32)
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    if use_deep_gemm:
        # we use the default block shape for deepgemm
        block_quant_shape = [128, 128]
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    if use_fp8_w8a8:
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        if block_quant_shape:
            block_n, block_k = block_quant_shape[0], block_quant_shape[1]
            E = num_experts
            N = shard_intermediate_size // 2
            K = hidden_size
            factor_for_scale = 1e-2
            n_tiles_w1 = (2 * N + block_n - 1) // block_n
            n_tiles_w2 = (K + block_n - 1) // block_n
            k_tiles_w1 = (K + block_k - 1) // block_k
            k_tiles_w2 = (N + block_k - 1) // block_k
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            w1_scale = (
                torch.rand((E, n_tiles_w1, k_tiles_w1), dtype=torch.float32)
                * factor_for_scale
            )
            w2_scale = (
                torch.rand((E, n_tiles_w2, k_tiles_w2), dtype=torch.float32)
                * factor_for_scale
            )
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        else:
            w1_scale = torch.randn(num_experts, dtype=torch.float32)
            w2_scale = torch.randn(num_experts, dtype=torch.float32)

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        a1_scale = torch.randn(1, dtype=torch.float32)
        a2_scale = torch.randn(1, dtype=torch.float32)

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        w1 = w1.to(FP8_DTYPE)
        w2 = w2.to(FP8_DTYPE)
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    input_gating = torch.empty(num_tokens, num_experts, dtype=torch.float32)

    def prepare(i: int):
        input_gating.copy_(gating_output[i])

    def run():
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        from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe import override_config
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        if use_fp8_w8a8:
            quant_dtype = torch.float8_e4m3fn
        elif use_int8_w8a16:
            quant_dtype = torch.int8
        else:
            quant_dtype = None

        quant_config = FusedMoEQuantConfig.make(
            quant_dtype=quant_dtype,
            w1_scale=w1_scale,
            w2_scale=w2_scale,
            a1_scale=a1_scale,
            a2_scale=a2_scale,
            block_shape=block_quant_shape,
        )

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        deep_gemm_experts = mk.FusedMoEModularKernel(
            prepare_finalize=MoEPrepareAndFinalizeNoEP(),
            fused_experts=TritonOrDeepGemmExperts(
                moe_config=FusedMoEConfig(
                    num_experts=num_experts,
                    experts_per_token=topk,
                    hidden_dim=hidden_size,
                    intermediate_size_per_partition=shard_intermediate_size,
                    num_local_experts=num_experts,
                    activation="silu",
                    parallel_config=FusedMoEParallelConfig.make_no_parallel(),
                    in_dtype=init_dtype,
                    routing_method=RoutingMethodType.TopK,
                ),
                quant_config=quant_config,
            ),
        )

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        with override_config(config):
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            topk_weights, topk_ids, token_expert_indices = fused_topk(
                x, input_gating, topk, renormalize=not use_deep_gemm
            )
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            if use_deep_gemm:
                return deep_gemm_experts(
                    x, w1, w2, topk_weights, topk_ids, inplace=True
                )
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            return fused_experts(
                x,
                w1,
                w2,
                topk_weights,
                topk_ids,
                inplace=True,
                quant_config=quant_config,
            )
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    # JIT compilation & warmup
    run()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()

    # Capture 10 invocations with CUDA graph
    graph = torch.cuda.CUDAGraph()
    with torch.cuda.graph(graph):
        for _ in range(10):
            run()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()

    # Warmup
    for _ in range(5):
        graph.replay()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()

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    start_event = torch.Event(enable_timing=True)
    end_event = torch.Event(enable_timing=True)
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    latencies: list[float] = []
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    for i in range(num_iters):
        prepare(i)
        torch.cuda.synchronize()

        start_event.record()
        graph.replay()
        end_event.record()
        end_event.synchronize()
        latencies.append(start_event.elapsed_time(end_event))
    avg = sum(latencies) / (num_iters * 10) * 1000  # us
    graph.reset()
    return avg


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def get_rocm_tuning_space(use_fp16):
    block_mn_range = [16, 32, 64, 128, 256]
    block_k_range = [16, 32, 64, 128, 256]
    if not use_fp16:
        block_k_range.remove(16)  # BLOCK_K=16 not supported for fp8
    num_warps_range = [1, 2, 4, 8]
    group_m_range = [1, 4, 8, 16, 32]
    num_stage_range = [2]
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    waves_per_eu_range = [0, 1, 2, 4]
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    matrix_instr_nonkdim_range = [16, 32] if use_fp16 else []
    kpack_range = [1, 2] if use_fp16 else []

    param_ranges = {
        "BLOCK_SIZE_M": block_mn_range,
        "BLOCK_SIZE_N": block_mn_range,
        "BLOCK_SIZE_K": block_k_range,
        "GROUP_SIZE_M": group_m_range,
        "num_warps": num_warps_range,
        "num_stages": num_stage_range,
        "waves_per_eu": waves_per_eu_range,
    }
    if use_fp16:
        param_ranges["matrix_instr_nonkdim"] = matrix_instr_nonkdim_range
        param_ranges["kpack"] = kpack_range

    return param_ranges


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def get_configs_compute_bound(use_fp16, block_quant_shape) -> list[dict[str, int]]:
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    configs: list[BenchmarkConfig] = []
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    if current_platform.is_rocm():
        param_ranges = get_rocm_tuning_space(use_fp16)
    else:
        # Reduced search space for faster tuning.
        # TODO(woosuk): Increase the search space and use a performance model to
        # prune the search space.
        block_m_range = [16, 32, 64, 128, 256]
        block_n_range = [32, 64, 128, 256]
        block_k_range = [64, 128, 256]
        num_warps_range = [4, 8]
        group_m_range = [1, 16, 32, 64]
        num_stage_range = [2, 3, 4, 5]

        param_ranges = {
            "BLOCK_SIZE_M": block_m_range,
            "BLOCK_SIZE_N": block_n_range,
            "BLOCK_SIZE_K": block_k_range,
            "GROUP_SIZE_M": group_m_range,
            "num_warps": num_warps_range,
            "num_stages": num_stage_range,
        }

    keys, values = zip(*param_ranges.items())
    for config_values in product(*values):
        config = dict(zip(keys, config_values))
        configs.append(config)
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    # Remove configs that are not compatible with fp8 block quantization
    # BLOCK_SIZE_K must be a multiple of block_k
    # BLOCK_SIZE_N must be a multiple of block_n
    if block_quant_shape is not None and not use_fp16:
        block_n, block_k = block_quant_shape[0], block_quant_shape[1]
        for config in configs[:]:
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            if (
                config["BLOCK_SIZE_K"] % block_k != 0
                or config["BLOCK_SIZE_N"] % block_n != 0
            ):
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                configs.remove(config)
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    return configs


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def prune_rocm_search_space(
    num_tokens, shard_intermediate_size, hidden_size, search_space, is_fp16, topk
):
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    N1, K1 = shard_intermediate_size, hidden_size
    N2, K2 = hidden_size, shard_intermediate_size // 2
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    pruned_space_1 = prune_rocm_configs(
        num_tokens * topk, N1, K1, search_space, is_fp16
    )
    pruned_space_2 = prune_rocm_configs(
        num_tokens * topk, N2, K2, search_space, is_fp16
    )
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    search_space = merge_unique_dicts(pruned_space_1, pruned_space_2)
    return search_space


# The following code is inspired by ROCm/Triton GEMM tuning script:
# https://github.com/ROCm/triton/blob/triton-mlir/scripts/amd/gemm/tune_gemm.py#L89
def prune_rocm_configs(M, N, K, configs, is_fp16=True):
    pruned_configs = []
    elemBytes_a = 2 if is_fp16 else 1
    elemBytes_b = 2 if is_fp16 else 1

    mfma = 16 if M < 32 or N < 32 else 32

    # TODO (zhanglx): figure out the boundary between large and small gemms
    large_gemm = False
    if M >= 2048 and N >= 2048:
        large_gemm = True

    for config in configs:
        BLOCK_SIZE_M = config.get("BLOCK_SIZE_M")
        BLOCK_SIZE_N = config.get("BLOCK_SIZE_N")
        BLOCK_SIZE_K = config.get("BLOCK_SIZE_K")
        num_warps = config.get("num_warps")

        if is_fp16:
            matrix_instr_nonkdim = config.get("matrix_instr_nonkdim")
            if matrix_instr_nonkdim > mfma:
                continue
        if mfma == 4 and BLOCK_SIZE_K < 64:
            continue
        # some layouts could not work properly in case
        # number elements per thread is less 1
        if BLOCK_SIZE_M * BLOCK_SIZE_N < 64:
            continue
        SPLIT_K = config.get("SPLIT_K", 1)
        GROUP_M = config.get("GROUP_SIZE_M")
        if is_fp16:
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            if (
                matrix_instr_nonkdim > BLOCK_SIZE_M
                or matrix_instr_nonkdim > BLOCK_SIZE_N
            ):
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                continue
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            if matrix_instr_nonkdim >= M and matrix_instr_nonkdim != BLOCK_SIZE_M:
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                continue
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            if matrix_instr_nonkdim >= N and matrix_instr_nonkdim != BLOCK_SIZE_N:
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                continue
        # Skip BLOCK_SIZE that is too large compare to M/N
        # unless BLOCK_SIZE is already small enough
        if M * 2 < BLOCK_SIZE_M and BLOCK_SIZE_M != 16:
            continue
        if N * 2 < BLOCK_SIZE_N and BLOCK_SIZE_N != 16:
            continue
        # skip large split_k when not necessary
        if SPLIT_K != 1 and not need_split_k(M, N, K):
            continue
        # skip split_k that leads to EVEN_K = false
        leap = SPLIT_K * BLOCK_SIZE_K
        modv = K % leap
        if modv != 0:
            continue
        # skip large GROUP_M
        if GROUP_M * BLOCK_SIZE_M > M and GROUP_M != 1:
            continue
        # out of shared memory resource
        # TODO (zhanglx): This does not consider the LDS usage in the epilogue
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        LDS = (
            BLOCK_SIZE_K * BLOCK_SIZE_M * elemBytes_a
            + BLOCK_SIZE_K * BLOCK_SIZE_N * elemBytes_b
        )
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        if LDS > 65536:
            continue
        # Skip small block sizes and num_warps for large gemm
        # For fp16 and f8, we want to only use BLOCK_SIZE >= 64
        if large_gemm:
            if BLOCK_SIZE_M < 64 or BLOCK_SIZE_N < 64:
                continue
            if BLOCK_SIZE_K < 64:
                continue
            if num_warps < 4:
                continue

        pruned_configs.append(config)

    return pruned_configs


def need_split_k(SIZE_M, SIZE_N, SIZE_K):
    return (SIZE_M < 64 or SIZE_N < 64) and SIZE_K > 1024


def merge_unique_dicts(list1, list2):
    result = []
    combined_list = list1.copy()
    combined_list.extend(list2)
    for dictionary in combined_list:
        if dictionary not in result:
            result.append(dictionary)
    return result


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@ray.remote(num_gpus=1)
class BenchmarkWorker:
    def __init__(self, seed: int) -> None:
        torch.set_default_device("cuda")
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        set_random_seed(seed)
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        self.seed = seed
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        # Get the device ID to allocate tensors and kernels
        # on the respective GPU. This is required for Ray to work
        # correctly with multi-GPU tuning on the ROCm platform.
        self.device_id = int(ray.get_gpu_ids()[0])
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    def benchmark(
        self,
        num_tokens: int,
        num_experts: int,
        shard_intermediate_size: int,
        hidden_size: int,
        topk: int,
        dtype: torch.dtype,
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        use_fp8_w8a8: bool,
        use_int8_w8a16: bool,
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        block_quant_shape: list[int] = None,
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        use_deep_gemm: bool = False,
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    ) -> tuple[dict[str, int], float]:
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        set_random_seed(self.seed)
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        dtype_str = _get_config_dtype_str(
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            dtype, use_int8_w8a16=use_int8_w8a16, use_fp8_w8a8=use_fp8_w8a8
        )
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        # NOTE(woosuk): The current naming convention uses w2.shape[2], which
        # is the intermediate size after silu_and_mul.
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        block_n = block_quant_shape[0] if block_quant_shape else None
        block_k = block_quant_shape[1] if block_quant_shape else None
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        op_config = get_moe_configs(
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            num_experts, shard_intermediate_size // 2, dtype_str, block_n, block_k
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        )
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        if op_config is None:
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            config = get_default_config(
                num_tokens,
                num_experts,
                shard_intermediate_size,
                hidden_size,
                topk,
                dtype_str,
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                block_quant_shape,
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            )
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        else:
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            config = op_config[min(op_config.keys(), key=lambda x: abs(x - num_tokens))]
        kernel_time = benchmark_config(
            config,
            num_tokens,
            num_experts,
            shard_intermediate_size,
            hidden_size,
            topk,
            dtype,
            use_fp8_w8a8,
            use_int8_w8a16,
            num_iters=100,
            block_quant_shape=block_quant_shape,
            use_deep_gemm=use_deep_gemm,
        )
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        return config, kernel_time

    def tune(
        self,
        num_tokens: int,
        num_experts: int,
        shard_intermediate_size: int,
        hidden_size: int,
        topk: int,
        dtype: torch.dtype,
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        use_fp8_w8a8: bool,
        use_int8_w8a16: bool,
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        search_space: list[dict[str, int]],
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        block_quant_shape: list[int],
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        use_deep_gemm: bool,
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    ) -> dict[str, int]:
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        best_config = None
        best_time = float("inf")
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        if current_platform.is_rocm():
            is_fp16 = not (use_fp8_w8a8 or use_int8_w8a16)
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            search_space = prune_rocm_search_space(
                num_tokens,
                shard_intermediate_size,
                hidden_size,
                search_space,
                is_fp16,
                topk,
            )
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        need_device_guard = False
        if current_platform.is_rocm():
            visible_device = os.environ.get("ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES", None)
            if visible_device != f"{self.device_id}":
                need_device_guard = True

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        with torch.cuda.device(self.device_id) if need_device_guard else nullcontext():
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            for idx, config in enumerate(tqdm(search_space)):
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                try:
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                    kernel_time = benchmark_config(
                        config,
                        num_tokens,
                        num_experts,
                        shard_intermediate_size,
                        hidden_size,
                        topk,
                        dtype,
                        use_fp8_w8a8,
                        use_int8_w8a16,
                        num_iters=20,
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                        block_quant_shape=block_quant_shape,
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                        use_deep_gemm=use_deep_gemm,
                    )
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                except triton.runtime.autotuner.OutOfResources:
                    # Some configurations may be invalid and fail to compile.
                    continue

                if kernel_time < best_time:
                    best_time = kernel_time
                    best_config = config
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                # Periodically clear Triton JIT cache to prevent OOM
                # This is especially important for large models with many experts
                if (
                    TRITON_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL > 0
                    and idx > 0
                    and idx % TRITON_CACHE_CLEAR_INTERVAL == 0
                ):
                    clear_triton_cache()

        # Final cleanup after tuning completes
        clear_triton_cache()

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        now = datetime.now()
        print(f"{now.ctime()}] Completed tuning for batch_size={num_tokens}")
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        assert best_config is not None
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        return best_config


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def sort_config(config: BenchmarkConfig) -> BenchmarkConfig:
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    return {
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        "BLOCK_SIZE_M": config["BLOCK_SIZE_M"],
        "BLOCK_SIZE_N": config["BLOCK_SIZE_N"],
        "BLOCK_SIZE_K": config["BLOCK_SIZE_K"],
        "GROUP_SIZE_M": config["GROUP_SIZE_M"],
        "num_warps": config["num_warps"],
        "num_stages": config["num_stages"],
        **(
            {"waves_per_eu": config["waves_per_eu"]} if "waves_per_eu" in config else {}
        ),
        **(
            {"matrix_instr_nonkdim": config["matrix_instr_nonkdim"]}
            if "matrix_instr_nonkdim" in config
            else {}
        ),
        **({"kpack": config["kpack"]} if "kpack" in config else {}),
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    }


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def save_configs(
    configs: dict[int, BenchmarkConfig],
    num_experts: int,
    shard_intermediate_size: int,
    hidden_size: int,
    topk: int,
    dtype: torch.dtype,
    use_fp8_w8a8: bool,
    use_int8_w8a16: bool,
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    block_quant_shape: list[int],
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    save_dir: str,
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) -> None:
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    dtype_str = _get_config_dtype_str(
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        dtype, use_int8_w8a16=use_int8_w8a16, use_fp8_w8a8=use_fp8_w8a8
    )
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    # NOTE(woosuk): The current naming convention uses w2.shape[2], which
    # is the intermediate size after silu_and_mul.
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    filename = get_config_file_name(
        num_experts, shard_intermediate_size // 2, dtype_str, block_quant_shape
    )
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    os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)
    filename = os.path.join(save_dir, filename)
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    print(f"Writing best config to {filename}...")
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
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        json.dump({"triton_version": triton.__version__, **configs}, f, indent=4)
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        f.write("\n")


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def get_weight_block_size_safety(config, default_value=None):
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    quantization_config = getattr(config, "quantization_config", {})
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    if isinstance(quantization_config, dict):
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        return quantization_config.get("weight_block_size", default_value)
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    return default_value


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def main(args: argparse.Namespace):
    print(args)
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    config = get_config(model=args.model, trust_remote_code=args.trust_remote_code)
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    if args.model_prefix:
        config = getattr(config, args.model_prefix)

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    if config.architectures[0] == "DbrxForCausalLM":
        E = config.ffn_config.moe_num_experts
        topk = config.ffn_config.moe_top_k
        intermediate_size = config.ffn_config.ffn_hidden_size
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
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    elif config.architectures[0] == "JambaForCausalLM":
        E = config.num_experts
        topk = config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = config.intermediate_size
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
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    elif config.architectures[0] in (
        "DeepseekV2ForCausalLM",
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        "DeepseekV3ForCausalLM",
        "DeepseekV32ForCausalLM",
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        "Glm4MoeForCausalLM",
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        "Glm4MoeLiteForCausalLM",
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        "NemotronHForCausalLM",
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    ):
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        E = config.n_routed_experts
        topk = config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = config.moe_intermediate_size
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
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    elif config.architectures[0] in (
        "Qwen2MoeForCausalLM",
        "Qwen3MoeForCausalLM",
        "Qwen3NextForCausalLM",
    ):
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        E = config.num_experts
        topk = config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = config.moe_intermediate_size
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
    elif config.architectures[0] == "Qwen3VLMoeForConditionalGeneration":
        text_config = config.get_text_config()
        E = text_config.num_experts
        topk = text_config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = text_config.moe_intermediate_size
        hidden_size = text_config.hidden_size
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    elif config.architectures[0] in ("HunYuanMoEV1ForCausalLM"):
        E = config.num_experts
        topk = config.moe_topk[0]
        intermediate_size = config.moe_intermediate_size[0]
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
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    elif config.architectures[0] in ["Qwen3OmniMoeForConditionalGeneration"]:
        E = config.thinker_config.text_config.num_experts
        topk = config.thinker_config.text_config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = config.thinker_config.text_config.moe_intermediate_size
        hidden_size = config.thinker_config.text_config.hidden_size
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    else:
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        # Support for llama4
        config = config.get_text_config()
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        # Default: Mixtral.
        E = config.num_local_experts
        topk = config.num_experts_per_tok
        intermediate_size = config.intermediate_size
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        hidden_size = config.hidden_size
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    enable_ep = bool(args.enable_expert_parallel)
    if enable_ep:
        ensure_divisibility(E, args.tp_size, "Number of experts")
        E = E // args.tp_size
        shard_intermediate_size = 2 * intermediate_size
    else:
        ensure_divisibility(intermediate_size, args.tp_size, "intermediate_size")
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        shard_intermediate_size = 2 * intermediate_size // args.tp_size
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    dtype = torch.float16 if current_platform.is_rocm() else config.dtype
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    use_fp8_w8a8 = args.dtype == "fp8_w8a8"
    use_int8_w8a16 = args.dtype == "int8_w8a16"
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    block_quant_shape = get_weight_block_size_safety(config)
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    if args.batch_size is None:
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        batch_sizes = [
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            1,
            2,
            4,
            8,
            16,
            24,
            32,
            48,
            64,
            96,
            128,
            256,
            512,
            1024,
            1536,
            2048,
            3072,
            4096,
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        ]
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    else:
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        batch_sizes = args.batch_size
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    use_deep_gemm = bool(args.use_deep_gemm)

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    if current_platform.is_rocm() and "HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES" in os.environ:
        # Ray will set ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES for device visibility
        logger.warning(
            "Ray uses ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES to control device accessibility."
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            "Replacing HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES with ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES."
        )
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        val = os.environ["HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]
        os.environ["ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = val
        del os.environ["HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]

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    ray.init()
    num_gpus = int(ray.available_resources()["GPU"])
    workers = [BenchmarkWorker.remote(args.seed) for _ in range(num_gpus)]

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    def _distribute(method: str, inputs: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
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        outputs = []
        worker_idx = 0
        for input_args in inputs:
            worker = workers[worker_idx]
            worker_method = getattr(worker, method)
            output = worker_method.remote(*input_args)
            outputs.append(output)
            worker_idx = (worker_idx + 1) % num_gpus
        return ray.get(outputs)

    if args.tune:
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        is_fp16 = not (use_fp8_w8a8 or use_int8_w8a16)
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        search_space = get_configs_compute_bound(is_fp16, block_quant_shape)
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        print(f"Start tuning over {len(search_space)} configurations...")
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        if use_deep_gemm:
            raise ValueError(
                "Tuning with --use-deep-gemm is not supported as it only tunes Triton "
                "kernels. Please remove the flag."
            )
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        start = time.time()
        configs = _distribute(
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            "tune",
            [
                (
                    batch_size,
                    E,
                    shard_intermediate_size,
                    hidden_size,
                    topk,
                    dtype,
                    use_fp8_w8a8,
                    use_int8_w8a16,
                    search_space,
                    block_quant_shape,
                    use_deep_gemm,
                )
                for batch_size in batch_sizes
            ],
        )
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        best_configs = {
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            M: sort_config(config) for M, config in zip(batch_sizes, configs)
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        }
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        save_configs(
            best_configs,
            E,
            shard_intermediate_size,
            hidden_size,
            topk,
            dtype,
            use_fp8_w8a8,
            use_int8_w8a16,
            block_quant_shape,
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            args.save_dir,
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        )
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        end = time.time()
        print(f"Tuning took {end - start:.2f} seconds")
    else:
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        outputs = _distribute(
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            "benchmark",
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            [
                (
                    batch_size,
                    E,
                    shard_intermediate_size,
                    hidden_size,
                    topk,
                    dtype,
                    use_fp8_w8a8,
                    use_int8_w8a16,
                    block_quant_shape,
                    use_deep_gemm,
                )
                for batch_size in batch_sizes
            ],
        )
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        for batch_size, (config, kernel_time) in zip(batch_sizes, outputs):
            print(f"Batch size: {batch_size}, config: {config}")
            print(f"Kernel time: {kernel_time:.2f} us")


if __name__ == "__main__":
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    parser = FlexibleArgumentParser()
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    parser.add_argument(
        "--model", type=str, default="mistralai/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--tp-size", "-tp", "--tensor-parallel-size", type=int, default=2
    )
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    parser.add_argument("--enable-expert-parallel", "-enable-ep", action="store_true")
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    parser.add_argument(
        "--dtype", type=str, choices=["auto", "fp8_w8a8", "int8_w8a16"], default="auto"
    )
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    parser.add_argument("--use-deep-gemm", action="store_true")
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    parser.add_argument(
        "--save-dir", type=str, default="./", help="Directory to save tuned results"
    )
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    parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0)
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    parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, nargs="+", required=False)
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    parser.add_argument("--tune", action="store_true")
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    parser.add_argument("--trust-remote-code", action="store_true")
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    parser.add_argument("--model-prefix", type=str, required=False)
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    args = parser.parse_args()

    main(args)