quant_utils.cuh

#pragma once
#ifndef USE_ROCM
#include <hip/hip_fp8.h>
#endif

#include <hip/hip_fp16.h>
#include <hip/hip_bf16.h>
#include <hip/hip_bfloat16.h>

#include "../../../../attention/attention_dtypes.h"

namespace vllm {
#ifdef USE_ROCM

namespace fp8 {
  // #ifdef ENABLE_FP8

// KV-CACHE int8
static inline __device__ float fp8_to_float(uint8_t input) {
  const uint32_t w = (uint32_t)input << 24;
  const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
  const uint32_t nonsign = w & UINT32_C(0x7FFFFFFF);
  uint32_t renorm_shift = __clz(nonsign);
  renorm_shift = renorm_shift > 4 ? renorm_shift - 4 : 0;
  uint32_t result = sign | ((nonsign << renorm_shift >> 4) + ((0x78 - renorm_shift) << 23));
  return c10::detail::fp32_from_bits(result);
}

// float -> fp8
static inline __device__ uint8_t float_to_fp8_e4m3(float f) {
  constexpr uint32_t fp8_max = UINT32_C(1087) << 20;
  constexpr uint32_t denorm_mask = UINT32_C(141) << 23;
  uint32_t f_bits = c10::detail::fp32_to_bits(f);
  uint8_t result = 0u;
  const uint32_t sign = f_bits & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
  f_bits ^= sign;
  if (f_bits >= fp8_max) {
    result = 0x7f;
  } else {
    if (f_bits < (UINT32_C(121) << 23)) {
      f_bits =
        c10::detail::fp32_to_bits(c10::detail::fp32_from_bits(f_bits) + c10::detail::fp32_from_bits(denorm_mask));
      result = static_cast<uint8_t>(f_bits - denorm_mask);
    } else {
      uint8_t mant_odd = (f_bits >> 20) & 1;
      f_bits += ((uint32_t)(7 - 127) << 23) + 0x7FFFF;
      f_bits += mant_odd;
      result = static_cast<uint8_t>(f_bits >> 20);
    }
  }

  result |= static_cast<uint8_t>(sign >> 24);
  return result;
}

static inline __device__ uint8_t float_to_fp8_e5m2(float f) {
  constexpr uint32_t fp32_inf = UINT32_C(255) << 23;
  constexpr uint32_t fp8_max = UINT32_C(143) << 23;
  constexpr uint32_t denorm_mask = UINT32_C(134) << 23;
  uint32_t f_bits = c10::detail::fp32_to_bits(f);
  uint8_t result = 0u;
  const uint32_t sign = f_bits & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
  f_bits ^= sign;
  if (f_bits >= fp8_max) {
    result = f_bits > fp32_inf ? UINT8_C(0x7F) : UINT8_C(0x7C);
  } else {
    if (f_bits < (UINT32_C(113) << 23)) {
      f_bits = c10::detail::fp32_to_bits(c10::detail::fp32_from_bits(f_bits)
               + c10::detail::fp32_from_bits(denorm_mask));
      result = static_cast<uint8_t>(f_bits - denorm_mask);
    } else {
      uint32_t mant_odd = (f_bits >> 21) & 1;
      f_bits += ((uint32_t)(15 - 127) << 23) + 0xFFFFF;
      f_bits += mant_odd;
      result = static_cast<uint8_t>(f_bits >> 21);
    }
  }
  result |= static_cast<uint8_t>(sign >> 24);
  return result;
}

// template <typename Tout, typename Tin>
// __inline__ __device__ Tout vec_conversion(const Tin& x) {
//   return x;
// }

template <typename Tout, typename Tin>
__inline__ __device__ Tout scaled_vec_conversion(const Tin& x,
                                                 const float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  return x;
}

//     #if HIP_FP8_TYPE_OCP
// using fp8_type = __hip_fp8_e4m3;
// using fp8x2_type = __hip_fp8x2_e4m3;
//     #else
// using fp8_type = __hip_fp8_e4m3_fnuz;
// using fp8x2_type = __hip_fp8x2_e4m3_fnuz;
//     #endif

// // fp8 -> half
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint16_t
// vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint8_t>(const uint8_t& a) {
//   return __hip_cvt_fp8_to_halfraw(a, fp8_type::__default_interpret).x;
// }

// // fp8x2 -> half2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint32_t
// vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a) {
//   union {
//     __half2_raw h2r;
//     uint32_t ui32;
//   } tmp;
//   tmp.h2r = __hip_cvt_fp8x2_to_halfraw2(a, fp8_type::__default_interpret);
//   return tmp.ui32;
// }

// // fp8x4 -> half2x2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint2 vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a) {
//   union {
//     uint2 u32x2;
//     uint32_t u32[2];
//   } tmp;
//   tmp.u32[0] = vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a);
//   tmp.u32[1] = vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U));
//   return tmp.u32x2;
// }

// // fp8x8 -> half2x4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint4 vec_conversion<uint4, uint2>(const uint2& a) {
//   union {
//     uint4 u64x2;
//     uint2 u64[2];
//   } tmp;
//   tmp.u64[0] = vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(a.x);
//   tmp.u64[1] = vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(a.y);
//   return tmp.u64x2;
// }

// using __nv_bfloat16 = __hip_bfloat16;

// // fp8 -> __nv_bfloat16
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ __nv_bfloat16
// vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>(const uint8_t& a) {
//   fp8_type f8;
//   f8.__x = a;
//   return __float2bfloat16(static_cast<float>(f8));
// }

// using __nv_bfloat162 = __hip_bfloat162;

// // fp8x2 -> __nv_bfloat162
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ __nv_bfloat162
// vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a) {
//   __nv_bfloat162 res;
//   res.x = vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>((uint8_t)a);
//   res.y = vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>((uint8_t)(a >> 8U));
//   return res;
// }

// // fp8x4 -> bf16_4_t
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ bf16_4_t
// vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a) {
//   bf16_4_t res;
//   res.x = vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a);
//   res.y = vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U));
//   return res;
// }

// // fp8x8 -> bf16_8_t
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ bf16_8_t vec_conversion<bf16_8_t, uint2>(const uint2& a) {
//   bf16_4_t tmp1, tmp2;
//   tmp1 = vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(a.x);
//   tmp2 = vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(a.y);
//   bf16_8_t res;
//   res.x = tmp1.x;
//   res.y = tmp1.y;
//   res.z = tmp2.x;
//   res.w = tmp2.y;
//   return res;
// }

// // fp8 -> float
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ float vec_conversion<float, uint8_t>(const uint8_t& a) {
//   fp8_type f8;
//   f8.__x = a;
//   return static_cast<float>(f8);
// }

// // fp8x2 -> float2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ float2
// vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a) {
//   fp8x2_type f8x2;
//   f8x2.__x = a;
//   return static_cast<float2>(f8x2);
// }

// // fp8x4 -> float4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ Float4_
// vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a) {
//   Float4_ res;
//   res.x = vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a);
//   res.y = vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U));
//   return res;
// }

// // fp8x4 -> float4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ float4
// vec_conversion<float4, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a) {
//   Float4_ tmp = vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a);
//   float4 res = make_float4(tmp.x.x, tmp.x.y, tmp.y.x, tmp.y.y);
//   return res;
// }

// // fp8x8 -> float8
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ Float8_ vec_conversion<Float8_, uint2>(const uint2& a) {
//   Float4_ tmp1, tmp2;
//   tmp1 = vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a.x);
//   tmp2 = vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a.y);
//   Float8_ res;
//   res.x = tmp1.x;
//   res.y = tmp1.y;
//   res.z = tmp2.x;
//   res.w = tmp2.y;
//   return res;
// }

// // half -> fp8
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint8_t
// vec_conversion<uint8_t, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a) {
//   __half_raw tmp;
//   tmp.x = a;
//   return __hip_cvt_halfraw_to_fp8(tmp, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
//                                   fp8_type::__default_interpret);
// }

// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint16_t
// vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a) {
//   union {
//     uint32_t ui32;
//     __half2_raw h2r;
//   } tmp;
//   tmp.ui32 = a;
//   return __hip_cvt_halfraw2_to_fp8x2(tmp.h2r, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
//                                      fp8_type::__default_interpret);
// }

// // bf16 -> fp8
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint8_t
// vec_conversion<uint8_t, __nv_bfloat16>(const __nv_bfloat16& a) {
//   return __hip_cvt_float_to_fp8(__bfloat162float(a),
//                                 fp8_type::__default_saturation,
//                                 fp8_type::__default_interpret);
// }

// // float -> fp8
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint8_t vec_conversion<uint8_t, float>(const float& a) {
//   return __hip_cvt_float_to_fp8(a, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
//                                 fp8_type::__default_interpret);
// }

// // float2 -> half2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint32_t
// vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(const float2& a) {
//   union {
//     half2 float16;
//     uint32_t uint32;
//   };

//   float16 = __float22half2_rn(a);
//   return uint32;
// }

// // Float4 -> half2x2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint2 vec_conversion<uint2, Float4_>(const Float4_& a) {
//   uint2 b;
//   float2 val;
//   val.x = a.x.x;
//   val.y = a.x.y;
//   b.x = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(val);

//   val.x = a.y.x;
//   val.y = a.y.y;
//   b.y = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(val);
//   return b;
// }

// // Float4 -> float4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ float4 vec_conversion<float4, Float4_>(const Float4_& a) {
//   float4 b;
//   b.x = a.x.x;
//   b.y = a.x.y;
//   b.z = a.y.x;
//   b.w = a.y.y;
//   return b;
// }

// // Float8 -> half2x4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ uint4 vec_conversion<uint4, Float8_>(const Float8_& a) {
//   uint4 b;
//   b.x = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(a.x);
//   b.y = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(a.y);
//   b.z = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(a.z);
//   b.w = vec_conversion<uint32_t, float2>(a.w);
//   return b;
// }

// // float2 -> bfloat162
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ __nv_bfloat162
// vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, float2>(const float2& a) {
//   __nv_bfloat162 b = __float22bfloat162_rn(a);
//   return b;
// }

// // Float4 -> bfloat162x2
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ bf16_4_t
// vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, Float4_>(const Float4_& a) {
//   bf16_4_t b;
//   b.x = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.x);
//   b.y = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.y);
//   return b;
// }

// // Float8 -> bfloat162x4
// template <>
// __inline__ __device__ bf16_8_t
// vec_conversion<bf16_8_t, Float8_>(const Float8_& a) {
//   bf16_8_t b;
//   b.x = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.x);
//   b.y = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.y);
//   b.z = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.z);
//   b.w = __float22bfloat162_rn(a.w);
//   return b;
// }

/* Scaled and vectorized conversions, for data exchange between high and low
   precision domains

   Convention of the scale in API, e.g: FP8_data = Quantization(
   High_Precision_data / scale ) s.t. Quantize(HP / scale) => FP8 Dequant(FP8) *
   scale =>  HP

 */

using __nv_bfloat16 = __hip_bfloat16;

// fp8 -> __nv_bfloat16
template <>
__inline__ __device__ __nv_bfloat16
scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>(const uint8_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2) {
    assert(false);
  }

  return __float2bfloat16(fp8_to_float(a) * scale);
  // fp8_type f8;
  // f8.__x = a;
  // return __float2bfloat16(static_cast<float>(f8) * scale);
}

// fp8x2 -> __nv_bfloat162
template <>
__inline__ __device__ __nv_bfloat162
scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a,
                                                float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  __nv_bfloat162 res;
  res.x = scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>((uint8_t)a, scale, kv_type);
  res.y =
      scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t>((uint8_t)(a >> 8U), scale, kv_type);
  return res;
}

// fp8x4 -> bf16_4_t
template <>
__inline__ __device__ bf16_4_t
scaled_vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  bf16_4_t res;
  res.x = scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a, scale, kv_type);
  res.y = scaled_vec_conversion<__nv_bfloat162, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U),
                                                          scale, kv_type);
  return res;
}

// fp8x8 -> bf16_8_t
template <>
__inline__ __device__ bf16_8_t
scaled_vec_conversion<bf16_8_t, uint2>(const uint2& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  bf16_4_t tmp1, tmp2;
  tmp1 = scaled_vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp2 = scaled_vec_conversion<bf16_4_t, uint32_t>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  bf16_8_t res;
  res.x = tmp1.x;
  res.y = tmp1.y;
  res.z = tmp2.x;
  res.w = tmp2.y;
  return res;
}

// fp8 -> float
template <>
__inline__ __device__ float scaled_vec_conversion<float, uint8_t>(
    const uint8_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
    if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2) {
      assert(false);
    }
    return fp8_to_float(a) * scale;
  // fp8_type f8;
  // f8.__x = a;
  // return static_cast<float>(f8) * scale;
}

// fp8x2 -> float2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ float2
scaled_vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
    float2 f2r;
    f2r.x = scaled_vec_conversion<float, uint8_t>((uint8_t)a, scale, kv_type);
    f2r.y = scaled_vec_conversion<float, uint8_t>((uint8_t)(a >> 8U), scale, kv_type);
    return f2r;
    // [[maybe_unused]] 
  // fp8x2_type f8x2;
  // f8x2.__x = a;
  // return static_cast<float2>(f8x2) * scale;
}

// fp8x4 -> float4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ Float4_
scaled_vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a, const float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  Float4_ res;
  res.x = scaled_vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a, scale, kv_type);
  res.y = scaled_vec_conversion<float2, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U), scale, kv_type);
  return res;
}

// fp8x4 -> float4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ float4
scaled_vec_conversion<float4, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  Float4_ res = scaled_vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a, scale, kv_type);
  return {res.x.x, res.x.y, res.y.x, res.y.y};
}

// fp8x8 -> float8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ Float8_
scaled_vec_conversion<Float8_, uint2>(const uint2& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  Float4_ tmp1, tmp2;
  tmp1 = scaled_vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp2 = scaled_vec_conversion<Float4_, uint32_t>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  Float8_ res;
  res.x = tmp1.x;
  res.y = tmp1.y;
  res.z = tmp2.x;
  res.w = tmp2.y;
  return res;
}

// fp8 -> half
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint16_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint8_t>(const uint8_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2) {
    assert(false);
  }
  float res = fp8_to_float(a) * scale;
  return float_to_half(res);
  // __half_raw res;
  // res.data = scaled_vec_conversion<float, uint8_t>(a, scale);
  // return res.x;
}

// fp8x2 -> half2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint32_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint16_t u16[2];
    uint32_t u32;
  } res;
  res.u16[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint8_t>((uint8_t)a, scale, kv_type);
  res.u16[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint8_t>((uint8_t)(a >> 8U), scale, kv_type);
  return res.u32;
  // [[maybe_unused]] __half2_raw h2r =
  //     __hip_cvt_fp8x2_to_halfraw2(a, fp8_type::__default_interpret);
  // union {
  //   __half2_raw h2r;
  //   uint32_t ui32;
  // } tmp;
  // tmp.h2r = __hip_cvt_fp8x2_to_halfraw2(a, fp8_type::__default_interpret);
  // tmp.h2r.x.data *= scale;
  // tmp.h2r.y.data *= scale;
  // return tmp.ui32;
}

// fp8x4 -> half2x2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint2
scaled_vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint2 u32x2;
    uint32_t u32[2];
  } tmp;
  tmp.u32[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>((uint16_t)a, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.u32[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint16_t>((uint16_t)(a >> 16U), scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.u32x2;
}

// fp8x8 -> half2x4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint4 scaled_vec_conversion<uint4, uint2>(const uint2& a,
                                                                float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint4 u64x2;
    uint2 u64[2];
  } tmp;
  tmp.u64[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.u64[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint2, uint32_t>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.u64x2;
}

// half -> fp8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint8_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, uint16_t>(const uint16_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  float res_f = half_to_float(a) / scale;
  if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3) {
    return float_to_fp8_e4m3(res_f);
  } else {
    return float_to_fp8_e5m2(res_f);
  }
  // __half_raw tmp;
  // tmp.x = a;
  // tmp.data /= scale;
  // return __hip_cvt_halfraw_to_fp8(tmp, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
  //                                 fp8_type::__default_interpret);
}

// halfx2 -> fp8x2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint16_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint32_t>(const uint32_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint8_t ui8[2];
    uint16_t ui16;
  } tmp;
  union {
    uint32_t ui32;
    half2 h2r;
  } tmp_a;
  tmp_a.ui32 = a;
  tmp.ui8[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, uint16_t>(tmp_a.h2r.data[0], scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui8[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, uint16_t>(tmp_a.h2r.data[1], scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui16;
  // union {
  //   uint32_t ui32;
  //   __half2_raw h2r;
  // } tmp;
  // tmp.ui32 = a;
  // tmp.h2r.x.data /= scale;
  // tmp.h2r.y.data /= scale;
  // return __hip_cvt_halfraw2_to_fp8x2(tmp.h2r, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
  //                                    fp8_type::__default_interpret);
}

// half2x2 -> fp8x4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint32_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint2>(const uint2& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint16_t ui16[2];
    uint32_t ui32;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui16[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint32_t>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui16[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, uint32_t>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui32;
}

// half2x4 -> fp8x8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint2 scaled_vec_conversion<uint2, uint4>(const uint4& a,
                                                                float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint2 ui2[2];
    uint4 ui4;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui4 = a;
  uint2 res;
  res.x = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint2>(tmp.ui2[0], scale, kv_type);
  res.y = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, uint2>(tmp.ui2[1], scale, kv_type);
  return res;
}

// bf16 -> fp8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint8_t scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, __nv_bfloat16>(
    const __nv_bfloat16& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
      float res_f = (static_cast<float>(a)) / scale;
      if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3) {
        return float_to_fp8_e4m3(res_f);
      } else {
        return float_to_fp8_e5m2(res_f);
      }
  // return __hip_cvt_float_to_fp8(__bfloat162float(a) / scale,
  //                               fp8_type::__default_saturation,
  //                               fp8_type::__default_interpret);
}

// bf16x2 -> fp8x2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint16_t scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, __nv_bfloat162>(
    const __nv_bfloat162& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint8_t ui8[2];
    uint16_t ui16;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui8[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, __nv_bfloat16>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui8[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, __nv_bfloat16>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui16;
}

// bf16x4 -> fp8x4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint32_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, bf16_4_t>(const bf16_4_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint16_t ui16[2];
    uint32_t ui32;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui16[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, __nv_bfloat162>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui16[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, __nv_bfloat162>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui32;
}

// bf16x8 -> fp8x8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint2
scaled_vec_conversion<uint2, bf16_8_t>(const bf16_8_t& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  uint2 res;
  res.x = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, bf16_4_t>({a.x, a.y}, scale, kv_type);
  res.y = scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, bf16_4_t>({a.z, a.w}, scale, kv_type);
  return res;
}

// float -> fp8
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint8_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, float>(const float& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  if (kv_type == vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3) {
    return float_to_fp8_e4m3(a / scale);
  } else {
    return float_to_fp8_e5m2(a / scale);
  }
  // return __hip_cvt_float_to_fp8(a / scale, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
  //                               fp8_type::__default_interpret);
}

// floatx2 -> fp8x2
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint16_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, float2>(const float2& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint8_t ui8[2];
    uint16_t ui16;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui8[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, float>(a.x, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui8[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint8_t, float>(a.y, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui16;
  // return __hip_cvt_float2_to_fp8x2(a / scale, fp8_type::__default_saturation,
  //                                  fp8_type::__default_interpret);
}

// floatx4 -> fp8x4
template <>
__inline__ __device__ uint32_t
scaled_vec_conversion<uint32_t, float4>(const float4& a, float scale, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_type) {
  union {
    uint16_t ui16[2];
    uint32_t ui32;
  } tmp;
  tmp.ui16[0] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, float2>({a.x, a.y}, scale, kv_type);
  tmp.ui16[1] = scaled_vec_conversion<uint16_t, float2>({a.z, a.w}, scale, kv_type);
  return tmp.ui32;
}
  // #endif  // ENABLE_FP8

// template <typename Tout, typename Tin, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_dt>
// __inline__ __device__ Tout convert(const Tin& x) {
//   #ifdef ENABLE_FP8
//   if constexpr (kv_dt == Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3) {
//     return vec_conversion<Tout, Tin>(x);
//   }
//   #endif
//   assert(false);
//   return {};  // Squash missing return statement warning
// }

template <typename Tout, typename Tin, Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_dt>
__inline__ __device__ Tout scaled_convert(const Tin& x, const float scale) {
  // #ifdef ENABLE_FP8
  if constexpr (kv_dt == Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3 || kv_dt == Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2) {
    return scaled_vec_conversion<Tout, Tin>(x, scale, kv_dt);
  }
  // #endif
  assert(false);
  return {};  // Squash missing return statement warning
}

  // The following macro is used to dispatch the conversion function based on
  // the data type of the key and value cache. The FN is a macro that calls a
  // function with template<typename scalar_t, typename cache_t,
  // Fp8KVCacheDataType kv_dt>.
  #define DISPATCH_BY_KV_CACHE_DTYPE(SRC_DTYPE, KV_DTYPE, FN)                  \
    if (KV_DTYPE == "auto") {                                                  \
      if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                                \
        FN(float, float, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kAuto);                     \
      } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                          \
        FN(uint16_t, uint16_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kAuto);               \
      } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                      \
        FN(__nv_bfloat16, __nv_bfloat16, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kAuto);     \
      } else {                                                                 \
        TORCH_CHECK(false, "Unsupported input type of kv cache: ", SRC_DTYPE); \
      }                                                                        \
    } else if (KV_DTYPE == "int8") {                                           \
      if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                                \
        FN(float, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kInt8);                   \
      } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                          \
        FN(uint16_t, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kInt8);                \
      } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                      \
        FN(__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kInt8);           \
      } else {                                                                 \
        TORCH_CHECK(false,"Unsupported input type of kv cache: ", SRC_DTYPE);  \
      }                                                                        \
    } else {                                                                   \
      if (KV_DTYPE == "fp8" || KV_DTYPE == "fp8_e4m3" || KV_DTYPE == "fp8_ds_mla") {                       \
        if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                              \
          FN(float, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3);              \
        } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                        \
          FN(uint16_t, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3);           \
        } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                    \
          FN(__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E4M3);      \
        } else {                                                               \
          TORCH_CHECK(false,                                                   \
                      "Unsupported input type of kv cache: ", SRC_DTYPE);      \
        }                                                                      \
      }                                                                        \
      else if (KV_DTYPE == "fp8_e5m2") {                                       \
        if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                              \
          FN(float, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2);              \
        } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                        \
          FN(uint16_t, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2);           \
        } else if (SRC_DTYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                    \
          FN(__nv_bfloat16, uint8_t, vllm::Fp8KVCacheDataType::kFp8E5M2);      \
        } else {                                                               \
          TORCH_CHECK(false,                                                   \
                      "Unsupported input type of kv cache: ", SRC_DTYPE);      \
        }                                                                      \
      } else {                                                                 \
        TORCH_CHECK(false, "Unsupported data type of kv cache: ", KV_DTYPE);   \
      }                                                                        \
    }

}  // namespace fp8
#endif  // USE_ROCM
}  // namespace vllm