qwen3_next.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
"""Inference-only Qwen3Next model."""

from collections.abc import Iterable
from itertools import islice

import torch
from einops import rearrange
from torch import nn
from transformers.activations import ACT2FN

from vllm import envs
from vllm.compilation.decorators import support_torch_compile
from vllm.config import (
    CacheConfig,
    ModelConfig,
    VllmConfig,
    get_current_vllm_config,
)
from vllm.distributed import (
    divide,
    get_ep_group,
    get_pp_group,
    get_tensor_model_parallel_rank,
    get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size,
    tensor_model_parallel_all_gather,
)
from vllm.forward_context import ForwardContext, get_forward_context
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.model_executor.custom_op import CustomOp
from vllm.model_executor.layers.attention import Attention
from vllm.model_executor.layers.fla.ops import (
    chunk_gated_delta_rule as fla_chunk_gated_delta_rule,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.fla.ops import (
    fused_recurrent_gated_delta_rule_packed_decode,
    fused_sigmoid_gating_delta_rule_update,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.fla.ops.chunk import l2norm_fwd
from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe import SharedFusedMoE
from vllm.model_executor.layers.layernorm import (
    GemmaRMSNorm as Qwen3NextRMSNorm,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.layernorm import RMSNormGated
from vllm.model_executor.layers.linear import (
    ColumnParallelLinear,
    MergedColumnParallelLinear,
    QKVParallelLinear,
    ReplicatedLinear,
    RowParallelLinear,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.logits_processor import LogitsProcessor
from vllm.model_executor.layers.mamba.abstract import MambaBase
from vllm.model_executor.layers.mamba.mamba_mixer2 import mamba_v2_sharded_weight_loader
from vllm.model_executor.layers.mamba.mamba_utils import (
    MambaStateCopyFunc,
    MambaStateCopyFuncCalculator,
    MambaStateDtypeCalculator,
    MambaStateShapeCalculator,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.mamba.ops.causal_conv1d import (
    causal_conv1d_fn,
    causal_conv1d_update,
)
from vllm.model_executor.layers.quantization import QuantizationConfig
from vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding import get_rope
from vllm.model_executor.layers.vocab_parallel_embedding import (
    ParallelLMHead,
    VocabParallelEmbedding,
)
from vllm.model_executor.model_loader.weight_utils import (
    default_weight_loader,
    maybe_remap_kv_scale_name,
    sharded_weight_loader,
)
from vllm.model_executor.models.qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeMLP as Qwen3NextMLP
from vllm.model_executor.models.utils import sequence_parallel_chunk
from vllm.model_executor.utils import set_weight_attrs
from vllm.platforms import current_platform
from vllm.sequence import IntermediateTensors
from vllm.transformers_utils.configs.qwen3_next import Qwen3NextConfig
from vllm.triton_utils import tl, triton
from vllm.utils.multi_stream_utils import maybe_execute_in_parallel
from vllm.utils.torch_utils import (
    aux_stream,
    direct_register_custom_op,
)
from vllm.v1.attention.backend import AttentionMetadata
from vllm.v1.attention.backends.gdn_attn import GDNAttentionMetadata

from .interfaces import (
    HasInnerState,
    IsHybrid,
    MixtureOfExperts,
    SupportsLoRA,
    SupportsPP,
)
from .utils import (
    AutoWeightsLoader,
    PPMissingLayer,
    extract_layer_index,
    is_pp_missing_parameter,
    make_empty_intermediate_tensors_factory,
    make_layers,
    maybe_prefix,
)

logger = init_logger(__name__)

KVCache = tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]


def fi_chunk_gated_delta_rule(
    q: torch.Tensor,
    k: torch.Tensor,
    v: torch.Tensor,
    g: torch.Tensor,
    beta: torch.Tensor,
    initial_state: torch.Tensor,
    output_final_state: bool,
    cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: bool = True,
):
    from flashinfer.gdn_prefill import (
        chunk_gated_delta_rule as chunk_gated_delta_rule_fi,
    )

    if use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel:
        q = l2norm_fwd(q)
        k = l2norm_fwd(k)

    # use flashinfer implementation
    q = q.squeeze(0).contiguous()
    k = k.squeeze(0).contiguous()
    v = v.squeeze(0).contiguous()

    g = g.squeeze(0).contiguous()
    beta = beta.squeeze(0).contiguous()
    fi_state = initial_state.to(torch.float32)
    fi_g = g.to(torch.float32)
    fi_beta = beta.to(torch.float32)
    result = chunk_gated_delta_rule_fi(
        q=q,
        k=k,
        v=v,
        g=torch.exp(fi_g),
        beta=fi_beta,
        initial_state=fi_state,
        output_final_state=output_final_state,
        cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
    )
    # FlashInfer returns (output, state) when output_final_state=True,
    # or just output when output_final_state=False.
    # Unsqueeze back to 4D (1, L, H, D) to match fla output format
    if output_final_state:
        output, final_state = result
        return output.unsqueeze(0), final_state
    else:
        return result.unsqueeze(0), None


@CustomOp.register("chunk_gated_delta_rule")
class ChunkGatedDeltaRule(CustomOp):
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        backend = (
            str(
                get_current_vllm_config().additional_config.get(
                    "gdn_prefill_backend", "auto"
                )
            )
            .strip()
            .lower()
        )
        supports_flashinfer = (
            current_platform.is_cuda() and current_platform.is_device_capability(90)
        )

        if backend == "flashinfer":
            use_flashinfer = supports_flashinfer
            if not use_flashinfer:
                logger.warning_once(
                    "GDN prefill backend 'flashinfer' is selected but "
                    "cannot use this kernel on the current platform. "
                    "Falling back to Triton/FLA."
                )
        elif backend == "triton":
            use_flashinfer = False
        else:
            use_flashinfer = supports_flashinfer

        if use_flashinfer:
            logger.info_once("Using FlashInfer GDN prefill kernel", scope="local")
            logger.info_once(
                "FlashInfer GDN prefill kernel is JIT-compiled; first run may "
                "take a while to compile. Set `--gdn-prefill-backend triton` to "
                "avoid JIT compile time.",
                scope="local",
            )
        else:
            logger.info_once("Using Triton/FLA GDN prefill kernel", scope="local")

        self._forward_method = (
            self.forward_cuda if use_flashinfer else self.forward_native
        )

    def forward_cuda(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        k: torch.Tensor,
        v: torch.Tensor,
        g: torch.Tensor,
        beta: torch.Tensor,
        initial_state: torch.Tensor,
        output_final_state: bool,
        cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: bool = True,
    ):
        return fi_chunk_gated_delta_rule(
            q=q,
            k=k,
            v=v,
            g=g,
            beta=beta,
            initial_state=initial_state,
            output_final_state=output_final_state,
            cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
            use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel,
        )

    def forward_native(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        k: torch.Tensor,
        v: torch.Tensor,
        g: torch.Tensor,
        beta: torch.Tensor,
        initial_state: torch.Tensor,
        output_final_state: bool,
        cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: bool = True,
    ):
        return fla_chunk_gated_delta_rule(
            q=q,
            k=k,
            v=v,
            g=g,
            beta=beta,
            initial_state=initial_state,
            output_final_state=output_final_state,
            cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
            use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel,
        )


class Qwen3NextSparseMoeBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, vllm_config: VllmConfig, prefix: str = ""):
        super().__init__()

        config = vllm_config.model_config.hf_text_config
        parallel_config = vllm_config.parallel_config
        quant_config = vllm_config.quant_config

        self.tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()

        self.ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
        self.ep_rank = get_ep_group().rank_in_group
        self.ep_size = self.ep_group.size()
        self.n_routed_experts = config.num_experts

        self.is_sequence_parallel = parallel_config.use_sequence_parallel_moe

        if self.tp_size > config.num_experts:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Tensor parallel size {self.tp_size} is greater than "
                f"the number of experts {config.num_experts}."
            )

        # Load balancing settings.
        vllm_config = get_current_vllm_config()
        eplb_config = vllm_config.parallel_config.eplb_config
        self.enable_eplb = parallel_config.enable_eplb

        self.n_logical_experts = self.n_routed_experts
        self.n_redundant_experts = eplb_config.num_redundant_experts
        self.n_physical_experts = self.n_logical_experts + self.n_redundant_experts
        self.n_local_physical_experts = self.n_physical_experts // self.ep_size

        self.physical_expert_start = self.ep_rank * self.n_local_physical_experts
        self.physical_expert_end = (
            self.physical_expert_start + self.n_local_physical_experts
        )

        self.gate = ReplicatedLinear(
            config.hidden_size,
            config.num_experts,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=None,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.gate",
        )

        self.shared_expert_gate = ReplicatedLinear(
            config.hidden_size,
            1,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=None,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.shared_expert_gate",
        )

        if config.shared_expert_intermediate_size > 0:
            self.shared_expert = Qwen3NextMLP(
                hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
                intermediate_size=config.shared_expert_intermediate_size,
                hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                reduce_results=False,
                expert_gate=self.shared_expert_gate,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.shared_expert",
            )
        else:
            self.shared_expert = None

        self.experts = SharedFusedMoE(
            shared_experts=self.shared_expert,
            gate=self.gate,
            num_experts=self.n_routed_experts,
            top_k=config.num_experts_per_tok,
            hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
            intermediate_size=config.moe_intermediate_size,
            reduce_results=False,
            renormalize=getattr(config, "norm_topk_prob", True),
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.experts",
            enable_eplb=self.enable_eplb,
            num_redundant_experts=self.n_redundant_experts,
            is_sequence_parallel=self.is_sequence_parallel,
        )

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        # NOTE: hidden_states can have either 1D or 2D shape.
        orig_shape = hidden_states.shape
        num_tokens, hidden_dim = hidden_states.shape
        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(-1, hidden_dim)

        if self.is_sequence_parallel:
            hidden_states = sequence_parallel_chunk(hidden_states)

        if self.experts.is_internal_router:
            # In this case, the gate/router runs inside the FusedMoE class
            final_hidden_states = self.experts(
                hidden_states=hidden_states, router_logits=hidden_states
            )
        else:
            # router_logits: (num_tokens, n_experts)
            router_logits, _ = self.gate(hidden_states)
            final_hidden_states = self.experts(
                hidden_states=hidden_states, router_logits=router_logits
            )

        if self.shared_expert is not None:
            final_hidden_states = final_hidden_states[0] + final_hidden_states[1]

        if self.is_sequence_parallel:
            final_hidden_states = tensor_model_parallel_all_gather(
                final_hidden_states, 0
            )
            final_hidden_states = final_hidden_states[:num_tokens]
        elif self.tp_size > 1:
            final_hidden_states = self.experts.maybe_all_reduce_tensor_model_parallel(  # noqa E501
                final_hidden_states
            )

        return final_hidden_states.view(orig_shape)


class Qwen3NextGatedDeltaNet(nn.Module, MambaBase):
    @property
    def mamba_type(self) -> str:
        return "gdn_attention"

    def get_state_dtype(self) -> tuple[torch.dtype, torch.dtype]:
        return MambaStateDtypeCalculator.gated_delta_net_state_dtype(
            self.model_config.dtype,
            self.cache_config.mamba_cache_dtype,
            self.cache_config.mamba_ssm_cache_dtype,
        )

    def get_state_shape(self) -> tuple[tuple[int, ...], tuple[int, ...]]:
        return MambaStateShapeCalculator.gated_delta_net_state_shape(
            self.tp_size,
            self.num_k_heads,
            self.num_v_heads,
            self.head_k_dim,
            self.head_v_dim,
            self.conv_kernel_size,
            self.num_spec,
        )

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: Qwen3NextConfig,
        vllm_config: VllmConfig,
        prefix: str = "",
        create_in_proj_qkvz: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
        self.tp_rank = get_tensor_model_parallel_rank()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.num_v_heads = config.linear_num_value_heads
        self.num_k_heads = config.linear_num_key_heads
        self.head_k_dim = config.linear_key_head_dim
        self.head_v_dim = config.linear_value_head_dim
        self.key_dim = self.head_k_dim * self.num_k_heads
        self.value_dim = self.head_v_dim * self.num_v_heads

        self.conv_kernel_size = config.linear_conv_kernel_dim
        self.layer_idx = extract_layer_index(prefix)
        self.activation = config.hidden_act
        self.act = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
        self.layer_norm_epsilon = config.rms_norm_eps
        self.prefix = prefix
        self.aux_stream = aux_stream()
        self.events = (
            [torch.cuda.Event(), torch.cuda.Event()]
            if current_platform.is_cuda_alike()
            else [None, None]
        )

        self.config = config
        self.model_config = vllm_config.model_config
        self.cache_config = vllm_config.cache_config
        quant_config = vllm_config.quant_config
        self.speculative_config = vllm_config.speculative_config
        self.num_spec = (
            self.speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens
            if self.speculative_config
            else 0
        )

        # QKV
        self.conv_dim = self.key_dim * 2 + self.value_dim
        self.conv1d = ColumnParallelLinear(
            input_size=self.conv_kernel_size,
            output_size=self.conv_dim,
            bias=False,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.conv1d",
        )
        self.conv1d.weight.data = self.conv1d.weight.data.unsqueeze(1)

        # projection of the input hidden states
        # Qwen3-Next and Qwen3.5 has a different qkv_proj layout,
        # we need to create qkvz_proj adaptively here.
        # When create_in_proj_qkvz is False (e.g. LoRA enabled in Qwen3.5),
        # the subclass creates in_proj_qkv and in_proj_z separately.
        if create_in_proj_qkvz:
            self.in_proj_qkvz = self.create_qkvz_proj(
                hidden_size=self.hidden_size,
                key_dim=self.key_dim,
                value_dim=self.value_dim,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.in_proj_qkvz",
            )
        # ba_proj doesn't support blockwise fp8 quantization.
        # Qwen3-Next and Qwen3.5 have different in_proj_ba checkpoint
        # layouts, so we use a factory method to create the projection.
        self.in_proj_ba = self.create_ba_proj(
            hidden_size=self.hidden_size,
            num_v_heads=self.num_v_heads,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.in_proj_ba",
        )

        query_key_settings = (self.key_dim, 0, False)
        value_settings = (self.value_dim, 0, False)

        delattr(self.conv1d.weight, "weight_loader")
        set_weight_attrs(
            self.conv1d.weight,
            {
                "weight_loader": mamba_v2_sharded_weight_loader(
                    [
                        query_key_settings,
                        query_key_settings,
                        value_settings,
                    ],
                    self.tp_size,
                    self.tp_rank,
                )
            },
        )

        # selective projection used to make dt, B and C input dependent

        # time step projection (discretization)
        # instantiate once and copy inv_dt in init_weights of PretrainedModel
        self.dt_bias = nn.Parameter(
            torch.ones(self.num_v_heads // self.tp_size),
        )
        self.A_log = nn.Parameter(
            torch.empty(
                divide(self.num_v_heads, self.tp_size),
                dtype=torch.float32,
            )
        )

        set_weight_attrs(self.A_log, {"weight_loader": sharded_weight_loader(0)})
        set_weight_attrs(self.dt_bias, {"weight_loader": sharded_weight_loader(0)})

        self.norm = RMSNormGated(
            self.head_v_dim,
            eps=self.layer_norm_epsilon,
            group_size=None,
            norm_before_gate=True,
            device=current_platform.current_device(),
        )

        self.out_proj = RowParallelLinear(
            self.value_dim,
            self.hidden_size,
            bias=False,
            input_is_parallel=True,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.out_proj",
        )

        self.chunk_gated_delta_rule = ChunkGatedDeltaRule()
        self.enable_packed_recurrent_decode = (
            envs.VLLM_ENABLE_FLA_PACKED_RECURRENT_DECODE
        )

        compilation_config = get_current_vllm_config().compilation_config
        if prefix in compilation_config.static_forward_context:
            raise ValueError(f"Duplicate layer name: {prefix}")
        compilation_config.static_forward_context[prefix] = self

    def create_qkvz_proj(
        self,
        hidden_size: int,
        key_dim: int,
        value_dim: int,
        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None,
        prefix: str,
    ) -> MergedColumnParallelLinear:
        return MergedColumnParallelLinear(
            input_size=hidden_size,
            output_sizes=[sum((key_dim, key_dim, value_dim, value_dim))],
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=prefix,
        )

    def create_ba_proj(
        self,
        hidden_size: int,
        num_v_heads: int,
        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None,
        prefix: str,
    ) -> MergedColumnParallelLinear:
        # Qwen3-Next stores in_proj_ba as a single fused weight with an
        # interleaved GQA layout: [b_g0, a_g0, b_g1, a_g1, ...] where
        # each group corresponds to a key-head group. We must use a single
        # output shard so that ColumnParallel sharding preserves this
        # interleaved structure across TP ranks.
        # Qwen3.5 overrides this to use [num_v_heads, num_v_heads] since
        # its checkpoint has separate in_proj_b and in_proj_a weights.
        return MergedColumnParallelLinear(
            input_size=hidden_size,
            output_sizes=[num_v_heads * 2],
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=prefix,
        )

    def fix_query_key_value_ordering(
        self,
        mixed_qkvz: torch.Tensor,
        mixed_ba: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        """
        Derives `query`, `key` and `value` tensors from `mixed_qkvzba`.
        """
        new_tensor_shape_qkvz = mixed_qkvz.size()[:-1] + (
            self.num_k_heads // self.tp_size,
            (
                self.head_k_dim
                + self.head_k_dim
                + (self.head_v_dim + self.head_v_dim)
                * self.num_v_heads
                // self.num_k_heads
            ),
        )
        new_tensor_shape_ba = mixed_qkvz.size()[:-1] + (
            self.num_k_heads // self.tp_size,
            2 * self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads,
        )

        mixed_qkvz = mixed_qkvz.view(*new_tensor_shape_qkvz)
        mixed_ba = mixed_ba.view(*new_tensor_shape_ba)

        split_arg_list_qkvz = [
            self.head_k_dim,
            self.head_k_dim,
            (self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads * self.head_v_dim),
            (self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads * self.head_v_dim),
        ]
        split_arg_list_ba = [
            self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads,
            self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads,
        ]

        # [b, sq, ng, (hn + hn + np/ng * hn + np/ng + np/ng)]
        # --> [b, sq, ng, hn], [b, sq, ng, hn], [b, sq, ng, np/ng * hn],
        #  [b, sq, ng, np/ng * hn], [b, sq, ng, np/ng], [b, sq, ng, np/ng]
        (query, key, value, z) = torch.split(mixed_qkvz, split_arg_list_qkvz, dim=2)
        (b, a) = torch.split(mixed_ba, split_arg_list_ba, dim=2)

        # [b, sq, ng, np/ng * hn] -> [b, sq, np, hn]
        value = value.reshape(value.size(0), -1, self.head_v_dim)
        z = z.reshape(z.size(0), -1, self.head_v_dim)
        b = b.reshape(b.size(0), self.num_v_heads // self.tp_size)
        a = a.reshape(a.size(0), self.num_v_heads // self.tp_size)

        return query, key, value, z, b, a

    def rearrange_mixed_qkv(self, mixed_qkv):
        if mixed_qkv is None:
            return None, None, None
        query, key, value = torch.split(
            mixed_qkv,
            [
                self.key_dim // self.tp_size,
                self.key_dim // self.tp_size,
                self.value_dim // self.tp_size,
            ],
            dim=-1,
        )
        query, key = map(
            lambda x: rearrange(x, "l (h d) -> 1 l h d", d=self.head_k_dim),
            (query, key),
        )
        value = rearrange(value, "l (h d) -> 1 l h d", d=self.head_v_dim)
        return query.contiguous(), key.contiguous(), value.contiguous()

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        output: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        """
        Forward pass with three parts:
        1. Input projection
        2. Core attention (custom op)
        3. Output projection
        """
        num_tokens = hidden_states.size(0)

        # ============================================================
        # Part 1: Input Projection
        # ============================================================
        projected_states_qkvz, projected_states_ba = torch.ops.vllm.gdn_in_proj(
            hidden_states,
            sum(self.in_proj_qkvz.output_sizes) // self.tp_size,
            sum(self.in_proj_ba.output_sizes) // self.tp_size,
            self.prefix,
        )
        query, key, value, z, b, a = self.fix_query_key_value_ordering(
            projected_states_qkvz, projected_states_ba
        )
        query, key, value = map(
            lambda x: rearrange(x, "l p d -> l (p d)"), (query, key, value)
        )
        mixed_qkv = torch.cat((query, key, value), dim=-1)

        # ============================================================
        # Part 2: Core Attention (Custom Op)
        # ============================================================
        # Note: we should not use torch.empty here like other attention backends,
        # see discussions in https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/28182
        core_attn_out = torch.zeros(
            (num_tokens, self.num_v_heads // self.tp_size, self.head_v_dim),
            dtype=hidden_states.dtype,
            device=hidden_states.device,
        )

        torch.ops.vllm.gdn_attention_core(
            mixed_qkv,
            b,
            a,
            core_attn_out,
            self.prefix,
        )

        # ============================================================
        # Part 3: Output Projection
        # ============================================================
        z_shape_og = z.shape
        # Reshape input data into 2D tensor
        core_attn_out = core_attn_out.reshape(-1, core_attn_out.shape[-1])
        z = z.reshape(-1, z.shape[-1])
        core_attn_out = self.norm(core_attn_out, z)
        core_attn_out = core_attn_out.reshape(z_shape_og)
        core_attn_out = rearrange(core_attn_out, "... h d -> ... (h d)")
        output[:num_tokens], _ = self.out_proj(core_attn_out)

    def _warmup_prefill_kernels(self, mixed_qkv: torch.Tensor) -> None:
        """Warm up GDN prefill kernels during V1 profiling.

        During V1 profile runs, ``_forward_core`` returns early because
        ``attn_metadata`` is ``None``, so the autotuned kernels used by
        ``chunk_gated_delta_rule`` (e.g. ``solve_tril``,
        ``chunk_scaled_dot_kkt``) are never invoked.  After profiling,
        vLLM allocates KV cache using most of the remaining GPU memory.
        When the first real inference triggers the autotuner it OOMs
        because there is not enough memory left for benchmarking.

        This method runs minimal forward passes through
        ``chunk_gated_delta_rule`` with small dummy tensors to force
        autotuning while GPU memory is still plentiful.  The autotuner
        results are cached globally, so only the first layer incurs
        actual benchmarking cost.

        Most kernels use a fixed ``BT = chunk_size`` (64), but
        ``chunk_fwd_kernel_o`` recomputes ``BT`` from the sequence
        length: ``min(64, max(16, next_power_of_2(T)))``.  Since ``BT``
        is part of its autotune key, we run warmup passes with T = 16,
        32, and 64 to cover all possible ``BT`` values.

        The decode path uses ``fused_sigmoid_gating_delta_rule_update``
        which has fixed kernel parameters (no autotuning), so only the
        prefill (chunked) path needs warming up.
        """
        if hasattr(self, "_prefill_kernels_warmed_up"):
            return
        self._prefill_kernels_warmed_up = True

        device = mixed_qkv.device
        dtype = mixed_qkv.dtype
        num_k_heads = self.num_k_heads // self.tp_size
        num_v_heads = self.num_v_heads // self.tp_size
        _, state_dtype = self.get_state_dtype()

        # Run warmup for each possible BT value of chunk_fwd_kernel_o:
        #   T=16 → BT=16, T=32 → BT=32, T=64 → BT=64.
        # Other kernels always use BT=chunk_size(64), so their autotune
        # cache is populated on the first pass and reused thereafter.
        for T in (16, 32, 64):
            q = torch.randn(
                1, T, num_k_heads, self.head_k_dim, device=device, dtype=dtype
            )
            k = torch.randn(
                1, T, num_k_heads, self.head_k_dim, device=device, dtype=dtype
            )
            v = torch.randn(
                1, T, num_v_heads, self.head_v_dim, device=device, dtype=dtype
            )
            # NOTE: g and beta must have the same dtypes as during
            # inference, so we construct them with the same function
            # (fused_gdn_gating). dummy_a and dummy_b are throwaway
            # inputs required by that function.
            dummy_a = torch.randn(T, num_v_heads, device=device, dtype=dtype)
            dummy_b = torch.randn(T, num_v_heads, device=device, dtype=dtype)
            g, beta = fused_gdn_gating(self.A_log, dummy_a, dummy_b, self.dt_bias)
            state = torch.zeros(
                1,
                num_v_heads,
                self.head_v_dim,
                self.head_k_dim,
                device=device,
                dtype=state_dtype,
            )
            cu_seqlens = torch.tensor([0, T], device=device, dtype=torch.int32)

            try:
                self.chunk_gated_delta_rule(
                    q=q,
                    k=k,
                    v=v,
                    g=g,
                    beta=beta,
                    initial_state=state,
                    output_final_state=True,
                    cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
                    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
                )
            except Exception:
                logger.warning(
                    "GDN prefill kernel warmup (T=%d) failed for "
                    "layer %s. First inference may OOM due to "
                    "autotuner.",
                    T,
                    self.prefix,
                    exc_info=True,
                )
            else:
                logger.debug(
                    "GDN prefill kernel warmup (T=%d) completed for layer %s",
                    T,
                    self.prefix,
                )
            finally:
                del q, k, v, dummy_a, dummy_b, g, beta, state, cu_seqlens

        torch.accelerator.empty_cache()

    def _forward_in_proj(
        self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        projected_states_qkvz, projected_states_ba = maybe_execute_in_parallel(
            lambda: self.in_proj_qkvz(hidden_states)[0],
            lambda: self.in_proj_ba(hidden_states)[0],
            self.events[0],
            self.events[1],
            self.aux_stream,
        )
        return projected_states_qkvz, projected_states_ba

    def _forward_core(
        self,
        mixed_qkv: torch.Tensor,
        b: torch.Tensor,
        a: torch.Tensor,
        core_attn_out: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        forward_context = get_forward_context()
        attn_metadata: AttentionMetadata = forward_context.attn_metadata

        if attn_metadata is None:
            # V1 profile run — warm up prefill kernels so that
            # autotuning completes before KV cache allocation.
            self._warmup_prefill_kernels(mixed_qkv)
            return

        assert isinstance(attn_metadata, dict)
        attn_metadata = attn_metadata[self.prefix]
        assert isinstance(attn_metadata, GDNAttentionMetadata)

        if (
            self.enable_packed_recurrent_decode
            and attn_metadata.spec_sequence_masks is None
            and attn_metadata.num_prefills == 0
            and attn_metadata.num_decodes > 0
        ):
            return self._forward_core_decode_non_spec(
                mixed_qkv=mixed_qkv,
                b=b,
                a=a,
                core_attn_out=core_attn_out,
                attn_metadata=attn_metadata,
            )

        has_initial_state = attn_metadata.has_initial_state
        spec_query_start_loc = attn_metadata.spec_query_start_loc
        non_spec_query_start_loc = attn_metadata.non_spec_query_start_loc
        spec_sequence_masks = attn_metadata.spec_sequence_masks
        spec_token_indx = attn_metadata.spec_token_indx
        non_spec_token_indx = attn_metadata.non_spec_token_indx
        spec_state_indices_tensor = attn_metadata.spec_state_indices_tensor  # noqa: E501
        non_spec_state_indices_tensor = attn_metadata.non_spec_state_indices_tensor  # noqa: E501
        self_kv_cache = self.kv_cache
        conv_state = self_kv_cache[0].transpose(-1, -2)
        ssm_state = self_kv_cache[1]
        num_actual_tokens = attn_metadata.num_actual_tokens
        num_accepted_tokens = attn_metadata.num_accepted_tokens

        mixed_qkv = mixed_qkv[:num_actual_tokens]
        b = b[:num_actual_tokens]
        a = a[:num_actual_tokens]

        # 1. Convolution sequence transformation
        conv_weights = self.conv1d.weight.view(
            self.conv1d.weight.size(0), self.conv1d.weight.size(2)
        )

        if spec_sequence_masks is not None:
            if attn_metadata.num_prefills == 0 and attn_metadata.num_decodes == 0:
                mixed_qkv_spec = mixed_qkv
                mixed_qkv_non_spec = None
            else:
                mixed_qkv_spec = mixed_qkv.index_select(0, spec_token_indx)
                mixed_qkv_non_spec = mixed_qkv.index_select(0, non_spec_token_indx)
        else:
            mixed_qkv_spec = None
            mixed_qkv_non_spec = mixed_qkv

        # 1.1: Process the multi-query part
        if spec_sequence_masks is not None:
            mixed_qkv_spec = causal_conv1d_update(
                mixed_qkv_spec,
                conv_state,
                conv_weights,
                self.conv1d.bias,
                self.activation,
                conv_state_indices=spec_state_indices_tensor[:, 0][
                    : attn_metadata.num_spec_decodes
                ],
                num_accepted_tokens=num_accepted_tokens,
                query_start_loc=spec_query_start_loc,
                max_query_len=spec_state_indices_tensor.size(-1),
                validate_data=False,
            )

        # 1.2: Process the remaining part
        if attn_metadata.num_prefills > 0:
            mixed_qkv_non_spec_T = mixed_qkv_non_spec.transpose(0, 1)
            # - "cache_indices" updates the conv_state cache in positions
            #   pointed to by "state_indices_tensor"
            mixed_qkv_non_spec = causal_conv1d_fn(
                mixed_qkv_non_spec_T,
                conv_weights,
                self.conv1d.bias,
                activation=self.activation,
                conv_states=conv_state,
                has_initial_state=has_initial_state,
                cache_indices=non_spec_state_indices_tensor,
                query_start_loc=non_spec_query_start_loc,
                metadata=attn_metadata,
            ).transpose(0, 1)
        elif attn_metadata.num_decodes > 0:
            mixed_qkv_non_spec = causal_conv1d_update(
                mixed_qkv_non_spec,
                conv_state,
                conv_weights,
                self.conv1d.bias,
                self.activation,
                conv_state_indices=non_spec_state_indices_tensor[
                    : attn_metadata.num_actual_tokens
                ],
                validate_data=True,
            )
        else:
            mixed_qkv_non_spec = None

        query_spec, key_spec, value_spec = self.rearrange_mixed_qkv(mixed_qkv_spec)
        query_non_spec, key_non_spec, value_non_spec = self.rearrange_mixed_qkv(
            mixed_qkv_non_spec
        )

        if attn_metadata.num_prefills > 0:
            g, beta = fused_gdn_gating(self.A_log, a, b, self.dt_bias)
            if spec_sequence_masks is not None:
                g_non_spec = g.index_select(1, non_spec_token_indx)
                beta_non_spec = beta.index_select(1, non_spec_token_indx)
            else:
                g_non_spec = g
                beta_non_spec = beta
        else:
            g_non_spec = None
            beta_non_spec = None

        # 2. Recurrent attention

        # 2.1: Process the multi-query part
        if spec_sequence_masks is not None:
            core_attn_out_spec, last_recurrent_state = (
                fused_sigmoid_gating_delta_rule_update(
                    A_log=self.A_log,
                    a=a,
                    b=b,
                    dt_bias=self.dt_bias,
                    q=query_spec,
                    k=key_spec,
                    v=value_spec,
                    initial_state=ssm_state,
                    inplace_final_state=True,
                    cu_seqlens=spec_query_start_loc[
                        : attn_metadata.num_spec_decodes + 1
                    ],
                    ssm_state_indices=spec_state_indices_tensor,
                    num_accepted_tokens=num_accepted_tokens,
                    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
                )
            )
        else:
            core_attn_out_spec, last_recurrent_state = None, None

        # 2.2: Process the remaining part
        if attn_metadata.num_prefills > 0:
            initial_state = ssm_state[non_spec_state_indices_tensor].contiguous()
            initial_state[~has_initial_state, ...] = 0
            (
                core_attn_out_non_spec,
                last_recurrent_state,
            ) = self.chunk_gated_delta_rule(
                q=query_non_spec,
                k=key_non_spec,
                v=value_non_spec,
                g=g_non_spec,
                beta=beta_non_spec,
                initial_state=initial_state,
                output_final_state=True,
                cu_seqlens=non_spec_query_start_loc,
                use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
            )
            # Init cache
            ssm_state[non_spec_state_indices_tensor] = last_recurrent_state.to(
                ssm_state.dtype
            )
        elif attn_metadata.num_decodes > 0:
            core_attn_out_non_spec, last_recurrent_state = (
                fused_sigmoid_gating_delta_rule_update(
                    A_log=self.A_log,
                    a=a,
                    b=b,
                    dt_bias=self.dt_bias,
                    q=query_non_spec,
                    k=key_non_spec,
                    v=value_non_spec,
                    initial_state=ssm_state,
                    inplace_final_state=True,
                    cu_seqlens=non_spec_query_start_loc[
                        : attn_metadata.num_decodes + 1
                    ],
                    ssm_state_indices=non_spec_state_indices_tensor,
                    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
                )
            )
        else:
            core_attn_out_non_spec, last_recurrent_state = None, None

        # 3. Merge core attention output
        if spec_sequence_masks is not None and core_attn_out_non_spec is not None:
            merged_out = torch.empty(
                (1, num_actual_tokens, *core_attn_out_spec.shape[2:]),
                dtype=core_attn_out_non_spec.dtype,
                device=core_attn_out_non_spec.device,
            )
            merged_out.index_copy_(1, spec_token_indx, core_attn_out_spec)
            merged_out.index_copy_(1, non_spec_token_indx, core_attn_out_non_spec)
            core_attn_out[:num_actual_tokens] = merged_out.squeeze(0)
        elif spec_sequence_masks is not None:
            core_attn_out[:num_actual_tokens] = core_attn_out_spec.squeeze(0)
        else:
            core_attn_out[:num_actual_tokens] = core_attn_out_non_spec.squeeze(0)

    def _forward_core_decode_non_spec(
        self,
        mixed_qkv: torch.Tensor,
        b: torch.Tensor,
        a: torch.Tensor,
        core_attn_out: torch.Tensor,
        attn_metadata: GDNAttentionMetadata,
    ):
        """
        Core attention computation with a packed non-spec decode fast path.
        """
        non_spec_state_indices_tensor = attn_metadata.non_spec_state_indices_tensor  # noqa: E501
        self_kv_cache = self.kv_cache
        conv_state = self_kv_cache[0].transpose(-1, -2)
        ssm_state = self_kv_cache[1]
        num_actual_tokens = attn_metadata.num_actual_tokens

        mixed_qkv = mixed_qkv[:num_actual_tokens]
        b = b[:num_actual_tokens]
        a = a[:num_actual_tokens]

        conv_weights = self.conv1d.weight.view(
            self.conv1d.weight.size(0), self.conv1d.weight.size(2)
        )
        mixed_qkv_non_spec = causal_conv1d_update(
            mixed_qkv,
            conv_state,
            conv_weights,
            self.conv1d.bias,
            self.activation,
            conv_state_indices=non_spec_state_indices_tensor[:num_actual_tokens],
            validate_data=False,
        )
        out_buf = core_attn_out[:num_actual_tokens].unsqueeze(1)
        fused_recurrent_gated_delta_rule_packed_decode(
            mixed_qkv=mixed_qkv_non_spec,
            a=a,
            b=b,
            A_log=self.A_log,
            dt_bias=self.dt_bias,
            scale=self.head_k_dim**-0.5,
            initial_state=ssm_state,
            out=out_buf,
            ssm_state_indices=non_spec_state_indices_tensor[:num_actual_tokens],
            use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
        )
        return


class Qwen3NextAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: Qwen3NextConfig,
        model_config: ModelConfig | None = None,
        cache_config: CacheConfig | None = None,
        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None = None,
        prefix: str = "",
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
        self.total_num_heads = config.num_attention_heads
        assert self.total_num_heads % tp_size == 0
        self.num_heads = self.total_num_heads // tp_size
        self.total_num_kv_heads = config.num_key_value_heads
        if self.total_num_kv_heads >= tp_size:
            # Number of KV heads is greater than TP size, so we partition
            # the KV heads across multiple tensor parallel GPUs.
            assert self.total_num_kv_heads % tp_size == 0
        else:
            # Number of KV heads is less than TP size, so we replicate
            # the KV heads across multiple tensor parallel GPUs.
            assert tp_size % self.total_num_kv_heads == 0
        self.num_kv_heads = max(1, self.total_num_kv_heads // tp_size)
        self.head_dim = config.head_dim or (self.hidden_size // self.num_heads)
        self.q_size = self.num_heads * self.head_dim
        self.kv_size = self.num_kv_heads * self.head_dim
        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.dual_chunk_attention_config = getattr(
            config, "dual_chunk_attention_config", None
        )
        self.attn_output_gate = getattr(config, "attn_output_gate", True)

        self.qkv_proj = QKVParallelLinear(
            config.hidden_size,
            self.head_dim,
            self.total_num_heads * (1 + self.attn_output_gate),
            self.total_num_kv_heads,
            bias=getattr(config, "qkv_bias", False),
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.qkv_proj",
        )

        self.o_proj = RowParallelLinear(
            self.total_num_heads * self.head_dim,
            config.hidden_size,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.o_proj",
        )

        self.rotary_emb = get_rope(
            head_size=self.head_dim,
            max_position=config.max_position_embeddings,
            rope_parameters=config.rope_parameters,
            dual_chunk_attention_config=self.dual_chunk_attention_config,
        )

        self.attn = Attention(
            self.num_heads,
            self.head_dim,
            self.scaling,
            num_kv_heads=self.num_kv_heads,
            cache_config=cache_config,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.attn",
            **{
                "layer_idx": extract_layer_index(prefix),
                "dual_chunk_attention_config": self.dual_chunk_attention_config,
            }
            if self.dual_chunk_attention_config
            else {},
        )

        self.q_norm = Qwen3NextRMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        self.k_norm = Qwen3NextRMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)

    def forward(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        output: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        qkv, _ = self.qkv_proj(hidden_states)

        if self.attn_output_gate:
            q_gate, k, v = qkv.split(
                [self.q_size * 2, self.kv_size, self.kv_size], dim=-1
            )
            orig_shape = q_gate.shape[:-1]
            q_gate = q_gate.view(*orig_shape, self.num_heads, -1)
            q, gate = torch.chunk(q_gate, 2, dim=-1)
            q = q.reshape(*orig_shape, -1)
            gate = gate.reshape(*orig_shape, -1)
        else:
            q, k, v = qkv.split([self.q_size, self.kv_size, self.kv_size], dim=-1)

        q = self.q_norm(q.view(-1, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)).view(
            -1, self.num_heads * self.head_dim
        )
        k = self.k_norm(k.view(-1, self.num_kv_heads, self.head_dim)).view(
            -1, self.num_kv_heads * self.head_dim
        )

        q, k = self.rotary_emb(positions, q, k)

        attn_output = self.attn(q, k, v)

        if self.attn_output_gate:
            gate = torch.sigmoid(gate)
            attn_output = attn_output * gate

        output[:], _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)


class Qwen3NextDecoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        vllm_config: VllmConfig,
        layer_type: str,
        prefix: str = "",
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()

        config = vllm_config.model_config.hf_config
        model_config = vllm_config.model_config
        cache_config = vllm_config.cache_config
        quant_config = vllm_config.quant_config

        self.layer_type = layer_type
        self.layer_idx = extract_layer_index(prefix)

        if self.layer_type == "linear_attention":
            self.linear_attn = Qwen3NextGatedDeltaNet(
                config,
                vllm_config=vllm_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.linear_attn",
            )
        elif self.layer_type == "full_attention":
            self.self_attn = Qwen3NextAttention(
                config,
                model_config=model_config,
                cache_config=cache_config,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.self_attn",
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid layer_type {self.layer_type}")

        mlp_only_layers = (
            [] if not hasattr(config, "mlp_only_layers") else config.mlp_only_layers
        )
        if (self.layer_idx not in mlp_only_layers) and (
            config.num_experts > 0
            and (self.layer_idx + 1) % config.decoder_sparse_step == 0
        ):
            self.mlp = Qwen3NextSparseMoeBlock(
                vllm_config=vllm_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.mlp",
            )
        else:
            self.mlp = Qwen3NextMLP(
                hidden_size=config.hidden_size,
                intermediate_size=config.intermediate_size,
                hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.mlp",
            )

        self.input_layernorm = Qwen3NextRMSNorm(
            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps
        )
        self.post_attention_layernorm = Qwen3NextRMSNorm(
            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps
        )

        self.layer_scale = getattr(config, "layer_scale", False)
        if self.layer_scale:
            self.attn_layer_scale = torch.nn.Parameter(
                torch.zeros(
                    1,
                    1,
                    config.hidden_size,
                ),
            )
            self.ffn_layer_scale = torch.nn.Parameter(
                torch.zeros(
                    1,
                    1,
                    config.hidden_size,
                ),
            )

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        residual: torch.Tensor | None,
        positions: torch.Tensor = None,
        **kwargs: object,
    ):
        if residual is None:
            residual = hidden_states
            hidden_states = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states)
        else:
            hidden_states, residual = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states, residual)

        self_attention_output = torch.empty_like(hidden_states)
        if self.layer_type == "linear_attention":
            self.linear_attn(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                output=self_attention_output,
            )
        elif self.layer_type == "full_attention":
            self.self_attn(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                output=self_attention_output,
                positions=positions,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid layer_type")
        hidden_states = self_attention_output

        if self.layer_scale:
            if len(hidden_states.shape) == 2:
                hidden_states = hidden_states * (
                    self.attn_layer_scale.to(hidden_states.dtype)[0] + 1
                )
            else:
                hidden_states = hidden_states * (
                    self.attn_layer_scale.to(hidden_states.dtype) + 1
                )

        # Fully Connected
        hidden_states, residual = self.post_attention_layernorm(hidden_states, residual)
        hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)

        if self.layer_scale:
            if len(hidden_states.shape) == 2:
                hidden_states = hidden_states * (
                    self.ffn_layer_scale.to(hidden_states.dtype)[0] + 1
                )
            else:
                assert len(hidden_states.shape) == len(self.ffn_layer_scale.shape), (
                    f"shape must be the same {len(hidden_states.shape)}, "
                    f"{len(self.ffn_layer_scale.shape)}"
                )
                hidden_states = hidden_states * (
                    self.ffn_layer_scale.to(hidden_states.dtype) + 1
                )

        return hidden_states, residual


@support_torch_compile
class Qwen3NextModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, *, vllm_config: VllmConfig, prefix: str = ""):
        super().__init__()

        config: Qwen3NextConfig = vllm_config.model_config.hf_text_config
        parallel_config = vllm_config.parallel_config

        eplb_config = parallel_config.eplb_config
        self.num_redundant_experts = eplb_config.num_redundant_experts

        self.config = config

        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size

        self.embed_tokens = VocabParallelEmbedding(
            self.vocab_size,
            config.hidden_size,
        )

        def get_layer(prefix: str):
            return Qwen3NextDecoderLayer(
                vllm_config,
                layer_type=config.layer_types[extract_layer_index(prefix)],
                prefix=prefix,
            )

        self.start_layer, self.end_layer, self.layers = make_layers(
            config.num_hidden_layers, get_layer, prefix=f"{prefix}.layers"
        )
        self.make_empty_intermediate_tensors = make_empty_intermediate_tensors_factory(
            ["hidden_states", "residual"], config.hidden_size
        )

        if get_pp_group().is_last_rank:
            self.norm = Qwen3NextRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        else:
            self.norm = PPMissingLayer()

        self.aux_hidden_state_layers: tuple[int, ...] = ()

    def embed_input_ids(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.embed_tokens(input_ids)

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor | None,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        intermediate_tensors: IntermediateTensors | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor | IntermediateTensors | tuple[torch.Tensor, list[torch.Tensor]]:
        if get_pp_group().is_first_rank:
            if inputs_embeds is not None:
                hidden_states = inputs_embeds
            else:
                hidden_states = self.embed_input_ids(input_ids)
            residual = None
        else:
            assert intermediate_tensors is not None
            hidden_states = intermediate_tensors["hidden_states"]
            residual = intermediate_tensors["residual"]

        aux_hidden_states = []
        for layer_idx, layer in enumerate(
            islice(self.layers, self.start_layer, self.end_layer),
            start=self.start_layer,
        ):
            if layer_idx in self.aux_hidden_state_layers:
                aux_hidden_states.append(
                    hidden_states + residual if residual is not None else hidden_states
                )
            hidden_states, residual = layer(
                positions=positions,
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                residual=residual,
            )

        if not get_pp_group().is_last_rank:
            return IntermediateTensors(
                {"hidden_states": hidden_states, "residual": residual}
            )
        hidden_states, _ = self.norm(hidden_states, residual)
        if aux_hidden_states:
            return hidden_states, aux_hidden_states
        return hidden_states

    def get_expert_mapping(self) -> list[tuple[str, str, int, str]]:
        # Params for weights, fp8 weight scales, fp8 activation scales
        # (param_name, weight_name, expert_id, shard_id)
        return SharedFusedMoE.make_expert_params_mapping(
            self,
            ckpt_gate_proj_name="gate_proj",
            ckpt_down_proj_name="down_proj",
            ckpt_up_proj_name="up_proj",
            num_experts=getattr(self.config, "num_experts", 0),
            num_redundant_experts=self.num_redundant_experts,
        )

    def load_weights(self, weights: Iterable[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]]) -> set[str]:
        stacked_params_mapping = [
            # (param_name, shard_name, shard_id)
            ("qkv_proj", "q_proj", "q"),
            ("qkv_proj", "k_proj", "k"),
            ("qkv_proj", "v_proj", "v"),
            ("gate_up_proj", "gate_proj", 0),
            ("gate_up_proj", "up_proj", 1),
        ]

        params_dict = dict(self.named_parameters())
        loaded_params: set[str] = set()
        expert_params_mapping = self.get_expert_mapping()
        for name, loaded_weight in weights:
            if "rotary_emb.inv_freq" in name:
                continue

            if name.startswith("mtp."):
                continue

            # Remapping the name of FP8 kv-scale.
            if name.endswith("scale"):
                name = maybe_remap_kv_scale_name(name, params_dict)
                if name is None:
                    continue

            for param_name, weight_name, shard_id in stacked_params_mapping:
                if weight_name not in name:
                    continue

                if "mlp.experts" in name:
                    continue

                name = name.replace(weight_name, param_name)
                # Skip loading extra bias for GPTQ models.
                if name.endswith(".bias") and name not in params_dict:
                    continue
                # Skip layers on other devices.
                if is_pp_missing_parameter(name, self):
                    continue
                # name = apply_attn_prefix(name, params_dict)
                if name not in params_dict:
                    continue
                param = params_dict[name]
                weight_loader = param.weight_loader
                weight_loader(param, loaded_weight, shard_id)
                break
            else:
                for mapping in expert_params_mapping:
                    param_name, weight_name, expert_id, shard_id = mapping
                    if weight_name not in name:
                        continue
                    name = name.replace(weight_name, param_name)
                    # Skip layers on other devices.
                    if is_pp_missing_parameter(name, self):
                        continue
                    # Skip loading extra bias for GPTQ models.
                    if (
                        name.endswith(".bias") or name.endswith("_bias")
                    ) and name not in params_dict:
                        continue
                    if name not in params_dict:
                        continue
                    param = params_dict[name]
                    weight_loader = param.weight_loader
                    weight_loader(
                        param,
                        loaded_weight,
                        name,
                        shard_id=shard_id,
                        expert_id=expert_id,
                    )
                    break
                else:
                    # Skip loading extra bias for GPTQ models.
                    if name.endswith(".bias") and name not in params_dict:
                        continue
                    if is_pp_missing_parameter(name, self):
                        continue
                    if name not in params_dict:
                        logger.warning_once(
                            f"Parameter {name} not found in params_dict, skip loading"
                        )
                        continue
                    param = params_dict[name]
                    weight_loader = getattr(
                        param, "weight_loader", default_weight_loader
                    )
                    weight_loader(param, loaded_weight)
            loaded_params.add(name)
        return loaded_params


class QwenNextMixtureOfExperts(MixtureOfExperts):
    def update_physical_experts_metadata(
        self,
        num_physical_experts: int,
        num_local_physical_experts: int,
    ) -> None:
        assert self.num_local_physical_experts == num_local_physical_experts
        self.num_physical_experts = num_physical_experts
        self.num_local_physical_experts = num_local_physical_experts
        self.num_redundant_experts = num_physical_experts - self.num_logical_experts
        for layer in self.model.layers:
            if isinstance(layer.mlp, Qwen3NextSparseMoeBlock):
                moe = layer.mlp
                moe.n_local_physical_experts = num_local_physical_experts
                moe.n_physical_experts = num_physical_experts
                moe.n_redundant_experts = self.num_redundant_experts
                moe.experts.update_expert_map()

    def set_moe_parameters(self):
        self.expert_weights = []

        self.moe_layers = []
        example_moe = None
        for layer in self.model.layers:
            if isinstance(layer, Qwen3NextDecoderLayer) and isinstance(
                layer.mlp, Qwen3NextSparseMoeBlock
            ):
                example_moe = layer.mlp
                self.moe_layers.append(layer.mlp.experts)

        if example_moe is None:
            raise RuntimeError("No Qwen3Next layer found in the model.layers.")

        # Set MoE hyperparameters
        self.num_moe_layers = len(self.moe_layers)
        self.num_expert_groups = 1
        self.num_shared_experts = 0
        self.num_logical_experts = example_moe.n_logical_experts
        self.num_physical_experts = example_moe.n_physical_experts
        self.num_local_physical_experts = example_moe.n_local_physical_experts
        self.num_routed_experts = example_moe.n_routed_experts
        self.num_redundant_experts = example_moe.n_redundant_experts


class Qwen3NextForCausalLM(
    nn.Module,
    HasInnerState,
    SupportsLoRA,
    SupportsPP,
    QwenNextMixtureOfExperts,
    IsHybrid,
):
    packed_modules_mapping = {
        "qkv_proj": [
            "q_proj",
            "k_proj",
            "v_proj",
        ],
        "gate_up_proj": ["gate_proj", "up_proj"],
        "in_proj_qkvz": ["in_proj_qkvz"],
        "in_proj_ba": ["in_proj_ba"],
    }

    def __init__(self, *, vllm_config: VllmConfig, prefix: str = ""):
        config = vllm_config.model_config.hf_text_config
        self.vllm_config = vllm_config
        self.model_config = vllm_config.model_config
        cache_config = vllm_config.cache_config

        scheduler_config = vllm_config.scheduler_config
        if cache_config.mamba_cache_mode == "all":
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "Qwen3Next currently does not support 'all' prefix caching, "
                "please use '--mamba-cache-mode=align' instead"
            )
        self.quant_config = vllm_config.quant_config

        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.scheduler_config = scheduler_config
        self.model = Qwen3NextModel(
            vllm_config=vllm_config, prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "model")
        )

        self.lm_head = ParallelLMHead(
            config.vocab_size,
            config.hidden_size,
            prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "lm_head"),
        )
        self.logits_processor = LogitsProcessor(config.vocab_size)
        self.make_empty_intermediate_tensors = (
            self.model.make_empty_intermediate_tensors
        )

        # Set MoE hyperparameters
        self.set_moe_parameters()

    def embed_input_ids(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.model.embed_input_ids(input_ids)

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor | None,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        intermediate_tensors: IntermediateTensors | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: object,
    ):
        hidden_states = self.model(
            input_ids, positions, intermediate_tensors, inputs_embeds
        )

        return hidden_states

    @classmethod
    def get_mamba_state_dtype_from_config(
        cls,
        vllm_config: "VllmConfig",
    ) -> tuple[torch.dtype, torch.dtype]:
        return MambaStateDtypeCalculator.gated_delta_net_state_dtype(
            vllm_config.model_config.dtype,
            vllm_config.cache_config.mamba_cache_dtype,
            vllm_config.cache_config.mamba_ssm_cache_dtype,
        )

    @classmethod
    def get_mamba_state_shape_from_config(
        cls, vllm_config: "VllmConfig"
    ) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]:
        parallel_config = vllm_config.parallel_config
        hf_config = vllm_config.model_config.hf_text_config
        tp_size = parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size
        num_spec = (
            vllm_config.speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens
            if vllm_config.speculative_config
            else 0
        )
        return MambaStateShapeCalculator.gated_delta_net_state_shape(
            tp_size,
            hf_config.linear_num_key_heads,
            hf_config.linear_num_value_heads,
            hf_config.linear_key_head_dim,
            hf_config.linear_value_head_dim,
            hf_config.linear_conv_kernel_dim,
            num_spec,
        )

    @classmethod
    def get_mamba_state_copy_func(cls) -> tuple[MambaStateCopyFunc, MambaStateCopyFunc]:
        return MambaStateCopyFuncCalculator.gated_delta_net_state_copy_func()

    def compute_logits(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor | None:
        return self.logits_processor(self.lm_head, hidden_states)

    def load_weights(self, weights: Iterable[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]]) -> set[str]:
        loader = AutoWeightsLoader(
            self,
            skip_prefixes=["mtp."],
        )
        return loader.load_weights(weights)

    def get_expert_mapping(self) -> list[tuple[str, str, int, str]]:
        return self.model.get_expert_mapping()


def gdn_in_proj(
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    qkvz_output_size: int,
    ba_output_size: int,
    layer_name: str,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    """
    Custom op for the input projection.
    """
    forward_context: ForwardContext = get_forward_context()
    self = forward_context.no_compile_layers[layer_name]
    return self._forward_in_proj(hidden_states)


def gdn_in_proj_fake(
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    qkvz_output_size: int,
    ba_output_size: int,
    layer_name: str,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    """Fake implementation for torch.compile."""
    return hidden_states.new_empty(
        hidden_states.shape[0], qkvz_output_size
    ), hidden_states.new_empty(hidden_states.shape[0], ba_output_size)


def gdn_attention_core(
    mixed_qkv: torch.Tensor,
    b: torch.Tensor,
    a: torch.Tensor,
    core_attn_out: torch.Tensor,
    layer_name: str,
) -> None:
    """
    Custom op for the core attention computation.
    Only handles the convolution + recurrent attention part.
    Input/output projections are handled outside this op.
    """
    forward_context: ForwardContext = get_forward_context()
    self = forward_context.no_compile_layers[layer_name]
    self._forward_core(
        mixed_qkv=mixed_qkv,
        b=b,
        a=a,
        core_attn_out=core_attn_out,
    )


def gdn_attention_core_fake(
    mixed_qkv: torch.Tensor,
    b: torch.Tensor,
    a: torch.Tensor,
    core_attn_out: torch.Tensor,
    layer_name: str,
) -> None:
    """Fake implementation for torch.compile."""
    return


direct_register_custom_op(
    op_name="gdn_in_proj",
    op_func=gdn_in_proj,
    fake_impl=gdn_in_proj_fake,
)

direct_register_custom_op(
    op_name="gdn_attention_core",
    op_func=gdn_attention_core,
    mutates_args=["core_attn_out"],
    fake_impl=gdn_attention_core_fake,
)


@triton.jit
def fused_gdn_gating_kernel(
    g,
    beta_output,
    A_log,
    a,
    b,
    dt_bias,
    seq_len,
    NUM_HEADS: tl.constexpr,
    beta: tl.constexpr,
    threshold: tl.constexpr,
    BLK_HEADS: tl.constexpr,
):
    i_b, i_s, i_d = tl.program_id(0), tl.program_id(1), tl.program_id(2)
    head_off = i_d * BLK_HEADS + tl.arange(0, BLK_HEADS)
    off = i_b * seq_len * NUM_HEADS + i_s * NUM_HEADS + head_off
    mask = head_off < NUM_HEADS
    blk_A_log = tl.load(A_log + head_off, mask=mask)
    blk_a = tl.load(a + off, mask=mask)
    blk_b = tl.load(b + off, mask=mask)
    blk_bias = tl.load(dt_bias + head_off, mask=mask)
    # If the model is loaded in fp16, without the .float() here, A might be -inf
    x = blk_a.to(tl.float32) + blk_bias.to(tl.float32)
    softplus_x = tl.where(
        beta * x <= threshold, (1 / beta) * tl.log(1 + tl.exp(beta * x)), x
    )
    blk_g = -tl.exp(blk_A_log.to(tl.float32)) * softplus_x
    tl.store(g + off, blk_g.to(g.dtype.element_ty), mask=mask)
    # compute beta_output = sigmoid(b)
    blk_beta_output = tl.sigmoid(blk_b.to(tl.float32))
    tl.store(
        beta_output + off, blk_beta_output.to(beta_output.dtype.element_ty), mask=mask
    )


def fused_gdn_gating(
    A_log: torch.Tensor,
    a: torch.Tensor,
    b: torch.Tensor,
    dt_bias: torch.Tensor,
    beta: float = 1.0,
    threshold: float = 20.0,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    """
    Fused computation of g and beta for Gated Delta Net.
    g = -self.A_log.float().exp() * F.softplus(a.float() + self.dt_bias)
    beta_output = b.sigmoid()
    TODO maybe use torch.compile to replace this triton kernel
    """
    batch, num_heads = a.shape
    seq_len = 1
    grid = (batch, seq_len, triton.cdiv(num_heads, 8))
    g = torch.empty(1, batch, num_heads, dtype=torch.float32, device=a.device)
    beta_output = torch.empty(1, batch, num_heads, dtype=b.dtype, device=b.device)
    fused_gdn_gating_kernel[grid](
        g,
        beta_output,
        A_log,
        a,
        b,
        dt_bias,
        seq_len,
        num_heads,
        beta,
        threshold,
        8,
        num_warps=1,
    )
    return g, beta_output