sampling_params.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
"""Sampling parameters for text generation."""

import copy
import json as json_mod
from dataclasses import field
from enum import Enum, IntEnum
from functools import cached_property
from typing import Any

import msgspec
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass

import vllm.envs as envs
from vllm.config import ModelConfig, SpeculativeConfig, StructuredOutputsConfig
from vllm.exceptions import VLLMValidationError
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.tokenizers import TokenizerLike
from vllm.utils.mistral import is_mistral_tokenizer
from vllm.v1.serial_utils import PydanticMsgspecMixin

logger = init_logger(__name__)

_SAMPLING_EPS = 1e-5
_MAX_TEMP = 1e-2


class SamplingType(IntEnum):
    GREEDY = 0
    RANDOM = 1
    RANDOM_SEED = 2


# maybe make msgspec?
@dataclass
class StructuredOutputsParams:
    # One of these fields will be used to build a logit processor.
    json: str | dict | None = None
    regex: str | None = None
    choice: list[str] | None = None
    grammar: str | None = None
    json_object: bool | None = None
    # These are other options that can be set.
    disable_any_whitespace: bool = False
    disable_additional_properties: bool = False
    whitespace_pattern: str | None = None
    structural_tag: str | None = None

    _backend: str | None = field(default=None, init=False)
    """CAUTION: Should only be set by Processor._validate_structured_output"""
    _backend_was_auto: bool = field(default=False, init=False)
    """CAUTION: Should only be set by Processor._validate_structured_output"""

    def __post_init__(self):
        """Validate that some fields are mutually exclusive."""
        count = sum(
            [
                self.json is not None,
                self.regex is not None,
                self.choice is not None,
                self.grammar is not None,
                self.json_object is not None,
                self.structural_tag is not None,
            ]
        )
        if count > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "You can only use one kind of structured outputs constraint "
                f"but multiple are specified: {self.__dict__}"
            )
        if count < 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "You must use one kind of structured outputs constraint "
                f"but none are specified: {self.__dict__}"
            )

    def all_constraints_none(self) -> bool:
        """
        Returns True if all structured-output constraint fields are None.
        """
        return all(
            getattr(self, field) is None
            for field in (
                "json",
                "regex",
                "choice",
                "grammar",
                "json_object",
                "structural_tag",
            )
        )

    def all_non_structural_tag_constraints_none(self) -> bool:
        """
        Returns True if all structured-output constraint fields are None.
        """
        return all(
            getattr(self, field) is None
            for field in (
                "json",
                "regex",
                "choice",
                "grammar",
                "json_object",
            )
        )


@dataclass
class RepetitionDetectionParams:
    """Parameters for detecting repetitive N-gram patterns in output tokens."""

    max_pattern_size: int = 0
    """Maximum size of N-gram pattern to detect for sequence repetition.
    Set to 0 to disable. Must be used together with min_count."""

    min_pattern_size: int = 0
    """Minimum N-gram pattern size to check for sequence repetition.
    If set to 0, it defaults to 1.
    Must be <= max_pattern_size."""

    min_count: int = 0
    """Minimum number of times an N-gram pattern must repeat to trigger
    detection. Must be >= 2. Example: 3 for detecting a phrase repeated
    3 times. Must be used together with max_pattern_size."""

    def __post_init__(self):
        if (
            self.max_pattern_size < 0
            or self.min_pattern_size < 0
            or self.min_pattern_size > self.max_pattern_size
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "max_pattern_size, min_pattern_size must be >=0, "
                "with min_pattern_size <= max_pattern_size. "
                "Set both to 0 to disable repetitive pattern detection."
            )
        if self.max_pattern_size > 0 and self.min_count < 2:
            raise ValueError(
                "min_count must be >= 2 to detect repetitive patterns "
                "in engine output. If you do not wish to detect repetitive "
                "patterns, set max_pattern_size to 0."
            )


class RequestOutputKind(Enum):
    # Return entire output so far in every RequestOutput
    CUMULATIVE = 0
    # Return only deltas in each RequestOutput
    DELTA = 1
    # Do not return intermediate RequestOutput
    FINAL_ONLY = 2


class SamplingParams(
    PydanticMsgspecMixin,
    msgspec.Struct,
    omit_defaults=True,  # type: ignore[call-arg]
    # required for @cached_property.
    dict=True,
):  # type: ignore[call-arg]
    """Sampling parameters for text generation.

    Overall, we follow the sampling parameters from the OpenAI text completion
    API (https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/completions/create).
    In addition, we support beam search, which is not supported by OpenAI.
    """

    n: int = 1
    """Number of outputs to return for the given prompt request.

    The maximum allowed value is controlled by the ``VLLM_MAX_N_SEQUENCES``
    environment variable (default: 16384).

    NOTE:
        `AsyncLLM` streams outputs by default. When `n > 1`, all `n` outputs
        are generated and streamed cumulatively per request. To see all `n`
        outputs upon completion, use `output_kind=RequestOutputKind.FINAL_ONLY`
        in `SamplingParams`."""
    presence_penalty: float = 0.0
    """Penalizes new tokens based on whether they appear in the generated text
    so far. Values > 0 encourage the model to use new tokens, while values < 0
    encourage the model to repeat tokens."""
    frequency_penalty: float = 0.0
    """Penalizes new tokens based on their frequency in the generated text so
    far. Values > 0 encourage the model to use new tokens, while values < 0
    encourage the model to repeat tokens."""
    repetition_penalty: float = 1.0
    """Penalizes new tokens based on whether they appear in the prompt and the
    generated text so far. Values > 1 encourage the model to use new tokens,
    while values < 1 encourage the model to repeat tokens."""
    temperature: float = 1.0
    """Controls the randomness of the sampling. Lower values make the model
    more deterministic, while higher values make the model more random. Zero
    means greedy sampling."""
    top_p: float = 1.0
    """Controls the cumulative probability of the top tokens to consider. Must
    be in (0, 1]. Set to 1 to consider all tokens."""
    top_k: int = 0
    """Controls the number of top tokens to consider. Set to 0 (or -1) to
    consider all tokens."""
    min_p: float = 0.0
    """Represents the minimum probability for a token to be considered,
    relative to the probability of the most likely token. Must be in [0, 1].
    Set to 0 to disable this."""
    seed: int | None = None
    """Random seed to use for the generation."""
    stop: str | list[str] | None = None
    """String(s) that stop the generation when they are generated. The returned
    output will not contain the stop strings."""
    stop_token_ids: list[int] | None = None
    """Token IDs that stop the generation when they are generated. The returned
    output will contain the stop tokens unless the stop tokens are special
    tokens."""
    ignore_eos: bool = False
    """Whether to ignore the EOS token and continue generating
    tokens after the EOS token is generated."""
    max_tokens: int | None = 16
    """Maximum number of tokens to generate per output sequence."""
    min_tokens: int = 0
    """Minimum number of tokens to generate per output sequence before EOS or
    `stop_token_ids` can be generated"""
    logprobs: int | None = None
    """Number of log probabilities to return per output token. When set to
    `None`, no probability is returned. If set to a non-`None` value, the
    result includes the log probabilities of the specified number of most
    likely tokens, as well as the chosen tokens. Note that the implementation
    follows the OpenAI API: The API will always return the log probability of
    the sampled token, so there may be up to `logprobs+1` elements in the
    response. When set to -1, return all `vocab_size` log probabilities."""
    prompt_logprobs: int | None = None
    """Number of log probabilities to return per prompt token.
    When set to -1, return all `vocab_size` log probabilities."""
    flat_logprobs: bool = False
    """Whether to return logprobs in flatten format (i.e. FlatLogprob)
    for better performance.
    NOTE: GC costs of FlatLogprobs is significantly smaller than
    list[dict[int, Logprob]]. After enabled, PromptLogprobs and
    SampleLogprobs would populated as FlatLogprobs."""
    # NOTE: This parameter is only exposed at the engine level for now.
    # It is not exposed in the OpenAI API server, as the OpenAI API does
    # not support returning only a list of token IDs.
    detokenize: bool = True
    """Whether to detokenize the output."""
    skip_special_tokens: bool = True
    """Whether to skip special tokens in the output."""
    spaces_between_special_tokens: bool = True
    """Whether to add spaces between special tokens in the output."""
    include_stop_str_in_output: bool = False
    """Whether to include the stop strings in output text."""
    output_kind: RequestOutputKind = RequestOutputKind.CUMULATIVE
    skip_clone: bool = False
    """Internal flag indicating that this SamplingParams instance is safe to
    reuse without cloning. When True, clone() will return self without
    performing a deep copy. This should only be set when the params object
    is guaranteed to be dedicated to a single request and won't be modified
    in ways that would affect other uses."""

    # The below fields are not supposed to be used as an input.
    # They are set in post_init.
    output_text_buffer_length: int = 0
    _eos_token_id: int | None = None
    _all_stop_token_ids: set[int] = msgspec.field(default_factory=set)

    # Fields used to construct logits processors
    structured_outputs: StructuredOutputsParams | None = None
    """Parameters for configuring structured outputs."""
    logit_bias: dict[int, float] | None = None
    """If provided, the engine will construct a logits processor that applies
    these logit biases."""
    allowed_token_ids: list[int] | None = None
    """If provided, the engine will construct a logits processor which only
    retains scores for the given token ids."""
    extra_args: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    """Arbitrary additional args, that can be used by custom sampling
    implementations, plugins, etc. Not used by any in-tree sampling
    implementations."""

    # Fields used for bad words
    bad_words: list[str] | None = None
    """Words that are not allowed to be generated. More precisely, only the
    last token of a corresponding token sequence is not allowed when the next
    generated token can complete the sequence."""
    _bad_words_token_ids: list[list[int]] | None = None

    skip_reading_prefix_cache: bool | None = None
    thinking_token_budget: int | None = None
    """Maximum number of tokens allowed for thinking operations."""

    repetition_detection: RepetitionDetectionParams | None = None
    """Parameters for detecting repetitive N-gram patterns in output tokens.
    If such repetition is detected, generation will be ended early. LLMs can
    sometimes generate repetitive, unhelpful token patterns, stopping only
    when they hit the maximum output length (e.g. 'abcdabcdabcd...' or
    '\\emoji \\emoji \\emoji ...'). This feature can detect such behavior
    and terminate early, saving time and tokens."""

    @staticmethod
    def from_optional(
        n: int | None = 1,
        presence_penalty: float | None = 0.0,
        frequency_penalty: float | None = 0.0,
        repetition_penalty: float | None = 1.0,
        temperature: float | None = 1.0,
        top_p: float | None = 1.0,
        top_k: int = 0,
        min_p: float = 0.0,
        seed: int | None = None,
        stop: str | list[str] | None = None,
        stop_token_ids: list[int] | None = None,
        bad_words: list[str] | None = None,
        thinking_token_budget: int | None = None,
        include_stop_str_in_output: bool = False,
        ignore_eos: bool = False,
        max_tokens: int | None = 16,
        min_tokens: int = 0,
        logprobs: int | None = None,
        prompt_logprobs: int | None = None,
        detokenize: bool = True,
        skip_special_tokens: bool = True,
        spaces_between_special_tokens: bool = True,
        output_kind: RequestOutputKind = RequestOutputKind.CUMULATIVE,
        structured_outputs: StructuredOutputsParams | None = None,
        logit_bias: dict[int, float] | dict[str, float] | None = None,
        allowed_token_ids: list[int] | None = None,
        extra_args: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        skip_clone: bool = False,
        repetition_detection: RepetitionDetectionParams | None = None,
    ) -> "SamplingParams":
        if logit_bias is not None:
            # Convert token_id to integer
            # Clamp the bias between -100 and 100 per OpenAI API spec
            logit_bias = {
                int(token): min(100.0, max(-100.0, bias))
                for token, bias in logit_bias.items()
            }

        return SamplingParams(
            n=1 if n is None else n,
            presence_penalty=0.0 if presence_penalty is None else presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=0.0 if frequency_penalty is None else frequency_penalty,
            repetition_penalty=1.0
            if repetition_penalty is None
            else repetition_penalty,
            temperature=1.0 if temperature is None else temperature,
            top_p=1.0 if top_p is None else top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            seed=seed,
            stop=stop,
            stop_token_ids=stop_token_ids,
            bad_words=bad_words,
            thinking_token_budget=thinking_token_budget,
            include_stop_str_in_output=include_stop_str_in_output,
            ignore_eos=ignore_eos,
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            min_tokens=min_tokens,
            logprobs=logprobs,
            prompt_logprobs=prompt_logprobs,
            detokenize=detokenize,
            skip_special_tokens=skip_special_tokens,
            spaces_between_special_tokens=spaces_between_special_tokens,
            output_kind=output_kind,
            structured_outputs=structured_outputs,
            logit_bias=logit_bias,
            allowed_token_ids=allowed_token_ids,
            extra_args=extra_args,
            skip_clone=skip_clone,
            repetition_detection=repetition_detection,
        )

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        if 0 < self.temperature < _MAX_TEMP:
            logger.warning(
                "temperature %s is less than %s, which may cause numerical "
                "errors nan or inf in tensors. We have maxed it out to %s.",
                self.temperature,
                _MAX_TEMP,
                _MAX_TEMP,
            )
            self.temperature = max(self.temperature, _MAX_TEMP)

        if self.seed == -1:
            self.seed = None

        if self.stop is None:
            self.stop = []
        elif isinstance(self.stop, str):
            self.stop = [self.stop]

        if self.stop_token_ids is None:
            self.stop_token_ids = []

        if self.bad_words is None:
            self.bad_words = []

        if self.logprobs is True:
            self.logprobs = 1

        if self.prompt_logprobs is True:
            self.prompt_logprobs = 1

        # Number of characters to hold back for stop string evaluation
        # until sequence is finished.
        if self.stop and not self.include_stop_str_in_output:
            self.output_text_buffer_length = max(len(s) for s in self.stop) - 1

        self._verify_args()

        if self.temperature < _SAMPLING_EPS:
            # Zero temperature means greedy sampling.
            self.top_p = 1.0
            self.top_k = 0
            self.min_p = 0.0
            self._verify_greedy_sampling()

        # eos_token_id is added to this by the engine
        self._all_stop_token_ids.update(self.stop_token_ids)

        if self.skip_reading_prefix_cache is None:
            # If prefix caching is enabled,
            # the output of prompt logprobs may less than n_prompt_tokens,
            # we need to skip reading cache at this request.
            self.skip_reading_prefix_cache = self.prompt_logprobs is not None

    def _verify_args(self) -> None:
        if not isinstance(self.n, int):
            raise ValueError(f"n must be an int, but is of type {type(self.n)}")
        if self.n < 1:
            raise ValueError(f"n must be at least 1, got {self.n}.")
        max_n = envs.VLLM_MAX_N_SEQUENCES
        if self.n > max_n:
            raise ValueError(
                f"n must be at most {max_n}, got {self.n}. "
                "To increase this limit, set the VLLM_MAX_N_SEQUENCES "
                "environment variable."
            )
        if not -2.0 <= self.presence_penalty <= 2.0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"presence_penalty must be in [-2, 2], got {self.presence_penalty}."
            )
        if not -2.0 <= self.frequency_penalty <= 2.0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"frequency_penalty must be in [-2, 2], got {self.frequency_penalty}."
            )
        if self.repetition_penalty <= 0.0:
            raise ValueError(
                "repetition_penalty must be greater than zero, got "
                f"{self.repetition_penalty}."
            )
        if self.temperature < 0.0:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"temperature must be non-negative, got {self.temperature}.",
                parameter="temperature",
                value=self.temperature,
            )
        if not 0.0 < self.top_p <= 1.0:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"top_p must be in (0, 1], got {self.top_p}.",
                parameter="top_p",
                value=self.top_p,
            )
        # quietly accept -1 as disabled, but prefer 0
        if self.top_k < -1:
            raise ValueError(
                f"top_k must be 0 (disable), or at least 1, got {self.top_k}."
            )
        if not isinstance(self.top_k, int):
            raise TypeError(
                f"top_k must be an integer, got {type(self.top_k).__name__}"
            )
        if not 0.0 <= self.min_p <= 1.0:
            raise ValueError(f"min_p must be in [0, 1], got {self.min_p}.")
        if self.max_tokens is not None and self.max_tokens < 1:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"max_tokens must be at least 1, got {self.max_tokens}.",
                parameter="max_tokens",
                value=self.max_tokens,
            )
        if self.min_tokens < 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"min_tokens must be greater than or equal to 0, got {self.min_tokens}."
            )
        if self.max_tokens is not None and self.min_tokens > self.max_tokens:
            raise ValueError(
                f"min_tokens must be less than or equal to "
                f"max_tokens={self.max_tokens}, got {self.min_tokens}."
            )
        if self.logprobs is not None and self.logprobs != -1 and self.logprobs < 0:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"logprobs must be non-negative or -1, got {self.logprobs}.",
                parameter="logprobs",
                value=self.logprobs,
            )
        if (
            self.prompt_logprobs is not None
            and self.prompt_logprobs != -1
            and self.prompt_logprobs < 0
        ):
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"prompt_logprobs must be non-negative or -1, got "
                f"{self.prompt_logprobs}.",
                parameter="prompt_logprobs",
                value=self.prompt_logprobs,
            )
        assert isinstance(self.stop_token_ids, list)
        if not all(isinstance(st_id, int) for st_id in self.stop_token_ids):
            raise ValueError(
                f"stop_token_ids must contain only integers, got {self.stop_token_ids}."
            )
        assert isinstance(self.stop, list)
        if any(not stop_str for stop_str in self.stop):
            raise ValueError("stop cannot contain an empty string.")
        if self.stop and not self.detokenize:
            raise ValueError(
                "stop strings are only supported when detokenize is True. "
                "Set detokenize=True to use stop."
            )

    def _verify_greedy_sampling(self) -> None:
        if self.n > 1:
            raise ValueError(f"n must be 1 when using greedy sampling, got {self.n}.")

    def update_from_generation_config(
        self,
        generation_config: dict[str, Any],
        eos_token_id: int | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Update if there are non-default values from generation_config"""
        if not self.ignore_eos:
            self._eos_token_id = eos_token_id

        if eos_token_id is not None:
            # Add the eos token id into the sampling_params to support
            # min_tokens processing.
            self._all_stop_token_ids.add(eos_token_id)

        # Update eos_token_id for generation
        if (eos_ids := generation_config.get("eos_token_id")) is not None:
            # it can be either int or list of int
            eos_ids = {eos_ids} if isinstance(eos_ids, int) else set(eos_ids)
            if eos_token_id is not None:
                # We don't need to include the primary eos_token_id in
                # stop_token_ids since it's handled separately for stopping
                # purposes.
                eos_ids.discard(eos_token_id)
            if eos_ids:
                self._all_stop_token_ids.update(eos_ids)
                if not self.ignore_eos:
                    assert self.stop_token_ids is not None
                    eos_ids.update(self.stop_token_ids)
                    self.stop_token_ids = list(eos_ids)

    def update_from_tokenizer(self, tokenizer: TokenizerLike) -> None:
        if not self.bad_words:
            return
        self._bad_words_token_ids = []
        for bad_word in self.bad_words:
            # To prohibit words both at the beginning
            # and in the middle of text
            # (related to add_prefix_space tokenizer parameter)
            for add_prefix_space in [False, True]:
                prefix = " " if add_prefix_space else ""
                prompt = prefix + bad_word.lstrip()
                prompt_token_ids = tokenizer.encode(
                    text=prompt, add_special_tokens=False
                )

                # If no space at the beginning
                # or if prefix space produces a new word token
                if (not add_prefix_space) or (
                    add_prefix_space
                    and prompt_token_ids[0] != self._bad_words_token_ids[-1][0]
                    and len(prompt_token_ids) == len(self._bad_words_token_ids[-1])
                ):
                    self._bad_words_token_ids.append(prompt_token_ids)

        invalid_token_ids = [
            token_id
            for bad_words_token_ids in self._bad_words_token_ids
            for token_id in bad_words_token_ids
            if token_id < 0 or token_id > tokenizer.max_token_id
        ]
        if len(invalid_token_ids) > 0:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"The model vocabulary size is {tokenizer.max_token_id + 1},"
                f" but the following tokens"
                f" were specified as bad: {invalid_token_ids}."
                f" All token id values should be integers satisfying:"
                f" 0 <= token_id <= {tokenizer.max_token_id}.",
                parameter="bad_words",
                value=self.bad_words,
            )

    @cached_property
    def sampling_type(self) -> SamplingType:
        if self.temperature < _SAMPLING_EPS:
            return SamplingType.GREEDY
        if self.seed is not None:
            return SamplingType.RANDOM_SEED
        return SamplingType.RANDOM

    @property
    def eos_token_id(self) -> int | None:
        return self._eos_token_id

    @property
    def all_stop_token_ids(self) -> set[int]:
        return self._all_stop_token_ids

    @property
    def bad_words_token_ids(self) -> list[list[int]] | None:
        # For internal use only. Backward compatibility not guaranteed
        return self._bad_words_token_ids

    def clone(self) -> "SamplingParams":
        """If skip_clone is True, uses shallow copy instead of deep copy."""
        if self.skip_clone:
            return copy.copy(self)

        return copy.deepcopy(self)

    def verify(
        self,
        model_config: ModelConfig,
        speculative_config: SpeculativeConfig | None,
        structured_outputs_config: StructuredOutputsConfig | None,
        tokenizer: TokenizerLike | None,
    ) -> None:
        self._validate_logprobs(model_config)
        self._validate_logit_bias(model_config)
        self._validate_logits_processors(model_config)
        self._validate_allowed_token_ids(tokenizer)
        self._validate_spec_decode(speculative_config)
        self._validate_structured_outputs(structured_outputs_config, tokenizer)

    def _validate_logprobs(self, model_config: ModelConfig) -> None:
        max_logprobs = model_config.max_logprobs
        if max_logprobs == -1:
            max_logprobs = model_config.get_vocab_size()

        # Validate sample logprobs.
        if num_logprobs := self.logprobs:
            if num_logprobs == -1:
                num_logprobs = model_config.get_vocab_size()
            if num_logprobs > max_logprobs:
                raise VLLMValidationError(
                    f"Requested sample logprobs of {num_logprobs}, "
                    f"which is greater than max allowed: {max_logprobs}",
                    parameter="logprobs",
                    value=num_logprobs,
                )

        # Validate prompt logprobs.
        if num_prompt_logprobs := self.prompt_logprobs:
            if num_prompt_logprobs == -1:
                num_prompt_logprobs = model_config.get_vocab_size()
            if num_prompt_logprobs > max_logprobs:
                raise VLLMValidationError(
                    f"Requested prompt logprobs of {num_prompt_logprobs}, "
                    f"which is greater than max allowed: {max_logprobs}",
                    parameter="prompt_logprobs",
                    value=num_prompt_logprobs,
                )

    def _validate_logit_bias(self, model_config: ModelConfig) -> None:
        """Validate logit_bias token IDs are within vocabulary range."""
        if not self.logit_bias:
            return

        vocab_size = model_config.get_vocab_size()
        invalid_token_ids = [
            token_id
            for token_id in self.logit_bias
            if token_id < 0 or token_id >= vocab_size
        ]

        if invalid_token_ids:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                f"token_id(s) {invalid_token_ids} in logit_bias contain "
                f"out-of-vocab token ids. Vocabulary size: {vocab_size}",
                parameter="logit_bias",
                value=invalid_token_ids,
            )

    def _validate_logits_processors(self, model_config: ModelConfig) -> None:
        from vllm.v1.sample.logits_processor import (
            validate_logits_processors_parameters,
        )

        validate_logits_processors_parameters(model_config.logits_processors, self)

    def _validate_allowed_token_ids(self, tokenizer: TokenizerLike | None) -> None:
        allowed_token_ids = self.allowed_token_ids
        if allowed_token_ids is None:
            return

        if len(allowed_token_ids) == 0:
            raise VLLMValidationError(
                "allowed_token_ids is not None and empty!",
                parameter="allowed_token_ids",
                value=allowed_token_ids,
            )

        if tokenizer is not None:
            vocab_size = len(tokenizer)
            invalid_token_ids = [
                token_id
                for token_id in allowed_token_ids
                if token_id < 0 or token_id >= vocab_size
            ]
            if invalid_token_ids:
                raise VLLMValidationError(
                    "allowed_token_ids contains out-of-vocab token id!",
                    parameter="allowed_token_ids",
                    value=invalid_token_ids,
                )

    def _validate_spec_decode(
        self,
        speculative_config: SpeculativeConfig | None,
    ) -> None:
        if speculative_config is None:
            return

        # Some sampling parameters are not yet compatible with spec decoding.
        if self.min_p > _SAMPLING_EPS or self.logit_bias:
            raise ValueError(
                "The min_p and logit_bias sampling parameters "
                "are not yet supported with speculative decoding."
            )

    def _validate_structured_outputs(
        self,
        structured_outputs_config: StructuredOutputsConfig | None,
        tokenizer: TokenizerLike | None,
    ) -> None:
        if structured_outputs_config is None or self.structured_outputs is None:
            return

        if tokenizer is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Structured outputs requires a tokenizer so it can't be used with 'skip_tokenizer_init'"  # noqa: E501
            )

        backend = structured_outputs_config.backend
        if _backend := self.structured_outputs._backend:
            # Request-level backend selection is not supported.
            # The values may differ if `params` is reused and was set
            # to a specific backend based on `auto` behavior in a previous
            # request. We remember that it was set as a result of `auto`
            # using the `_backend_was_auto` field set in the params.
            if backend != _backend and not (
                backend == "auto" and self.structured_outputs._backend_was_auto
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Request-level structured output backend selection is not "
                    f"supported. The request specified '{_backend}', but vLLM "
                    f"was initialised with '{backend}'. This error can be "
                    "resolved by removing '_backend' from the request."
                )
        else:
            self.structured_outputs._backend = backend

        # Request content validation
        if (
            isinstance(self.structured_outputs.choice, list)
            and not self.structured_outputs.choice
        ):
            # It is invalid for choice to be an empty list
            raise ValueError(
                f"Choice '{self.structured_outputs.choice}' cannot be an empty list"  # noqa: E501
            )
        # Reject empty string grammar early to avoid engine-side crashes
        if (
            isinstance(self.structured_outputs.grammar, str)
            and self.structured_outputs.grammar.strip() == ""
        ):
            raise ValueError("structured_outputs.grammar cannot be an empty string")

        from vllm.v1.structured_output.backend_guidance import (
            has_guidance_unsupported_json_features,
            validate_guidance_grammar,
        )
        from vllm.v1.structured_output.backend_lm_format_enforcer import (
            validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer,
        )
        from vllm.v1.structured_output.backend_outlines import (
            validate_structured_output_request_outlines,
        )
        from vllm.v1.structured_output.backend_xgrammar import validate_xgrammar_grammar

        if backend.startswith("xgrammar"):
            # xgrammar with no fallback
            validate_xgrammar_grammar(self)
        elif backend.startswith("guidance"):
            # TODO: ideally we would have the LLTokenizer here as Lark syntax
            # allows <|special_token|> and similar, see
            # https://github.com/guidance-ai/llguidance/blob/main/docs/syntax.md#special-tokens
            # Without tokenizer these are disallowed in grammars.
            if is_mistral_tokenizer(tokenizer):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Mistral tokenizer is not supported for the 'guidance' "
                    "structured output backend. Please use ['xgrammar', 'outlines'] "
                    "backends or tokenizer_mode='hf' instead."
                )
            validate_guidance_grammar(self, tokenizer=None)
        elif backend == "outlines":
            # outlines backend
            validate_structured_output_request_outlines(self)
        elif backend == "lm-format-enforcer":
            # lm format enforcer backend
            if is_mistral_tokenizer(tokenizer):
                raise ValueError(
                    "Mistral tokenizer is not supported for the 'lm-format-enforcer' "
                    "structured output backend. Please use ['xgrammar', 'outlines'] "
                    "backends or tokenizer_mode='hf' instead."
                )
            validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer(self)
        else:
            # NOTE: backend must be "auto" here, because we have
            # checked supported_backends above.
            # In this mode, we set opinionated defaults based on what we think
            # will satisfy the most use cases without having to worry about
            # this setting. We include fallback behavior here, but not with any
            # other setting where a specific backend was specified.
            try:
                validate_xgrammar_grammar(self)
                self.structured_outputs._backend = "xgrammar"
            except ValueError:
                # The request either failed validation
                # or includes some jsonschema feature(s) that
                # are not supported in xgrammar.

                # Check if schema has features unsupported by guidance
                so_params = self.structured_outputs
                skip_guidance = False
                if so_params.json:
                    if isinstance(so_params.json, str):
                        schema = json_mod.loads(so_params.json)
                    else:
                        schema = so_params.json
                    skip_guidance = has_guidance_unsupported_json_features(schema)

                if is_mistral_tokenizer(tokenizer) or skip_guidance:
                    # Fall back to outlines if the tokenizer is Mistral
                    # or if schema contains features unsupported by guidance
                    validate_structured_output_request_outlines(self)
                    self.structured_outputs._backend = "outlines"
                else:
                    # Fall back to guidance by default.
                    validate_guidance_grammar(self, tokenizer=None)
                    self.structured_outputs._backend = "guidance"
            # Remember that this backend was set automatically
            self.structured_outputs._backend_was_auto = True

        # Run post-init validation. This is also important to ensure subsequent
        # roundtrip serialization/deserialization won't fail.
        self.structured_outputs.__post_init__()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"SamplingParams(n={self.n}, "
            f"presence_penalty={self.presence_penalty}, "
            f"frequency_penalty={self.frequency_penalty}, "
            f"repetition_penalty={self.repetition_penalty}, "
            f"temperature={self.temperature}, "
            f"top_p={self.top_p}, "
            f"top_k={self.top_k}, "
            f"min_p={self.min_p}, "
            f"seed={self.seed}, "
            f"stop={self.stop}, "
            f"stop_token_ids={self.stop_token_ids}, "
            f"bad_words={self.bad_words}, "
            f"thinking_token_budget={self.thinking_token_budget}, "
            f"include_stop_str_in_output={self.include_stop_str_in_output}, "
            f"ignore_eos={self.ignore_eos}, "
            f"max_tokens={self.max_tokens}, "
            f"min_tokens={self.min_tokens}, "
            f"logprobs={self.logprobs}, "
            f"prompt_logprobs={self.prompt_logprobs}, "
            f"skip_special_tokens={self.skip_special_tokens}, "
            "spaces_between_special_tokens="
            f"{self.spaces_between_special_tokens}, "
            f"structured_outputs={self.structured_outputs}, "
            f"extra_args={self.extra_args})"
        )

    @staticmethod
    def for_sampler_warmup() -> "SamplingParams":
        """Set parameters to exercise all sampler logic."""
        return SamplingParams(
            temperature=0.9,
            top_p=0.9,
            top_k=50,
            min_p=0.1,
            frequency_penalty=0.5,
            presence_penalty=0.5,
            repetition_penalty=1.2,
            min_tokens=2,
            logit_bias={0: -1.0, 1: 0.5},
            _bad_words_token_ids=[[0], [1, 2]],
            logprobs=5,
            prompt_logprobs=1,
        )


class BeamSearchParams(
    msgspec.Struct,
    omit_defaults=True,  # type: ignore[call-arg]
    # required for @cached_property.
    dict=True,
):  # type: ignore[call-arg]
    """Beam search parameters for text generation."""

    beam_width: int
    max_tokens: int
    ignore_eos: bool = False
    temperature: float = 0.0
    length_penalty: float = 1.0
    include_stop_str_in_output: bool = False