docker.md

(deployment-docker)=

# Using Docker

(deployment-docker-pre-built-image)=

## Use vLLM's Official Docker Image

vLLM offers an official Docker image for deployment.
The image can be used to run OpenAI compatible server and is available on Docker Hub as [vllm/vllm-openai](https://hub.docker.com/r/vllm/vllm-openai/tags).

```console
$ docker run --runtime nvidia --gpus all \
    -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \
    --env "HUGGING_FACE_HUB_TOKEN=<secret>" \
    -p 8000:8000 \
    --ipc=host \
    vllm/vllm-openai:latest \
    --model mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1
```

This image can also be used with other container engines such as [Podman](https://podman.io/).

```console
$ podman run --gpus all \
  -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \
  --env "HUGGING_FACE_HUB_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN" \
  -p 8000:8000 \
  --ipc=host \
  vllm/vllm-openai:latest \
  --model mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1
```

You can add any other <project:#engine-args> you need after the image tag (`vllm/vllm-openai:latest`).

:::{note}
You can either use the `ipc=host` flag or `--shm-size` flag to allow the
container to access the host's shared memory. vLLM uses PyTorch, which uses shared
memory to share data between processes under the hood, particularly for tensor parallel inference.
:::

:::{note}
Optional dependencies are not included in order to avoid licensing issues (e.g. <gh-issue:8030>).

If you need to use those dependencies (having accepted the license terms),
create a custom Dockerfile on top of the base image with an extra layer that installs them:

```Dockerfile
FROM vllm/vllm-openai:v0.8.3

# e.g. install the `audio` optional dependencies
# NOTE: Make sure the version of vLLM matches the base image!
RUN uv pip install --system vllm[audio]==0.8.3
```

:::

:::{tip}
Some new models may only be available on the main branch of [HF Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers).

To use the development version of `transformers`, create a custom Dockerfile on top of the base image
with an extra layer that installs their code from source:

```Dockerfile
FROM vllm/vllm-openai:latest

RUN uv pip install --system git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git
```

:::

(deployment-docker-build-image-from-source)=

## Building vLLM's Docker Image from Source

You can build and run vLLM from source via the provided <gh-file:docker/Dockerfile>. To build vLLM:

```console
# optionally specifies: --build-arg max_jobs=8 --build-arg nvcc_threads=2
DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build . --target vllm-openai --tag vllm/vllm-openai --file docker/Dockerfile
```

:::{note}
By default vLLM will build for all GPU types for widest distribution. If you are just building for the
current GPU type the machine is running on, you can add the argument `--build-arg torch_cuda_arch_list=""`
for vLLM to find the current GPU type and build for that.

If you are using Podman instead of Docker, you might need to disable SELinux labeling by
adding `--security-opt label=disable` when running `podman build` command to avoid certain [existing issues](https://github.com/containers/buildah/discussions/4184).
:::

## Building for Arm64/aarch64

A docker container can be built for aarch64 systems such as the Nvidia Grace-Hopper. At time of this writing, this requires the use
of PyTorch Nightly and should be considered **experimental**. Using the flag `--platform "linux/arm64"` will attempt to build for arm64.

:::{note}
Multiple modules must be compiled, so this process can take a while. Recommend using `--build-arg max_jobs=` & `--build-arg nvcc_threads=`
flags to speed up build process. However, ensure your `max_jobs` is substantially larger than `nvcc_threads` to get the most benefits.
Keep an eye on memory usage with parallel jobs as it can be substantial (see example below).
:::

```console
# Example of building on Nvidia GH200 server. (Memory usage: ~15GB, Build time: ~1475s / ~25 min, Image size: 6.93GB)
$ python3 use_existing_torch.py
$ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build . \
  --file docker/Dockerfile \
  --target vllm-openai \
  --platform "linux/arm64" \
  -t vllm/vllm-gh200-openai:latest \
  --build-arg max_jobs=66 \
  --build-arg nvcc_threads=2 \
  --build-arg torch_cuda_arch_list="9.0+PTX" \
  --build-arg vllm_fa_cmake_gpu_arches="90-real"
```

## Use the custom-built vLLM Docker image

To run vLLM with the custom-built Docker image:

```console
$ docker run --runtime nvidia --gpus all \
    -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \
    -p 8000:8000 \
    --env "HUGGING_FACE_HUB_TOKEN=<secret>" \
    vllm/vllm-openai <args...>
```

The argument `vllm/vllm-openai` specifies the image to run, and should be replaced with the name of the custom-built image (the `-t` tag from the build command).

:::{note}
**For version 0.4.1 and 0.4.2 only** - the vLLM docker images under these versions are supposed to be run under the root user since a library under the root user's home directory, i.e. `/root/.config/vllm/nccl/cu12/libnccl.so.2.18.1` is required to be loaded during runtime. If you are running the container under a different user, you may need to first change the permissions of the library (and all the parent directories) to allow the user to access it, then run vLLM with environment variable `VLLM_NCCL_SO_PATH=/root/.config/vllm/nccl/cu12/libnccl.so.2.18.1` .
:::