base.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import Sequence
from pathlib import Path
from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, NamedTuple,
                    Optional, TypeVar, Union)

from torch import nn

from vllm.inputs import InputContext
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.utils import (ClassRegistry, get_allowed_kwarg_only_overrides,
                        resolve_mm_processor_kwargs)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from vllm.config import ModelConfig
    from vllm.sequence import SequenceGroupMetadata

from .inputs import (ModalityData, MultiModalDataDict, MultiModalKwargs,
                     PlaceholderRange)

logger = init_logger(__name__)

MultiModalInputMapper = Callable[[InputContext, ModalityData[object]],
                                 MultiModalKwargs]
"""
Return a dictionary to be passed as keyword arguments to
:meth:`~torch.nn.Module.forward`. This is similar in concept to tokenizers
and processors in HuggingFace Transformers.

If the data is not supported, throw :exc:`TypeError`.
"""

MultiModalTokensCalc = Union[int, Callable[[InputContext], int]]
"""
Calculate the maximum number of multimodal tokens input to the language
model. This does not include tokens that correspond to the input text.
"""

_T = TypeVar("_T")
N = TypeVar("N", bound=type[nn.Module])


class MultiModalPlugin(ABC):
    """
    Base class that defines data processing logic for a specific modality.

    In particular, we adopt a registry pattern to dispatch data processing
    according to the model being used (considering that different models may
    process the same data differently). This registry is in turn used by
    :class:`~MultiModalRegistry` which acts at a higher level
    (i.e., the modality of the data).
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._input_mappers = ClassRegistry[nn.Module, MultiModalInputMapper]()
        self._max_mm_tokens = ClassRegistry[nn.Module, MultiModalTokensCalc]()

    @abstractmethod
    def get_data_key(self) -> str:
        """
        Get the data key corresponding to the modality.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _default_input_mapper(
        self,
        ctx: InputContext,
        data: ModalityData[Any],
        **mm_processor_kwargs,
    ) -> MultiModalKwargs:
        """
        Return a dictionary to be passed as keyword arguments to
        :meth:`~torch.nn.Module.forward`. This is similar in concept to
        tokenizers and processors in HuggingFace Transformers.

        If the data is not supported, throw :exc:`TypeError`.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def register_input_mapper(
        self,
        mapper: Optional[MultiModalInputMapper] = None,
    ):
        """
        Register an input mapper to a model class.

        When the model receives input data that matches the modality served by
        this plugin (see :meth:`get_data_key`), the provided function is
        invoked to transform the data into a dictionary of model inputs.

        If `None` is provided, then the default input mapper is used instead.
        """

        def wrapper(model_cls: N) -> N:
            if self._input_mappers.contains(model_cls, strict=True):
                logger.warning(
                    "Model class %s already has an input mapper "
                    "registered to %s. It is overwritten by the new one.",
                    model_cls,
                    self,
                )

            self._input_mappers[model_cls] = (mapper
                                              or self._default_input_mapper)

            return model_cls

        return wrapper

    def map_input(
        self,
        model_config: "ModelConfig",
        data: ModalityData[Any],
        mm_processor_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, Any]],
    ) -> MultiModalKwargs:
        """
        Transform the data into a dictionary of model inputs using the
        input mapper registered for that model.

        The model is identified by ``model_config``.

        Raises:
            TypeError: If the data type is not supported.
        """

        # Avoid circular import
        from vllm.model_executor.model_loader import get_model_architecture

        model_cls, _ = get_model_architecture(model_config)

        mapper = self._input_mappers.get(model_cls)

        if mapper is None:
            raise KeyError(f"No input mapper in {self} is registered for "
                           f"model class {model_cls.__name__}.")

        if mm_processor_kwargs is None:
            mm_processor_kwargs = {}

        # In the case of the default mapper, we have to get resource
        # processor through its HuggingFace autoclass; since this goes
        # through **kwargs, we can't inspect it the same way, so we allow
        # drop mm_processor_kwargs based on signature inspection
        # if we're using the default mapper.
        #
        # This should be safe in general due to the sanitation, since the
        # transformers resource should filter unused kwargs anyway.
        uses_default_mapper = mapper == self._default_input_mapper
        mm_processor_kwargs = resolve_mm_processor_kwargs(
            model_config.mm_processor_kwargs,
            mm_processor_kwargs,
            callable=mapper,
            allow_var_kwargs=uses_default_mapper,
        )
        return mapper(InputContext(model_config), data, **mm_processor_kwargs)

    @abstractmethod
    def _default_max_multimodal_tokens(self, ctx: InputContext) -> int:
        """
        Calculate the maximum number of tokens, corresponding to a single
        instance of multimodal data, that are passed to the language model.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _validate_max_multimodal_tokens(self, max_mm_tokens: int):
        if max_mm_tokens < 1:
            raise ValueError("You should set the number of tokens to a "
                             f"positive integer. Found: {max_mm_tokens}")

    def register_max_multimodal_tokens(
        self,
        max_mm_tokens: Optional[MultiModalTokensCalc] = None,
    ):
        """
        Register the maximum number of tokens, corresponding to a single
        instance of multimodal data, that are passed to the language model
        for a model class.

        If `None` is provided, then the default calculation is used instead.
        """

        def wrapper(model_cls: N) -> N:
            if self._max_mm_tokens.contains(model_cls, strict=True):
                logger.warning(
                    "Model class %s already calculates maximum number of "
                    "tokens in %s. It is overwritten by the new one.",
                    model_cls,
                    self,
                )

            if isinstance(max_mm_tokens, int):
                self._validate_max_multimodal_tokens(max_mm_tokens)

            self._max_mm_tokens[model_cls] = (
                max_mm_tokens or self._default_max_multimodal_tokens)

            return model_cls

        return wrapper

    def get_max_multimodal_tokens(self, model_config: "ModelConfig") -> int:
        """
        Get the maximum number of multi-modal tokens
        for profiling the memory usage of a model.

        If this registry is not applicable to the model, `0` is returned.

        The model is identified by ``model_config``.
        """
        # Avoid circular import
        from vllm.model_executor.model_loader import get_model_architecture
        from vllm.model_executor.models import supports_multimodal

        model_cls, _ = get_model_architecture(model_config)

        if not supports_multimodal(model_cls):
            return 0

        max_mm_tokens = self._max_mm_tokens.get(model_cls)
        if max_mm_tokens is None:
            return 0

        if callable(max_mm_tokens):
            mm_processor_kwargs = get_allowed_kwarg_only_overrides(
                max_mm_tokens,
                overrides=model_config.mm_processor_kwargs,
                requires_kw_only=False,
                allow_var_kwargs=True,
            )
            max_mm_tokens = max_mm_tokens(InputContext(model_config),
                                          **mm_processor_kwargs)

        self._validate_max_multimodal_tokens(max_mm_tokens)

        return max_mm_tokens


class MultiModalPlaceholderMap:
    """
    Relates multi-modal embeddings to their corresponding placeholders.
    """

    class IndexMap(NamedTuple):
        src: list[int]
        dest: list[int]

    src_ranges: list[range]
    """
    The indices of the multi-modal embeddings that will replace the
    corresponding placeholder embeddings pointed to by ``dest_ranges``.
    """

    src_len: int
    """
    The total number of flattened multi-modal embeddings.
    """

    dest_ranges: list[range]
    """
    The indices of the placeholder embeddings that will be replaced by the
    multimodal embeddings.
    """

    dest_len: int
    """
    The total number of embeddings in the destination tensor.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.src_ranges = []
        self.src_len = 0
        self.dest_ranges = []
        self.dest_len = 0

    @classmethod
    def from_seq_group(
        cls, seq_group: "SequenceGroupMetadata", positions: range
    ) -> tuple[Optional[MultiModalDataDict], dict[str,
                                                  "MultiModalPlaceholderMap"]]:
        """
        Returns the multi-modal items that intersect with the portion of a
        prompt (``seq_group``) represented by ``positions``, as well as a
        ``MultiModalPlaceholderMap`` that relates the multi-modal embedding
        vectors to their corresponding placeholders.

        Examples:

        .. code-block::

            Prompt:    |AAAA BBBB What's in these images?|
            Positions: |.................................|

                images      = [A, B]
                src_ranges  = [(0, 4), (4, 8)]
                dest_ranges = [(0, 4), (5, 9)]

            Prompt:    |AAAA BBBB What's in these images?|
            Positions: |  .....                          |

                images      = [A, B]
                src_ranges  = [(2, 4), (4, 6)]
                dest_ranges = [(0, 2), (3, 5)]

            Prompt:    |AAAA BBBB What's in these images?|
            Positions: |     .........                   |

                images      = [B]
                src_ranges  = [(0, 4)]
                dest_ranges = [(0, 4)]

            Prompt:    |AAAA BBBB What's in these images?|
            Positions: |          .......................|

                images      = []
                src_ranges  = []
                dest_ranges = []
        """
        seq_mm_data = seq_group.multi_modal_data
        seq_mm_placeholders = seq_group.multi_modal_placeholders

        if not seq_mm_data or not seq_mm_placeholders:
            return seq_mm_data, {}

        # For merged processor, we directly use mm_kwargs as mm_data
        if isinstance(seq_mm_data, MultiModalKwargs):
            placeholder_maps = dict[str, MultiModalPlaceholderMap]()

            for modality, placeholders in seq_mm_placeholders.items():
                placeholder_map = MultiModalPlaceholderMap()

                if positions:
                    placeholder_map.append_items_from_seq_group(
                        positions,
                        # Dummy, since we don't care about intersecting items
                        [None] * len(placeholders),
                        placeholders,
                    )

                placeholder_maps[modality] = placeholder_map

            return seq_mm_data, placeholder_maps

        mm_data = {**seq_mm_data}
        placeholder_maps = defaultdict[str, MultiModalPlaceholderMap](
            MultiModalPlaceholderMap)

        for modality, placeholders in seq_mm_placeholders.items():
            mm_items = mm_data.pop(modality)
            if not isinstance(mm_items, list):
                mm_items = [mm_items]

            if positions:
                intersecting_items = placeholder_maps[modality] \
                    .append_items_from_seq_group(
                        positions,
                        mm_items,
                        placeholders,
                    )

                if intersecting_items:
                    mm_data[modality] = intersecting_items

        return mm_data, placeholder_maps

    def append_items_from_seq_group(
        self,
        positions: range,
        multi_modal_items: list[_T],
        multi_modal_placeholders: Sequence[PlaceholderRange],
    ) -> list[_T]:
        """
        Adds the multi-modal items that intersect ```positions`` to this
        placeholder map and returns the intersecting items.
        """
        intersecting_items = []

        if len(multi_modal_items) != len(multi_modal_placeholders):
            raise ValueError(
                "Multi-modal placeholders and items must have the same length."
            )
        for placeholder_dict, mm_item in zip(multi_modal_placeholders,
                                             multi_modal_items):
            placeholder = range(
                placeholder_dict.offset,
                placeholder_dict.offset + placeholder_dict.length,
            )
            intersection = range(
                max(positions.start, placeholder.start),
                min(positions.stop, placeholder.stop),
            )

            if not intersection:
                # Skip this multi-modal item.
                continue

            token_embedding_range = range(
                intersection.start - positions.start,
                intersection.stop - positions.start,
            )

            multimodal_embedding_range = range(
                intersection.start - placeholder.start + self.src_len,
                intersection.stop - placeholder.start + self.src_len,
            )

            intersecting_items.append(mm_item)
            self.dest_ranges.append(token_embedding_range)
            self.src_ranges.append(multimodal_embedding_range)
            self.src_len += len(placeholder)

        self.dest_len += len(positions)
        return intersecting_items

    def extend(self, other: "MultiModalPlaceholderMap"):
        """
        Adds the placeholders from another ``MultiModalPlaceholderMap`` to this
        instance based on the source and destination tensors being
        concatenated.
        """

        self.src_ranges.extend(
            range(self.src_len + r.start, self.src_len + r.stop)
            for r in other.src_ranges)
        self.src_len += other.src_len
        self.dest_ranges.extend(
            range(self.dest_len + r.start, self.dest_len + r.stop)
            for r in other.dest_ranges)
        self.dest_len += other.dest_len

    def index_map(self) -> "IndexMap":
        """
        Finalizes the placeholder map into lists of indices that can be used to
        index the source and destination tensors.
        """

        src_indices = [i for r in self.src_ranges for i in r]
        dest_indices = [i for r in self.dest_ranges for i in r]

        if len(src_indices) != len(dest_indices):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The number of source ({len(src_indices)}) and destination "
                f"indices ({len(dest_indices)}) must be the same.")

        return MultiModalPlaceholderMap.IndexMap(src=src_indices,
                                                 dest=dest_indices)


class MediaIO(ABC, Generic[_T]):

    @abstractmethod
    def load_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> _T:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def load_base64(self, media_type: str, data: str) -> _T:
        """
        List of media types:
        https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def load_file(self, filepath: Path) -> _T:
        raise NotImplementedError