parallel.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project

import os
import socket
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, overload

import torch
from pydantic import Field, field_validator, model_validator
from torch.distributed import ProcessGroup, ReduceOp, Store
from typing_extensions import Self

import vllm.envs as envs
from vllm.config.utils import config
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.platforms import current_platform
from vllm.utils.network_utils import get_open_ports_list
from vllm.utils.torch_utils import cuda_device_count_stateless

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from ray.runtime_env import RuntimeEnv
    from ray.util.placement_group import PlacementGroup

    from vllm.v1.executor import Executor
else:
    RuntimeEnv = Any
    PlacementGroup = Any
    Executor = Any

logger = init_logger(__name__)

ExpertPlacementStrategy = Literal["linear", "round_robin"]
DistributedExecutorBackend = Literal["ray", "mp", "uni", "external_launcher"]
DataParallelBackend = Literal["ray", "mp"]
EPLBPolicyOption = Literal["default"]
DCPCommBackend = Literal["ag_rs", "a2a"]
All2AllBackend = Literal[
    "naive",
    "pplx",
    "deepep_high_throughput",
    "deepep_low_latency",
    "mori",
    "nixl_ep",
    "allgather_reducescatter",
    "flashinfer_all2allv",  # temporary alias for flashinfer_nvlink_two_sided
    "flashinfer_nvlink_two_sided",
    "flashinfer_nvlink_one_sided",
]


@config
class EPLBConfig:
    """Configuration for Expert Parallel Load Balancing (EP)."""

    window_size: int = 1000
    """Window size for expert load recording."""
    step_interval: int = 3000
    """
    Interval for rearranging experts in expert parallelism.

    Note that if this is greater than the EPLB window size, only the metrics
    of the last `lb_window_size` steps will be used for rearranging experts.
    """

    num_redundant_experts: int = Field(default=0, ge=0)
    """Number of redundant experts to use for expert parallelism."""

    log_balancedness: bool = False
    """
    Log the balancedness each step of expert parallelism.
    This is turned off by default since it will cause communication overhead.
    """
    log_balancedness_interval: int = 1
    """
    Interval for logging the balancedness.
    """
    use_async: bool = False
    """
    Whether to use non-blocking EPLB.
    """

    policy: EPLBPolicyOption = "default"
    """The policy type for expert parallel load balancing (EPLB)."""

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def _validate_eplb_config(self) -> Self:
        if self.use_async and self.policy != "default":
            raise ValueError("Async EPLB is only supported with the default policy.")
        if self.log_balancedness and self.log_balancedness_interval <= 0:
            raise ValueError("log_balancedness_interval must be greater than 0.")
        return self


@config
class ParallelConfig:
    """Configuration for the distributed execution."""

    pipeline_parallel_size: int = 1
    """Number of pipeline parallel groups."""
    tensor_parallel_size: int = 1
    """Number of tensor parallel groups."""
    prefill_context_parallel_size: int = 1
    """Number of prefill context parallel groups."""
    data_parallel_size: int = 1
    """Number of data parallel groups. MoE layers will be sharded according to
    the product of the tensor parallel size and data parallel size."""
    data_parallel_size_local: int = 1
    """Number of local data parallel groups."""
    data_parallel_rank: int = 0
    """Rank of the data parallel group."""
    data_parallel_rank_local: int | None = None
    """Local rank of the data parallel group,
    set only in SPMD mode."""
    data_parallel_master_ip: str = "127.0.0.1"
    """IP of the data parallel master."""
    data_parallel_rpc_port: int = 29550
    """Port for data parallel messaging."""
    data_parallel_master_port: int = 29500
    """Port of the data parallel master."""
    data_parallel_backend: DataParallelBackend = "mp"
    """Backend to use for data parallel, either "mp" or "ray"."""
    data_parallel_external_lb: bool = False
    """Whether to use "external" DP LB mode. Applies only to online serving
    and when data_parallel_size > 0. This is useful for a "one-pod-per-rank"
    wide-EP setup in Kubernetes. Set implicitly when --data-parallel-rank
    is provided explicitly to vllm serve."""
    data_parallel_hybrid_lb: bool = False
    """Whether to use "hybrid" DP LB mode. Applies only to online serving
    and when data_parallel_size > 0. Enables running an AsyncLLM
    and API server on a "per-node" basis where vLLM load balances
    between local data parallel ranks, but an external LB balances
    between vLLM nodes/replicas. Set explicitly in conjunction with
    --data-parallel-start-rank."""
    is_moe_model: bool | None = None
    """Whether the deployed model is MoE (if known)."""
    enable_expert_parallel: bool = False
    """Use expert parallelism instead of tensor parallelism for MoE layers."""
    enable_ep_weight_filter: bool = False
    """Skip non-local expert weights during model loading when expert
    parallelism is active.  Each rank only reads its own expert shard from
    disk, which can drastically reduce storage I/O for MoE models with
    per-expert weight tensors (e.g. DeepSeek, Mixtral, Kimi-K2.5).  Has no
    effect on 3D fused-expert checkpoints (e.g. GPT-OSS) or non-MoE
    models."""
    enable_eplb: bool = False
    """Enable expert parallelism load balancing for MoE layers."""
    eplb_config: EPLBConfig = Field(default_factory=EPLBConfig)
    """Expert parallelism configuration."""
    expert_placement_strategy: ExpertPlacementStrategy = "linear"
    """The expert placement strategy for MoE layers:\n
    - "linear": Experts are placed in a contiguous manner. For example, with 4
      experts and 2 ranks, rank 0 will have experts [0, 1] and rank 1 will have
      experts [2, 3].\n
    - "round_robin": Experts are placed in a round-robin manner. For example,
      with 4 experts and 2 ranks, rank 0 will have experts [0, 2] and rank 1
      will have experts [1, 3]. This strategy can help improve load balancing
      for grouped expert models with no redundant experts."""
    all2all_backend: All2AllBackend = "allgather_reducescatter"
    """All2All backend for MoE expert parallel communication. Available options:

    - "allgather_reducescatter": All2all based on allgather and reducescatter\n
    - "deepep_high_throughput": Use deepep high-throughput kernels\n
    - "deepep_low_latency": Use deepep low-latency kernels\n
    - "mori": Use mori kernels\n
    - "nixl_ep": Use nixl-ep kernels\n
    - "flashinfer_nvlink_two_sided": Use flashinfer two-sided kernels for mnnvl
    - "flashinfer_nvlink_one_sided": Use flashinfer high-throughput a2a kernels"""

    max_parallel_loading_workers: int | None = None
    """Maximum number of parallel loading workers when loading model
    sequentially in multiple batches. To avoid RAM OOM when using tensor
    parallel and large models."""

    disable_custom_all_reduce: bool = False
    """Disable the custom all-reduce kernel and fall back to NCCL."""

    enable_elastic_ep: bool = False
    """Enable elastic expert parallelism with stateless NCCL groups for DP/EP."""

    enable_dbo: bool = False
    """Enable dual batch overlap for the model executor."""
    ubatch_size: int = 0
    """Number of ubatch size."""

    dbo_decode_token_threshold: int = 32
    """The threshold for dual batch overlap for batches only containing decodes.
    If the number of tokens in the request is greater than this threshold,
    microbatching will be used. Otherwise, the request will be processed in a
    single batch."""
    dbo_prefill_token_threshold: int = 512  # TODO(lucas): tune
    """The threshold for dual batch overlap for batches that contain one or more
    prefills. If the number of tokens in the request is greater than this
    threshold, microbatching will be used. Otherwise, the request will be
    processed in a single batch."""

    disable_nccl_for_dp_synchronization: bool | None = Field(default=None)
    """Forces the dp synchronization logic in vllm/v1/worker/dp_utils.py 
    to use Gloo instead of NCCL for its all reduce.

    Defaults to True when async scheduling is enabled, False otherwise.
    """

    ray_workers_use_nsight: bool = False
    """Whether to profile Ray workers with nsight, see https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-observability/user-guides/profiling.html#profiling-nsight-profiler."""

    ray_runtime_env: RuntimeEnv | None = None
    """Ray runtime environment to pass to distributed workers."""

    placement_group: PlacementGroup | None = None
    """ray distributed model workers placement group."""

    distributed_executor_backend: (
        str | DistributedExecutorBackend | type[Executor] | None
    ) = None
    """Backend to use for distributed model workers, either "ray" or "mp"
    (multiprocessing). If the product of pipeline_parallel_size and tensor_parallel_size
    is less than or equal to the number of GPUs available, "mp" will be used to
    keep processing on a single host. Otherwise, an error will be raised. To use "mp"
    you must also set nnodes, and to use "ray" you must manually set
    distributed_executor_backend to "ray".

    Note that tpu only support Ray for distributed inference."""

    worker_cls: str = "auto"
    """The full name of the worker class to use. If "auto", the worker class
    will be determined based on the platform."""
    sd_worker_cls: str = "auto"
    """The full name of the worker class to use for speculative decoding.
    If "auto", the worker class will be determined based on the platform."""
    worker_extension_cls: str = ""
    """The full name of the worker extension class to use. The worker extension
    class is dynamically inherited by the worker class. This is used to inject
    new attributes and methods to the worker class for use in collective_rpc
    calls."""
    master_addr: str = "127.0.0.1"
    """distributed master address for multi-node distributed 
    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
    master_port: int = 29501
    """distributed master port for multi-node distributed 
    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
    node_rank: int = 0
    """distributed node rank for multi-node distributed 
    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
    nnodes: int = 1
    """num of nodes for multi-node distributed
    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""

    distributed_timeout_seconds: int | None = None
    """Timeout in seconds for distributed operations (e.g., init_process_group).
    If set, this value is passed to torch.distributed.init_process_group as the
    timeout parameter. If None, PyTorch's default timeout is used (600s for NCCL).
    Increase this for multi-node setups where model downloads may be slow."""

    world_size: int = Field(init=False)
    """world_size is TPxPP, it affects the number of workers we create."""

    rank: int = 0
    """Global rank in distributed setup."""

    _data_parallel_master_port_list: list[int] = Field(default_factory=list)
    """List of open port auto-queried for data parallel messaging.
    Set to be private as it's not intended to be configured by users.
    """

    _coord_store_port: int = 0
    """Port of the coordination TCPStore. Can be set by the API server; workers
    connect as clients to exchange self-picked group ports at runtime."""

    decode_context_parallel_size: int = 1
    """Number of decode context parallel groups, because the world size does
    not change by dcp, it simply reuse the GPUs of TP group, and tp_size
    needs to be divisible by dcp_size."""

    dcp_kv_cache_interleave_size: int = 1
    """
    Interleave size of kv_cache storage while using DCP.
    dcp_kv_cache_interleave_size has been replaced by cp_kv_cache_interleave_size,
    and will be deprecated when PCP is fully supported.

    """
    dcp_comm_backend: DCPCommBackend = "ag_rs"
    """Communication backend for Decode Context Parallel (DCP).
    - "ag_rs": AllGather + ReduceScatter (default, existing behavior)
    - "a2a": All-to-All exchange of partial outputs + LSE, then
      combine with Triton kernel. Reduces NCCL calls from 3 to 2
      per layer for MLA models.
    """

    cp_kv_cache_interleave_size: int = 1
    """Interleave size of kv_cache storage while using DCP or PCP.
    For `total_cp_rank = pcp_rank * dcp_world_size + dcp_rank`,
        and `total_cp_world_size = pcp_world_size * dcp_world_size`.
    store interleave_size tokens on total_cp_rank i,
    then store next interleave_size tokens on total_cp_rank i+1.
    Interleave_size=1: token-level alignment, where token `i` is stored on
        total_cp_rank `i % total_cp_world_size`.
    Interleave_size=block_size: block-level alignment, where tokens are
        first populated to the preceding ranks. Tokens are then stored
        in (rank i+1, block j) only after (rank i, block j) is fully occupied.
    Block_size should be greater than or equal to cp_kv_cache_interleave_size.
    Block_size should be divisible by cp_kv_cache_interleave_size.
    """

    data_parallel_index: int = Field(init=False)
    """Equal to the data parallel rank but not used for torch process groups
    and not overridden for dense models."""

    _api_process_count: int = Field(default=1, gt=0)
    """
    The number of API processes initialized.

    Note:
        This is an internal config that is only valid for and
        should only be set by API server scale-out.
    """

    _api_process_rank: int = Field(default=0, ge=-1)
    """
    The rank of this API process, or `-1` for engine core processes
    under API server scale-out.

    Note:
        This is an internal config that is only valid for and
        should only be set by API server scale-out.
    """

    @field_validator("disable_nccl_for_dp_synchronization", mode="wrap")
    @classmethod
    def _skip_none_validation(cls, value: Any, handler: Callable) -> Any:
        """Skip validation if the value is `None` when initialisation is delayed."""
        return None if value is None else handler(value)

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def _validate_parallel_config(self) -> Self:
        if self._api_process_rank >= self._api_process_count:
            raise ValueError(
                "Invalid value of `_api_process_rank`. "
                f"Expected to be `-1` or `[0, {self._api_process_count})`, "
                f"but found: {self._api_process_rank}"
            )

        if self.all2all_backend in ["pplx", "naive"]:
            logger.warning(
                "The '%s' all2all backend has been removed. "
                "Falling back to 'allgather_reducescatter'.",
                self.all2all_backend,
            )
            self.all2all_backend = "allgather_reducescatter"

        if self.data_parallel_size_local > self.data_parallel_size:
            raise ValueError(
                f"data_parallel_size_local ({self.data_parallel_size_local}) "
                f"must be <= data_parallel_size ({self.data_parallel_size})"
            )

        if self.data_parallel_size <= 1 and self.data_parallel_external_lb:
            raise ValueError(
                "data_parallel_external_lb can only be set when data_parallel_size > 1"
            )

        if self.enable_eplb:
            if not current_platform.is_cuda_alike():
                raise ValueError(
                    "Expert parallelism load balancing is only supported on "
                    "CUDA devices or ROCm devices now."
                )
            if not self.enable_expert_parallel:
                raise ValueError("enable_expert_parallel must be True to use EPLB.")
            if self.tensor_parallel_size * self.data_parallel_size <= 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "EPLB requires tensor_parallel_size or data_parallel_size "
                    f"to be greater than 1, but got "
                    f"TP={self.tensor_parallel_size},DP={self.data_parallel_size}."
                )
        else:
            if self.eplb_config.num_redundant_experts != 0:
                raise ValueError(
                    "num_redundant_experts is set to "
                    f"{self.eplb_config.num_redundant_experts} but EPLB is not "
                    "enabled. Either enable EPLB or unset "
                    "num_redundant_experts."
                )

        # Note(hc): In the current implementation of decode context
        # parallel(DCP), tp_size needs to be divisible by dcp_size,
        # because the world size does not change by dcp, it simply
        # reuses the GPUs of TP group, and split one TP group into
        # tp_size//dcp_size DCP groups.
        if self.tensor_parallel_size % self.decode_context_parallel_size != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"tp_size={self.tensor_parallel_size} must be divisible by"
                f"dcp_size={self.decode_context_parallel_size}."
            )

        if self.dcp_comm_backend == "a2a" and self.decode_context_parallel_size <= 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "dcp_comm_backend='a2a' requires decode_context_parallel_size > 1."
            )

        return self

    @property
    def world_size_across_dp(self) -> int:
        """world_size_across_dp is TPxPPxDP, it is the size of the world
        including data parallelism."""
        return self.world_size * self.data_parallel_size

    @property
    def use_ubatching(self) -> bool:
        return self.enable_dbo or self.ubatch_size > 1

    @property
    def num_ubatches(self) -> int:
        return 2 if self.enable_dbo else self.ubatch_size

    @property
    def local_engines_only(self) -> bool:
        """
        Client manages local+remote EngineCores in pure internal LB case.
        Client manages local EngineCores in hybrid and external LB case.
        """
        return self.data_parallel_external_lb or self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb

    def get_next_dp_init_port(self) -> int:
        """
        We might need to initialize process groups in multiple
        processes that is related to data parallelism,
        e.g. both in the worker and in the engine, which
        can live in different processes. To avoid port conflicts, we
        pop a new port from the prepared port list each time we need to
        initialize a new process group related to data parallelism.
        """
        if self._data_parallel_master_port_list:
            answer = self._data_parallel_master_port_list.pop()
        else:
            answer = self.data_parallel_master_port
            self.data_parallel_master_port += 1

        return answer

    def _pick_stateless_dp_port(self) -> tuple[int, socket.socket | None]:
        """Return ``(port, listen_socket)`` for DP group init.

        With a coord store, rank 0 binds a socket and publishes the port;
        others read it.  Without one, pops a pre-allocated port and
        returns ``listen_socket=None``.
        """
        if not self._coord_store_port:
            return self.get_next_dp_init_port(), None

        from vllm.distributed.utils import get_cached_tcp_store_client

        store = get_cached_tcp_store_client(
            self.data_parallel_master_ip, self._coord_store_port
        )

        key = "dp_master_port"
        if self.data_parallel_rank == 0:
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            s.bind((self.data_parallel_master_ip, 0))
            s.listen()
            port = s.getsockname()[1]
            store.set(key, str(port).encode())
            return port, s
        else:
            return int(store.get(key).decode()), None

    @overload
    def stateless_init_dp_group(
        self, return_store: Literal[False] = ...
    ) -> ProcessGroup: ...
    @overload
    def stateless_init_dp_group(
        self, return_store: Literal[True] = ...
    ) -> tuple[ProcessGroup, Store]: ...
    def stateless_init_dp_group(
        self, return_store: bool = False
    ) -> ProcessGroup | tuple[ProcessGroup, Store]:
        # NOTE: In high-concurrency scenarios multiple processes
        # can pick the same (currently free) port through a race
        # condition when calling `get_open_port()`. When the first
        # process binds the port the others will subsequently fail
        # with `torch.distributed.DistNetworkError: EADDRINUSE`.
        # To make the initialization more robust we retry a few times
        # with a fresh port whenever this specific error is observed.
        from torch.distributed import DistNetworkError

        from vllm.distributed.utils import (
            stateless_init_torch_distributed_process_group,
        )

        max_retries = 5
        last_exc: Exception | None = None
        for _ in range(max_retries):
            try:
                port, listen_socket = self._pick_stateless_dp_port()
                # use gloo since the engine process might not have cuda device
                return stateless_init_torch_distributed_process_group(
                    self.data_parallel_master_ip,
                    port,
                    self.data_parallel_rank,
                    self.data_parallel_size,
                    backend="gloo",
                    return_store=return_store,
                    listen_socket=listen_socket,
                )
            except DistNetworkError as e:
                # We only want to retry when the root cause is EADDRINUSE.
                if "EADDRINUSE" in str(e):
                    logger.warning("Address already in use. Retrying with a new port.")
                    last_exc = e
                    continue  # try again with a new port
                raise e

        # If we get here all retries have failed.
        assert last_exc is not None
        raise last_exc

    # The all_reduce at the end of attention (during o_proj) means that
    # inputs are replicated across each rank of the tensor parallel group.
    # If using expert-parallelism with DeepEP All2All ops, replicated
    # tokens results in useless duplicate computation and communication.
    #
    # In this case, ensure the input to the experts is sequence parallel
    # to avoid the excess work.
    #
    @property
    def use_sequence_parallel_moe(self) -> bool:
        return (
            self.all2all_backend
            in (
                "allgather_reducescatter",
                "deepep_high_throughput",
                "deepep_low_latency",
                "mori",
                "nixl_ep",
            )
            and self.enable_expert_parallel
            and self.tensor_parallel_size > 1
            and self.data_parallel_size > 1
        )

    @property
    def node_rank_within_dp(self) -> int:
        return self.node_rank % self.nnodes_within_dp

    @property
    def nnodes_within_dp(self) -> int:
        if self.nnodes == 1:
            return 1
        data_parallel_node_size = (
            self.data_parallel_size // self.data_parallel_size_local
        )
        return self.nnodes // data_parallel_node_size

    @property
    def local_world_size(self) -> int:
        return self.world_size // self.nnodes_within_dp

    @staticmethod
    def has_unfinished_dp(dp_group: ProcessGroup, has_unfinished: bool) -> bool:
        tensor = torch.tensor([has_unfinished], dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu")
        # dp rank 0: has_unfinished_seqs=True
        # dp rank 1: has_unfinished_seqs=False
        # aggregated: has_unfinished_seqs=True
        # so this is an OR operation, i.e. MAX in integers
        torch.distributed.all_reduce(tensor, op=ReduceOp.MAX, group=dp_group)
        aggregated_has_unfinished = bool(tensor.item())
        return aggregated_has_unfinished

    @staticmethod
    def sync_kv_cache_memory_size(dp_group: ProcessGroup, kv_cache_memory: int) -> int:
        if kv_cache_memory == -1:
            kv_cache_memory = torch.iinfo(torch.int64).max
        tensor = torch.tensor([kv_cache_memory], dtype=torch.int64, device="cpu")
        # we cannot use broadcast for stateless dp group since it depends
        # on global rank
        torch.distributed.all_reduce(tensor, op=ReduceOp.MIN, group=dp_group)
        return tensor.item()

    def compute_hash(self):
        """
        Provide a hash that uniquely identifies all the configs
        that affect the structure of the computation
        graph from input ids/embeddings to the final hidden states,
        excluding anything before input ids/embeddings and after
        the final hidden states.

        This hash is also used for DP worker configuration validation
        to prevent hangs from mismatched collective communication patterns.
        """
        ignored_factors = {
            # Derived/runtime topology, networking, or launch details
            "data_parallel_rank",
            "data_parallel_rank_local",
            "data_parallel_size_local",
            "data_parallel_index",
            "data_parallel_backend",
            "data_parallel_external_lb",
            "data_parallel_hybrid_lb",
            "data_parallel_master_ip",
            "data_parallel_master_port",
            "_data_parallel_master_port_list",
            "data_parallel_rpc_port",
            "rank",
            "master_addr",
            "master_port",
            "node_rank",
            "nnodes",
            "max_parallel_loading_workers",
            "disable_custom_all_reduce",
            "ray_workers_use_nsight",
            "ray_runtime_env",
            "placement_group",
            "distributed_executor_backend",
            "worker_cls",
            "sd_worker_cls",
            "worker_extension_cls",
            "_api_process_count",
            "_api_process_rank",
        }

        from vllm.config.utils import get_hash_factors, hash_factors

        factors = get_hash_factors(self, ignored_factors)
        return hash_factors(factors)

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        # Continue with the rest of the initialization
        self.world_size = (
            self.pipeline_parallel_size
            * self.tensor_parallel_size
            * self.prefill_context_parallel_size
        )

        if self.distributed_executor_backend == "external_launcher":
            logger.info("Using external launcher for distributed inference.")
            self.world_size *= self.data_parallel_size

        if self.enable_elastic_ep:
            if not self.enable_eplb:
                raise ValueError("Elastic EP is only supported with enable_eplb=True.")
            if self.pipeline_parallel_size > 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Elastic EP is not supported with pipeline parallelism "
                    f"(pipeline_parallel_size={self.pipeline_parallel_size})."
                )
            if self.data_parallel_external_lb or self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb:
                raise NotImplementedError(
                    "Elastic EP is not compatible with data_parallel_external_lb "
                    "or data_parallel_hybrid_lb. Elastic EP relies on a single API "
                    "server and core client to coordinate scale up/down."
                )

        if self.data_parallel_size > 1 or self.data_parallel_size_local == 0:
            # Data parallel was specified in the engine args.
            if self.distributed_executor_backend == "external_launcher":
                # For external launcher,
                # we need to set the data parallel rank automatically
                self.data_parallel_rank = int(os.environ["RANK"]) // (
                    self.world_size // self.data_parallel_size
                )
                logger.info(
                    "Set data_parallel_rank to %d automatically.",
                    self.data_parallel_rank,
                )
            if not self.enable_elastic_ep:
                if not self._data_parallel_master_port_list:
                    self._data_parallel_master_port_list = get_open_ports_list(5)
                self.data_parallel_master_port = (
                    self._data_parallel_master_port_list.pop()
                )

            if not (0 <= self.data_parallel_rank < self.data_parallel_size):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"data_parallel_rank ({self.data_parallel_rank})"
                    f" must be in the range [0, {self.data_parallel_size})"
                )
        else:
            # Otherwise fall back to env vars (e.g. for offline SPMD case).
            self.data_parallel_size = envs.VLLM_DP_SIZE
            self.data_parallel_rank = envs.VLLM_DP_RANK
            self.data_parallel_rank_local = envs.VLLM_DP_RANK_LOCAL
            self.data_parallel_master_ip = envs.VLLM_DP_MASTER_IP
            self.data_parallel_master_port = envs.VLLM_DP_MASTER_PORT

            if self.data_parallel_size > 1 and self.is_moe_model is False:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Offline data parallel mode is not supported/useful"
                    " for dense models."
                )

        self.data_parallel_index = self.data_parallel_rank

        if self.distributed_executor_backend == "external_launcher":
            os.environ["VLLM_ENABLE_V1_MULTIPROCESSING"] = "0"
            logger.info("Disabling V1 multiprocessing for external launcher.")

        if self.distributed_executor_backend is None and self.world_size_across_dp > 1:
            # We use multiprocessing by default if world_size fits on the
            # current node and we aren't in a ray placement group.

            from vllm.v1.executor import ray_utils

            backend: DistributedExecutorBackend = "mp"
            ray_found = ray_utils.ray_is_available()
            if current_platform.is_tpu() and envs.VLLM_XLA_USE_SPMD:
                backend = "uni"
            elif current_platform.is_cuda() and self.nnodes > 1:
                backend = "mp"
            elif (
                current_platform.is_cuda()
                and cuda_device_count_stateless() < self.world_size
            ):
                gpu_count = cuda_device_count_stateless()
                raise ValueError(
                    f"World size ({self.world_size}) is larger than the number of "
                    f"available GPUs ({gpu_count}) in this node. If this is "
                    "intentional and you are using:\n"
                    "- ray, set '--distributed-executor-backend ray'.\n"
                    "- multiprocessing, set '--nnodes' appropriately."
                )
            elif self.data_parallel_backend == "ray":
                logger.info(
                    "Using ray distributed inference because "
                    "data_parallel_backend is ray"
                )
                backend = "ray"
            elif ray_found:
                if self.placement_group:
                    backend = "ray"
                else:
                    from ray import is_initialized as ray_is_initialized

                    if ray_is_initialized():
                        from ray.util import get_current_placement_group

                        if get_current_placement_group():
                            backend = "ray"
            self.distributed_executor_backend = backend
            logger.debug("Defaulting to use %s for distributed inference", backend)

        if self.distributed_executor_backend is None and self.world_size == 1:
            self.distributed_executor_backend = "uni"

        if self.max_parallel_loading_workers is not None:
            logger.warning(
                "max_parallel_loading_workers is currently "
                "not supported and will be ignored."
            )
        allowed_backends = ("mp", "uni", "external_launcher")
        if (
            self.distributed_executor_backend not in allowed_backends
            and self.nnodes > 1
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "nnodes > 1 can only be set when distributed executor "
                "backend is mp, uni or external_launcher."
            )

        if (
            self.all2all_backend in ("allgather_reducescatter")
            and self.eplb_config.use_async
        ):
            logger.warning(
                "Async EPLB causes hangs with the '%s' all2all backend. "
                "Forcing synchronous EPLB.",
                self.all2all_backend,
            )
            self.eplb_config.use_async = False

    @property
    def use_ray(self) -> bool:
        return self.distributed_executor_backend == "ray" or (
            isinstance(self.distributed_executor_backend, type)
            and getattr(self.distributed_executor_backend, "uses_ray", False)
        )

    @model_validator(mode="after")
    def _verify_args(self) -> Self:
        # Lazy import to avoid circular import
        from vllm.v1.executor import Executor

        # Enable batch invariance settings if requested
        if envs.VLLM_BATCH_INVARIANT:
            self.disable_custom_all_reduce = True

        if (
            self.distributed_executor_backend is not None
            and not isinstance(self.distributed_executor_backend, str)
            and not (
                isinstance(self.distributed_executor_backend, type)
                and issubclass(self.distributed_executor_backend, Executor)
            )
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "Unrecognized distributed executor backend "
                f"{self.distributed_executor_backend}. Supported "
                "values are 'ray', 'mp' 'uni', 'external_launcher', "
                " custom Executor subclass or its import path."
            )
        if self.use_ray:
            from vllm.v1.executor import ray_utils

            ray_utils.assert_ray_available()

        if not current_platform.use_custom_allreduce():
            self.disable_custom_all_reduce = True
            logger.debug(
                "Disabled the custom all-reduce kernel because it is not "
                "supported on current platform."
            )
        if self.nnodes > 1:
            self.disable_custom_all_reduce = True
            logger.debug(
                "Disabled the custom all-reduce since we are running on multi-node."
            )
        if self.ray_workers_use_nsight and not self.use_ray:
            raise ValueError(
                "Unable to use nsight profiling unless workers run with Ray."
            )

        return self