cuda.py

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
"""Code inside this file can safely assume cuda platform, e.g. importing
pynvml. However, it should not initialize cuda context.
"""

import os
from collections.abc import Callable
from functools import cache, wraps
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar

import torch
from typing_extensions import ParamSpec

# import custom ops, trigger op registration
import vllm._C  # noqa
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.utils.import_utils import import_pynvml
from vllm.utils.torch_utils import cuda_device_count_stateless
from vllm.v1.attention.backends.registry import AttentionBackendEnum

from .interface import DeviceCapability, Platform, PlatformEnum

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from vllm.config import VllmConfig
    from vllm.config.cache import CacheDType
    from vllm.v1.attention.selector import AttentionSelectorConfig
else:
    VllmConfig = None
    CacheDType = None

logger = init_logger(__name__)

_P = ParamSpec("_P")
_R = TypeVar("_R")

pynvml = import_pynvml()

# pytorch 2.5 uses cudnn sdpa by default, which will cause crash on some models
# see https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/9704 for details
torch.backends.cuda.enable_cudnn_sdp(False)


@cache
def _get_backend_priorities(
    use_mla: bool,
    device_capability: DeviceCapability,
    num_heads: int | None = None,
) -> list[AttentionBackendEnum]:
    """Get backend priorities with lazy import to avoid circular dependency."""
    if use_mla:
        if device_capability.major == 10:
            # Prefer FlashInfer at low head counts (FlashMLA uses padding)
            if num_heads is not None and num_heads <= 16:
                sparse_backends = [
                    AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA_SPARSE,
                    AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA_SPARSE,
                ]
            else:
                sparse_backends = [
                    AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA_SPARSE,
                    AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA_SPARSE,
                ]
            return [
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.CUTLASS_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.TRITON_MLA,
                *sparse_backends,
            ]
        else:
            return [
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.TRITON_MLA,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA_SPARSE,
            ]
    else:
        if device_capability.major == 10:
            return [
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN,
                AttentionBackendEnum.TRITON_ATTN,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLEX_ATTENTION,
            ]
        else:
            return [
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER,
                AttentionBackendEnum.TRITON_ATTN,
                AttentionBackendEnum.FLEX_ATTENTION,
            ]


def with_nvml_context(fn: Callable[_P, _R]) -> Callable[_P, _R]:
    @wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _R:
        pynvml.nvmlInit()
        try:
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        finally:
            pynvml.nvmlShutdown()

    return wrapper


class CudaPlatformBase(Platform):
    _enum = PlatformEnum.CUDA
    device_name: str = "cuda"
    device_type: str = "cuda"
    dispatch_key: str = "CUDA"
    ray_device_key: str = "GPU"
    dist_backend: str = "nccl"
    device_control_env_var: str = "CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"
    ray_noset_device_env_vars: list[str] = [
        "RAY_EXPERIMENTAL_NOSET_CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES",
    ]

    @property
    def supported_dtypes(self) -> list[torch.dtype]:
        if self.has_device_capability(80):
            # Ampere and Hopper or later NVIDIA GPUs.
            return [torch.bfloat16, torch.float16, torch.float32]
        if self.has_device_capability(60):
            # Pascal, Volta and Turing NVIDIA GPUs, BF16 is not supported
            return [torch.float16, torch.float32]
        # Kepler and Maxwell NVIDIA GPUs, only FP32 is supported,
        # though vLLM doesn't support these GPUs.
        return [torch.float32]

    @classmethod
    def set_device(cls, device: torch.device) -> None:
        """
        Set the device for the current platform.
        """
        torch.cuda.set_device(device)
        # With this trick we can force the device to be set eagerly
        # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/155668
        # for why and when it is needed
        _ = torch.zeros(1, device=device)

    @classmethod
    def get_device_capability(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> DeviceCapability | None:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @classmethod
    def get_device_name(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @classmethod
    def get_device_total_memory(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> int:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @classmethod
    def is_fully_connected(cls, device_ids: list[int]) -> bool:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @classmethod
    def log_warnings(cls):
        pass

    @classmethod
    def check_and_update_config(cls, vllm_config: "VllmConfig") -> None:
        from vllm.v1.attention.backends.registry import AttentionBackendEnum

        parallel_config = vllm_config.parallel_config
        model_config = vllm_config.model_config

        if parallel_config.worker_cls == "auto":
            parallel_config.worker_cls = "vllm.v1.worker.gpu_worker.Worker"

        cache_config = vllm_config.cache_config
        if cache_config and cache_config.block_size is None:
            cache_config.block_size = 16

        # TODO(lucas): handle this more gracefully
        # Note: model_config may be None during testing
        # Note: block_size is initialized in
        # HybridAttentionMambaModelConfig.verify_and_update_config
        # for models with both attention and mamba,
        # and doesn't need to be reinitialized here
        if (
            model_config is not None
            and model_config.use_mla
            and cache_config.block_size is not None
        ):
            use_sparse = hasattr(vllm_config.model_config.hf_config, "index_topk")
            # If `--attention-config.backend` is not set and we are using MLA,
            # then we default to FlashMLA backend for non-blackwell GPUs,
            # else we default to CutlassMLA. For each case, we force the
            # required block_size.
            use_flashmla = False
            use_cutlass_mla = False
            use_flashinfer_mla = False
            use_flashmla_sparse = False
            use_flashinfer_mla_sparse = False

            from vllm.v1.attention.ops.flashmla import is_flashmla_dense_supported

            if vllm_config.attention_config.backend is None:
                # Default case
                hf_text_config = model_config.hf_text_config
                qk_nope_head_dim = getattr(hf_text_config, "qk_nope_head_dim", 1)
                if (
                    cls.is_device_capability_family(100)
                    and not use_sparse
                    and qk_nope_head_dim == 128
                ):
                    # Blackwell => Force FlashInfer MLA (unless sparse, i.e. DSv3.2)
                    # and only if qk_nope_head_dim == 128 (kernel constraint)
                    use_flashinfer_mla = True
                    # Set the backend in AttentionConfig so it's used during
                    # backend selection
                    vllm_config.attention_config.backend = (
                        AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA
                    )
                elif cls.is_device_capability_family(100) and not use_sparse:
                    # Fall back to CUTLASS_MLA as 2nd priority on Blackwell
                    use_cutlass_mla = True
                elif is_flashmla_dense_supported()[0]:
                    # Non-Blackwell with FlashMLA support
                    use_flashmla = True
                else:
                    # Fallback: will use Triton MLA or other compatible backend
                    pass
            else:
                # Forced case
                backend = vllm_config.attention_config.backend
                use_flashmla = backend == AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA
                use_cutlass_mla = backend == AttentionBackendEnum.CUTLASS_MLA
                use_flashinfer_mla = backend == AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA
                use_flashmla_sparse = backend == AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHMLA_SPARSE
                use_flashinfer_mla_sparse = (
                    backend == AttentionBackendEnum.FLASHINFER_MLA_SPARSE
                )

            if (
                use_flashmla
                and is_flashmla_dense_supported()[0]
                and cache_config.block_size % 64 != 0
            ):
                cache_config.block_size = 64
                logger.info("Forcing kv cache block size to 64 for FlashMLA backend.")

            if use_cutlass_mla and cache_config.block_size % 128 != 0:
                cache_config.block_size = 128
                logger.info(
                    "Forcing kv cache block size to 128 for CUTLASS_MLA backend."
                )

            if (
                use_flashinfer_mla
                and cache_config.block_size != 32
                and cache_config.block_size % 64 != 0
            ):
                cache_config.block_size = 64
                logger.info(
                    "Forcing kv cache block size to 64 for FlashInferMLA backend."
                )

            if use_sparse:
                if not (use_flashmla_sparse or use_flashinfer_mla_sparse):
                    use_flashmla_sparse = True

                if use_flashmla_sparse and cache_config.block_size != 64:
                    cache_config.block_size = 64
                    logger.info(
                        "Forcing kv cache block size to 64 for FlashMLASparse backend."
                    )
                elif use_flashinfer_mla_sparse and cache_config.block_size not in (
                    32,
                    64,
                ):
                    cache_config.block_size = 64
                    logger.info(
                        "Forcing kv cache block size to 64 for FlashInferMLASparse "
                        "backend."
                    )

        scheduler_config = vllm_config.scheduler_config
        # Note: model_config may be None during testing
        if (
            model_config is not None
            and model_config.is_mm_prefix_lm
            and scheduler_config.is_multimodal_model
            and not scheduler_config.disable_chunked_mm_input
        ):
            logger.warning(
                "Forcing --disable_chunked_mm_input for models "
                "with multimodal-bidirectional attention."
            )
            scheduler_config.disable_chunked_mm_input = True

    @classmethod
    def get_current_memory_usage(
        cls, device: torch.types.Device | None = None
    ) -> float:
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats(device)
        return torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated(device)

    @classmethod
    def get_valid_backends(
        cls,
        device_capability: DeviceCapability,
        attn_selector_config: "AttentionSelectorConfig",
        num_heads: int | None = None,
    ) -> tuple[
        list[tuple["AttentionBackendEnum", int]],
        dict["AttentionBackendEnum", list[str]],
    ]:
        valid_backends_priorities = []
        invalid_reasons = {}

        backend_priorities = _get_backend_priorities(
            attn_selector_config.use_mla,
            device_capability,
            num_heads,
        )
        for priority, backend in enumerate(backend_priorities):
            try:
                backend_class = backend.get_class()
                invalid_reasons_i = backend_class.validate_configuration(
                    device_capability=device_capability,
                    **attn_selector_config._asdict(),
                )
            except ImportError:
                invalid_reasons_i = ["ImportError"]
            if invalid_reasons_i:
                invalid_reasons[backend] = invalid_reasons_i
            else:
                valid_backends_priorities.append((backend, priority))

        return valid_backends_priorities, invalid_reasons

    @classmethod
    def get_attn_backend_cls(
        cls,
        selected_backend: "AttentionBackendEnum",
        attn_selector_config: "AttentionSelectorConfig",
        num_heads: int | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        device_capability = cls.get_device_capability()
        assert device_capability is not None

        attn_selector_config = attn_selector_config._replace(block_size=None)
        # First try checking just the selected backend, if there is one.
        if selected_backend is not None:
            try:
                backend_class = selected_backend.get_class()
                invalid_reasons = backend_class.validate_configuration(
                    device_capability=device_capability,
                    **attn_selector_config._asdict(),
                )
            except ImportError:
                invalid_reasons = ["ImportError"]
            if invalid_reasons:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Selected backend {selected_backend} is not valid for "
                    f"this configuration. Reason: {invalid_reasons}"
                )
            else:
                logger.info("Using %s backend.", selected_backend)
                return selected_backend.get_path()

        # No selected backend or the selected backend is invalid,
        # so we try finding a valid backend.
        valid_backends_priorities, invalid_reasons = cls.get_valid_backends(
            device_capability=device_capability,
            attn_selector_config=attn_selector_config,
            num_heads=num_heads,
        )
        reasons_str = (
            "{"
            + ", ".join(
                f"{backend.name}: [{', '.join(reasons)}]"
                for backend, reasons in invalid_reasons.items()
            )
            + "}"
        )
        config_str = attn_selector_config.__repr__()
        logger.debug_once(
            f"Some attention backends are not valid for {cls.device_name} with "
            f"{config_str}. Reasons: {reasons_str}."
        )
        if len(valid_backends_priorities) == 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"No valid attention backend found for {cls.device_name} "
                f"with {config_str}. Reasons: {reasons_str}."
            )

        # We have found some valid backends. Select the one with the
        # highest priority.
        sorted_indices = sorted(
            range(len(valid_backends_priorities)),
            key=lambda i: valid_backends_priorities[i][1],
        )
        selected_index = sorted_indices[0]
        selected_backend = valid_backends_priorities[selected_index][0]
        logger.info_once(
            "Using %s attention backend out of potential backends: %s.",
            selected_backend.name,
            "[" + ", ".join(f"'{b[0].name}'" for b in valid_backends_priorities) + "]",
            scope="local",
        )

        return selected_backend.get_path()

    @classmethod
    def get_supported_vit_attn_backends(cls) -> list["AttentionBackendEnum"]:
        return [
            AttentionBackendEnum.TORCH_SDPA,
            AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN,
        ]

    @classmethod
    def get_vit_attn_backend(
        cls,
        head_size: int,
        dtype: torch.dtype,
        backend: "AttentionBackendEnum | None" = None,
    ) -> "AttentionBackendEnum":
        if backend is not None:
            assert backend in cls.get_supported_vit_attn_backends(), (
                f"Backend {backend} is not supported for vit attention. "
                f"Supported backends are: {cls.get_supported_vit_attn_backends()}"
            )
            logger.info_once(f"Using backend {backend} for vit attention")
            return backend

        # Try FlashAttention first
        if (cc := cls.get_device_capability()) and cc.major >= 8:
            try:
                backend_class = AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN.get_class()
                if backend_class.supports_head_size(
                    head_size
                ) and backend_class.supports_dtype(dtype):
                    return AttentionBackendEnum.FLASH_ATTN
            except ImportError:
                pass

        return AttentionBackendEnum.TORCH_SDPA

    @classmethod
    def get_punica_wrapper(cls) -> str:
        return "vllm.lora.punica_wrapper.punica_gpu.PunicaWrapperGPU"

    @classmethod
    def get_device_communicator_cls(cls) -> str:
        return (
            "vllm.distributed.device_communicators.cuda_communicator.CudaCommunicator"  # noqa
        )

    @classmethod
    def supports_fp8(cls) -> bool:
        return cls.has_device_capability(89)

    @classmethod
    def use_custom_allreduce(cls) -> bool:
        return True

    @classmethod
    def opaque_attention_op(cls) -> bool:
        return True

    @classmethod
    def get_static_graph_wrapper_cls(cls) -> str:
        return "vllm.compilation.cuda_graph.CUDAGraphWrapper"

    @classmethod
    def device_count(cls) -> int:
        return cuda_device_count_stateless()

    @classmethod
    def check_if_supports_dtype(cls, dtype: torch.dtype):
        if dtype == torch.bfloat16:  # noqa: SIM102
            if not cls.has_device_capability(80):
                capability = cls.get_device_capability()
                gpu_name = cls.get_device_name()

                if capability is None:
                    compute_str = "does not have a compute capability"
                else:
                    version_str = capability.as_version_str()
                    compute_str = f"has compute capability {version_str}"

                raise ValueError(
                    "Bfloat16 is only supported on GPUs "
                    "with compute capability of at least 8.0. "
                    f"Your {gpu_name} GPU {compute_str}. "
                    "You can use float16 instead by explicitly setting the "
                    "`dtype` flag in CLI, for example: --dtype=half."
                )

    @classmethod
    def insert_blocks_to_device(
        cls,
        src_cache: torch.Tensor,
        dst_cache: torch.Tensor,
        src_block_indices: torch.Tensor,
        dst_block_indices: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> None:
        """Copy blocks from src_cache to dst_cache on GPU."""
        _src_cache = src_cache[:, src_block_indices]
        dst_cache[:, dst_block_indices] = _src_cache.to(dst_cache.device)

    @classmethod
    def swap_out_blocks_to_host(
        cls,
        src_cache: torch.Tensor,
        dst_cache: torch.Tensor,
        src_block_indices: torch.Tensor,
        dst_block_indices: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> None:
        """Copy blocks from GPU to host (CPU)."""
        _src_cache = src_cache[:, src_block_indices]
        dst_cache[:, dst_block_indices] = _src_cache.cpu()

    @classmethod
    def support_hybrid_kv_cache(cls) -> bool:
        return True

    @classmethod
    def support_static_graph_mode(cls) -> bool:
        return True


# NVML utils
# Note that NVML is not affected by `CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`,
# all the related functions work on real physical device ids.
# the major benefit of using NVML is that it will not initialize CUDA
class NvmlCudaPlatform(CudaPlatformBase):
    @classmethod
    @cache
    @with_nvml_context
    def get_device_capability(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> DeviceCapability | None:
        try:
            physical_device_id = cls.device_id_to_physical_device_id(device_id)
            handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(physical_device_id)
            major, minor = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetCudaComputeCapability(handle)
            return DeviceCapability(major=major, minor=minor)
        except RuntimeError:
            return None

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def has_device_capability(
        cls,
        capability: tuple[int, int] | int,
        device_id: int = 0,
    ) -> bool:
        try:
            return super().has_device_capability(capability, device_id)
        except RuntimeError:
            return False

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def get_device_name(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> str:
        physical_device_id = cls.device_id_to_physical_device_id(device_id)
        return cls._get_physical_device_name(physical_device_id)

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def get_device_uuid(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> str:
        physical_device_id = cls.device_id_to_physical_device_id(device_id)
        handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(physical_device_id)
        return pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetUUID(handle)

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def get_device_total_memory(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> int:
        physical_device_id = cls.device_id_to_physical_device_id(device_id)
        handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(physical_device_id)
        return int(pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo(handle).total)

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def is_fully_connected(cls, physical_device_ids: list[int]) -> bool:
        """
        query if the set of gpus are fully connected by nvlink (1 hop)
        """
        handles = [pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(i) for i in physical_device_ids]
        for i, handle in enumerate(handles):
            for j, peer_handle in enumerate(handles):
                if i < j:
                    try:
                        p2p_status = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetP2PStatus(
                            handle,
                            peer_handle,
                            pynvml.NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_NVLINK,
                        )
                        if p2p_status != pynvml.NVML_P2P_STATUS_OK:
                            return False
                    except pynvml.NVMLError:
                        logger.exception(
                            "NVLink detection failed. This is normal if"
                            " your machine has no NVLink equipped."
                        )
                        return False
        return True

    @classmethod
    def _get_physical_device_name(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> str:
        handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(device_id)
        return pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetName(handle)

    @classmethod
    @with_nvml_context
    def log_warnings(cls):
        device_ids: int = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetCount()
        if device_ids > 1:
            device_names = [cls._get_physical_device_name(i) for i in range(device_ids)]
            if (
                len(set(device_names)) > 1
                and os.environ.get("CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER") != "PCI_BUS_ID"
            ):
                logger.warning(
                    "Detected different devices in the system: %s. Please"
                    " make sure to set `CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID` to "
                    "avoid unexpected behavior.",
                    ", ".join(device_names),
                )


class NonNvmlCudaPlatform(CudaPlatformBase):
    @classmethod
    @cache
    def get_device_capability(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> DeviceCapability:
        major, minor = torch.cuda.get_device_capability(device_id)
        return DeviceCapability(major=major, minor=minor)

    @classmethod
    def get_device_name(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> str:
        return torch.cuda.get_device_name(device_id)

    @classmethod
    def get_device_total_memory(cls, device_id: int = 0) -> int:
        device_props = torch.cuda.get_device_properties(device_id)
        return device_props.total_memory

    @classmethod
    def is_fully_connected(cls, physical_device_ids: list[int]) -> bool:
        logger.exception(
            "NVLink detection not possible, as context support was"
            " not found. Assuming no NVLink available."
        )
        return False


# Autodetect either NVML-enabled or non-NVML platform
# based on whether NVML is available.
nvml_available = False
try:
    try:
        pynvml.nvmlInit()
        nvml_available = True
    except Exception:
        # On Jetson, NVML is not supported.
        nvml_available = False
finally:
    if nvml_available:
        pynvml.nvmlShutdown()

CudaPlatform = NvmlCudaPlatform if nvml_available else NonNvmlCudaPlatform

CudaPlatform.log_warnings()