processing.py

import re
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import (Callable, Generator, ItemsView, Iterable, Mapping,
                             Sequence)
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Generic, NamedTuple, Optional, Protocol,
                    TypeVar, Union)

from transformers import BatchFeature, PretrainedConfig, ProcessorMixin

import vllm.envs as envs
from vllm.inputs import InputProcessingContext
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.transformers_utils.tokenizer import (AnyTokenizer, decode_tokens,
                                               encode_tokens)
from vllm.utils import LRUCache, flatten_2d_lists, full_groupby

from .hasher import MultiModalHasher
from .inputs import (MultiModalDataDict, MultiModalFieldConfig,
                     MultiModalInputs, MultiModalKwargs, MultiModalKwargsItem,
                     PlaceholderRange)
from .parse import MultiModalDataItems, MultiModalDataParser

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .profiling import BaseDummyInputsBuilder

logger = init_logger(__name__)

_S = TypeVar("_S", str, list[int])
_PromptSeq = Union[str, list[int]]


@dataclass
class PromptReplacementDetails:
    full: _PromptSeq
    """The full replacement."""

    features: _PromptSeq
    """
    The part of the replacement that corresponds to placeholder feature tokens.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def from_seq(seq: _PromptSeq) -> "PromptReplacementDetails":
        return PromptReplacementDetails(full=seq, features=seq)


_PromptRepl = Union[_PromptSeq, PromptReplacementDetails]


@dataclass
class PromptReplacement:
    """
    Defines how to replace portions of an input prompt with placeholder tokens.
    """

    modality: str
    """The modality for which the replacement is made."""

    target: _PromptSeq
    """The token sequence (or text) to find and replace."""

    replacement: Union[Callable[[int], _PromptRepl],
                       _PromptRepl] = field(repr=False)
    """
    Given the index of the processed item within :attr:`modality`,
    output the replacement token sequence (or text).

    For convenience, you can directly pass in the replacement token sequence
    (or text) instead of a function if it does not depend on the input.
    """

    def bind(self, tokenizer: AnyTokenizer) -> "BoundPromptReplacement":
        return BoundPromptReplacement(
            tokenizer=tokenizer,
            modality=self.modality,
            _target=self.target,
            _replacement=self.replacement,
        )


@lru_cache(maxsize=2048)
def _cached_encode(
    tokenizer: AnyTokenizer,
    text: str,
    *,
    add_special_tokens: bool = False,
) -> list[int]:
    return encode_tokens(tokenizer,
                         text,
                         add_special_tokens=add_special_tokens)


@lru_cache(maxsize=2048)
def _cached_decode(
    tokenizer: AnyTokenizer,
    token_ids: tuple[int, ...],
    *,
    skip_special_tokens: bool = False,
) -> str:
    return decode_tokens(tokenizer,
                         list(token_ids),
                         skip_special_tokens=skip_special_tokens)


class _HasModalityAttr(Protocol):
    modality: str


class _HasModalityProp(Protocol):

    @property
    def modality(self) -> str:
        ...


_M = TypeVar("_M", bound=Union[_HasModalityAttr, _HasModalityProp])


def full_groupby_modality(values: Iterable[_M]) -> ItemsView[str, list[_M]]:
    """Convenience function to apply :func:`full_groupby` based on modality."""
    return full_groupby(values, key=lambda x: x.modality)


@dataclass
class _BoundPromptSequence:
    tokenizer: AnyTokenizer = field(repr=False)

    _text: Optional[str]
    _token_ids: Optional[list[int]]

    @staticmethod
    def from_seq(
        tokenizer: AnyTokenizer,
        seq: _PromptSeq,
    ) -> "_BoundPromptSequence":
        return _BoundPromptSequence(
            tokenizer=tokenizer,
            _text=seq if isinstance(seq, str) else None,
            _token_ids=seq if isinstance(seq, list) else None,
        )

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        if self._text is None and self._token_ids is None:
            raise ValueError("At least one of 'text' and 'token_ids' must be "
                             "specified")

    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        if self._text is None:
            assert self._token_ids is not None
            self._text = _cached_decode(self.tokenizer, tuple(self._token_ids))

        return self._text

    @property
    def token_ids(self) -> list[int]:
        if self._token_ids is None:
            assert self._text is not None
            self._token_ids = _cached_encode(self.tokenizer, self._text)

        return self._token_ids


@dataclass
class _BoundPromptReplacementGroup:
    full: _BoundPromptSequence
    features: _BoundPromptSequence


@dataclass
class BoundPromptReplacement:
    """
    A :class:`PromptReplacement` bound to a tokenizer to automatically
    convert :attr:`target` and the result of :meth:`get_replacement` between
    token sequence and text representations.
    """
    tokenizer: AnyTokenizer = field(repr=False)
    modality: str

    _target: _PromptSeq
    _replacement: Union[Callable[[int], _PromptRepl],
                        _PromptRepl] = field(repr=False)

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        self._replacement_cache = dict[int, _BoundPromptReplacementGroup]()

    @property
    def target(self) -> _BoundPromptSequence:
        """The token sequence (or text) to find and replace."""
        return _BoundPromptSequence.from_seq(self.tokenizer, self._target)

    def get_replacement(self, item_idx: int) -> _BoundPromptReplacementGroup:
        """
        Given the index of the processed item within :attr:`modality`,
        output the replacement token sequence (or text).
        """
        replacement = self._replacement
        if callable(replacement):
            cache_key = item_idx
            if cache_key in self._replacement_cache:
                return self._replacement_cache[cache_key]

            replacement = replacement(item_idx)
        else:
            cache_key = None

        if not isinstance(replacement, PromptReplacementDetails):
            replacement = PromptReplacementDetails.from_seq(replacement)

        bound_full = _BoundPromptSequence.from_seq(self.tokenizer,
                                                   replacement.full)
        bound_features = _BoundPromptSequence.from_seq(self.tokenizer,
                                                       replacement.features)
        bound_replacement = _BoundPromptReplacementGroup(
            full=bound_full,
            features=bound_features,
        )

        if cache_key is not None:
            self._replacement_cache[cache_key] = bound_replacement

        return bound_replacement


class _TokenMatch(NamedTuple):
    start_idx: int
    end_idx: int


def iter_token_matches(
    token_ids: list[int],
    match_ids: list[int],
) -> Generator[_TokenMatch]:
    """
    Yield each occurrence of :code:`match_ids` in :code:`token_ids`.

    Note that empty matches are ignored.
    """
    prompt_len = len(token_ids)
    match_len = len(match_ids)

    if match_len == 0:
        return

    start_idx = 0
    while start_idx < prompt_len - match_len + 1:
        end_idx = start_idx + match_len

        if token_ids[start_idx:end_idx] == match_ids:
            yield _TokenMatch(start_idx=start_idx, end_idx=end_idx)

            # Exclude overlapping matches
            start_idx = end_idx
        else:
            start_idx += 1


@dataclass(repr=False)
class _PromptReplacementMatch(ABC):
    prompt_repl: BoundPromptReplacement

    @property
    def modality(self) -> str:
        return self.prompt_repl.modality

    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def start_idx(self) -> int:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def end_idx(self) -> int:
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (f"{type(self).__name__}(modality={self.modality!r}, "
                f"start_idx={self.start_idx!r}, end_idx={self.end_idx!r})")


@dataclass(repr=False)
class _PromptReplacementTokenMatch(_PromptReplacementMatch):
    match: _TokenMatch

    @property
    def start_idx(self) -> int:
        return self.match.start_idx

    @property
    def end_idx(self) -> int:
        return self.match.end_idx


@dataclass(repr=False)
class _PromptReplacementTextMatch(_PromptReplacementMatch):
    match: re.Match[str]

    @property
    def start_idx(self) -> int:
        return self.match.start()

    @property
    def end_idx(self) -> int:
        return self.match.end()


@dataclass
class PlaceholderFeaturesInfo:
    modality: str
    item_idx: int
    start_idx: int
    tokens: list[int]

    @property
    def length(self) -> int:
        return len(self.tokens)

    def to_range(self) -> PlaceholderRange:
        return PlaceholderRange(
            offset=self.start_idx,
            length=self.length,
        )


def find_token_matches(
    prompt: list[int],
    prompt_repls: Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement],
) -> list[_PromptReplacementTokenMatch]:
    """Return each target of :code:`prompt_repls` found in :code:`prompt`."""
    return [
        _PromptReplacementTokenMatch(prompt_repl, match)
        for prompt_repl in prompt_repls
        for match in iter_token_matches(prompt, prompt_repl.target.token_ids)
    ]


def find_text_matches(
    prompt: str,
    prompt_repls: Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement],
) -> list[_PromptReplacementTextMatch]:
    """Return each target of :code:`prompt_repls` found in :code:`prompt`."""
    return [
        _PromptReplacementTextMatch(prompt_repl, match)
        for prompt_repl in prompt_repls
        for match in re.finditer(re.escape(prompt_repl.target.text), prompt)
    ]


def _resolve_matches(
    prompt: _PromptSeq,
    mm_matches: Mapping[str, Sequence[_PromptReplacementMatch]],
) -> list[_PromptReplacementMatch]:
    """
    Resolve :code:`mm_matches` to ensure that there are no overlapping matches,
    and sort them such that earlier matches take priority over later ones.
    """
    matches = [m for matches in mm_matches.values() for m in matches]

    seen_matches: list[Optional[_PromptReplacementMatch]] = [None
                                                             ] * len(prompt)

    for match in matches:
        for idx in range(match.start_idx, match.end_idx):
            if seen_matches[idx] is not None:
                raise ValueError("Found overlapping matches "
                                 f"({seen_matches[idx]} and {match}) "
                                 f"at index={idx} of prompt={prompt}")

            seen_matches[idx] = match

    return sorted(matches, key=lambda x: x.start_idx)


def _replace_matches(
    prompt: _S,
    mm_matches: Mapping[str, Sequence[_PromptReplacementMatch]],
    mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
) -> list[_S]:
    """Apply the replacements in :code:`mm_matches` to :code:`prompt`."""
    out_seqs = list[_S]()
    prev_end_idx = 0
    next_idx_by_modality = defaultdict[str, int](lambda: 0)

    for match in _resolve_matches(prompt, mm_matches):
        modality = match.modality

        item_idx = next_idx_by_modality[modality]
        if item_idx >= mm_item_counts.get(modality, 0):
            continue

        start_idx = match.start_idx
        end_idx = match.end_idx

        repl_info = match.prompt_repl
        replacement = repl_info.get_replacement(item_idx)

        if isinstance(prompt, str):
            repl_seq = replacement.full.text
            out_seqs.append(prompt[prev_end_idx:start_idx] + repl_seq)
        else:
            repl_seq = replacement.full.token_ids
            out_seqs.append(prompt[prev_end_idx:start_idx] + repl_seq)

        prev_end_idx = end_idx
        next_idx_by_modality[modality] += 1

    out_seqs.append(prompt[prev_end_idx:])

    return out_seqs


def replace_token_matches(
    prompt: list[int],
    mm_matches: Mapping[str, Sequence[_PromptReplacementTokenMatch]],
    mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
) -> list[int]:
    """Apply the replacements in :code:`mm_matches` to :code:`prompt`."""
    if not mm_matches:
        return prompt

    token_id_seqs = _replace_matches(prompt, mm_matches, mm_item_counts)

    return flatten_2d_lists(token_id_seqs)


def replace_text_matches(
    prompt: str,
    mm_matches: Mapping[str, Sequence[_PromptReplacementTextMatch]],
    mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
) -> str:
    """Apply the replacements in :code:`mm_matches` to :code:`prompt`."""
    if not mm_matches:
        return prompt

    texts = _replace_matches(prompt, mm_matches, mm_item_counts)

    return "".join(texts)


def _iter_placeholders(
    mm_prompt_repls: Mapping[str, Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement]],
    prompt: list[int],
    mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
) -> Iterable[PlaceholderFeaturesInfo]:
    """
    Yield each set of placeholder tokens found in :code:`prompt`.

    Matches are exclusive even when multiple modalities share
    the same placeholder tokens. In that case, the modality that
    appears earlier in `mm_prompt_repls` takes priority.

    Note that empty matches are ignored.
    """
    prompt_len = len(prompt)
    item_idx_by_modality = defaultdict[str, int](lambda: 0)

    start_idx = 0
    while start_idx < prompt_len:
        found = False

        for modality, modality_repls in mm_prompt_repls.items():
            item_idx = item_idx_by_modality[modality]
            if item_idx >= mm_item_counts.get(modality, 0):
                continue

            for repl_info in modality_repls:
                replacement = repl_info.get_replacement(item_idx)
                repl_tokens_full = replacement.full.token_ids
                repl_len_full = len(repl_tokens_full)
                end_idx_full = start_idx + repl_len_full

                if repl_len_full == 0 or end_idx_full > prompt_len:
                    continue

                if prompt[start_idx:end_idx_full] == repl_tokens_full:
                    repl_tokens_feat = replacement.features.token_ids

                    try:
                        match = next(
                            iter_token_matches(repl_tokens_full,
                                               repl_tokens_feat))
                        yield PlaceholderFeaturesInfo(
                            modality=modality,
                            item_idx=item_idx,
                            start_idx=start_idx + match.start_idx,
                            tokens=repl_tokens_feat,
                        )
                    except StopIteration:
                        raise AssertionError(
                            f"{repl_tokens_feat=} should be a "
                            f"subsequence of {repl_tokens_full=}") from None

                    # Exclude overlapping matches
                    start_idx = end_idx_full
                    item_idx_by_modality[modality] += 1
                    found = True
                    break

            if found:
                break  # Go back to the outer while loop

        if not found:
            start_idx += 1


def find_mm_placeholders(
    mm_prompt_repls: Mapping[str, Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement]],
    prompt: list[int],
    mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
) -> Mapping[str, list[PlaceholderFeaturesInfo]]:
    it = _iter_placeholders(mm_prompt_repls, prompt, mm_item_counts)
    return dict(full_groupby_modality(it))


class ProcessingCache:

    def __init__(self, capacity: int) -> None:
        super().__init__()

        # DEBUG: Set to None to disable
        self.debug_cache_hit_ratio_steps: Optional[int] = None

        self._cache = LRUCache[str, MultiModalKwargsItem](capacity)

    def _maybe_log_cache_stats(self) -> None:
        steps = self.debug_cache_hit_ratio_steps
        if not steps:
            return

        cache_stats = self._cache.stat()
        if cache_stats.total % steps == 0:
            logger.debug("ProcessingCache: hit_ratio = %.2f",
                         cache_stats.hit_ratio)

    def get(
        self,
        model_id: str,
        modality: str,
        input_item: object,
        input_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> Optional[MultiModalKwargsItem]:
        """
        Get a processed multi-modal item from the cache
        according to its dependencies, including:

        - The model ID
        - The modality of the item
        - The original data item passed to the HF processor
        - The configuration options of the HF processor
        """
        self._maybe_log_cache_stats()

        cache_key = MultiModalHasher.hash_kwargs(model_id=model_id,
                                                 **{modality: input_item},
                                                 **input_kwargs)
        return self._cache.get(cache_key)

    def put(
        self,
        model_id: str,
        modality: str,
        input_item: object,
        input_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
        output_kwargs: MultiModalKwargsItem,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Put a processed multi-modal item into the cache
        according to its dependencies (see :meth:`get`).
        """
        cache_key = MultiModalHasher.hash_kwargs(model_id=model_id,
                                                 **{modality: input_item},
                                                 **input_kwargs)
        self._cache.put(cache_key, output_kwargs)


class BaseProcessingInfo:
    """Base class to provide the information necessary for data processing."""

    def __init__(self, ctx: InputProcessingContext) -> None:
        super().__init__()

        self.ctx = ctx

    @property
    def model_id(self) -> str:
        return self.ctx.model_config.model

    def get_tokenizer(self) -> AnyTokenizer:
        return self.ctx.tokenizer

    def get_hf_config(self) -> PretrainedConfig:
        return self.ctx.get_hf_config()

    def get_hf_processor(self, **kwargs: object) -> ProcessorMixin:
        """
        Subclasses can override this method to handle
        specific kwargs from model config or user inputs.
        """
        return self.ctx.get_hf_processor(**kwargs)

    @abstractmethod
    def get_supported_mm_limits(self) -> Mapping[str, Optional[int]]:
        """
        Return the maximum supported number of items for each modality.

        A value of `None` means unlimited number of items.

        Omitting a modality from the returned dictionary means that
        it is not supported at all.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def get_mm_max_tokens_per_item(self, seq_len: int) -> Mapping[str, int]:
        """
        Get the maximum possible number of tokens per data item
        for each modality.

        The dictionary returned by this method should have the same
        keys as that returned by :meth:`get_supported_mm_limits`.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError


_I = TypeVar("_I", bound=BaseProcessingInfo)


class BaseMultiModalProcessor(ABC, Generic[_I]):
    """
    Abstract base class to process multi-modal inputs to be used in vLLM.

    Not to be confused with :class:`transformers.ProcessorMixin`.
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 info: _I,
                 dummy_inputs: "BaseDummyInputsBuilder[_I]",
                 *,
                 cache: Optional[ProcessingCache] = None,
                 enable_sanity_checks: bool = True) -> None:
        super().__init__()

        self.info = info
        self.dummy_inputs = dummy_inputs
        self.cache = cache
        self.enable_sanity_checks = enable_sanity_checks

        self.data_parser = self._get_data_parser()

    def __call__(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        mm_data: MultiModalDataDict,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> MultiModalInputs:
        return self.apply(prompt, mm_data, hf_processor_mm_kwargs)

    def _get_data_parser(self) -> MultiModalDataParser:
        """
        Construct a parser to preprocess multi-modal data items
        before passing them to :meth:`_get_hf_mm_data`.

        You can support additional modalities by creating a subclass
        of :class:`MultiModalDataParser` that has additional subparsers.
        """
        return MultiModalDataParser()

    def _to_mm_items(
        self,
        mm_data: MultiModalDataDict,
    ) -> MultiModalDataItems:
        """
        Normalize :class:`MultiModalDataDict` to :class:`MultiModalDataItems`
        before passing them to :meth:`_get_hf_mm_data`.
        """
        mm_items = self.data_parser.parse_mm_data(mm_data)

        mm_limits = self.info.ctx.get_mm_config().limit_per_prompt
        for modality, items in mm_items.items():
            limit = mm_limits.get(modality, 1)
            if len(items) > limit:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"You set {modality}={limit} (or defaulted to 1) in "
                    f"`--limit-mm-per-prompt`, but passed {len(items)} "
                    f"{modality} items in the same prompt.")

        return mm_items

    @abstractmethod
    def _get_mm_fields_config(
        self,
        hf_inputs: BatchFeature,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> Mapping[str, MultiModalFieldConfig]:
        """Given the HF-processed data, output the metadata of each field."""
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def _get_prompt_replacements(
        self,
        mm_items: MultiModalDataItems,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
        out_mm_kwargs: MultiModalKwargs,
    ) -> list[PromptReplacement]:
        """
        Given the original multi-modal items for this modality
        and HF-processed data, output the replacements to perform.

        Notes:
            - You should not assume that HF processor always performs prompt
              replacement: in :meth:`_apply_hf_processor_missing`, this method
              is called on text-only and multimodal-only inputs separately,
              instead of passing them in the same call.
            - The replacement information returned by this method is also used
              to determine the placeholder token positions for each multi-modal
              item.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _find_mm_placeholders(
        self,
        mm_prompt_repls: Mapping[str, Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement]],
        new_token_ids: list[int],
        mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
    ) -> Mapping[str, list[PlaceholderFeaturesInfo]]:
        return find_mm_placeholders(mm_prompt_repls, new_token_ids,
                                    mm_item_counts)

    def _get_hf_mm_data(
        self,
        mm_items: MultiModalDataItems,
    ) -> tuple[Mapping[str, object], Mapping[str, object]]:
        processor_data = dict[str, object]()
        passthrough_data = dict[str, object]()

        for items in mm_items.values():
            processor_data.update(items.get_processor_data())
            passthrough_data.update(items.get_passthrough_data())

        return processor_data, passthrough_data

    def _call_hf_processor(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        # Not to be confused with `mm_data` in `self.apply`.
        # This refers to the data to be passed to HF processor.
        mm_data: Mapping[str, object],
        mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> BatchFeature:
        """
        Call the HF processor on the prompt text and
        associated multi-modal data.
        """
        return self.info.ctx.call_hf_processor(
            self.info.get_hf_processor(**mm_kwargs),
            dict(text=prompt, **mm_data),
            mm_kwargs,
        )

    def _apply_hf_processor_text_mm(
        self,
        prompt_text: str,
        mm_items: MultiModalDataItems,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> tuple[list[int], MultiModalKwargs]:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the prompt text and multi-modal data
        together.
        """
        processor_data, passthrough_data = self._get_hf_mm_data(mm_items)

        processed_data = self._call_hf_processor(
            prompt=prompt_text,
            mm_data=processor_data,
            mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
        )
        processed_data.update(passthrough_data)

        prompt_ids, = processed_data.pop("input_ids").tolist()

        mm_kwargs = MultiModalKwargs.from_hf_inputs(
            processed_data,
            self._get_mm_fields_config(processed_data, hf_processor_mm_kwargs),
        )

        return prompt_ids, mm_kwargs

    def _apply_hf_processor_text_only(self, prompt_text: str) -> list[int]:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the prompt text only.

        Since HF processor requires that text and multi-modal items
        correspond to each other, we create dummy multi-modal items
        to go along with the text.
        """
        prompt_ids, _ = self._apply_hf_processor_text_mm(
            prompt_text=prompt_text,
            mm_items=MultiModalDataItems({}),
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs={},
        )

        return prompt_ids

    def _apply_hf_processor_tokens_only(
        self,
        prompt_tokens: list[int],
    ) -> list[int]:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the prompt tokens only.

        Most HF processors accept prompt text but not prompt tokens.
        If the HF processor adds or removes tokens that are not related to
        multi-modal data, you should override this method so it is consistent
        with the output of :meth:`_apply_hf_processor_text_only` on the
        corresponding text.
        """
        return prompt_tokens

    def _apply_hf_processor_mm_only(
        self,
        mm_items: MultiModalDataItems,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> MultiModalKwargs:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the multi-modal data only.

        Since HF processor requires that text and multi-modal items
        correspond to each other, we generate dummy text using
        :class:`DummyInputsBuilder` to go along with the multi-modal data.
        """
        mm_counts = mm_items.get_all_counts()

        dummy_inputs = self.dummy_inputs.get_dummy_processor_inputs(
            self.info.ctx.model_config.max_model_len,
            mm_counts,
        )

        _, mm_kwargs = self._apply_hf_processor_text_mm(
            prompt_text=dummy_inputs.prompt_text,
            mm_items=mm_items,
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
        )

        return mm_kwargs

    def _apply_hf_processor_main(
        self,
        prompt: Union[str, list[int]],
        mm_items: MultiModalDataItems,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
        *,
        enable_hf_prompt_replacement: bool,
    ) -> tuple[list[int], MultiModalKwargs]:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the prompt text and multi-modal data.

        Note:
            If :code:`enable_hf_prompt_replacement=False`, the prompt should
            correspond to the multi-modal items.
        """
        if isinstance(prompt, str):
            if enable_hf_prompt_replacement:
                return self._apply_hf_processor_text_mm(
                    prompt_text=prompt,
                    mm_items=mm_items,
                    hf_processor_mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
                )

            prompt_ids = self._apply_hf_processor_text_only(prompt)
        else:
            prompt_ids = self._apply_hf_processor_tokens_only(prompt)

        mm_missing_kwargs = self._apply_hf_processor_mm_only(
            mm_items=mm_items,
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
        )

        return prompt_ids, mm_missing_kwargs

    def _cached_apply_hf_processor(
        self,
        prompt: Union[str, list[int]],
        mm_data_items: MultiModalDataItems,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> tuple[list[int], MultiModalKwargs]:
        """
        Apply the HF processor on the full prompt text,
        caching the results and reusing cached results.
        """
        cache = self.cache
        model_id = self.info.model_id

        _, passthrough_data = self._get_hf_mm_data(mm_data_items)
        if cache is None or passthrough_data:
            return self._apply_hf_processor_main(
                prompt=prompt,
                mm_items=mm_data_items,
                hf_processor_mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
                enable_hf_prompt_replacement=True,
            )

        mm_maybe_cached_kw_items = {
            modality: [
                cache.get(model_id, modality, item, hf_processor_mm_kwargs)
                for item in items
            ]
            for modality, items in mm_data_items.items()
        }

        mm_missing_idxs = {
            modality:
            [idx for idx, item in enumerate(kw_items) if item is None]
            for modality, kw_items in mm_maybe_cached_kw_items.items()
        }
        mm_missing_data = {
            modality: [mm_data_items[modality][idx] for idx in idxs]
            for modality, idxs in mm_missing_idxs.items()
        }
        mm_missing_data_items = self._to_mm_items(mm_missing_data)

        # NOTE: `prompt` does not correspond to `mm_missing_data_items`,
        # so we need to pass `enable_hf_prompt_replacement=False`
        prompt_ids, mm_missing_kwargs = self._apply_hf_processor_main(
            prompt=prompt,
            mm_items=mm_missing_data_items,
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs=hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
            enable_hf_prompt_replacement=False,
        )

        mm_missing_next_idx = {
            modality: 0
            for modality in mm_missing_data_items
        }

        merged_kw_items = list[MultiModalKwargsItem]()
        for modality, kw_items in mm_maybe_cached_kw_items.items():
            for idx, kw_item in enumerate(kw_items):
                if kw_item is None:
                    kw_item = mm_missing_kwargs.get_item(
                        modality,
                        mm_missing_next_idx[modality],
                    )

                    cache.put(
                        model_id,
                        modality,
                        mm_data_items[modality][idx],
                        hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
                        kw_item,
                    )

                    mm_missing_next_idx[modality] += 1

                merged_kw_items.append(kw_item)

        if self.enable_sanity_checks:
            mm_missing_counts = mm_missing_data_items.get_all_counts()
            assert all(
                item_count == mm_missing_counts[modality]
                for modality, item_count in mm_missing_next_idx.items()), dict(
                    mm_missing_next_idx=mm_missing_next_idx,
                    mm_missing_counts=mm_missing_counts)

        mm_kwargs = MultiModalKwargs.from_items(merged_kw_items)

        return prompt_ids, mm_kwargs

    def _bind_and_group_repls(
        self,
        prompt_repls: list[PromptReplacement],
    ) -> dict[str, list[BoundPromptReplacement]]:
        tokenizer = self.info.get_tokenizer()

        it = (prompt_repl.bind(tokenizer) for prompt_repl in prompt_repls)
        return dict(full_groupby_modality(it))

    def _always_apply_prompt_replacements(self) -> bool:
        """
        A flag which can be overridden so that
        :meth:`_apply_prompt_replacements` is always called even if we
        detect that HF has performed processing via
        :meth:`_find_placeholders_by_modality`.

        This is useful in cases where :meth:`_find_placeholders_by_modality`
        cannot be reliably used to detect whether HF has performed processing.
        """
        return False

    def _apply_prompt_replacements(
        self,
        token_ids: list[int],
        mm_prompt_repls: Mapping[str, Sequence[BoundPromptReplacement]],
        mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
    ) -> tuple[list[int], str, Mapping[str, list[PlaceholderFeaturesInfo]]]:
        tokenizer = self.info.get_tokenizer()

        mm_token_matches = {
            modality: find_token_matches(token_ids, prompt_repls)
            for modality, prompt_repls in mm_prompt_repls.items()
        }
        mm_match_counts = {
            modality: len(matches)
            for modality, matches in mm_token_matches.items()
        }

        # If the search text does not represent a special token,
        # it may have different token IDs in the prompt, because
        # the tokens may go across the boundaries of the search text.
        # ----
        # e.g. when searching for "foo" in "food", if "food" itself makes
        # up a token, then the token ID of "foo" will not appear at all
        # ----
        # Since it is inefficient to search for all possible tokenizations
        # of the search text in the prompt, we instead perform string
        # replacement on the decoded token IDs, then encode them back.
        if all(
            mm_match_counts.get(modality, 0) >= item_count
            for modality, item_count in mm_item_counts.items()
        ):  # yapf: disable
            token_ids = replace_token_matches(
                token_ids,
                mm_token_matches,
                mm_item_counts,
            )

            text = decode_tokens(tokenizer, token_ids)
            matched_repls = {
                modality: [match.prompt_repl for match in token_matches]
                for modality, token_matches in mm_token_matches.items()
            }
        else:
            text = decode_tokens(tokenizer, token_ids)

            mm_text_matches = {
                modality: find_text_matches(text, prompt_repls)
                for modality, prompt_repls in mm_prompt_repls.items()
            }
            text = replace_text_matches(
                text,
                mm_text_matches,
                mm_item_counts,
            )

            token_ids = encode_tokens(tokenizer,
                                      text,
                                      add_special_tokens=False)
            matched_repls = {
                modality: [match.prompt_repl for match in token_matches]
                for modality, token_matches in mm_text_matches.items()
            }

        placeholders = self._find_mm_placeholders(
            matched_repls,
            token_ids,
            mm_item_counts,
        )

        return token_ids, text, placeholders

    def _validate_mm_kwargs(
        self,
        mm_kwargs: MultiModalKwargs,
        mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
    ) -> None:
        for modality, item_count in mm_item_counts.items():
            if modality in mm_kwargs.modalities:
                items = mm_kwargs.get_items(modality)
            else:
                items = []

            if len(items) != item_count:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"Expected there to be {item_count} {modality} items in "
                    f"keyword arguments corresponding to {item_count} "
                    f"{modality} data items, but only found {len(items)}! "
                    "There is likely a problem with your "
                    "implementation of merged multi-modal processor for this "
                    "model (usually arising from an inconsistency between "
                    "`_call_hf_processor` and `_get_mm_fields_config`).")

    def _validate_mm_placeholders(
        self,
        mm_placeholders: Mapping[str, list[PlaceholderFeaturesInfo]],
        mm_item_counts: Mapping[str, int],
        *,
        allow_missing: bool = False,
    ) -> Mapping[str, int]:
        missing_repl_counts = dict[str, int]()

        for modality, item_count in mm_item_counts.items():
            placeholders = mm_placeholders.get(modality, [])

            if len(placeholders) != item_count and not allow_missing:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"Expected there to be {item_count} prompt replacements "
                    f"corresponding to {item_count} {modality} items, but only "
                    f"found {len(placeholders)} prompt replacements! Either "
                    "the prompt text has missing/incorrect tokens for "
                    "multi-modal inputs, or there is a problem with your "
                    "implementation of merged multi-modal processor for this "
                    "model (usually arising from an inconsistency between "
                    "`_call_hf_processor` and `_get_prompt_replacements`).")

            missing_repl_counts[modality] = item_count - len(placeholders)

        return missing_repl_counts

    def apply(
        self,
        prompt: Union[str, list[int]],
        mm_data: MultiModalDataDict,
        hf_processor_mm_kwargs: Mapping[str, object],
    ) -> MultiModalInputs:
        """
        Process multi-modal inputs to be used in vLLM.

        The main steps are:

        1. Apply HF Processor on prompt text and multi-modal data together,
           outputting token IDs and processed tensors.
        2. Find and replace sequences in the token IDs with placeholder tokens.
           The number of placeholder tokens equals the feature size of the
           multi-modal data outputted by the multi-modal encoder.
        3. Extract information about the placeholder tokens from the
           processed token IDs.
        """
        mm_items = self._to_mm_items(mm_data)

        # Create MM hashes (only used in V1)
        # TODO: Use these hash keys for caching operations in apply_hf_processor
        # instead of rehashing.

        if envs.VLLM_USE_V1:
            model_id = self.info.model_id
            mm_hashes = {
                modality: [
                    MultiModalHasher.hash_kwargs(model_id=model_id,
                                                 **{modality: item},
                                                 **hf_processor_mm_kwargs)
                    for item in items
                ]
                for modality, items in mm_items.items()
            }
        else:
            mm_hashes = None

        prompt_ids, mm_kwargs = self._cached_apply_hf_processor(
            prompt,
            mm_items,
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
        )

        unbound_prompt_repls = self._get_prompt_replacements(
            mm_items,
            hf_processor_mm_kwargs,
            mm_kwargs,
        )
        mm_prompt_repls = self._bind_and_group_repls(unbound_prompt_repls)

        mm_item_counts = mm_items.get_all_counts()
        self._validate_mm_kwargs(mm_kwargs, mm_item_counts)

        hf_mm_placeholders = self._find_mm_placeholders(
            mm_prompt_repls,
            prompt_ids,
            mm_item_counts,
        )

        if self._always_apply_prompt_replacements():
            mm_missing_repl_counts = mm_item_counts
            mm_missing_repls = dict(mm_prompt_repls)
        else:
            mm_missing_repl_counts = self._validate_mm_placeholders(
                hf_mm_placeholders,
                mm_item_counts,
                allow_missing=True,
            )

            mm_missing_repls = dict[str, list[BoundPromptReplacement]]()
            for modality, missing_repl_count in mm_missing_repl_counts.items():
                if missing_repl_count == 0:
                    mm_missing_repls[modality] = []
                elif missing_repl_count == mm_item_counts.get(modality, 0):
                    mm_missing_repls[modality] = mm_prompt_repls[modality]
                else:
                    raise ValueError("Partial prompt replacement within "
                                     f"{modality=} is not supported")

        # If HF processor already inserts placeholder tokens,
        # there is no need for us to insert them
        if all(len(repls) == 0 for repls in mm_missing_repls.values()):
            tokenizer = self.info.get_tokenizer()
            prompt = decode_tokens(tokenizer, prompt_ids)
            mm_placeholders = hf_mm_placeholders
        else:
            (
                prompt_ids,
                prompt,
                missing_mm_placeholders,
            ) = self._apply_prompt_replacements(
                prompt_ids,
                mm_missing_repls,
                mm_missing_repl_counts,
            )

            mm_placeholders = {**hf_mm_placeholders, **missing_mm_placeholders}

        self._validate_mm_placeholders(mm_placeholders, mm_item_counts)

        mm_placeholder_ranges = {
            modality: [item.to_range() for item in placeholders]
            for modality, placeholders in mm_placeholders.items()
        }

        return MultiModalInputs(
            type="multimodal",
            prompt=prompt,
            prompt_token_ids=prompt_ids,
            mm_kwargs=mm_kwargs,
            mm_hashes=mm_hashes,
            mm_placeholders=mm_placeholder_ranges,
        )