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Summary:
Add badges of supported properties and devices to functionals and transforms.

This commit adds `.. devices::` and `.. properties::` directives to sphinx.

APIs with these directives will have badges (based off of shields.io) which link to the
page with description of these features.

Continuation of https://github.com/pytorch/audio/issues/2316
Excluded dtypes for further improvement, and actually added badges to most of functional/transforms.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/audio/pull/2321

Reviewed By: hwangjeff

Differential Revision: D35489063

Pulled By: mthrok

fbshipit-source-id: f68a70ebb22df29d5e9bd171273bd19007a81762