cmd.go

package cmd

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"crypto/ed25519"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/json"
	"encoding/pem"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"math"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"slices"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/containerd/console"
	"github.com/mattn/go-runewidth"
	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
	"golang.org/x/term"

	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/parser"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/progress"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/server"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
)

var errModelfileNotFound = errors.New("specified Modelfile wasn't found")

func getModelfileName(cmd *cobra.Command) (string, error) {
	filename, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")

	if filename == "" {
		filename = "Modelfile"
	}

	absName, err := filepath.Abs(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	_, err = os.Stat(absName)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return absName, nil
}

func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.Stop()

	var reader io.Reader

	filename, err := getModelfileName(cmd)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		if filename == "" {
			reader = strings.NewReader("FROM .\n")
		} else {
			return errModelfileNotFound
		}
	} else if err != nil {
		return err
	} else {
		f, err := os.Open(filename)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		reader = f
		defer f.Close()
	}

	modelfile, err := parser.ParseFile(reader)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	status := "gathering model components"
	spinner := progress.NewSpinner(status)
	p.Add(status, spinner)

	req, err := modelfile.CreateRequest(filepath.Dir(filename))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	spinner.Stop()

	req.Name = args[0]
	quantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("quantize")
	if quantize != "" {
		req.Quantize = quantize
	}

	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if len(req.Files) > 0 {
		fileMap := map[string]string{}
		for f, digest := range req.Files {
			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fileMap[filepath.Base(f)] = digest
		}
		req.Files = fileMap
	}

	if len(req.Adapters) > 0 {
		fileMap := map[string]string{}
		for f, digest := range req.Adapters {
			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fileMap[filepath.Base(f)] = digest
		}
		req.Adapters = fileMap
	}

	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
		if resp.Digest != "" {
			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
			if !ok {
				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
			}

			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
		} else if status != resp.Status {
			spinner.Stop()

			status = resp.Status
			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
			p.Add(status, spinner)
		}

		return nil
	}

	if err := client.Create(cmd.Context(), req, fn); err != nil {
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path or Modelfile are required") {
			return fmt.Errorf("the ollama server must be updated to use `ollama create` with this client")
		}
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string, digest string, p *progress.Progress) (string, error) {
	realPath, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(path)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	bin, err := os.Open(realPath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	defer bin.Close()

	// Get file info to retrieve the size
	fileInfo, err := bin.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	fileSize := fileInfo.Size()

	var pw progressWriter
	status := fmt.Sprintf("copying file %s 0%%", digest)
	spinner := progress.NewSpinner(status)
	p.Add(status, spinner)
	defer spinner.Stop()

	done := make(chan struct{})
	defer close(done)

	go func() {
		ticker := time.NewTicker(60 * time.Millisecond)
		defer ticker.Stop()
		for {
			select {
			case <-ticker.C:
				spinner.SetMessage(fmt.Sprintf("copying file %s %d%%", digest, int(100*pw.n.Load()/fileSize)))
			case <-done:
				spinner.SetMessage(fmt.Sprintf("copying file %s 100%%", digest))
				return
			}
		}
	}()

	if err = client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, io.TeeReader(bin, &pw)); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return digest, nil
}

type progressWriter struct {
	n atomic.Int64
}

func (w *progressWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	w.n.Add(int64(len(p)))
	return len(p), nil
}

func loadOrUnloadModel(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *runOptions) error {
	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.StopAndClear()

	spinner := progress.NewSpinner("")
	p.Add("", spinner)

	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
		Model:     opts.Model,
		KeepAlive: opts.KeepAlive,
	}

	return client.Generate(cmd.Context(), req, func(api.GenerateResponse) error { return nil })
}

func StopHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	opts := &runOptions{
		Model:     args[0],
		KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 0},
	}
	if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, opts); err != nil {
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't find model \"%s\" to stop", args[0])
		}
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	interactive := true

	opts := runOptions{
		Model:    args[0],
		WordWrap: os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color",
		Options:  map[string]interface{}{},
	}

	format, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("format")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	opts.Format = format

	keepAlive, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("keepalive")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if keepAlive != "" {
		d, err := time.ParseDuration(keepAlive)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		opts.KeepAlive = &api.Duration{Duration: d}
	}

	prompts := args[1:]
	// prepend stdin to the prompt if provided
	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) {
		in, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		prompts = append([]string{string(in)}, prompts...)
		opts.WordWrap = false
		interactive = false
	}
	opts.Prompt = strings.Join(prompts, " ")
	if len(prompts) > 0 {
		interactive = false
	}
	// Be quiet if we're redirecting to a pipe or file
	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
		interactive = false
	}

	nowrap, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("nowordwrap")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	opts.WordWrap = !nowrap

	// Fill out the rest of the options based on information about the
	// model.
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	name := args[0]
	info, err := func() (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
		showReq := &api.ShowRequest{Name: name}
		info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), showReq)
		var se api.StatusError
		if errors.As(err, &se) && se.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
			if err := PullHandler(cmd, []string{name}); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Name: name})
		}
		return info, err
	}()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opts.MultiModal = slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision)

	// TODO: remove the projector info and vision info checks below,
	// these are left in for backwards compatibility with older servers
	// that don't have the capabilities field in the model info
	if len(info.ProjectorInfo) != 0 {
		opts.MultiModal = true
	}
	for k := range info.ModelInfo {
		if strings.Contains(k, ".vision.") {
			opts.MultiModal = true
			break
		}
	}

	opts.ParentModel = info.Details.ParentModel

	if interactive {
		if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		for _, msg := range info.Messages {
			switch msg.Role {
			case "user":
				fmt.Printf(">>> %s\n", msg.Content)
			case "assistant":
				state := &displayResponseState{}
				displayResponse(msg.Content, opts.WordWrap, state)
				fmt.Println()
				fmt.Println()
			}
		}

		return generateInteractive(cmd, opts)
	}
	return generate(cmd, opts)
}

func PushHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	insecure, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("insecure")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.Stop()

	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
	var status string
	var spinner *progress.Spinner

	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
		if resp.Digest != "" {
			if spinner != nil {
				spinner.Stop()
			}

			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
			if !ok {
				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
			}

			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
		} else if status != resp.Status {
			if spinner != nil {
				spinner.Stop()
			}

			status = resp.Status
			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
			p.Add(status, spinner)
		}

		return nil
	}

	request := api.PushRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}

	n := model.ParseName(args[0])
	if err := client.Push(cmd.Context(), &request, fn); err != nil {
		if spinner != nil {
			spinner.Stop()
		}
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "access denied") {
			return errors.New("you are not authorized to push to this namespace, create the model under a namespace you own")
		}
		return err
	}

	p.Stop()
	spinner.Stop()

	destination := n.String()
	if strings.HasSuffix(n.Host, ".ollama.ai") || strings.HasSuffix(n.Host, ".ollama.com") {
		destination = "https://ollama.com/" + strings.TrimSuffix(n.DisplayShortest(), ":latest")
	}
	fmt.Printf("\nYou can find your model at:\n\n")
	fmt.Printf("\t%s\n", destination)

	return nil
}

func ListHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	models, err := client.List(cmd.Context())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var data [][]string

	for _, m := range models.Models {
		if len(args) == 0 || strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(m.Name), strings.ToLower(args[0])) {
			data = append(data, []string{m.Name, m.Digest[:12], format.HumanBytes(m.Size), format.HumanTime(m.ModifiedAt, "Never")})
		}
	}

	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	table.SetHeader([]string{"NAME", "ID", "SIZE", "MODIFIED"})
	table.SetHeaderAlignment(tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT)
	table.SetAlignment(tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT)
	table.SetHeaderLine(false)
	table.SetBorder(false)
	table.SetNoWhiteSpace(true)
	table.SetTablePadding("    ")
	table.AppendBulk(data)
	table.Render()

	return nil
}

func ListRunningHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	models, err := client.ListRunning(cmd.Context())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var data [][]string

	for _, m := range models.Models {
		if len(args) == 0 || strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, args[0]) {
			var procStr string
			switch {
			case m.SizeVRAM == 0:
				procStr = "100% CPU"
			case m.SizeVRAM == m.Size:
				procStr = "100% GPU"
			case m.SizeVRAM > m.Size || m.Size == 0:
				procStr = "Unknown"
			default:
				sizeCPU := m.Size - m.SizeVRAM
				cpuPercent := math.Round(float64(sizeCPU) / float64(m.Size) * 100)
				procStr = fmt.Sprintf("%d%%/%d%% CPU/GPU", int(cpuPercent), int(100-cpuPercent))
			}

			var until string
			delta := time.Since(m.ExpiresAt)
			if delta > 0 {
				until = "Stopping..."
			} else {
				until = format.HumanTime(m.ExpiresAt, "Never")
			}
			data = append(data, []string{m.Name, m.Digest[:12], format.HumanBytes(m.Size), procStr, until})
		}
	}

	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	table.SetHeader([]string{"NAME", "ID", "SIZE", "PROCESSOR", "UNTIL"})
	table.SetHeaderAlignment(tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT)
	table.SetAlignment(tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT)
	table.SetHeaderLine(false)
	table.SetBorder(false)
	table.SetNoWhiteSpace(true)
	table.SetTablePadding("    ")
	table.AppendBulk(data)
	table.Render()

	return nil
}

func DeleteHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Unload the model if it's running before deletion
	opts := &runOptions{
		Model:     args[0],
		KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 0},
	}
	if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, opts); err != nil {
		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to stop existing running model \"%s\": %s", args[0], err)
		}
	}

	for _, name := range args {
		req := api.DeleteRequest{Name: name}
		if err := client.Delete(cmd.Context(), &req); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Printf("deleted '%s'\n", name)
	}
	return nil
}

func ShowHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	license, errLicense := cmd.Flags().GetBool("license")
	modelfile, errModelfile := cmd.Flags().GetBool("modelfile")
	parameters, errParams := cmd.Flags().GetBool("parameters")
	system, errSystem := cmd.Flags().GetBool("system")
	template, errTemplate := cmd.Flags().GetBool("template")
	verbose, errVerbose := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")

	for _, boolErr := range []error{errLicense, errModelfile, errParams, errSystem, errTemplate, errVerbose} {
		if boolErr != nil {
			return errors.New("error retrieving flags")
		}
	}

	flagsSet := 0
	showType := ""

	if license {
		flagsSet++
		showType = "license"
	}

	if modelfile {
		flagsSet++
		showType = "modelfile"
	}

	if parameters {
		flagsSet++
		showType = "parameters"
	}

	if system {
		flagsSet++
		showType = "system"
	}

	if template {
		flagsSet++
		showType = "template"
	}

	if flagsSet > 1 {
		return errors.New("only one of '--license', '--modelfile', '--parameters', '--system', or '--template' can be specified")
	}

	req := api.ShowRequest{Name: args[0], Verbose: verbose}
	resp, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if flagsSet == 1 {
		switch showType {
		case "license":
			fmt.Println(resp.License)
		case "modelfile":
			fmt.Println(resp.Modelfile)
		case "parameters":
			fmt.Println(resp.Parameters)
		case "system":
			fmt.Print(resp.System)
		case "template":
			fmt.Print(resp.Template)
		}

		return nil
	}

	return showInfo(resp, verbose, os.Stdout)
}

func showInfo(resp *api.ShowResponse, verbose bool, w io.Writer) error {
	tableRender := func(header string, rows func() [][]string) {
		fmt.Fprintln(w, " ", header)
		table := tablewriter.NewWriter(w)
		table.SetAlignment(tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT)
		table.SetBorder(false)
		table.SetNoWhiteSpace(true)
		table.SetTablePadding("    ")

		switch header {
		case "Template", "System", "License":
			table.SetColWidth(100)
		}

		table.AppendBulk(rows())
		table.Render()
		fmt.Fprintln(w)
	}

	tableRender("Model", func() (rows [][]string) {
		if resp.ModelInfo != nil {
			arch := resp.ModelInfo["general.architecture"].(string)
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "architecture", arch})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "parameters", format.HumanNumber(uint64(resp.ModelInfo["general.parameter_count"].(float64)))})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "context length", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ModelInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.context_length", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "embedding length", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ModelInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.embedding_length", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
		} else {
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "architecture", resp.Details.Family})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "parameters", resp.Details.ParameterSize})
		}
		rows = append(rows, []string{"", "quantization", resp.Details.QuantizationLevel})
		return
	})

	if len(resp.Capabilities) > 0 {
		tableRender("Capabilities", func() (rows [][]string) {
			for _, capability := range resp.Capabilities {
				rows = append(rows, []string{"", capability.String()})
			}
			return
		})
	}

	if resp.ProjectorInfo != nil {
		tableRender("Projector", func() (rows [][]string) {
			arch := resp.ProjectorInfo["general.architecture"].(string)
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "architecture", arch})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "parameters", format.HumanNumber(uint64(resp.ProjectorInfo["general.parameter_count"].(float64)))})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "embedding length", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ProjectorInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.vision.embedding_length", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "dimensions", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ProjectorInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.vision.projection_dim", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
			return
		})
	}

	if resp.Parameters != "" {
		tableRender("Parameters", func() (rows [][]string) {
			scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(resp.Parameters))
			for scanner.Scan() {
				if text := scanner.Text(); text != "" {
					rows = append(rows, append([]string{""}, strings.Fields(text)...))
				}
			}
			return
		})
	}

	if resp.ModelInfo != nil && verbose {
		tableRender("Metadata", func() (rows [][]string) {
			keys := make([]string, 0, len(resp.ModelInfo))
			for k := range resp.ModelInfo {
				keys = append(keys, k)
			}
			sort.Strings(keys)

			for _, k := range keys {
				var v string
				switch vData := resp.ModelInfo[k].(type) {
				case bool:
					v = fmt.Sprintf("%t", vData)
				case string:
					v = vData
				case float64:
					v = fmt.Sprintf("%g", vData)
				case []any:
					n := 3
					if len(vData) < n {
						n = len(vData)
					}
					v = fmt.Sprintf("%v", vData[:n])
				default:
					v = fmt.Sprintf("%T", vData)
				}
				rows = append(rows, []string{"", k, v})
			}
			return
		})
	}

	if len(resp.Tensors) > 0 && verbose {
		tableRender("Tensors", func() (rows [][]string) {
			for _, t := range resp.Tensors {
				rows = append(rows, []string{"", t.Name, t.Type, fmt.Sprint(t.Shape)})
			}
			return
		})
	}

	head := func(s string, n int) (rows [][]string) {
		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(s))
		for scanner.Scan() && (len(rows) < n || n < 0) {
			if text := scanner.Text(); text != "" {
				rows = append(rows, []string{"", strings.TrimSpace(text)})
			}
		}
		return
	}

	if resp.System != "" {
		tableRender("System", func() [][]string {
			return head(resp.System, 2)
		})
	}

	if resp.License != "" {
		tableRender("License", func() [][]string {
			return head(resp.License, 2)
		})
	}

	return nil
}

func CopyHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	req := api.CopyRequest{Source: args[0], Destination: args[1]}
	if err := client.Copy(cmd.Context(), &req); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Printf("copied '%s' to '%s'\n", args[0], args[1])
	return nil
}

func PullHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
	insecure, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("insecure")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.Stop()

	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)

	var status string
	var spinner *progress.Spinner

	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
		if resp.Digest != "" {
			if spinner != nil {
				spinner.Stop()
			}

			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
			if !ok {
				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
			}

			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
		} else if status != resp.Status {
			if spinner != nil {
				spinner.Stop()
			}

			status = resp.Status
			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
			p.Add(status, spinner)
		}

		return nil
	}

	request := api.PullRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}
	if err := client.Pull(cmd.Context(), &request, fn); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

type generateContextKey string

type runOptions struct {
	Model       string
	ParentModel string
	Prompt      string
	Messages    []api.Message
	WordWrap    bool
	Format      string
	System      string
	Images      []api.ImageData
	Options     map[string]interface{}
	MultiModal  bool
	KeepAlive   *api.Duration
}

type displayResponseState struct {
	lineLength int
	wordBuffer string
}

func displayResponse(content string, wordWrap bool, state *displayResponseState) {
	termWidth, _, _ := term.GetSize(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
	if wordWrap && termWidth >= 10 {
		for _, ch := range content {
			if state.lineLength+1 > termWidth-5 {
				if runewidth.StringWidth(state.wordBuffer) > termWidth-10 {
					fmt.Printf("%s%c", state.wordBuffer, ch)
					state.wordBuffer = ""
					state.lineLength = 0
					continue
				}

				// backtrack the length of the last word and clear to the end of the line
				a := runewidth.StringWidth(state.wordBuffer)
				if a > 0 {
					fmt.Printf("\x1b[%dD", a)
				}
				fmt.Printf("\x1b[K\n")
				fmt.Printf("%s%c", state.wordBuffer, ch)
				chWidth := runewidth.RuneWidth(ch)

				state.lineLength = runewidth.StringWidth(state.wordBuffer) + chWidth
			} else {
				fmt.Print(string(ch))
				state.lineLength += runewidth.RuneWidth(ch)
				if runewidth.RuneWidth(ch) >= 2 {
					state.wordBuffer = ""
					continue
				}

				switch ch {
				case ' ':
					state.wordBuffer = ""
				case '\n':
					state.lineLength = 0
				default:
					state.wordBuffer += string(ch)
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		fmt.Printf("%s%s", state.wordBuffer, content)
		if len(state.wordBuffer) > 0 {
			state.wordBuffer = ""
		}
	}
}

func chat(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) (*api.Message, error) {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.StopAndClear()

	spinner := progress.NewSpinner("")
	p.Add("", spinner)

	cancelCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
	defer cancel()

	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT)

	go func() {
		<-sigChan
		cancel()
	}()

	var state *displayResponseState = &displayResponseState{}
	var latest api.ChatResponse
	var fullResponse strings.Builder
	var role string

	fn := func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
		p.StopAndClear()

		latest = response

		role = response.Message.Role
		content := response.Message.Content
		fullResponse.WriteString(content)

		displayResponse(content, opts.WordWrap, state)

		return nil
	}

	if opts.Format == "json" {
		opts.Format = `"` + opts.Format + `"`
	}

	req := &api.ChatRequest{
		Model:    opts.Model,
		Messages: opts.Messages,
		Format:   json.RawMessage(opts.Format),
		Options:  opts.Options,
	}

	if opts.KeepAlive != nil {
		req.KeepAlive = opts.KeepAlive
	}

	if err := client.Chat(cancelCtx, req, fn); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
			return nil, nil
		}
		return nil, err
	}

	if len(opts.Messages) > 0 {
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Println()
	}

	verbose, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if verbose {
		latest.Summary()
	}

	return &api.Message{Role: role, Content: fullResponse.String()}, nil
}

func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
	defer p.StopAndClear()

	spinner := progress.NewSpinner("")
	p.Add("", spinner)

	var latest api.GenerateResponse

	generateContext, ok := cmd.Context().Value(generateContextKey("context")).([]int)
	if !ok {
		generateContext = []int{}
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
	defer cancel()

	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT)

	go func() {
		<-sigChan
		cancel()
	}()

	var state *displayResponseState = &displayResponseState{}

	fn := func(response api.GenerateResponse) error {
		p.StopAndClear()

		latest = response
		content := response.Response

		displayResponse(content, opts.WordWrap, state)

		return nil
	}

	if opts.MultiModal {
		opts.Prompt, opts.Images, err = extractFileData(opts.Prompt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if opts.Format == "json" {
		opts.Format = `"` + opts.Format + `"`
	}

	request := api.GenerateRequest{
		Model:     opts.Model,
		Prompt:    opts.Prompt,
		Context:   generateContext,
		Images:    opts.Images,
		Format:    json.RawMessage(opts.Format),
		System:    opts.System,
		Options:   opts.Options,
		KeepAlive: opts.KeepAlive,
	}

	if err := client.Generate(ctx, &request, fn); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
			return nil
		}
		return err
	}

	if opts.Prompt != "" {
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Println()
	}

	if !latest.Done {
		return nil
	}

	verbose, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if verbose {
		latest.Summary()
	}

	ctx = context.WithValue(cmd.Context(), generateContextKey("context"), latest.Context)
	cmd.SetContext(ctx)

	return nil
}

func RunServer(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
	if err := initializeKeypair(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", envconfig.Host().Host)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = server.Serve(ln)
	if errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
		return nil
	}

	return err
}

func initializeKeypair() error {
	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	privKeyPath := filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "id_ed25519")
	pubKeyPath := filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "id_ed25519.pub")

	_, err = os.Stat(privKeyPath)
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		fmt.Printf("Couldn't find '%s'. Generating new private key.\n", privKeyPath)
		cryptoPublicKey, cryptoPrivateKey, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		privateKeyBytes, err := ssh.MarshalPrivateKey(cryptoPrivateKey, "")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(privKeyPath), 0o755); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not create directory %w", err)
		}

		if err := os.WriteFile(privKeyPath, pem.EncodeToMemory(privateKeyBytes), 0o600); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		sshPublicKey, err := ssh.NewPublicKey(cryptoPublicKey)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		publicKeyBytes := ssh.MarshalAuthorizedKey(sshPublicKey)

		if err := os.WriteFile(pubKeyPath, publicKeyBytes, 0o644); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		fmt.Printf("Your new public key is: \n\n%s\n", publicKeyBytes)
	}
	return nil
}

func checkServerHeartbeat(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := client.Heartbeat(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), " refused") {
			return err
		}
		if err := startApp(cmd.Context(), client); err != nil {
			return errors.New("could not connect to ollama app, is it running?")
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func versionHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	serverVersion, err := client.Version(cmd.Context())
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Warning: could not connect to a running Ollama instance")
	}

	if serverVersion != "" {
		fmt.Printf("ollama version is %s\n", serverVersion)
	}

	if serverVersion != version.Version {
		fmt.Printf("Warning: client version is %s\n", version.Version)
	}
}

func appendEnvDocs(cmd *cobra.Command, envs []envconfig.EnvVar) {
	if len(envs) == 0 {
		return
	}

	envUsage := `
Environment Variables:
`
	for _, e := range envs {
		envUsage += fmt.Sprintf("      %-24s   %s\n", e.Name, e.Description)
	}

	cmd.SetUsageTemplate(cmd.UsageTemplate() + envUsage)
}

func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
	log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lshortfile)
	cobra.EnableCommandSorting = false

	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
		console.ConsoleFromFile(os.Stdin) //nolint:errcheck
	}

	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:           "ollama",
		Short:         "Large language model runner",
		SilenceUsage:  true,
		SilenceErrors: true,
		CompletionOptions: cobra.CompletionOptions{
			DisableDefaultCmd: true,
		},
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			if version, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("version"); version {
				versionHandler(cmd, args)
				return
			}

			cmd.Print(cmd.UsageString())
		},
	}

	rootCmd.Flags().BoolP("version", "v", false, "Show version information")

	createCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "create MODEL",
		Short:   "Create a model from a Modelfile",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    CreateHandler,
	}

	createCmd.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Name of the Modelfile (default \"Modelfile\"")
	createCmd.Flags().StringP("quantize", "q", "", "Quantize model to this level (e.g. q4_0)")

	showCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "show MODEL",
		Short:   "Show information for a model",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    ShowHandler,
	}

	showCmd.Flags().Bool("license", false, "Show license of a model")
	showCmd.Flags().Bool("modelfile", false, "Show Modelfile of a model")
	showCmd.Flags().Bool("parameters", false, "Show parameters of a model")
	showCmd.Flags().Bool("template", false, "Show template of a model")
	showCmd.Flags().Bool("system", false, "Show system message of a model")
	showCmd.Flags().BoolP("verbose", "v", false, "Show detailed model information")

	runCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "run MODEL [PROMPT]",
		Short:   "Run a model",
		Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    RunHandler,
	}

	runCmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "Duration to keep a model loaded (e.g. 5m)")
	runCmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "Show timings for response")
	runCmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "Use an insecure registry")
	runCmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "Don't wrap words to the next line automatically")
	runCmd.Flags().String("format", "", "Response format (e.g. json)")

	stopCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "stop MODEL",
		Short:   "Stop a running model",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    StopHandler,
	}

	serveCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "serve",
		Aliases: []string{"start"},
		Short:   "Start ollama",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(0),
		RunE:    RunServer,
	}

	pullCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "pull MODEL",
		Short:   "Pull a model from a registry",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    PullHandler,
	}

	pullCmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "Use an insecure registry")

	pushCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "push MODEL",
		Short:   "Push a model to a registry",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    PushHandler,
	}

	pushCmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "Use an insecure registry")

	listCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "list",
		Aliases: []string{"ls"},
		Short:   "List models",
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    ListHandler,
	}

	psCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "ps",
		Short:   "List running models",
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    ListRunningHandler,
	}

	copyCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "cp SOURCE DESTINATION",
		Short:   "Copy a model",
		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(2),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    CopyHandler,
	}

	deleteCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:     "rm MODEL [MODEL...]",
		Short:   "Remove a model",
		Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
		RunE:    DeleteHandler,
	}

	runnerCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:    "runner",
		Hidden: true,
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return runner.Execute(os.Args[1:])
		},
		FParseErrWhitelist: cobra.FParseErrWhitelist{UnknownFlags: true},
	}
	runnerCmd.SetHelpFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
		_ = runner.Execute(args[1:])
	})

	envVars := envconfig.AsMap()

	envs := []envconfig.EnvVar{envVars["OLLAMA_HOST"]}

	for _, cmd := range []*cobra.Command{
		createCmd,
		showCmd,
		runCmd,
		stopCmd,
		pullCmd,
		pushCmd,
		listCmd,
		psCmd,
		copyCmd,
		deleteCmd,
		serveCmd,
	} {
		switch cmd {
		case runCmd:
			appendEnvDocs(cmd, []envconfig.EnvVar{envVars["OLLAMA_HOST"], envVars["OLLAMA_NOHISTORY"]})
		case serveCmd:
			appendEnvDocs(cmd, []envconfig.EnvVar{
				envVars["OLLAMA_DEBUG"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_HOST"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_MODELS"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_NOPRUNE"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_ORIGINS"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_SCHED_SPREAD"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_TMPDIR"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_KV_CACHE_TYPE"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD"],
				envVars["OLLAMA_LOAD_TIMEOUT"],
			})
		default:
			appendEnvDocs(cmd, envs)
		}
	}

	rootCmd.AddCommand(
		serveCmd,
		createCmd,
		showCmd,
		runCmd,
		stopCmd,
		pullCmd,
		pushCmd,
		listCmd,
		psCmd,
		copyCmd,
		deleteCmd,
		runnerCmd,
	)

	return rootCmd
}