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Signed-off-by: Graham King <grahamk@nvidia.com>

Signed-off-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>

fix: use tokio spawn / interval.tick(), make nats metric names clearer, fix tests sharing environment variables (temp_env) (#2506)
Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>

feat: add a hierarchical Prometheus MetricsRegistry trait for DistributedRuntime, Namespace, Components, and Endpoint (#2008)
Co-authored-by: Keiven Chang <keivenchang@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan Olson <rolson@nvidia.com>

Signed-off-by: Michael Feil <63565275+michaelfeil@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Feil <63565275+michaelfeil@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: jthomson04 <jwillthomson19@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan Olson <ryanolson@users.noreply.github.com>

- Stop advertising a model when it's last instance stops. Previously was when any instance stops.
- Faster locks on model manager.
- Move discovery code out of http, as it is used by all inputs.

We can now do this:

- Node 1:

```
dynamo-run in=http out=dyn
```

- Node 2 and 3, two instances of component 'backend' in the nemotron_ultra pipeline:

```
dynamo-run in=dyn://nemotron_ultra.backend.generate out=vllm /data/models/NemotronUltra
```

- Node 4 and 5, two instances of the 'backend' component in nemotron_super pipeline:

```
dynamo-run in=dyn://nemotron_super.backend.generate out=vllm /data/models/NemotronSuper
```

The ingress node will discover all four instances and route correctly. We have been planning for this for a long time now.

As part of this auto-discovery is now always `out=dyn`, with no extra URL parts. Previously it could only route to a single pipeline.

Also:
- Refactor endpoint / instance naming now that I understand them
- Fix removing models when their instance stops.

Each namespace is for a single pipeline, so a component must be model-unique. The means we can have several components with the same name running the same model (data parallel), their traffic will be routed according to `--router-mode`, but we cannot have several components with the same name running different models.

Add an `ensure_unique` check to prevent that happening.

Adding this to a Python script makes it register on the network so that `dynamo-run` can discover it and send it requests:
```
from dynamo.llm import register_llm

MODEL = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"
await register_llm(endpoint, MODEL, 3)
```

Full vllm example, with pre-processing in dynamo:
- `dynamo-run in=text out=dyn://dynamo.backend.generate`
- `cd lib/bindings/python/examples/hello_world`
- `python server_vllm.py`

This builds on top of the work to move pre-processor to ingress side. It means we can decouple Rust and Python using NATS as the bus.

The `register_llm` call does this:

- Download the model from HF if necessary
- Load the model deployment card from the HF folder or extract from GGUF
- Push the tokenizer config etc into NATS object store so ingress can access it from a different machine
- Publish the model deployment card to ETCD

Part of https://github.com/ai-dynamo/dynamo/issues/743

In a distributed system we don't know if the remote workers need pre-processing done ingress-side or not. Previously Client required us to decide this before discovering the remote endpoints, which was fine because pre-processing was worker-side.

As part of moving pre-processing back to ingress-side we need to split this into two steps:
- Client discovers the endpoints, and (later PR) will fetch their Model Deployment Card.
- PushRouter will use the Model Deployment Card to decide if they need pre-processing or not, which affects the types of the generic parameters.

Part of #743

As a first step towards KV routing:
- introduce a `--router-mode` in dynamo-run that only does random and round-robin right now. Not that interesting yet.
- Make the vllm engine publish the KV events received from our patched vllm.

Now we "just" need to connect the two. Easy right?

Adds `@dynamo_worker(static = True)` to create a static worker which has a predictable name and hence does not require discovery or `etcd` to be running. There can only be a single static worker per namespace / component / endpoint trio.

This contrasts with the default dynamic `dynamo_worker` endpoints we have now, which get a unique random name (based on namespace/component/endpoint), and are discovered by ingress components using etcd.

Also change the hello_world example to use `dynamo_worker(static = True)` so that it is exercised and demonstrated somewhere.

For NIM.

Replaces hard-coded "kv-hit-rate" string in multiple places with KV_HIT_RATE_SUBJECT constant in lib/llm.

Signed-off-by: Neelay Shah <neelays@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan McCormick <rmccormick@nvidia.com>

Add support in tio for distributed components and discovery.

Node 1:
```
tio in=http out=tdr://ns/backend/mistralrs
```

Node 2:
```
tio in=tdr://ns/backend/mistralrs out=mistralrs ~/llm_models/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct
```

This will use etcd to auto-discover the model and NATS to talk to it. You can run multiple workers on the same endpoint and it will pick one at random each time.

The `ns/backend/mistralrs` are purely symbolic, pick anything as long as it has three parts, and it matches the other node.

Signed-off-by: Ryan Olson <ryanolson@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan McCormick <rmccormick@nvidia.com>

Signed-off-by: Neelay Shah <neelays@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: aflowers <aflowers@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Ryan McCormick <rmccormick@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: hongkuanz <hongkuanz@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Neelay Shah <neelays@nvidia.com>

the journey begins