GitLab

Co-authored-by: Hongzhi (Steve), Chen <chenhongzhi.nkcs@gmail.com>

* enable sparse on windows and mac

* that was stupid

* let's see what's going on..

* [Sparse] Fix the import error on Mac OS.

When using template functions that are defined in source files from DGL,
the loader of MacOS somehow cannot find their definitions. This fix simply
avoids depending on template functions from DGL headers.

With this fix, the sparse tests all pass on the MAC environment.

* ok this is the problem

* make errors clearer

* uh

* test

* Update __init__.py

* disabling ddp on windows

---------
Co-authored-by: czkkkkkk <zekucai@gmail.com>

* adding LABOR sampling

* add ladies and pladies samplers

* fix compile error after rebase

* add reference for ladies sampler

* Improve ladies implementation.

* weighted labor sampling initial implementation draft
fix indentation and small bug in ladies script

* importance_sampling currently doesn't work with weights

* fix weighted importance sampling

* move labor example into its own folder

* lint fixes

* Improve documentation

* remove examples from the main PR

* fix linting by not using c++17 features

* fix documentation of labor_sampler.py

* update documentation for labor.py

* reformat the labor.py file with black

* fix linting errors

* replace exception use with if

* fix typo in error comment

* fixing win64 build for ci

* fixing weighted implementation, works now.

* fix bug in the weighted case and importance_sampling==0

* address part of the reviews

* remove unused code paths from cuda

* remove unused code path from cpu side

* remove extra features of labor making use of random seed.

* fix exclude_edges bug

* remove pcg and seed logic from cpu implementation, seed logic should still work for cuda.

* minor style change

* refactor CPU implementation, take out the importance_sampling probability computation into a function.

* improve CUDAWorkspaceAllocator

* refactor importance_sampling part out to a function

* minor optimization

* fix linting issue

* Revert "remove pcg and seed logic from cpu implementation, seed logic should still work for cuda."

This reverts commit c250e07ac6d7e13f57e79e8a2c2f098d777378c2.

* Revert "remove extra features of labor making use of random seed."

This reverts commit 7f99034353080308f4783f27d9a08bea343fb796.

* fix the documentation

* disable NIDs

* improve the documentation in the code

* use the stream argument in pcg32 instead of skipping ahead t times, can discard the use of hashmap now since it is faster this way.

* fix linting issue

* address another round of reviews

* further optimize CPU LABOR sampling implementation

* fix linting error

* update the comment

* reformat

* rename and rephrase comment

* fix formatting according to new linting specs

* fix compile error due to renaming, fix linting.

* lint

* rename DGLHeteroGraph to DGLGraph to match master

* replace other occurrences of DGLHeteroGraph to DGLGraph
Co-authored-by: Muhammed Fatih BALIN <m.f.balin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kaan Sancak <kaansnck@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Quan Gan <coin2028@hotmail.com>

* [Misc] clang-format auto fix.

* blabla

* ablabla

* blabla
Co-authored-by: Steve <ubuntu@ip-172-31-34-29.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal>

* replace

* blabla

* balbla

* blabla
Co-authored-by: Steve <ubuntu@ip-172-31-34-29.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal>

* param

* brief

* note

* return

* tparam

* brief2

* file

* return2

* return

* blabla

* all
Co-authored-by: Steve <ubuntu@ip-172-31-34-29.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal>

* sample neighbors with masks

* oops

* refactor again

* remove

* remove debug code

* rename macro

* address comments

* more stuff

* remove

* fix

* try fix unit test

* oops

* fix test

* oops

* change name

* rename a lot of stuff

* oops

* ugh

* misc fixes

* lint

* address a lot of comments

* lint

* lint

* fix

* that was silly

* fix

* fix

* fix

* oops

* sample neighbors with masks

* oops

* refactor again

* remove

* remove debug code

* rename macro

* address comments

* address comment

* address comments

* rename a lot of stuff

* oops

* rename `DLContext` to `DGLContext`

* rename `kDLGPU` to `kDLCUDA`

* replace DLTensor with DGLArray

* fix linting

* Unify DGLType and DLDataType to DGLDataType

* Fix FFI

* rename DLDeviceType to DGLDeviceType

* decouple dlpack from the core library

* fix bug

* fix lint

* fix merge

* fix build

* address comments

* rename dl_converter to dlpack_convert

* remove redundant comments

* Use an internal cuda stream for CopyDataFromTo

* small fix white space

* Fix to compile

* Make stream optional in copydata for compile

* fix lint issue

* Update cub functions to use internal stream

* Lint check

* Update CopyTo/CopyFrom/CopyFromTo to use internal stream

* Address comments

* Fix backward CUDA stream

* Avoid overloading CopyFromTo()

* Minor comment update

* Overload copydatafromto in cuda device api
Co-authored-by: xiny <xiny@nvidia.com>

* enable use for weighted neighbor sampler and biased random walk

* add unit tests

* fix for mxnet/tf

* fix typo

* add weighted sampling without replacement (A-Chao)

* improve Algorithm A-Chao with block-wise prefix sum

* correctly fill out_idxs

* implement weighted sampling with replacement

* small fix

* merge host-side code of weighted/uniform sampling

* enable unit tests for cuda weighted sampling

* move thrust/cub wrapper to the cmake file

* update docs accordingly

* fix linting

* fix linting

* fix unit test

* Bump external CUB/Thrust versions

* Fix code style and update description of algorithm design

* [Feature] GPU support weighted graph neighbor sampling
commit by pengqirong(OPPO)

* merge pengqirong's implementation

* revert the change to cub and thrust

* fix linting

* use DeviceSegmentedSort for better performance

* add more comments

* add necessary notes

* add necessary notes

* resolve some comments

* define THRUST_CUB_WRAPPED_NAMESPACE

* fix doc
Co-authored-by: 彭齐荣 <657017034@qq.com>

* [Feature] extend sort_csr/csc_by_tag to edge

* fix test ffailure in tensorflow

* refine sorting by edges

* fix docstring

* remove unnecessary mem
Co-authored-by: Xin Yao <xiny@nvidia.com>

* Based on issue #3436. Improving _SegmentCopyKernel s GPU utilization by switching to nonzero based thread assignment

* fixing lint issues

* Update cub for cuda 11.5 compatibility (#3468)

* fixing type mismatch

* tx guaranteed to be smaller than nnz. Hence removing last check

* minor: updating comment

* adding three unit tests for csr slice method to cover some corner cases

* timing repeatkernel

* clean

* clean

* clean

* updating _SegmentMaskColKernel

* Working on requests: removing sorted array check and adding comments to utility functions

* fixing lint issue

* Optimizing disjoint union kernel

* Trying to resolve compilation issue on CI

* [EMPTY] Relevant commit message here

* applying revision requests on cpu/disjoint_union.cc

* removing unnecessary casts

* remove extra space
Co-authored-by: Abdurrahman Yasar <ayasar@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: nv-dlasalle <63612878+nv-dlasalle@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jinjing Zhou <VoVAllen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Quan (Andy) Gan <coin2028@hotmail.com>

* implement pin_memory/unpin_memory/is_pinned for dgl.graph

* update python docstring

* update c++ docstring

* add test

* fix the broken UnifiedTensor

* XPU_SWITCH for kDLCPUPinned

* a rough version ready for testing

* eliminate extra context parameter for pin/unpin

* update train_sampling

* fix linting

* fix typo

* multi-gpu uva sampling case

* disable new format materialization for pinned graphs

* update python doc for pin_memory_

* fix unit test

* UVA sampling for link prediction

* dispatch most csr ops

* update graphsage example to combine uva sampling and UnifiedTensor

* update graphsage example to combine uva sampling and UnifiedTensor

* update graphsage example to combine uva sampling and UnifiedTensor

* update doc

* update examples

* change unitgraph and heterograph's PinMemory to in-place

* update examples for multi-gpu uva sampling

* update doc

* fix linting

* fix cpu build

* fix is_pinned for DistGraph

* fix is_pinned for DistGraph

* update graphsage unsupervised example

* update doc for gpu sampling

* update some check for sampling device switching

* fix linting

* adapt for new dataloader

* fix linting

* fix

* fix some name issue

* adjust device check

* add unit test for uva sampling & fix some zero_copy bug

* fix linting

* update num_threads in graphsage examples
Co-authored-by: Quan (Andy) Gan <coin2028@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jinjing Zhou <VoVAllen@users.noreply.github.com>

* first commit

* a bunch of fixes

* add unique

* lint

* lint

* lint

* address comments

* Update negative_sampler.py

* fix

* description

* address comments and fix

* fix

* replace unique with replace

* test pylint

* Update negative_sampler.py

* first commit

* second commit

* spaghetti unit tests

* rewrite test

* relabel gpu

* unittest for ralebl_ on the GPU

* finish Relabel_ for the GPU

* copyright

* re-enable the unittest for edge_subgrah on the GPU

* fix unittest for tensorflow

* use a fixed number of threads
Co-authored-by: Jinjing Zhou <VoVAllen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: nv-dlasalle <63612878+nv-dlasalle@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Quan (Andy) Gan <coin2028@hotmail.com>

[Feature] Add a HINT for the per edge type sampler of heterogeneous DistGraph that highlighting the etypes are sorted already. (#3260)

* pass cpp test

* distgraph use sorted edge flag.

* lint

* triger

* update test
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-2-66.ec2.internal>

* fix.

* fix.

* fix.

* fix.

* Fix test

* Deprecate old DistEmbedding impl, use synchronized embedding impl

* Basic imple of heterogeneous on homogenenous sampling

* make pass

* Pass C++ test

* Add python test code

* lint

* lint

* Add MultiLayerEtypeNeighborSampler

* Add unitest for single machine dataloader

* Add dist dataloader test for edge type sampler

* Fix lint

* fix

* support for per etype sample

* Fix some bug and enable distributed training with per edge sample

* fix

* Now distributed training works

* turn off some mxnet

* turn off mxnet for some dist test

* fix

* upd

* upd according to the comments

* Fix

* Fix test and now distributed works.

* upd

* upd

* Fix

* Fix bug

* remove dead code.

* upd

* Fix

* upd

* Fix
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-71-112.ec2.internal>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-2-66.ec2.internal>
Co-authored-by: Da Zheng <zhengda1936@gmail.com>

* update

* update

* update

* update

* lint

* lint

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* lint

* update

* clone

* update

* update

* update

* update

* replace idarray with ndarray

* refactor cpp part

* refactor python part

* debug

* refactor interface

* test and doc

* lint and test

* lint

* fix

* fix

* fix

* const

* doc

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix & doc

* fix

* fix

* update

* update

* update

* merge

* doc

* doc

* lint

* fix

* more tests

* doc

* fix

* fix

* update

* update

* update

* fix

* fix
Co-authored-by: Minjie Wang <wmjlyjemaine@gmail.com>

* update

* update

* update

* update

* lint

* lint

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* update

* lint

* update

* clone

* update

* update

* update

* update

* replace idarray with ndarray

* refactor cpp part

* refactor python part

* debug

* refactor interface

* test and doc

* lint and test

* lint

* fix

* fix

* fix

* const

* doc

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix & doc

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix

* fix

* update
Co-authored-by: Minjie Wang <wmjlyjemaine@gmail.com>

[Feature][Performance] Implement NCCL wrapper for communicating NodeEmbeddings and sparse gradients. (#2825)

* Split NCCL wrapper from sparse optimizer and sparse embedding

* Add more unit tests for single node nccl

* Fix unit test for tf

* Switch to device histogram

* Fix histgram issues

* Finish migration to histogram

* Handle cases with zero send/recieve data

* Start on partition object

* Get compiling

* Updates

* Add unit tests

* Switch to partition object

* Fix linting issues

* Rename partition file

* Add python doc

* Fix python assert and finish doxygen comments

* Remove stubs for range based partition to satisfy pylint

* Wrap unit test in GPU only

* Wrap explicit cuda call in ifdef

* Merge with partition.py

* update docstrings

* Cleanup partition_op

* Add Workspace object

* Switch to using workspace object

* Move last remainder based function out of nccl_api

* Add error messages

* Update docs with examples

* Fix linting erros
Co-authored-by: xiang song(charlie.song) <classicxsong@gmail.com>

* init cuda support

* cuSPARSE err

* passed unittest for csr_mm/SpGEMM. int64 not supported

* Debugging cuSPARSE error 3

* csrgeam only supports int32?

* disabling int64 for cuda

* refactor and add CSRMask

* lint

* oops

* remove todo

* rewrite CSRMask with CSRGetData

* lint

* fix test

* address comments

* lint

* fix

* addresses comments and rename BUG_ON
Co-authored-by: Israt Nisa <nisisrat@amazon.com>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-30-71.ec2.internal>
Co-authored-by: Quan Gan <coin2028@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jinjing Zhou <VoVAllen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Minjie Wang <wmjlyjemaine@gmail.com>

* Start on uniform GPU sampling

* Save more work

* Get cu file compiling

* Update sampling

* More changes

* Get GPU sampling for uniform probabilities solved

* Fix batch tensor migration

* Fix

* update kernels

* expand blocking

* Undo testing change

* Cut down on sampling overhead

* Fix replacement

* Update unit tests

* Add option to gpu sample in graphsage

* Copy only csc to gpu

* Add ogbn support

* Fix linting

* Remove nvtx from sample

* Improve documentation and error checking

* Expand documentation

* Update assert checking

* delete extra space

* Use standard dataloader when dataset is a dictionary

* ogb -> ogbn

* Fix edge selection determinism

* Fix typos

* Remove nvtx

* Add comment for self.fanout_arrays and assert

* Fix linting

* Migrate to scalarbatcher

* Fix indentation

* Fix batcher

* Fix indexing

* Only use databatcher for GPU

* Convert to DGL NDArray to PyTorch Tensor

* Add optimization for PyTorch's F.tensor() for list of GPU tensors
Co-authored-by: Da Zheng <zhengda1936@gmail.com>

* Remove double-checking sorted

* Remove sorting of CSR by default

* Update unit test to use unsorted matix

* delete whitespace

* Expand unit tests

* Replace cusparse sort

* Fix row column sorting

* Explicitly don't sort columns

* Fix linting errors

* Fix bit-width calculation

* Fix sorting assertion and unit test

* Fix linting

* Improve CPU COO2CSR

* Remove references

* Rename and add documentation to edge encoding/decoding funcionts

* Fix sorting keys as 64 bit

* Revert cosmetic changes to unit tests

* Update documentation

* Update complexity documentation for coo to csr conversion

* Remove COOIsSorted check in CPU implementation too

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* upd

* upd
Co-authored-by: Jinjing Zhou <VoVAllen@users.noreply.github.com>

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* upd
Co-authored-by: VoVAllen <jz1749@nyu.edu>

* COO sort

* COOToCSR

* CSR2COO

* CSRSort; CSRTranspose

* pass all CSR tests

* lint

* remove int32 conversion

* fix tensorflow nn tests

* turn on CI

* fix

* addreess comments

* Merge

* [Graph][CUDA] Graph on GPU and many refactoring (#1791)

* change edge_ids behavior and C++ impl

* fix unittests; remove utils.Index in edge_id

* pass mx and th tests

* pass tf test

* add aten::Scatter_

* Add nonzero; impl CSRGetDataAndIndices/CSRSliceMatrix

* CSRGetData and CSRGetDataAndIndices passed tests

* CSRSliceMatrix basic tests

* fix bug in empty slice

* CUDA CSRHasDuplicate

* has_node; has_edge_between

* predecessors, successors

* deprecate send/recv; fix send_and_recv

* deprecate send/recv; fix send_and_recv

* in_edges; out_edges; all_edges; apply_edges

* in deg/out deg

* subgraph/edge_subgraph

* adj

* in_subgraph/out_subgraph

* sample neighbors

* set/get_n/e_repr

* wip: working on refactoring all idtypes

* pass ndata/edata tests on gpu

* fix

* stash

* workaround nonzero issue

* stash

* nx conversion

* test_hetero_basics except update routines

* test_update_routines

* test_hetero_basics for pytorch

* more fixes

* WIP: flatten graph

* wip: flatten

* test_flatten

* test_to_device

* fix bug in to_homo

* fix bug in CSRSliceMatrix

* pass subgraph test

* fix send_and_recv

* fix filter

* test_heterograph

* passed all pytorch tests

* fix mx unittest

* fix pytorch test_nn

* fix all unittests for PyTorch

* passed all mxnet tests

* lint

* fix tf nn test

* pass all tf tests

* lint

* lint

* change deprecation

* try fix compile

* lint

* update METIDS

* fix utest

* fix

* fix utests

* try debug

* revert

* small fix

* fix utests

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* trigger

* +1s

* [kernel] Use heterograph index instead of unitgraph index (#1813)

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* trigger

* +1s

* [Graph] Mutation for Heterograph (#1818)

* mutation add_nodes and add_edges

* Add support for remove_edges, remove_nodes, add_selfloop, remove_selfloop

* Fix
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>

* upd

* upd

* upd

* fix

* [Transfom] Mutable transform (#1833)

* add nodesy

* All three

* Fix

* lint

* Add some test case

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix

* fix

* triger

* Fix

* fix
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>

* [Graph] Migrate Batch & Readout module to heterograph (#1836)

* dgl.batch

* unbatch

* fix to device

* reduce readout; segment reduce

* change batch_num_nodes|edges to function

* reduce readout/ softmax

* broadcast

* topk

* fix

* fix tf and mx

* fix some ci

* fix batch but unbatch differently

* new checkk

* upd

* upd

* upd

* idtype behavior; code reorg

* idtype behavior; code reorg

* wip: test_basics

* pass test_basics

* WIP: from nx/ to nx

* missing files

* upd

* pass test_basics:test_nx_conversion

* Fix test

* Fix inplace update

* WIP: fixing tests

* upd

* pass test_transform cpu

* pass gpu test_transform

* pass test_batched_graph

* GPU graph auto cast to int32

* missing file

* stash

* WIP: rgcn-hetero

* Fix two datasety

* upd

* weird

* Fix capsuley

* fuck you

* fuck matthias

* Fix dgmg

* fix bug in block degrees; pass rgcn-hetero

* rgcn

* gat and diffpool fix
also fix ppi and tu dataset

* Tree LSTM

* pointcloud

* rrn; wip: sgc

* resolve conflicts

* upd

* sgc and reddit dataset

* upd

* Fix deepwalk, gindt and gcn

* fix datasets and sign

* optimization

* optimization

* upd

* upd

* Fix GIN

* fix bug in add_nodes add_edges; tagcn

* adaptive sampling and gcmc

* upd

* upd

* fix geometric

* fix

* metapath2vec

* fix agnn

* fix pickling problem of block

* fix utests

* miss file

* linegraph

* upd

* upd

* upd

* graphsage

* stgcn_wave

* fix hgt

* on unittests

* Fix transformer

* Fix HAN

* passed pytorch unittests

* lint

* fix

* Fix cluster gcn

* cluster-gcn is ready

* on fixing block related codes

* 2nd order derivative

* Revert "2nd order derivative"

This reverts commit 523bf6c249bee61b51b1ad1babf42aad4167f206.

* passed torch utests again

* fix all mxnet unittests

* delete some useless tests

* pass all tf cpu tests

* disable

* disable distributed unittest

* fix

* fix

* lint

* fix

* fix

* fix script

* fix tutorial

* fix apply edges bug

* fix 2 basics

* fix tutorial
Co-authored-by: yzh119 <expye@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: xiang song(charlie.song) <classicxsong@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-7-42.us-west-2.compute.internal>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-1-5.us-west-2.compute.internal>
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-68-185.ec2.internal>

* line graph

* update docstring

* Add test and compile OK

* Add python API

* Fix linty

* Fix

* Fix

* upd

* upd

* Fix

* merge

* Fix

* fix

* upd

* lint

* Fix
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>
Co-authored-by: Minjie Wang <wmjlyjemaine@gmail.com>

* Matrix union

* Pass test

* Fix lint

* return map for unionCOO/unionCSR

* Revert "return map for unionCOO/unionCSR"

This reverts commit 28e96c40f0659f02b33d88bcf528af6a6267726d.

* Update

* lint

* lint

* Fix doc
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>

* Matrix to simple

* Pass test

* new impl

* Fix test

* Fix lint

* trigger

* upd

* Fix comments
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>

* add nonzero op

* 111

* fix doc
Co-authored-by: xiang song(charlie.song) <classicxsong@gmail.com>

* start

* coo csr union partition

* lint

* lint

* lint

* Add matrix->data transform

* update

* Fix window compile

* Add CSR support for DisjointPartition

* lint

* Fix

* Use IdArray Op

* Concat ready

* Fix and all pass

* resolve comments

* Add union COO C++ test

* Add C++ test for csr

* lint

* triger

* Update include

* Fix merge

* test
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>

* add cub; array cumsum

* CSRSliceRows

* fix warning

* operator << for ndarray; CSRSliceRows

* add CSRIsSorted

* add csr_sort

* inplace coosort and outplace csrsort

* WIP: coo is sorted

* mv cuda_utils

* add AllTrue utility

* csr sort

* coo sort

* coo2csr for sorted coo arrays

* CSRToCOO from sorted

* pass tests for the new kernel changes

* cannot use inplace sort

* lint

* try fix msvc error

* Fix g.copy_to and g.asnumbits; ToBlock no longer uses CSC

* stash

* revert some hack

* revert some changes

* address comments

* fix

* fix to_block unittest

* add todo note

* udp

* simplify

* sddmm dot cpu

* upd

* format

* upd

* compatible with MJ's PR

* lint

* upd

* upd

* upd

* python end

* upd

* upd

* lint

* lint

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* upd

* lint

* fix mxnet

* upd

* lint

* use minjie's ptr

* macro

* upd

* reorg

* lint

* fix corner cases

* upd

* enrich cpu docs

* upd

* upd

* lint

* lint

* pylint

* sx review

* improve docstring

* python doc

* upd

* restructure

* lint

* upd test

* upd

* pylint

* fix corner cases and test

* add cuda utils; change g.to; add g.device

* split array.h into several headers

* cuda index select

* file

* three cuda kernels

* add cuda elementwise arith and several others

* cuda CSRIsNonZero

* fix lint

* lint

* lint

* fix bug in changing ctx to property

* address comments

* remove unused codes

* address comments

* traversal to new framework

* add new

* Fix compile

* Pass test

* keep old version

* lint

* lint

* Fix

* Fix

* Fix compatability with new master

* Fix test and tutorials

* Update according to comments

* Fix test
Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <ubuntu@ip-172-31-51-214.ec2.internal>