[fx] add rules to linearize computation graphs for searching. (#1461)

* [fx] polish ckpt_test.

* [fx] add rules to linearize computation graphs for searching.

* [fx] remove chen_sqrt for sake of simplicity

* [fx] fix inconsistencies.

colossalai/fx/passes/algorithms/__init__.py

-from .ckpt_solver_chen import chen_greedy, chen_sqrtn
+from .ckpt_solver_chen import chen_greedy

colossalai/fx/passes/algorithms/ckpt_solver_chen.py

 from typing import List, Set, Tuple
 import torch
-from torch.fx import GraphModule
+from torch.fx import GraphModule, Node
 import math
 
-__all__ = ['chen_greedy', 'chen_sqrtn']
+__all__ = ['chen_greedy']
+CKPT_OP = ['call_module', 'call_method', 'call_function', 'get_attr']
 
 
 def _all_potential_ckpt_nodes(gm: GraphModule) -> List:
+    """
+    In most existing frameworks of activation checkpoint, the forward graph is assumed to be linearized.
+    """
+
+    def is_sink():
+        """
+        If we can free all memories when executing a certain node, it is a sink.
+        """
+        return not sum((v for k, v in deps.items()))
+
+    deps = {}
     ckpt_nodes = []
     for n in gm.graph.nodes:
-        if n.op == 'call_module':
+        for n_par in n._input_nodes:
+            deps[n_par] -= 1    # free memory and dependencies
+
+        # We can only put act_ckpt on these nodes
+        if n.op in CKPT_OP and is_sink():
             ckpt_nodes.append(n)
+        deps[n] = len(n.users)    # add dependencies for future executions
     return ckpt_nodes
 
 
@@ -71,32 +88,7 @@ def chen_greedy(gm: GraphModule) -> GraphModule:
     for i, seg in enumerate(ckpt):
         for idx in range(*seg):
             n = node_list[idx]
-            if n.op in ['call_module', 'call_method', 'call_function']:
-                setattr(n, 'activation_checkpoint', str(i))
-    gm.recompile()
-    return gm
-
-
-def chen_sqrtn(gm: GraphModule) -> GraphModule:
-    """
-    This is the theoretical optimal strategy in https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.06174.
-
-    Usage:
-        model = resnet18()
-        input_sample = torch.rand(4, 3, 224, 224)
-        gm = symbolic_trace(model)
-        MetaInfoProp(gm).run(input_sample)
-        gm = chen_sqrtn(gm)
-
-    Args:
-        gm (GraphModule): The module to add checkpoints
-    """
-    gm.graph.lint()    # make sure nodes are in topological order
-    k = int(len(gm.graph.nodes)**0.5)    # take approximately sqrt(n) checkpoints
-    for idx, n in enumerate(gm.graph.nodes):
-        # We should not add act_ckpt to the placeholder
-        # The last segment should not be checkpointed
-        if n.op != 'placeholder' and (idx + 1) // k < k:
-            setattr(n, 'activation_checkpoint', str((idx + 1) // k))
+            if n.op in CKPT_OP:
+                setattr(n, 'activation_checkpoint', i)
     gm.recompile()
     return gm

tests/test_fx/test_ckpt_solvers/test_ckpt_torchvision.py

 from typing import Callable
 import copy
+import re
 import torch
 import torch.multiprocessing as mp
 import torchvision.models as tm
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ from torch.fx import GraphModule
 import colossalai
 from colossalai.fx import ColoTracer
 from colossalai.fx.passes.meta_info_prop import MetaInfoProp
-from colossalai.fx.passes.algorithms import chen_greedy, chen_sqrtn
+from colossalai.fx.passes.algorithms import chen_greedy
 from colossalai.utils import free_port
 from colossalai.core import global_context as gpc
 import pytest
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ except:
     from colossalai.fx.codegen import python_code_with_activation_checkpoint
     with_codegen = False
 
-SOLVERS = [chen_greedy, chen_sqrtn]
+SOLVERS = [chen_greedy]
 
 
 def _is_activation_checkpoint_available(gm: GraphModule):
@@ -36,6 +37,16 @@ def _is_all_gradient_close(m: torch.nn.Module, gm: GraphModule):
     return True
 
 
+def _is_graph_linearized(gm: GraphModule):
+    code = gm.code
+    # find patterns like r'      return output_1, output_2', which is not expected on a linearized graph
+    pattern = re.compile(r'     return [a-zA-Z0-9_]+(, [a-zA-Z0-9_]+)+')
+    if pattern.findall(code):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
 def check_backward_consistency(m: torch.nn.Module, gm: GraphModule, solver: Callable[[GraphModule], GraphModule],
                                model_cls: Callable[[], torch.nn.Module]):
     criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss()
@@ -66,12 +77,13 @@ def _run_ckpt_solver(rank):
             codegen = ActivationCheckpointCodeGen()
             gm.graph.set_codegen(codegen)
             gm = solver(gm)
+            assert _is_graph_linearized(gm), f"Solver {solver} did not solve {model_cls} in a linearized manner."
             assert _is_activation_checkpoint_available(
                 gm), f"Solver {solver} did not annotate {model_cls} with any activation checkpoints"
             check_backward_consistency(m, gm, solver, model_cls)
+    gpc.destroy()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skip
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not with_codegen, reason='torch version is lower than 1.12.0')
 def test_ckpt_solver():
     mp.spawn(_run_ckpt_solver, nprocs=1)
@@ -94,12 +106,13 @@ def _run_ckpt_solver_torch11(rank):
             MetaInfoProp(gm).run(data)
             gm.graph._python_code = python_code_with_activation_checkpoint.__get__(graph)
             gm = solver(gm)
+            assert _is_graph_linearized(gm), f"Solver {solver} did not solve {model_cls} in a linearized manner."
             assert _is_activation_checkpoint_available(
                 gm), f"Solver {solver} did not annotate {model_cls} with any activation checkpoints"
             check_backward_consistency(m, gm, solver, model_cls)
+    gpc.destroy()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skip
 @pytest.mark.skipif(with_codegen, reason='torch version is equal to or higher than 1.12.0')
 def test_ckpt_solver_torch11():
     mp.spawn(_run_ckpt_solver_torch11, nprocs=1)