from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import os
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Optional

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import triton
import triton.language as tl

from sglang.srt.constrained.base_grammar_backend import BaseGrammarObject
from sglang.srt.layers.attention.utils import create_flashinfer_kv_indices_triton
from sglang.srt.layers.logits_processor import LogitsProcessorOutput
from sglang.srt.layers.sampler import apply_custom_logit_processor
from sglang.srt.managers.schedule_batch import (
    Req,
    ScheduleBatch,
    get_last_loc,
    global_server_args_dict,
)
from sglang.srt.mem_cache.memory_pool import TokenToKVPoolAllocator
from sglang.srt.model_executor.forward_batch_info import CaptureHiddenMode
from sglang.srt.speculative.build_eagle_tree import build_tree_kernel_efficient
from sglang.srt.utils import fast_topk, is_cuda, is_hip, next_power_of_2

if is_cuda():
    from sgl_kernel import (
        top_k_renorm_prob,
        top_p_renorm_prob,
        tree_speculative_sampling_target_only,
        verify_tree_greedy,
    )
elif is_hip():
    from sgl_kernel import verify_tree_greedy


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


# Simulate acceptance length for benchmarking purposes
SIMULATE_ACC_LEN = os.environ.get("SIMULATE_ACC_LEN")
SIMULATE_ACC_METHOD = os.environ.get("SIMULATE_ACC_METHOD", "multinomial")

TREE_TRAVERSE_TIME_THRESHOLD = 1  # TODO: set this properly


@dataclass
class EagleDraftInput:
    # The inputs for decode
    # shape: (b, topk)
    topk_p: torch.Tensor = None
    topk_index: torch.Tensor = None
    # shape: (b, hidden_size)
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor = None
    capture_hidden_mode: CaptureHiddenMode = CaptureHiddenMode.FULL

    # Inputs for extend
    # shape: (b,)
    verified_id: torch.Tensor = None
    accept_length: torch.Tensor = None
    accept_length_cpu: List[int] = None

    # Inputs for the attention backends
    # shape: (b + 1,)
    kv_indptr: torch.Tensor = None
    kv_indices: torch.Tensor = None

    all_padding_lens: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None

    def prepare_for_extend(self, batch: ScheduleBatch):
        # Prefill only generate 1 token.
        assert len(self.verified_id) == len(batch.seq_lens)

        pt = 0
        for i, extend_len in enumerate(batch.extend_lens):
            input_ids = batch.input_ids[pt : pt + extend_len]
            batch.input_ids[pt : pt + extend_len] = torch.cat(
                (input_ids[1:], self.verified_id[i].reshape(1))
            )
            pt += extend_len

    def prepare_extend_after_decode(
        self,
        batch: ScheduleBatch,
        speculative_num_steps: int,
        context_length: int,
        pad_input: bool = False,
    ):
        accept_length_cpu = batch.spec_info.accept_length_cpu
        batch.extend_lens = [x + 1 for x in accept_length_cpu]
        batch.extend_num_tokens = sum(batch.extend_lens)
        batch.seq_lens = batch.spec_info.seq_lens_for_draft_extend
        batch.req_pool_indices = batch.spec_info.req_pool_indices_for_draft_extend
        seq_lens_cpu = batch.seq_lens.tolist()

        self.positions = torch.empty_like(self.verified_id, dtype=torch.long)
        new_verified_id = torch.empty_like(self.accept_length, dtype=torch.int32)
        self.accept_length.add_(1)

        create_extend_spec_info[(self.accept_length.numel(),)](
            self.verified_id,
            batch.seq_lens,
            self.accept_length,
            torch.cumsum(self.accept_length, axis=0, dtype=torch.int),
            self.positions,
            new_verified_id,
            next_power_of_2(speculative_num_steps + 1),
        )

        batch.seq_lens_sum = sum(seq_lens_cpu)
        batch.input_ids = self.verified_id
        self.verified_id = new_verified_id

        if not pad_input:
            return

        batch_size = sum(not req.finished() for req in batch.reqs)
        # Total constant input length after padding
        static_len = speculative_num_steps + 1
        # Total size after padding
        padded_input_size = batch_size * static_len

        padded_len = padded_input_size - batch.input_ids.shape[0]
        if padded_len > 0:
            new_input_ids = torch.nn.functional.pad(
                batch.input_ids, (0, padded_len), value=0
            )
            position_padding = torch.arange(padded_len, device=self.positions.device)
            new_positions = torch.cat([self.positions, position_padding])

            # need dummy hidden states for the padded positions
            hidden_states_dim = self.hidden_states.shape[-1]
            new_hidden_states = torch.cat(
                [
                    self.hidden_states,
                    torch.zeros(
                        (padded_len, hidden_states_dim),
                        dtype=self.hidden_states.dtype,
                        device=self.hidden_states.device,
                    ),
                ],
                dim=0,
            )

            # allocate KV cache location for the padded tokens
            padded_cache_loc = torch.zeros(
                padded_len,
                dtype=batch.out_cache_loc.dtype,
                device=batch.out_cache_loc.device,
            )
            new_out_cache_loc = torch.cat([batch.out_cache_loc, padded_cache_loc])

            batch.input_ids = new_input_ids
            self.hidden_states = new_hidden_states
            self.positions = new_positions
            batch.out_cache_loc = new_out_cache_loc

    def generate_attn_arg_prefill(
        self,
        req_pool_indices: torch.Tensor,
        paged_kernel_lens: torch.Tensor,
        paged_kernel_lens_sum: int,
        req_to_token: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        bs = self.accept_length.numel()

        qo_indptr = torch.zeros((bs + 1,), dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")
        qo_indptr[1:] = torch.cumsum(self.accept_length, dim=0)

        cum_kv_seq_len = torch.zeros((bs + 1,), dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")
        cum_kv_seq_len[1:] = torch.cumsum(paged_kernel_lens, dim=0)

        # TODO: replace cum_kv_seq_len[-1] with paged_kernel_lens_sum to avoid the device sync.
        kv_indices = torch.empty(cum_kv_seq_len[-1], dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")

        create_flashinfer_kv_indices_triton[(bs,)](
            req_to_token,
            req_pool_indices,
            paged_kernel_lens,
            cum_kv_seq_len,
            None,
            kv_indices,
            req_to_token.size(1),
        )

        return kv_indices, cum_kv_seq_len, qo_indptr, None

    def filter_batch(self, new_indices: torch.Tensor):
        self.topk_p = self.topk_p[: len(new_indices)]
        self.topk_index = self.topk_index[: len(new_indices)]
        self.hidden_states = self.hidden_states[: len(new_indices)]
        self.verified_id = self.verified_id[: len(new_indices)]

    def merge_batch(self, spec_info: EagleDraftInput):
        if self.hidden_states is None:
            self.hidden_states = spec_info.hidden_states
            self.verified_id = spec_info.verified_id
            self.topk_p = spec_info.topk_p
            self.topk_index = spec_info.topk_index
            return
        if spec_info.hidden_states is None:
            return
        self.hidden_states = torch.cat(
            [self.hidden_states, spec_info.hidden_states], axis=0
        )
        self.verified_id = torch.cat([self.verified_id, spec_info.verified_id], axis=0)
        self.topk_p = torch.cat([self.topk_p, spec_info.topk_p])
        self.topk_index = torch.cat([self.topk_index, spec_info.topk_index])


@dataclass
class EagleVerifyOutput:
    # Draft input batch
    draft_input: EagleDraftInput
    # Logit outputs from target worker
    logits_output: LogitsProcessorOutput
    # Accepted token ids including the bonus token
    verified_id: torch.Tensor
    # Accepted token length per sequence in a batch in CPU.
    accept_length_per_req_cpu: List[int]
    # Accepted indices from logits_output.next_token_logits
    accepted_indices: torch.Tensor


@dataclass
class EagleVerifyInput:
    draft_token: torch.Tensor
    custom_mask: torch.Tensor
    positions: torch.Tensor
    retrive_index: torch.Tensor
    retrive_next_token: torch.Tensor
    retrive_next_sibling: torch.Tensor
    retrive_cum_len: torch.Tensor
    spec_steps: int
    topk: int
    draft_token_num: int
    capture_hidden_mode: CaptureHiddenMode
    grammar: BaseGrammarObject = None

    @classmethod
    def create(
        cls,
        verified_id: torch.Tensor,
        score_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        token_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        parents_list: List[torch.Tensor],
        seq_lens: torch.Tensor,
        seq_lens_sum: int,
        topk: int,
        spec_steps: int,
        num_verify_tokens: int,
    ):
        (
            tree_mask,
            position,
            retrive_index,
            retrive_next_token,
            retrive_next_sibling,
            draft_tokens,
        ) = build_tree_kernel_efficient(
            verified_id,
            score_list,
            token_list,
            parents_list,
            seq_lens,
            seq_lens_sum,
            topk,
            spec_steps,
            num_verify_tokens,
        )

        return cls(
            draft_token=draft_tokens,
            custom_mask=tree_mask,
            positions=position,
            retrive_index=retrive_index,
            retrive_next_token=retrive_next_token,
            retrive_next_sibling=retrive_next_sibling,
            retrive_cum_len=None,
            spec_steps=spec_steps,
            topk=topk,
            draft_token_num=num_verify_tokens,
            capture_hidden_mode=CaptureHiddenMode.FULL,
        )

    def prepare_for_verify(self, batch: ScheduleBatch, page_size: int):
        batch.input_ids = self.draft_token

        if page_size == 1:
            batch.out_cache_loc = batch.alloc_token_slots(len(batch.input_ids))
            end_offset = batch.seq_lens + self.draft_token_num
        else:
            prefix_lens = batch.seq_lens
            end_offset = prefix_lens + self.draft_token_num
            last_loc = get_last_loc(
                batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token,
                batch.req_pool_indices,
                prefix_lens,
            )
            batch.out_cache_loc = batch.alloc_paged_token_slots_extend(
                prefix_lens, end_offset, last_loc, len(batch.input_ids)
            )
            self.last_loc = last_loc

        bs = batch.batch_size()
        assign_req_to_token_pool[(bs,)](
            batch.req_pool_indices,
            batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token,
            batch.seq_lens,
            end_offset,
            batch.out_cache_loc,
            batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token.shape[1],
            next_power_of_2(bs),
        )

    def generate_attn_arg_prefill(
        self,
        req_pool_indices: torch.Tensor,
        paged_kernel_lens: torch.Tensor,
        paged_kernel_lens_sum: int,
        req_to_token: torch.Tensor,
    ):
        batch_size = len(req_pool_indices)
        qo_indptr = torch.arange(
            0,
            (1 + batch_size) * self.draft_token_num,
            step=self.draft_token_num,
            dtype=torch.int32,
            device="cuda",
        )
        cum_kv_seq_len = torch.zeros(
            (batch_size + 1,), dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda"
        )

        paged_kernel_lens = paged_kernel_lens + self.draft_token_num
        cum_kv_seq_len[1:] = torch.cumsum(paged_kernel_lens, dim=0)

        kv_indices = torch.empty(
            paged_kernel_lens_sum + self.draft_token_num * batch_size,
            dtype=torch.int32,
            device="cuda",
        )
        create_flashinfer_kv_indices_triton[(batch_size,)](
            req_to_token,
            req_pool_indices,
            paged_kernel_lens,
            cum_kv_seq_len,
            None,
            kv_indices,
            req_to_token.size(1),
        )
        return kv_indices, cum_kv_seq_len, qo_indptr, self.custom_mask

    def verify(
        self,
        batch: ScheduleBatch,
        logits_output: torch.Tensor,
        token_to_kv_pool_allocator: TokenToKVPoolAllocator,
        page_size: int,
        vocab_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Verify and find accepted tokens based on logits output and batch
        (which contains spec decoding information).

        WARNING: This API in-place modifies the states of logits_output

        This API updates values inside logits_output based on the accepted
        tokens. I.e., logits_output.next_token_logits only contains
        accepted token logits.
        """
        bs = self.retrive_index.shape[0]
        candidates = self.draft_token.reshape(bs, self.draft_token_num)
        sampling_info = batch.sampling_info

        predict_shape = list(logits_output.next_token_logits.shape)[:-1]
        predict_shape[-1] += 1
        predict = torch.empty(predict_shape, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")
        accept_index = torch.full(
            (bs, self.spec_steps + 1), -1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda"
        )
        accept_length = torch.empty((bs,), dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")

        # Apply penalty
        if sampling_info.penalizer_orchestrator.is_required:
            # This is a relaxed version of penalties for speculative decoding.
            linear_penalty = torch.zeros(
                (bs, logits_output.next_token_logits.shape[1]),
                dtype=torch.float32,
                device="cuda",
            )
            sampling_info.apply_logits_bias(linear_penalty)
            logits_output.next_token_logits.add_(
                torch.repeat_interleave(linear_penalty, self.draft_token_num, dim=0)
            )

        # Apply grammar mask
        if vocab_mask is not None:
            assert self.grammar is not None
            self.grammar.apply_vocab_mask(
                logits=logits_output.next_token_logits, vocab_mask=vocab_mask
            )

        # Sample tokens
        if batch.sampling_info.is_all_greedy:
            target_predict = torch.argmax(logits_output.next_token_logits, dim=-1)
            target_predict = target_predict.reshape(bs, self.draft_token_num)

            verify_tree_greedy(
                predicts=predict,  # mutable
                accept_index=accept_index,  # mutable
                accept_token_num=accept_length,  # mutable
                candidates=candidates.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_index=self.retrive_index.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_next_token=self.retrive_next_token.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_next_sibling=self.retrive_next_sibling.to(torch.int32),
                target_predict=target_predict.to(torch.int32),
            )
        else:
            # apply temperature and get target probs
            expanded_temperature = torch.repeat_interleave(
                sampling_info.temperatures, self.draft_token_num, dim=0
            )  # (bs * draft_token_num, 1)

            target_probs = F.softmax(
                logits_output.next_token_logits / expanded_temperature, dim=-1
            )  # (bs * draft_token_num, vocab_size)
            target_probs = top_k_renorm_prob(
                target_probs,
                torch.repeat_interleave(
                    sampling_info.top_ks, self.draft_token_num, dim=0
                ),
            )  # (bs * draft_token_num, vocab_size)
            target_probs = top_p_renorm_prob(
                target_probs,
                torch.repeat_interleave(
                    sampling_info.top_ps, self.draft_token_num, dim=0
                ),
            )
            target_probs = target_probs.reshape(bs, self.draft_token_num, -1)

            draft_probs = torch.zeros(
                target_probs.shape, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda"
            )
            coins = torch.rand_like(candidates, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda")
            tree_speculative_sampling_target_only(
                predicts=predict,  # mutable
                accept_index=accept_index,  # mutable
                accept_token_num=accept_length,  # mutable
                candidates=candidates.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_index=self.retrive_index.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_next_token=self.retrive_next_token.to(torch.int32),
                retrive_next_sibling=self.retrive_next_sibling.to(torch.int32),
                uniform_samples=coins,
                target_probs=target_probs,
                draft_probs=draft_probs,
                threshold_single=global_server_args_dict[
                    "speculative_accept_threshold_single"
                ],
                threshold_acc=global_server_args_dict[
                    "speculative_accept_threshold_acc"
                ],
                deterministic=True,
            )

        if SIMULATE_ACC_LEN:
            # Do simulation
            accept_index = _generate_simulated_accept_index(
                accept_index=accept_index,
                predict=predict,  # mutable
                accept_length=accept_length,  # mutable
                simulate_acc_len=SIMULATE_ACC_LEN,
                bs=bs,
                spec_steps=self.spec_steps,
            )

        new_accept_index = []
        unfinished_index = []
        accept_index_cpu = accept_index.tolist()
        predict_cpu = predict.tolist()
        has_finished = False

        # Iterate every accepted token and check if req has finished after append the token
        # should be checked BEFORE free kv cache slots
        for i, (req, accept_index_row) in enumerate(zip(batch.reqs, accept_index_cpu)):
            new_accept_index_ = []
            for j, idx in enumerate(accept_index_row):
                if idx == -1:
                    break
                id = predict_cpu[idx]
                # if not found_finished:
                req.output_ids.append(id)
                req.check_finished()
                if req.finished():
                    has_finished = True
                    # set all tokens after finished token to -1 and break
                    accept_index[i, j + 1 :] = -1
                    break
                else:
                    new_accept_index_.append(idx)
                    # update grammar state
                    if req.grammar is not None:
                        try:
                            req.grammar.accept_token(id)
                        except ValueError as e:
                            logger.info(
                                f"{i=}, {req=}\n" f"{accept_index=}\n" f"{predict=}\n"
                            )
                            raise e
            if not req.finished():
                new_accept_index.extend(new_accept_index_)
                unfinished_index.append(i)
            req.spec_verify_ct += 1

        if has_finished:
            accept_length = (accept_index != -1).sum(dim=1) - 1

        # Free the KV cache for unaccepted tokens
        accept_index = accept_index[accept_index != -1]
        verified_id = predict[accept_index]
        evict_mask = torch.full_like(self.draft_token, True, dtype=torch.bool)
        evict_mask[accept_index] = False

        if page_size != 1:
            align_evict_mask_to_page_size[len(batch.seq_lens),](
                batch.seq_lens,
                evict_mask,
                page_size,
                self.draft_token_num,
                next_power_of_2(self.draft_token_num),
            )

        token_to_kv_pool_allocator.free(batch.out_cache_loc[evict_mask])

        # Construct EagleVerifyOutput
        if not has_finished:
            batch.out_cache_loc = batch.out_cache_loc[accept_index]
            assign_req_to_token_pool[(bs,)](
                batch.req_pool_indices,
                batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token,
                batch.seq_lens,
                batch.seq_lens + accept_length + 1,
                batch.out_cache_loc,
                batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token.shape[1],
                next_power_of_2(bs),
            )
            batch.seq_lens.add_(accept_length + 1)
            accept_length_cpu = accept_length.tolist()

            draft_input = EagleDraftInput()
            draft_input.hidden_states = batch.spec_info.hidden_states[accept_index]
            draft_input.verified_id = verified_id
            draft_input.accept_length = accept_length
            draft_input.accept_length_cpu = accept_length_cpu
            draft_input.seq_lens_for_draft_extend = batch.seq_lens
            draft_input.req_pool_indices_for_draft_extend = batch.req_pool_indices

            return EagleVerifyOutput(
                draft_input=draft_input,
                logits_output=logits_output,
                verified_id=verified_id,
                accept_length_per_req_cpu=accept_length_cpu,
                accepted_indices=accept_index,
            )
        else:
            assign_req_to_token_pool[(bs,)](
                batch.req_pool_indices,
                batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token,
                batch.seq_lens,
                batch.seq_lens + accept_length + 1,
                batch.out_cache_loc[accept_index],
                batch.req_to_token_pool.req_to_token.shape[1],
                next_power_of_2(bs),
            )
            batch.seq_lens.add_(accept_length + 1)
            accept_length_cpu = accept_length.tolist()

            draft_input = EagleDraftInput()
            if len(new_accept_index) > 0:
                new_accept_index = torch.tensor(new_accept_index, device="cuda")
                unfinished_index_device = torch.tensor(unfinished_index, device="cuda")
                draft_input.hidden_states = batch.spec_info.hidden_states[
                    new_accept_index
                ]
                draft_input.verified_id = predict[new_accept_index]
                draft_input.accept_length_cpu = [
                    accept_length_cpu[i] for i in unfinished_index
                ]
                draft_input.accept_length = accept_length[unfinished_index_device]
                if has_finished:
                    draft_input.seq_lens_for_draft_extend = batch.seq_lens[
                        unfinished_index_device
                    ]
                    draft_input.req_pool_indices_for_draft_extend = (
                        batch.req_pool_indices[unfinished_index_device]
                    )
                else:
                    draft_input.seq_lens_for_draft_extend = batch.seq_lens
                    draft_input.req_pool_indices_for_draft_extend = (
                        batch.req_pool_indices
                    )
            batch.out_cache_loc = batch.out_cache_loc[new_accept_index]

            return EagleVerifyOutput(
                draft_input=draft_input,
                logits_output=logits_output,
                verified_id=verified_id,
                accept_length_per_req_cpu=accept_length_cpu,
                accepted_indices=accept_index,
            )


@triton.jit
def create_extend_spec_info(
    verified_id,
    seq_len,
    accept_len,
    accept_len_cum,
    positions,
    new_verified_id,
    accept_len_upper: tl.constexpr,
):
    pid = tl.program_id(axis=0)
    offset = 0 if pid == 0 else tl.load(accept_len_cum + pid - 1)
    seq_length = tl.load(seq_len + pid)
    accept_length = tl.load(accept_len + pid)
    positions_ptr = positions + offset
    data = tl.arange(0, accept_len_upper)
    mask = data < accept_length
    tl.store(positions_ptr + data, seq_length - accept_length + data, mask)

    offset = tl.load(accept_len_cum + pid) - 1
    verified_id_data = tl.load(verified_id + offset)
    tl.store(new_verified_id + pid, verified_id_data)


@triton.jit
def assign_req_to_token_pool(
    req_pool_indices,
    req_to_token,
    start_offset,
    end_offset,
    out_cache_loc,
    pool_len: tl.constexpr,
    bs_upper: tl.constexpr,
):
    BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 32
    pid = tl.program_id(axis=0)
    kv_start = tl.load(start_offset + pid)
    kv_end = tl.load(end_offset + pid)
    token_pool = req_to_token + tl.load(req_pool_indices + pid) * pool_len

    length_offset = tl.arange(0, bs_upper)
    start = tl.load(start_offset + length_offset, mask=length_offset < pid)
    end = tl.load(end_offset + length_offset, mask=length_offset < pid)
    out_offset = tl.sum(end - start, axis=0)

    out_cache_ptr = out_cache_loc + out_offset

    save_offset = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE) + kv_start
    load_offset = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)

    num_loop = tl.cdiv(kv_end - kv_start, BLOCK_SIZE)
    for _ in range(num_loop):
        mask = save_offset < kv_end
        data = tl.load(out_cache_ptr + load_offset, mask=mask)
        tl.store(token_pool + save_offset, data, mask=mask)
        save_offset += BLOCK_SIZE
        load_offset += BLOCK_SIZE


@triton.jit
def assign_draft_cache_locs(
    req_pool_indices,
    req_to_token,
    seq_lens,
    out_cache_loc,
    pool_len: tl.constexpr,
    topk: tl.constexpr,
    speculative_num_steps: tl.constexpr,
    page_size: tl.constexpr,
):
    BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 32
    pid = tl.program_id(axis=0)
    kv_start = tl.load(seq_lens + pid)

    if page_size == 1 or topk == 1:
        kv_end = tl.load(seq_lens + pid) + topk * speculative_num_steps
        out_cache_ptr = out_cache_loc + pid * topk * speculative_num_steps
    else:
        prefix_len = tl.load(seq_lens + pid)
        last_page_len = prefix_len % page_size
        num_new_page = (
            last_page_len + speculative_num_steps + page_size - 1
        ) // page_size
        kv_end = prefix_len // page_size * page_size + num_new_page * (page_size * topk)

    token_pool = req_to_token + tl.load(req_pool_indices + pid) * pool_len

    num_loop = tl.cdiv(topk * speculative_num_steps, BLOCK_SIZE)
    for i in range(num_loop):
        save_offset = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE) + i * BLOCK_SIZE + kv_start
        load_offset = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE) + i * BLOCK_SIZE
        mask = save_offset < kv_end
        data = tl.load(out_cache_ptr + load_offset, mask=mask)
        tl.store(token_pool + save_offset, data, mask=mask)


@triton.jit
def generate_draft_decode_kv_indices(
    req_pool_indices,
    req_to_token,
    paged_kernel_lens,
    kv_indices,
    kv_indptr,
    positions,
    num_seqs: tl.constexpr,
    topk: tl.constexpr,
    pool_len: tl.constexpr,
    kv_indices_stride: tl.constexpr,
    kv_indptr_stride: tl.constexpr,
    bs_upper: tl.constexpr,
    iter_upper: tl.constexpr,
    num_tokens_upper: tl.constexpr,
):
    BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr = 128
    iters = tl.program_id(axis=0)
    bid = tl.program_id(axis=1)
    topk_id = tl.program_id(axis=2)

    kv_indices += kv_indices_stride * iters
    kv_indptr += kv_indptr_stride * iters
    iters += 1

    load_offset = tl.arange(0, bs_upper)
    seq_lens = tl.load(paged_kernel_lens + load_offset, mask=load_offset < bid)
    seq_len = tl.load(paged_kernel_lens + bid)
    cum_seq_len = tl.sum(seq_lens)

    kv_offset = cum_seq_len * topk + bid * iters * topk + topk_id * (seq_len + iters)
    kv_ptr = kv_indices + kv_offset
    token_pool_ptr = req_to_token + tl.load(req_pool_indices + bid) * pool_len

    kv_offset = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)
    num_loop = tl.cdiv(seq_len, BLOCK_SIZE)
    for _ in range(num_loop):
        mask = kv_offset < seq_len
        data = tl.load(token_pool_ptr + kv_offset, mask=mask)
        tl.store(kv_ptr + kv_offset, data, mask=mask)
        kv_offset += BLOCK_SIZE

    extend_offset = tl.arange(0, iter_upper)
    extend_data = tl.load(
        token_pool_ptr + seq_len + tl.arange(0, iter_upper) * topk + topk_id,
        mask=extend_offset < iters,
    )
    tl.store(kv_ptr + seq_len + extend_offset, extend_data, mask=extend_offset < iters)

    # Update kv_indptr
    bs_offset = tl.arange(0, num_tokens_upper)

    zid = bid * topk + topk_id
    if zid == 0:
        zid = num_seqs * topk
    positions = tl.load(positions + bs_offset, mask=bs_offset < zid)
    base = tl.sum(positions)
    tl.store(kv_indptr + zid, base + zid * iters)


@triton.jit
def align_evict_mask_to_page_size(
    seq_lens,
    evict_mask,
    page_size: tl.constexpr,
    num_draft_tokens: tl.constexpr,
    BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr,
):
    t_range = tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)

    bid = tl.program_id(axis=0)
    seq_len = tl.load(seq_lens + bid)
    io_mask = t_range < num_draft_tokens
    mask_row = tl.load(evict_mask + bid * num_draft_tokens + t_range, mask=io_mask)

    num_trues = tl.sum(mask_row)
    num_false = num_draft_tokens - num_trues

    start = (seq_len + num_false - 1) // page_size * page_size - seq_len
    for i in range(max(start, 0), min(start + page_size, num_draft_tokens)):
        tl.store(evict_mask + bid * num_draft_tokens + i, False)


@torch.compile(dynamic=True)
def select_top_k_tokens(
    i: int,
    topk_p: torch.Tensor,
    topk_index: torch.Tensor,
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    scores: torch.Tensor,
    topk: int,
):
    if i == 0:
        # The first step after extend
        input_ids = topk_index.flatten()
        hidden_states = hidden_states.repeat_interleave(topk, dim=0)
        scores = topk_p  # shape: (b, topk)

        tree_info = (
            topk_p.unsqueeze(1),  # shape: (b, 1, topk)
            topk_index,  # shape: (b, topk)
            torch.arange(-1, topk, dtype=torch.long, device="cuda")
            .unsqueeze(0)
            .repeat(topk_p.shape[0], 1),  # shape: (b, topk + 1)
        )
    else:
        # The later decode steps
        expand_scores = torch.mul(
            scores.unsqueeze(2), topk_p.reshape(-1, topk, topk)
        )  # (b, topk, 1) x (b, topk ,topk) -> (b, topk, topk)
        topk_cs_p, topk_cs_index = fast_topk(
            expand_scores.flatten(start_dim=1), topk, dim=-1
        )  # (b, topk)
        scores = topk_cs_p  # shape: (b, topk)

        topk_index = topk_index.reshape(-1, topk**2)
        input_ids = torch.gather(topk_index, index=topk_cs_index, dim=1).flatten()

        selected_input_index = topk_cs_index.flatten() // topk + torch.arange(
            0, hidden_states.shape[0], step=topk, device="cuda"
        ).repeat_interleave(topk)
        hidden_states = hidden_states[selected_input_index, :]

        tree_info = (
            expand_scores,  # shape: (b, topk, topk)
            topk_index,  # shape: (b, topk * topk)
            topk_cs_index + (topk**2 * (i - 1) + topk),  # shape: (b, topk)
        )

    return input_ids, hidden_states, scores, tree_info


def _generate_simulated_accept_index(
    accept_index,
    predict,
    accept_length,
    simulate_acc_len,
    bs,
    spec_steps,
):
    simulate_acc_len_float = float(simulate_acc_len)
    simulated_values = torch.normal(
        mean=simulate_acc_len_float,
        std=1.0,
        size=(1,),
        device="cpu",
    )
    # clamp simulated values to be between 1 and self.spec_steps
    simulated_values = torch.clamp(simulated_values, min=1.0, max=spec_steps)
    simulate_acc_len = int(simulated_values.round().item())

    accept_indx_first_col = accept_index[:, 0].view(-1, 1)
    sim_accept_index = torch.full(
        (bs, spec_steps + 1), -1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda"
    )
    sim_accept_index[:, :simulate_acc_len] = accept_indx_first_col + torch.arange(
        simulate_acc_len, device=accept_index.device
    )
    accept_length.fill_(simulate_acc_len - 1)
    predict.fill_(100)  # some legit token id
    return sim_accept_index


def traverse_tree(
    retrieve_next_token: torch.Tensor,
    retrieve_next_sibling: torch.Tensor,
    draft_tokens: torch.Tensor,
    grammar: BaseGrammarObject,
    allocate_token_bitmask: torch.Tensor,
):
    """
    Traverse the tree constructed by the draft model to generate the logits mask.
    """
    assert (
        retrieve_next_token.shape == retrieve_next_sibling.shape == draft_tokens.shape
    )

    allocate_token_bitmask.fill_(0)

    def dfs(
        curr: int,
        retrieve_next_token: torch.Tensor,
        retrieve_next_sibling: torch.Tensor,
        parent_pos: int,
    ):
        if curr == 0:
            # the first token generated by the target model, and thus it is always
            # accepted from the previous iteration
            accepted = True
        else:
            parent_bitmask = allocate_token_bitmask[parent_pos]
            curr_token_id = draft_tokens[curr]
            # 32 boolean bitmask values are packed into 32-bit integers
            accepted = (
                parent_bitmask[curr_token_id // 32] & (1 << (curr_token_id % 32))
            ) != 0

        if accepted:
            if curr != 0:
                # Accept the current token
                grammar.accept_token(draft_tokens[curr])
            if not grammar.is_terminated():
                # Generate the bitmask for the current token
                grammar.fill_vocab_mask(allocate_token_bitmask, curr)
                if retrieve_next_token[curr] != -1:
                    # Visit the child node
                    dfs(
                        retrieve_next_token[curr],
                        retrieve_next_token,
                        retrieve_next_sibling,
                        curr,
                    )

            if curr != 0:
                # Rollback the current token
                grammar.rollback(1)

        if retrieve_next_sibling[curr] != -1:
            # Visit the sibling node
            dfs(
                retrieve_next_sibling[curr],
                retrieve_next_token,
                retrieve_next_sibling,
                parent_pos,
            )

    dfs(0, retrieve_next_token, retrieve_next_sibling, -1)


def generate_token_bitmask(
    reqs: List[Req],
    verify_input: EagleVerifyInput,
    retrieve_next_token_cpu: torch.Tensor,
    retrieve_next_sibling_cpu: torch.Tensor,
    draft_tokens_cpu: torch.Tensor,
    vocab_size: int,
):
    """
    Generate the logit mask for structured output.
    Draft model's token can be either valid or invalid with respect to the grammar.
    We need to perform DFS to figure out:
    1. which tokens are accepted by the grammar
    2. what is the corresponding logit mask.
    """

    num_draft_tokens = draft_tokens_cpu.shape[-1]

    allocate_token_bitmask = None
    assert len(reqs) == retrieve_next_token_cpu.shape[0]
    grammar = None
    for i, req in enumerate(reqs):
        if req.grammar is not None:
            if allocate_token_bitmask is None:
                allocate_token_bitmask = req.grammar.allocate_vocab_mask(
                    vocab_size=vocab_size,
                    batch_size=draft_tokens_cpu.numel(),
                    device="cpu",
                )
            grammar = req.grammar
            traverse_tree(
                retrieve_next_token_cpu[i],
                retrieve_next_sibling_cpu[i],
                draft_tokens_cpu[i],
                req.grammar,
                allocate_token_bitmask[
                    i * num_draft_tokens : (i + 1) * num_draft_tokens
                ],
            )

    verify_input.grammar = grammar
    return allocate_token_bitmask
