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docs/en/reference/utils/instance.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore Ultralytics utilities for bounding boxes and instances, providing detailed documentation on handling bbox formats, conversions, and more.
keywords: Ultralytics, bounding boxes, Instances, bbox formats, conversions, AI, deep learning, YOLO, xyxy, xywh, ltwh
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/instance.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/instance.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/instance.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/instance.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.instance.Bboxes
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.instance.Instances
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.instance._ntuple
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docs/en/reference/utils/loss.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore detailed descriptions and implementations of various loss functions used in Ultralytics models, including Varifocal Loss, Focal Loss, Bbox Loss, and more.
keywords: Ultralytics, loss functions, Varifocal Loss, Focal Loss, Bbox Loss, Rotated Bbox Loss, Keypoint Loss, YOLO, model training, documentation
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/loss.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/loss.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/loss.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/loss.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.VarifocalLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.FocalLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.DFLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.BboxLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.RotatedBboxLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.KeypointLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.v8DetectionLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.v8SegmentationLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.v8PoseLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.v8ClassificationLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.v8OBBLoss
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.loss.E2EDetectLoss
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docs/en/reference/utils/metrics.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore detailed metrics and utility functions for model validation and performance analysis with Ultralytics' metrics module.
keywords: Ultralytics, metrics, model validation, performance analysis, IoU, confusion matrix
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/metrics.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/metrics.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/metrics.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/metrics.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.ConfusionMatrix
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.Metric
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.DetMetrics
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.SegmentMetrics
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.PoseMetrics
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.ClassifyMetrics
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.OBBMetrics
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.bbox_ioa
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.box_iou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.bbox_iou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.mask_iou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.kpt_iou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics._get_covariance_matrix
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.probiou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.batch_probiou
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.smooth_BCE
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.smooth
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.plot_pr_curve
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.plot_mc_curve
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.compute_ap
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.metrics.ap_per_class
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docs/en/reference/utils/ops.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore detailed documentation on utility operations in Ultralytics including non-max suppression, bounding box transformations, and more.
keywords: Ultralytics, utility operations, non-max suppression, bounding box transformations, YOLOv8, machine learning
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/ops.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/ops.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/ops.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/ops.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.Profile
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.segment2box
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.scale_boxes
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.make_divisible
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.nms_rotated
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.non_max_suppression
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.clip_boxes
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.clip_coords
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.scale_image
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xyxy2xywh
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xywh2xyxy
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xywhn2xyxy
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xyxy2xywhn
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xywh2ltwh
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xyxy2ltwh
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.ltwh2xywh
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xyxyxyxy2xywhr
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.xywhr2xyxyxyxy
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.ltwh2xyxy
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.segments2boxes
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.resample_segments
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.crop_mask
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.process_mask
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.process_mask_native
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.scale_masks
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.scale_coords
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.regularize_rboxes
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.masks2segments
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.convert_torch2numpy_batch
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.ops.clean_str
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docs/en/reference/utils/patches.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore and contribute to Ultralytics' utils/patches.py. Learn about the imread, imwrite, imshow, and torch_save functions.
keywords: Ultralytics, utils, patches, imread, imwrite, imshow, torch_save, OpenCV, PyTorch, GitHub
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/patches.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/patches.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/patches.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/patches.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.patches.imread
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.patches.imwrite
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.patches.imshow
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.patches.torch_load
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.patches.torch_save
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docs/en/reference/utils/plotting.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore detailed functionalities of Ultralytics plotting utilities for data visualizations and custom annotations in ML projects.
keywords: ultralytics, plotting, utilities, documentation, data visualization, annotations, python, ML tools
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/plotting.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/plotting.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/plotting.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/plotting.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.Colors
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.Annotator
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.plot_labels
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.save_one_box
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.plot_images
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.plot_results
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.plt_color_scatter
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.plot_tune_results
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.output_to_target
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.output_to_rotated_target
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.plotting.feature_visualization
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docs/en/reference/utils/tal.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore the TaskAlignedAssigner in Ultralytics YOLO. Learn about the TaskAlignedMetric and its applications in object detection.
keywords: Ultralytics, YOLO, TaskAlignedAssigner, object detection, machine learning, AI, Tal.py, PyTorch
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/tal.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/tal.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/tal.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/tal.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.TaskAlignedAssigner
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.RotatedTaskAlignedAssigner
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.make_anchors
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.dist2bbox
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.bbox2dist
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tal.dist2rbox
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docs/en/reference/utils/torch_utils.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore valuable torch utilities from Ultralytics for optimized model performance, including device selection, model fusion, and inference optimization.
keywords: Ultralytics, torch utils, model optimization, device selection, inference optimization, model fusion, CPU info, PyTorch tools
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.ModelEMA
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.EarlyStopping
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.torch_distributed_zero_first
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.smart_inference_mode
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.autocast
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.get_cpu_info
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.get_gpu_info
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.select_device
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.time_sync
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.fuse_conv_and_bn
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.fuse_deconv_and_bn
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.model_info
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.get_num_params
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.get_num_gradients
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.model_info_for_loggers
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.initialize_weights
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.copy_attr
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.get_latest_opset
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.strip_optimizer
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.convert_optimizer_state_dict_to_fp16
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.torch_utils.profile
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docs/en/reference/utils/triton.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Learn how to use the TritonRemoteModel class for interacting with remote Triton Inference Server models. Detailed guide with code examples and attributes.
keywords: Ultralytics, TritonRemoteModel, Triton Inference Server, model client, inference, remote model, machine learning, AI, Python
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/triton.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/triton.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/triton.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/triton.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.triton.TritonRemoteModel
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docs/en/reference/utils/tuner.md 0 → 100644
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---
description: Explore how to use ultralytics.utils.tuner.py for efficient hyperparameter tuning with Ray Tune. Learn implementation details and example usage.
keywords: Ultralytics, tuner, hyperparameter tuning, Ray Tune, YOLO, machine learning, AI, optimization
---
# Reference for `ultralytics/utils/tuner.py`
!!! note
This file is available at [https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/tuner.py](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/tuner.py). If you spot a problem please help fix it by [contributing](https://docs.ultralytics.com/help/contributing/) a [Pull Request](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/edit/main/ultralytics/utils/tuner.py) 🛠️. Thank you 🙏!
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## ::: ultralytics.utils.tuner.run_ray_tune
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docs/en/robots.txt 0 → 100644
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User-agent: *
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/ar/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/de/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/es/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/fr/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/it/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/ja/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/ko/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/pt/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/ru/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/tr/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/vi/sitemap.xml
Sitemap: https://docs.ultralytics.com/zh/sitemap.xml
docs/en/solutions/index.md 0 → 100644
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---
comments: true
description: Explore Ultralytics Solutions using YOLO11 for object counting, blurring, security, and more. Enhance efficiency and solve real-world problems with cutting-edge AI.
keywords: Ultralytics, YOLO11, object counting, object blurring, security systems, AI solutions, real-time analysis, computer vision applications
---
# Ultralytics Solutions: Harness YOLO11 to Solve Real-World Problems
Ultralytics Solutions provide cutting-edge applications of YOLO models, offering real-world solutions like object counting, blurring, and security systems, enhancing efficiency and [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) in diverse industries. Discover the power of YOLO11 for practical, impactful implementations.
![Ultralytics Solutions Thumbnail](https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/ultralytics-solutions-thumbnail.avif)
## Solutions
Here's our curated list of Ultralytics solutions that can be used to create awesome [computer vision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/computer-vision-cv) projects.
- [Object Counting](../guides/object-counting.md) 🚀 NEW: Learn to perform real-time object counting with YOLO11. Gain the expertise to accurately count objects in live video streams.
- [Object Cropping](../guides/object-cropping.md) 🚀 NEW: Master object cropping with YOLO11 for precise extraction of objects from images and videos.
- [Object Blurring](../guides/object-blurring.md) 🚀 NEW: Apply object blurring using YOLO11 to protect privacy in image and video processing.
- [Workouts Monitoring](../guides/workouts-monitoring.md) 🚀 NEW: Discover how to monitor workouts using YOLO11. Learn to track and analyze various fitness routines in real time.
- [Objects Counting in Regions](../guides/region-counting.md) 🚀 NEW: Count objects in specific regions using YOLO11 for accurate detection in varied areas.
- [Security Alarm System](../guides/security-alarm-system.md) 🚀 NEW: Create a security alarm system with YOLO11 that triggers alerts upon detecting new objects. Customize the system to fit your specific needs.
- [Heatmaps](../guides/heatmaps.md) 🚀 NEW: Utilize detection heatmaps to visualize data intensity across a matrix, providing clear insights in computer vision tasks.
- [Instance Segmentation with Object Tracking](../guides/instance-segmentation-and-tracking.md) 🚀 NEW: Implement [instance segmentation](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/instance-segmentation) and object tracking with YOLO11 to achieve precise object boundaries and continuous monitoring.
- [VisionEye View Objects Mapping](../guides/vision-eye.md) 🚀 NEW: Develop systems that mimic human eye focus on specific objects, enhancing the computer's ability to discern and prioritize details.
- [Speed Estimation](../guides/speed-estimation.md) 🚀 NEW: Estimate object speed using YOLO11 and object tracking techniques, crucial for applications like autonomous vehicles and traffic monitoring.
- [Distance Calculation](../guides/distance-calculation.md) 🚀 NEW: Calculate distances between objects using [bounding box](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/bounding-box) centroids in YOLO11, essential for spatial analysis.
- [Queue Management](../guides/queue-management.md) 🚀 NEW: Implement efficient queue management systems to minimize wait times and improve productivity using YOLO11.
- [Parking Management](../guides/parking-management.md) 🚀 NEW: Organize and direct vehicle flow in parking areas with YOLO11, optimizing space utilization and user experience.
- [Analytics](../guides/analytics.md) 📊 NEW: Conduct comprehensive data analysis to discover patterns and make informed decisions, leveraging YOLO11 for descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.
- [Live Inference with Streamlit](../guides/streamlit-live-inference.md) 🚀 NEW: Leverage the power of YOLO11 for real-time [object detection](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection) directly through your web browser with a user-friendly Streamlit interface.
## Contribute to Our Solutions
We welcome contributions from the community! If you've mastered a particular aspect of Ultralytics YOLO that's not yet covered in our solutions, we encourage you to share your expertise. Writing a guide is a great way to give back to the community and help us make our documentation more comprehensive and user-friendly.
To get started, please read our [Contributing Guide](../help/contributing.md) for guidelines on how to open up a Pull Request (PR) 🛠️. We look forward to your contributions!
Let's work together to make the Ultralytics YOLO ecosystem more robust and versatile 🙏!
## FAQ
### How can I use Ultralytics YOLO for real-time object counting?
Ultralytics YOLO11 can be used for real-time object counting by leveraging its advanced object detection capabilities. You can follow our detailed guide on [Object Counting](../guides/object-counting.md) to set up YOLO11 for live video stream analysis. Simply install YOLO11, load your model, and process video frames to count objects dynamically.
### What are the benefits of using Ultralytics YOLO for security systems?
Ultralytics YOLO11 enhances security systems by offering real-time object detection and alert mechanisms. By employing YOLO11, you can create a security alarm system that triggers alerts when new objects are detected in the surveillance area. Learn how to set up a [Security Alarm System](../guides/security-alarm-system.md) with YOLO11 for robust security monitoring.
### How can Ultralytics YOLO improve queue management systems?
Ultralytics YOLO11 can significantly improve queue management systems by accurately counting and tracking people in queues, thus helping to reduce wait times and optimize service efficiency. Follow our detailed guide on [Queue Management](../guides/queue-management.md) to learn how to implement YOLO11 for effective queue monitoring and analysis.
### Can Ultralytics YOLO be used for workout monitoring?
Yes, Ultralytics YOLO11 can be effectively used for monitoring workouts by tracking and analyzing fitness routines in real-time. This allows for precise evaluation of exercise form and performance. Explore our guide on [Workouts Monitoring](../guides/workouts-monitoring.md) to learn how to set up an AI-powered workout monitoring system using YOLO11.
### How does Ultralytics YOLO help in creating heatmaps for [data visualization](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/data-visualization)?
Ultralytics YOLO11 can generate heatmaps to visualize data intensity across a given area, highlighting regions of high activity or interest. This feature is particularly useful in understanding patterns and trends in various computer vision tasks. Learn more about creating and using [Heatmaps](../guides/heatmaps.md) with YOLO11 for comprehensive data analysis and visualization.
docs/en/tasks/classify.md 0 → 100644
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---
comments: true
description: Master image classification using YOLO11. Learn to train, validate, predict, and export models efficiently.
keywords: YOLO11, image classification, AI, machine learning, pretrained models, ImageNet, model export, predict, train, validate
model_name: yolo11n-cls
---
# Image Classification
<img width="1024" src="https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/image-classification-examples.avif" alt="Image classification examples">
[Image classification](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/image-classification) is the simplest of the three tasks and involves classifying an entire image into one of a set of predefined classes.
The output of an image classifier is a single class label and a confidence score. Image classification is useful when you need to know only what class an image belongs to and don't need to know where objects of that class are located or what their exact shape is.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5BO0Il_YYAg"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Explore Ultralytics YOLO Tasks: Image Classification using Ultralytics HUB
</p>
!!! tip
YOLO11 Classify models use the `-cls` suffix, i.e. `yolo11n-cls.pt` and are pretrained on [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml).
## [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11)
YOLO11 pretrained Classify models are shown here. Detect, Segment and Pose models are pretrained on the [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml) dataset, while Classify models are pretrained on the [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml) dataset.
[Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models) download automatically from the latest Ultralytics [release](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases) on first use.
{% include "macros/yolo-cls-perf.md" %}
- **acc** values are model accuracies on the [ImageNet](https://www.image-net.org/) dataset validation set. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val classify data=path/to/ImageNet device=0`
- **Speed** averaged over ImageNet val images using an [Amazon EC2 P4d](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p4/) instance. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val classify data=path/to/ImageNet batch=1 device=0|cpu`
## Train
Train YOLO11n-cls on the MNIST160 dataset for 100 [epochs](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/epoch) at image size 64. For a full list of available arguments see the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.yaml").load("yolo11n-cls.pt") # build from YAML and transfer weights
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="mnist160", epochs=100, imgsz=64)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Build a new model from YAML and start training from scratch
yolo classify train data=mnist160 model=yolo11n-cls.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=64
# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo classify train data=mnist160 model=yolo11n-cls.pt epochs=100 imgsz=64
# Build a new model from YAML, transfer pretrained weights to it and start training
yolo classify train data=mnist160 model=yolo11n-cls.yaml pretrained=yolo11n-cls.pt epochs=100 imgsz=64
```
### Dataset format
YOLO classification dataset format can be found in detail in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/classify/index.md).
## Val
Validate trained YOLO11n-cls model [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) on the MNIST160 dataset. No arguments are needed as the `model` retains its training `data` and arguments as model attributes.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
metrics.top1 # top1 accuracy
metrics.top5 # top5 accuracy
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo classify val model=yolo11n-cls.pt # val official model
yolo classify val model=path/to/best.pt # val custom model
```
## Predict
Use a trained YOLO11n-cls model to run predictions on images.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Predict with the model
results = model("https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg") # predict on an image
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo classify predict model=yolo11n-cls.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with official model
yolo classify predict model=path/to/best.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with custom model
```
See full `predict` mode details in the [Predict](../modes/predict.md) page.
## Export
Export a YOLO11n-cls model to a different format like ONNX, CoreML, etc.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-cls.pt format=onnx # export official model
yolo export model=path/to/best.pt format=onnx # export custom trained model
```
Available YOLO11-cls export formats are in the table below. You can export to any format using the `format` argument, i.e. `format='onnx'` or `format='engine'`. You can predict or validate directly on exported models, i.e. `yolo predict model=yolo11n-cls.onnx`. Usage examples are shown for your model after export completes.
{% include "macros/export-table.md" %}
See full `export` details in the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
## FAQ
### What is the purpose of YOLO11 in image classification?
YOLO11 models, such as `yolo11n-cls.pt`, are designed for efficient image classification. They assign a single class label to an entire image along with a confidence score. This is particularly useful for applications where knowing the specific class of an image is sufficient, rather than identifying the location or shape of objects within the image.
### How do I train a YOLO11 model for image classification?
To train a YOLO11 model, you can use either Python or CLI commands. For example, to train a `yolo11n-cls` model on the MNIST160 dataset for 100 epochs at an image size of 64:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="mnist160", epochs=100, imgsz=64)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo classify train data=mnist160 model=yolo11n-cls.pt epochs=100 imgsz=64
```
For more configuration options, visit the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
### Where can I find pretrained YOLO11 classification models?
Pretrained YOLO11 classification models can be found in the [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11) section. Models like `yolo11n-cls.pt`, `yolo11s-cls.pt`, `yolo11m-cls.pt`, etc., are pretrained on the [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml) dataset and can be easily downloaded and used for various image classification tasks.
### How can I export a trained YOLO11 model to different formats?
You can export a trained YOLO11 model to various formats using Python or CLI commands. For instance, to export a model to ONNX format:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load the trained model
# Export the model to ONNX
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-cls.pt format=onnx # export the trained model to ONNX format
```
For detailed export options, refer to the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
### How do I validate a trained YOLO11 classification model?
To validate a trained model's accuracy on a dataset like MNIST160, you can use the following Python or CLI commands:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-cls.pt") # load the trained model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, uses the dataset and settings from training
metrics.top1 # top1 accuracy
metrics.top5 # top5 accuracy
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo classify val model=yolo11n-cls.pt # validate the trained model
```
For more information, visit the [Validate](#val) section.
docs/en/tasks/detect.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Learn about object detection with YOLO11. Explore pretrained models, training, validation, prediction, and export details for efficient object recognition.
keywords: object detection, YOLO11, pretrained models, training, validation, prediction, export, machine learning, computer vision
---
# Object Detection
<img width="1024" src="https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/object-detection-examples.avif" alt="Object detection examples">
[Object detection](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection) is a task that involves identifying the location and class of objects in an image or video stream.
The output of an object detector is a set of bounding boxes that enclose the objects in the image, along with class labels and confidence scores for each box. Object detection is a good choice when you need to identify objects of interest in a scene, but don't need to know exactly where the object is or its exact shape.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5ku7npMrW40?si=6HQO1dDXunV8gekh"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Object Detection with Pre-trained Ultralytics YOLO Model.
</p>
!!! tip
YOLO11 Detect models are the default YOLO11 models, i.e. `yolo11n.pt` and are pretrained on [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml).
## [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11)
YOLO11 pretrained Detect models are shown here. Detect, Segment and Pose models are pretrained on the [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml) dataset, while Classify models are pretrained on the [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml) dataset.
[Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models) download automatically from the latest Ultralytics [release](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases) on first use.
{% include "macros/yolo-det-perf.md" %}
- **mAP<sup>val</sup>** values are for single-model single-scale on [COCO val2017](https://cocodataset.org/) dataset. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val detect data=coco.yaml device=0`
- **Speed** averaged over COCO val images using an [Amazon EC2 P4d](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p4/) instance. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val detect data=coco.yaml batch=1 device=0|cpu`
## Train
Train YOLO11n on the COCO8 dataset for 100 [epochs](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/epoch) at image size 640. For a full list of available arguments see the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolo11n.yaml").load("yolo11n.pt") # build from YAML and transfer weights
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="coco8.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Build a new model from YAML and start training from scratch
yolo detect train data=coco8.yaml model=yolo11n.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo detect train data=coco8.yaml model=yolo11n.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Build a new model from YAML, transfer pretrained weights to it and start training
yolo detect train data=coco8.yaml model=yolo11n.yaml pretrained=yolo11n.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
### Dataset format
YOLO detection dataset format can be found in detail in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/detect/index.md). To convert your existing dataset from other formats (like COCO etc.) to YOLO format, please use [JSON2YOLO](https://github.com/ultralytics/JSON2YOLO) tool by Ultralytics.
## Val
Validate trained YOLO11n model [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) on the COCO8 dataset. No arguments are needed as the `model` retains its training `data` and arguments as model attributes.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
metrics.box.map # map50-95
metrics.box.map50 # map50
metrics.box.map75 # map75
metrics.box.maps # a list contains map50-95 of each category
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo detect val model=yolo11n.pt # val official model
yolo detect val model=path/to/best.pt # val custom model
```
## Predict
Use a trained YOLO11n model to run predictions on images.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Predict with the model
results = model("https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg") # predict on an image
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo detect predict model=yolo11n.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with official model
yolo detect predict model=path/to/best.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with custom model
```
See full `predict` mode details in the [Predict](../modes/predict.md) page.
## Export
Export a YOLO11n model to a different format like ONNX, CoreML, etc.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n.pt format=onnx # export official model
yolo export model=path/to/best.pt format=onnx # export custom trained model
```
Available YOLO11 export formats are in the table below. You can export to any format using the `format` argument, i.e. `format='onnx'` or `format='engine'`. You can predict or validate directly on exported models, i.e. `yolo predict model=yolo11n.onnx`. Usage examples are shown for your model after export completes.
{% include "macros/export-table.md" %}
See full `export` details in the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
## FAQ
### How do I train a YOLO11 model on my custom dataset?
Training a YOLO11 model on a custom dataset involves a few steps:
1. **Prepare the Dataset**: Ensure your dataset is in the YOLO format. For guidance, refer to our [Dataset Guide](../datasets/detect/index.md).
2. **Load the Model**: Use the Ultralytics YOLO library to load a pre-trained model or create a new model from a YAML file.
3. **Train the Model**: Execute the `train` method in Python or the `yolo detect train` command in CLI.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pretrained model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
# Train the model on your custom dataset
model.train(data="my_custom_dataset.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo detect train data=my_custom_dataset.yaml model=yolo11n.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
For detailed configuration options, visit the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
### What pretrained models are available in YOLO11?
Ultralytics YOLO11 offers various pretrained models for object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation. These models are pretrained on the COCO dataset or ImageNet for classification tasks. Here are some of the available models:
- [YOLO11n](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.3.0/yolo11n.pt)
- [YOLO11s](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.3.0/yolo11s.pt)
- [YOLO11m](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.3.0/yolo11m.pt)
- [YOLO11l](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.3.0/yolo11l.pt)
- [YOLO11x](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.3.0/yolo11x.pt)
For a detailed list and performance metrics, refer to the [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11) section.
### How can I validate the accuracy of my trained YOLO model?
To validate the accuracy of your trained YOLO11 model, you can use the `.val()` method in Python or the `yolo detect val` command in CLI. This will provide metrics like mAP50-95, mAP50, and more.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load the model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt")
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val()
print(metrics.box.map) # mAP50-95
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo detect val model=path/to/best.pt
```
For more validation details, visit the [Val](../modes/val.md) page.
### What formats can I export a YOLO11 model to?
Ultralytics YOLO11 allows exporting models to various formats such as ONNX, TensorRT, CoreML, and more to ensure compatibility across different platforms and devices.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load the model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
# Export the model to ONNX format
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n.pt format=onnx
```
Check the full list of supported formats and instructions on the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
### Why should I use Ultralytics YOLO11 for object detection?
Ultralytics YOLO11 is designed to offer state-of-the-art performance for object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation. Here are some key advantages:
1. **Pretrained Models**: Utilize models pretrained on popular datasets like COCO and ImageNet for faster development.
2. **High Accuracy**: Achieves impressive mAP scores, ensuring reliable object detection.
3. **Speed**: Optimized for real-time inference, making it ideal for applications requiring swift processing.
4. **Flexibility**: Export models to various formats like ONNX and TensorRT for deployment across multiple platforms.
Explore our [Blog](https://www.ultralytics.com/blog) for use cases and success stories showcasing YOLO11 in action.
docs/en/tasks/index.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Explore Ultralytics YOLO11 for detection, segmentation, classification, OBB, and pose estimation with high accuracy and speed. Learn how to apply each task.
keywords: Ultralytics YOLO11, detection, segmentation, classification, oriented object detection, pose estimation, computer vision, AI framework
---
# Ultralytics YOLO11 Tasks
<br>
<img width="1024" src="https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/ultralytics-yolov8-tasks-banner.avif" alt="Ultralytics YOLO supported tasks">
YOLO11 is an AI framework that supports multiple [computer vision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/computer-vision-cv) **tasks**. The framework can be used to perform [detection](detect.md), [segmentation](segment.md), [obb](obb.md), [classification](classify.md), and [pose](pose.md) estimation. Each of these tasks has a different objective and use case.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NAs-cfq9BDw"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Explore Ultralytics YOLO Tasks: <a href="https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection">Object Detection</a>, Segmentation, OBB, Tracking, and Pose Estimation.
</p>
## [Detection](detect.md)
Detection is the primary task supported by YOLO11. It involves detecting objects in an image or video frame and drawing bounding boxes around them. The detected objects are classified into different categories based on their features. YOLO11 can detect multiple objects in a single image or video frame with high [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) and speed.
[Detection Examples](detect.md){ .md-button }
## [Segmentation](segment.md)
Segmentation is a task that involves segmenting an image into different regions based on the content of the image. Each region is assigned a label based on its content. This task is useful in applications such as [image segmentation](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/image-segmentation) and medical imaging. YOLO11 uses a variant of the U-Net architecture to perform segmentation.
[Segmentation Examples](segment.md){ .md-button }
## [Classification](classify.md)
Classification is a task that involves classifying an image into different categories. YOLO11 can be used to classify images based on their content. It uses a variant of the EfficientNet architecture to perform classification.
[Classification Examples](classify.md){ .md-button }
## [Pose](pose.md)
Pose/keypoint detection is a task that involves detecting specific points in an image or video frame. These points are referred to as keypoints and are used to track movement or pose estimation. YOLO11 can detect keypoints in an image or video frame with high accuracy and speed.
[Pose Examples](pose.md){ .md-button }
## [OBB](obb.md)
Oriented object detection goes a step further than regular object detection with introducing an extra angle to locate objects more accurate in an image. YOLO11 can detect rotated objects in an image or video frame with high accuracy and speed.
[Oriented Detection](obb.md){ .md-button }
## Conclusion
YOLO11 supports multiple tasks, including detection, segmentation, classification, oriented object detection and keypoints detection. Each of these tasks has different objectives and use cases. By understanding the differences between these tasks, you can choose the appropriate task for your computer vision application.
## FAQ
### What tasks can Ultralytics YOLO11 perform?
Ultralytics YOLO11 is a versatile AI framework capable of performing various computer vision tasks with high accuracy and speed. These tasks include:
- **[Detection](detect.md):** Identifying and localizing objects in images or video frames by drawing bounding boxes around them.
- **[Segmentation](segment.md):** Segmenting images into different regions based on their content, useful for applications like medical imaging.
- **[Classification](classify.md):** Categorizing entire images based on their content, leveraging variants of the EfficientNet architecture.
- **[Pose estimation](pose.md):** Detecting specific keypoints in an image or video frame to track movements or poses.
- **[Oriented Object Detection (OBB)](obb.md):** Detecting rotated objects with an added orientation angle for enhanced accuracy.
### How do I use Ultralytics YOLO11 for object detection?
To use Ultralytics YOLO11 for object detection, follow these steps:
1. Prepare your dataset in the appropriate format.
2. Train the YOLO11 model using the detection task.
3. Use the model to make predictions by feeding in new images or video frames.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pre-trained YOLO model (adjust model type as needed)
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt") # n, s, m, l, x versions available
# Perform object detection on an image
results = model.predict(source="image.jpg") # Can also use video, directory, URL, etc.
# Display the results
results[0].show() # Show the first image results
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Run YOLO detection from the command line
yolo detect model=yolo11n.pt source="image.jpg" # Adjust model and source as needed
```
For more detailed instructions, check out our [detection examples](detect.md).
### What are the benefits of using YOLO11 for segmentation tasks?
Using YOLO11 for segmentation tasks provides several advantages:
1. **High Accuracy:** The segmentation task leverages a variant of the U-Net architecture to achieve precise segmentation.
2. **Speed:** YOLO11 is optimized for real-time applications, offering quick processing even for high-resolution images.
3. **Multiple Applications:** It is ideal for medical imaging, autonomous driving, and other applications requiring detailed image segmentation.
Learn more about the benefits and use cases of YOLO11 for segmentation in the [segmentation section](segment.md).
### Can Ultralytics YOLO11 handle pose estimation and keypoint detection?
Yes, Ultralytics YOLO11 can effectively perform pose estimation and keypoint detection with high accuracy and speed. This feature is particularly useful for tracking movements in sports analytics, healthcare, and human-computer interaction applications. YOLO11 detects keypoints in an image or video frame, allowing for precise pose estimation.
For more details and implementation tips, visit our [pose estimation examples](pose.md).
### Why should I choose Ultralytics YOLO11 for oriented object detection (OBB)?
Oriented Object Detection (OBB) with YOLO11 provides enhanced [precision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/precision) by detecting objects with an additional angle parameter. This feature is beneficial for applications requiring accurate localization of rotated objects, such as aerial imagery analysis and warehouse automation.
- **Increased Precision:** The angle component reduces false positives for rotated objects.
- **Versatile Applications:** Useful for tasks in geospatial analysis, robotics, etc.
Check out the [Oriented Object Detection section](obb.md) for more details and examples.
docs/en/tasks/obb.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Discover how to detect objects with rotation for higher precision using YOLO11 OBB models. Learn, train, validate, and export OBB models effortlessly.
keywords: Oriented Bounding Boxes, OBB, Object Detection, YOLO11, Ultralytics, DOTAv1, Model Training, Model Export, AI, Machine Learning
model_name: yolo11n-obb
---
# Oriented Bounding Boxes [Object Detection](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection)
<!-- obb task poster -->
Oriented object detection goes a step further than object detection and introduce an extra angle to locate objects more accurate in an image.
The output of an oriented object detector is a set of rotated bounding boxes that exactly enclose the objects in the image, along with class labels and confidence scores for each box. Object detection is a good choice when you need to identify objects of interest in a scene, but don't need to know exactly where the object is or its exact shape.
<!-- youtube video link for obb task -->
!!! tip
YOLO11 OBB models use the `-obb` suffix, i.e. `yolo11n-obb.pt` and are pretrained on [DOTAv1](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/DOTAv1.yaml).
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z7Z9pHF8wJc"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Object Detection using Ultralytics YOLO Oriented Bounding Boxes (YOLO-OBB)
</p>
## Visual Samples
| Ships Detection using OBB | Vehicle Detection using OBB |
| :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
| ![Ships Detection using OBB](https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/ships-detection-using-obb.avif) | ![Vehicle Detection using OBB](https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/vehicle-detection-using-obb.avif) |
## [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11)
YOLO11 pretrained OBB models are shown here, which are pretrained on the [DOTAv1](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/DOTAv1.yaml) dataset.
[Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models) download automatically from the latest Ultralytics [release](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases) on first use.
{% include "macros/yolo-obb-perf.md" %}
- **mAP<sup>test</sup>** values are for single-model multiscale on [DOTAv1](https://captain-whu.github.io/DOTA/index.html) dataset. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val obb data=DOTAv1.yaml device=0 split=test` and submit merged results to [DOTA evaluation](https://captain-whu.github.io/DOTA/evaluation.html).
- **Speed** averaged over DOTAv1 val images using an [Amazon EC2 P4d](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p4/) instance. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val obb data=DOTAv1.yaml batch=1 device=0|cpu`
## Train
Train YOLO11n-obb on the DOTA8 dataset for 100 [epochs](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/epoch) at image size 640. For a full list of available arguments see the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.yaml").load("yolo11n.pt") # build from YAML and transfer weights
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="dota8.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Build a new model from YAML and start training from scratch
yolo obb train data=dota8.yaml model=yolo11n-obb.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo obb train data=dota8.yaml model=yolo11n-obb.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Build a new model from YAML, transfer pretrained weights to it and start training
yolo obb train data=dota8.yaml model=yolo11n-obb.yaml pretrained=yolo11n-obb.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uZ7SymQfqKI"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> How to Train Ultralytics YOLO-OBB (Oriented Bounding Boxes) Models on DOTA Dataset using Ultralytics HUB
</p>
### Dataset format
OBB dataset format can be found in detail in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/obb/index.md).
## Val
Validate trained YOLO11n-obb model [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) on the DOTA8 dataset. No arguments are needed as the `model` retains its training `data` and arguments as model attributes.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val(data="dota8.yaml") # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
metrics.box.map # map50-95(B)
metrics.box.map50 # map50(B)
metrics.box.map75 # map75(B)
metrics.box.maps # a list contains map50-95(B) of each category
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo obb val model=yolo11n-obb.pt data=dota8.yaml # val official model
yolo obb val model=path/to/best.pt data=path/to/data.yaml # val custom model
```
## Predict
Use a trained YOLO11n-obb model to run predictions on images.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Predict with the model
results = model("https://ultralytics.com/images/boats.jpg") # predict on an image
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo obb predict model=yolo11n-obb.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/boats.jpg' # predict with official model
yolo obb predict model=path/to/best.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/boats.jpg' # predict with custom model
```
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5XYdm5CYODA"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> How to Detect and Track Storage Tanks using Ultralytics YOLO-OBB | Oriented Bounding Boxes | DOTA
</p>
See full `predict` mode details in the [Predict](../modes/predict.md) page.
## Export
Export a YOLO11n-obb model to a different format like ONNX, CoreML, etc.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-obb.pt format=onnx # export official model
yolo export model=path/to/best.pt format=onnx # export custom trained model
```
Available YOLO11-obb export formats are in the table below. You can export to any format using the `format` argument, i.e. `format='onnx'` or `format='engine'`. You can predict or validate directly on exported models, i.e. `yolo predict model=yolo11n-obb.onnx`. Usage examples are shown for your model after export completes.
{% include "macros/export-table.md" %}
See full `export` details in the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
## FAQ
### What are Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) and how do they differ from regular bounding boxes?
Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) include an additional angle to enhance object localization accuracy in images. Unlike regular bounding boxes, which are axis-aligned rectangles, OBBs can rotate to fit the orientation of the object better. This is particularly useful for applications requiring precise object placement, such as aerial or satellite imagery ([Dataset Guide](../datasets/obb/index.md)).
### How do I train a YOLO11n-obb model using a custom dataset?
To train a YOLO11n-obb model with a custom dataset, follow the example below using Python or CLI:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pretrained model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt")
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="path/to/custom_dataset.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo obb train data=path/to/custom_dataset.yaml model=yolo11n-obb.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
For more training arguments, check the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) section.
### What datasets can I use for training YOLO11-OBB models?
YOLO11-OBB models are pretrained on datasets like [DOTAv1](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/DOTAv1.yaml) but you can use any dataset formatted for OBB. Detailed information on OBB dataset formats can be found in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/obb/index.md).
### How can I export a YOLO11-OBB model to ONNX format?
Exporting a YOLO11-OBB model to ONNX format is straightforward using either Python or CLI:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt")
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-obb.pt format=onnx
```
For more export formats and details, refer to the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
### How do I validate the accuracy of a YOLO11n-obb model?
To validate a YOLO11n-obb model, you can use Python or CLI commands as shown below:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-obb.pt")
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val(data="dota8.yaml")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo obb val model=yolo11n-obb.pt data=dota8.yaml
```
See full validation details in the [Val](../modes/val.md) section.
docs/en/tasks/pose.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Discover how to use YOLO11 for pose estimation tasks. Learn about model training, validation, prediction, and exporting in various formats.
keywords: pose estimation, YOLO11, Ultralytics, keypoints, model training, image recognition, deep learning
model_name: yolo11n-pose
---
# Pose Estimation
<img width="1024" src="https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/pose-estimation-examples.avif" alt="Pose estimation examples">
Pose estimation is a task that involves identifying the location of specific points in an image, usually referred to as keypoints. The keypoints can represent various parts of the object such as joints, landmarks, or other distinctive features. The locations of the keypoints are usually represented as a set of 2D `[x, y]` or 3D `[x, y, visible]` coordinates.
The output of a pose estimation model is a set of points that represent the keypoints on an object in the image, usually along with the confidence scores for each point. Pose estimation is a good choice when you need to identify specific parts of an object in a scene, and their location in relation to each other.
<table>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y28xXQmju64?si=pCY4ZwejZFu6Z4kZ"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Pose Estimation with Ultralytics YOLO.
</td>
<td align="center">
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aeAX6vWpfR0"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Pose Estimation with Ultralytics HUB.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
!!! tip
YOLO11 _pose_ models use the `-pose` suffix, i.e. `yolo11n-pose.pt`. These models are trained on the [COCO keypoints](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco-pose.yaml) dataset and are suitable for a variety of pose estimation tasks.
In the default YOLO11 pose model, there are 17 keypoints, each representing a different part of the human body. Here is the mapping of each index to its respective body joint:
0: Nose
1: Left Eye
2: Right Eye
3: Left Ear
4: Right Ear
5: Left Shoulder
6: Right Shoulder
7: Left Elbow
8: Right Elbow
9: Left Wrist
10: Right Wrist
11: Left Hip
12: Right Hip
13: Left Knee
14: Right Knee
15: Left Ankle
16: Right Ankle
## [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11)
YOLO11 pretrained Pose models are shown here. Detect, Segment and Pose models are pretrained on the [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml) dataset, while Classify models are pretrained on the [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml) dataset.
[Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models) download automatically from the latest Ultralytics [release](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases) on first use.
{% include "macros/yolo-pose-perf.md" %}
- **mAP<sup>val</sup>** values are for single-model single-scale on [COCO Keypoints val2017](https://cocodataset.org/) dataset. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val pose data=coco-pose.yaml device=0`
- **Speed** averaged over COCO val images using an [Amazon EC2 P4d](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p4/) instance. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val pose data=coco-pose.yaml batch=1 device=0|cpu`
## Train
Train a YOLO11-pose model on the COCO8-pose dataset.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.yaml").load("yolo11n-pose.pt") # build from YAML and transfer weights
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="coco8-pose.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Build a new model from YAML and start training from scratch
yolo pose train data=coco8-pose.yaml model=yolo11n-pose.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo pose train data=coco8-pose.yaml model=yolo11n-pose.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Build a new model from YAML, transfer pretrained weights to it and start training
yolo pose train data=coco8-pose.yaml model=yolo11n-pose.yaml pretrained=yolo11n-pose.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
### Dataset format
YOLO pose dataset format can be found in detail in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/pose/index.md). To convert your existing dataset from other formats (like COCO etc.) to YOLO format, please use [JSON2YOLO](https://github.com/ultralytics/JSON2YOLO) tool by Ultralytics.
## Val
Validate trained YOLO11n-pose model [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) on the COCO8-pose dataset. No arguments are needed as the `model` retains its training `data` and arguments as model attributes.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
metrics.box.map # map50-95
metrics.box.map50 # map50
metrics.box.map75 # map75
metrics.box.maps # a list contains map50-95 of each category
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo pose val model=yolo11n-pose.pt # val official model
yolo pose val model=path/to/best.pt # val custom model
```
## Predict
Use a trained YOLO11n-pose model to run predictions on images.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Predict with the model
results = model("https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg") # predict on an image
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo pose predict model=yolo11n-pose.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with official model
yolo pose predict model=path/to/best.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with custom model
```
See full `predict` mode details in the [Predict](../modes/predict.md) page.
## Export
Export a YOLO11n Pose model to a different format like ONNX, CoreML, etc.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-pose.pt format=onnx # export official model
yolo export model=path/to/best.pt format=onnx # export custom trained model
```
Available YOLO11-pose export formats are in the table below. You can export to any format using the `format` argument, i.e. `format='onnx'` or `format='engine'`. You can predict or validate directly on exported models, i.e. `yolo predict model=yolo11n-pose.onnx`. Usage examples are shown for your model after export completes.
{% include "macros/export-table.md" %}
See full `export` details in the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
## FAQ
### What is Pose Estimation with Ultralytics YOLO11 and how does it work?
Pose estimation with Ultralytics YOLO11 involves identifying specific points, known as keypoints, in an image. These keypoints typically represent joints or other important features of the object. The output includes the `[x, y]` coordinates and confidence scores for each point. YOLO11-pose models are specifically designed for this task and use the `-pose` suffix, such as `yolo11n-pose.pt`. These models are pre-trained on datasets like [COCO keypoints](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco-pose.yaml) and can be used for various pose estimation tasks. For more information, visit the [Pose Estimation Page](#pose-estimation).
### How can I train a YOLO11-pose model on a custom dataset?
Training a YOLO11-pose model on a custom dataset involves loading a model, either a new model defined by a YAML file or a pre-trained model. You can then start the training process using your specified dataset and parameters.
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="your-dataset.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
For comprehensive details on training, refer to the [Train Section](#train).
### How do I validate a trained YOLO11-pose model?
Validation of a YOLO11-pose model involves assessing its accuracy using the same dataset parameters retained during training. Here's an example:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
```
For more information, visit the [Val Section](#val).
### Can I export a YOLO11-pose model to other formats, and how?
Yes, you can export a YOLO11-pose model to various formats like ONNX, CoreML, TensorRT, and more. This can be done using either Python or the Command Line Interface (CLI).
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
Refer to the [Export Section](#export) for more details.
### What are the available Ultralytics YOLO11-pose models and their performance metrics?
Ultralytics YOLO11 offers various pretrained pose models such as YOLO11n-pose, YOLO11s-pose, YOLO11m-pose, among others. These models differ in size, accuracy (mAP), and speed. For instance, the YOLO11n-pose model achieves a mAP<sup>pose</sup>50-95 of 50.4 and an mAP<sup>pose</sup>50 of 80.1. For a complete list and performance details, visit the [Models Section](#models).
docs/en/tasks/segment.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Master instance segmentation using YOLO11. Learn how to detect, segment and outline objects in images with detailed guides and examples.
keywords: instance segmentation, YOLO11, object detection, image segmentation, machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, COCO dataset, Ultralytics
model_name: yolo11n-seg
---
# Instance Segmentation
<img width="1024" src="https://github.com/ultralytics/docs/releases/download/0/instance-segmentation-examples.avif" alt="Instance segmentation examples">
[Instance segmentation](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/instance-segmentation) goes a step further than object detection and involves identifying individual objects in an image and segmenting them from the rest of the image.
The output of an instance segmentation model is a set of masks or contours that outline each object in the image, along with class labels and confidence scores for each object. Instance segmentation is useful when you need to know not only where objects are in an image, but also what their exact shape is.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/o4Zd-IeMlSY?si=37nusCzDTd74Obsp"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Run Segmentation with Pre-Trained Ultralytics YOLO Model in Python.
</p>
!!! tip
YOLO11 Segment models use the `-seg` suffix, i.e. `yolo11n-seg.pt` and are pretrained on [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml).
## [Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models/11)
YOLO11 pretrained Segment models are shown here. Detect, Segment and Pose models are pretrained on the [COCO](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml) dataset, while Classify models are pretrained on the [ImageNet](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/ImageNet.yaml) dataset.
[Models](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/tree/main/ultralytics/cfg/models) download automatically from the latest Ultralytics [release](https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases) on first use.
{% include "macros/yolo-seg-perf.md" %}
- **mAP<sup>val</sup>** values are for single-model single-scale on [COCO val2017](https://cocodataset.org/) dataset. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val segment data=coco-seg.yaml device=0`
- **Speed** averaged over COCO val images using an [Amazon EC2 P4d](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p4/) instance. <br>Reproduce by `yolo val segment data=coco-seg.yaml batch=1 device=0|cpu`
## Train
Train YOLO11n-seg on the COCO8-seg dataset for 100 [epochs](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/epoch) at image size 640. For a full list of available arguments see the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.yaml") # build a new model from YAML
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt") # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.yaml").load("yolo11n.pt") # build from YAML and transfer weights
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="coco8-seg.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
# Build a new model from YAML and start training from scratch
yolo segment train data=coco8-seg.yaml model=yolo11n-seg.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Start training from a pretrained *.pt model
yolo segment train data=coco8-seg.yaml model=yolo11n-seg.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
# Build a new model from YAML, transfer pretrained weights to it and start training
yolo segment train data=coco8-seg.yaml model=yolo11n-seg.yaml pretrained=yolo11n-seg.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
### Dataset format
YOLO segmentation dataset format can be found in detail in the [Dataset Guide](../datasets/segment/index.md). To convert your existing dataset from other formats (like COCO etc.) to YOLO format, please use [JSON2YOLO](https://github.com/ultralytics/JSON2YOLO) tool by Ultralytics.
## Val
Validate trained YOLO11n-seg model [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy) on the COCO8-seg dataset. No arguments are needed as the `model` retains its training `data` and arguments as model attributes.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val() # no arguments needed, dataset and settings remembered
metrics.box.map # map50-95(B)
metrics.box.map50 # map50(B)
metrics.box.map75 # map75(B)
metrics.box.maps # a list contains map50-95(B) of each category
metrics.seg.map # map50-95(M)
metrics.seg.map50 # map50(M)
metrics.seg.map75 # map75(M)
metrics.seg.maps # a list contains map50-95(M) of each category
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo segment val model=yolo11n-seg.pt # val official model
yolo segment val model=path/to/best.pt # val custom model
```
## Predict
Use a trained YOLO11n-seg model to run predictions on images.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom model
# Predict with the model
results = model("https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg") # predict on an image
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo segment predict model=yolo11n-seg.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with official model
yolo segment predict model=path/to/best.pt source='https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg' # predict with custom model
```
See full `predict` mode details in the [Predict](../modes/predict.md) page.
## Export
Export a YOLO11n-seg model to a different format like ONNX, CoreML, etc.
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt") # load an official model
model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt") # load a custom trained model
# Export the model
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-seg.pt format=onnx # export official model
yolo export model=path/to/best.pt format=onnx # export custom trained model
```
Available YOLO11-seg export formats are in the table below. You can export to any format using the `format` argument, i.e. `format='onnx'` or `format='engine'`. You can predict or validate directly on exported models, i.e. `yolo predict model=yolo11n-seg.onnx`. Usage examples are shown for your model after export completes.
{% include "macros/export-table.md" %}
See full `export` details in the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
## FAQ
### How do I train a YOLO11 segmentation model on a custom dataset?
To train a YOLO11 segmentation model on a custom dataset, you first need to prepare your dataset in the YOLO segmentation format. You can use tools like [JSON2YOLO](https://github.com/ultralytics/JSON2YOLO) to convert datasets from other formats. Once your dataset is ready, you can train the model using Python or CLI commands:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pretrained YOLO11 segment model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt")
# Train the model
results = model.train(data="path/to/your_dataset.yaml", epochs=100, imgsz=640)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo segment train data=path/to/your_dataset.yaml model=yolo11n-seg.pt epochs=100 imgsz=640
```
Check the [Configuration](../usage/cfg.md) page for more available arguments.
### What is the difference between [object detection](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection) and instance segmentation in YOLO11?
Object detection identifies and localizes objects within an image by drawing bounding boxes around them, whereas instance segmentation not only identifies the bounding boxes but also delineates the exact shape of each object. YOLO11 instance segmentation models provide masks or contours that outline each detected object, which is particularly useful for tasks where knowing the precise shape of objects is important, such as medical imaging or autonomous driving.
### Why use YOLO11 for instance segmentation?
Ultralytics YOLO11 is a state-of-the-art model recognized for its high accuracy and real-time performance, making it ideal for instance segmentation tasks. YOLO11 Segment models come pretrained on the [COCO dataset](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco.yaml), ensuring robust performance across a variety of objects. Additionally, YOLO supports training, validation, prediction, and export functionalities with seamless integration, making it highly versatile for both research and industry applications.
### How do I load and validate a pretrained YOLO segmentation model?
Loading and validating a pretrained YOLO segmentation model is straightforward. Here's how you can do it using both Python and CLI:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pretrained model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt")
# Validate the model
metrics = model.val()
print("Mean Average Precision for boxes:", metrics.box.map)
print("Mean Average Precision for masks:", metrics.seg.map)
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo segment val model=yolo11n-seg.pt
```
These steps will provide you with validation metrics like [Mean Average Precision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/mean-average-precision-map) (mAP), crucial for assessing model performance.
### How can I export a YOLO segmentation model to ONNX format?
Exporting a YOLO segmentation model to ONNX format is simple and can be done using Python or CLI commands:
!!! example
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a pretrained model
model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt")
# Export the model to ONNX format
model.export(format="onnx")
```
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo export model=yolo11n-seg.pt format=onnx
```
For more details on exporting to various formats, refer to the [Export](../modes/export.md) page.
docs/en/usage/callbacks.md 0 → 100644
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---
comments: true
description: Explore Ultralytics callbacks for training, validation, exporting, and prediction. Learn how to use and customize them for your ML models.
keywords: Ultralytics, callbacks, training, validation, export, prediction, ML models, YOLO11, Python, machine learning
---
## Callbacks
Ultralytics framework supports callbacks as entry points in strategic stages of train, val, export, and predict modes. Each callback accepts a `Trainer`, `Validator`, or `Predictor` object depending on the operation type. All properties of these objects can be found in Reference section of the docs.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GsXGnb-A4Kc?start=67"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Mastering Ultralytics YOLO: Callbacks
</p>
## Examples
### Returning additional information with Prediction
In this example, we want to return the original frame with each result object. Here's how we can do that
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_predict_batch_end(predictor):
"""Handle prediction batch end by combining results with corresponding frames; modifies predictor results."""
_, image, _, _ = predictor.batch
# Ensure that image is a list
image = image if isinstance(image, list) else [image]
# Combine the prediction results with the corresponding frames
predictor.results = zip(predictor.results, image)
# Create a YOLO model instance
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
# Add the custom callback to the model
model.add_callback("on_predict_batch_end", on_predict_batch_end)
# Iterate through the results and frames
for result, frame in model.predict(): # or model.track()
pass
```
## All callbacks
Here are all supported callbacks. See callbacks [source code](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/callbacks/base.py) for additional details.
### Trainer Callbacks
| Callback | Description |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `on_pretrain_routine_start` | Triggered at the beginning of pre-training routine |
| `on_pretrain_routine_end` | Triggered at the end of pre-training routine |
| `on_train_start` | Triggered when the training starts |
| `on_train_epoch_start` | Triggered at the start of each training [epoch](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/epoch) |
| `on_train_batch_start` | Triggered at the start of each training batch |
| `optimizer_step` | Triggered during the optimizer step |
| `on_before_zero_grad` | Triggered before gradients are zeroed |
| `on_train_batch_end` | Triggered at the end of each training batch |
| `on_train_epoch_end` | Triggered at the end of each training epoch |
| `on_fit_epoch_end` | Triggered at the end of each fit epoch |
| `on_model_save` | Triggered when the model is saved |
| `on_train_end` | Triggered when the training process ends |
| `on_params_update` | Triggered when model parameters are updated |
| `teardown` | Triggered when the training process is being cleaned up |
### Validator Callbacks
| Callback | Description |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| `on_val_start` | Triggered when the validation starts |
| `on_val_batch_start` | Triggered at the start of each validation batch |
| `on_val_batch_end` | Triggered at the end of each validation batch |
| `on_val_end` | Triggered when the validation ends |
### Predictor Callbacks
| Callback | Description |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| `on_predict_start` | Triggered when the prediction process starts |
| `on_predict_batch_start` | Triggered at the start of each prediction batch |
| `on_predict_postprocess_end` | Triggered at the end of prediction postprocessing |
| `on_predict_batch_end` | Triggered at the end of each prediction batch |
| `on_predict_end` | Triggered when the prediction process ends |
### Exporter Callbacks
| Callback | Description |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `on_export_start` | Triggered when the export process starts |
| `on_export_end` | Triggered when the export process ends |
## FAQ
### What are Ultralytics callbacks and how can I use them?
**Ultralytics callbacks** are specialized entry points triggered during key stages of model operations like training, validation, exporting, and prediction. These callbacks allow for custom functionality at specific points in the process, enabling enhancements and modifications to the workflow. Each callback accepts a `Trainer`, `Validator`, or `Predictor` object, depending on the operation type. For detailed properties of these objects, refer to the [Reference section](../reference/cfg/__init__.md).
To use a callback, you can define a function and then add it to the model with the `add_callback` method. Here's an example of how to return additional information during prediction:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_predict_batch_end(predictor):
"""Handle prediction batch end by combining results with corresponding frames; modifies predictor results."""
_, image, _, _ = predictor.batch
image = image if isinstance(image, list) else [image]
predictor.results = zip(predictor.results, image)
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
model.add_callback("on_predict_batch_end", on_predict_batch_end)
for result, frame in model.predict():
pass
```
### How can I customize Ultralytics training routine using callbacks?
To customize your Ultralytics training routine using callbacks, you can inject your logic at specific stages of the training process. Ultralytics YOLO provides a variety of training callbacks such as `on_train_start`, `on_train_end`, and `on_train_batch_end`. These allow you to add custom metrics, processing, or logging.
Here's an example of how to log additional metrics at the end of each training epoch:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_train_epoch_end(trainer):
"""Custom logic for additional metrics logging at the end of each training epoch."""
additional_metric = compute_additional_metric(trainer)
trainer.log({"additional_metric": additional_metric})
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
model.add_callback("on_train_epoch_end", on_train_epoch_end)
model.train(data="coco.yaml", epochs=10)
```
Refer to the [Training Guide](../modes/train.md) for more details on how to effectively use training callbacks.
### Why should I use callbacks during validation in Ultralytics YOLO?
Using **callbacks during validation** in Ultralytics YOLO can enhance model evaluation by allowing custom processing, logging, or metrics calculation. Callbacks such as `on_val_start`, `on_val_batch_end`, and `on_val_end` provide entry points to inject custom logic, ensuring detailed and comprehensive validation processes.
For instance, you might want to log additional validation metrics or save intermediate results for further analysis. Here's an example of how to log custom metrics at the end of validation:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_val_end(validator):
"""Log custom metrics at end of validation."""
custom_metric = compute_custom_metric(validator)
validator.log({"custom_metric": custom_metric})
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
model.add_callback("on_val_end", on_val_end)
model.val(data="coco.yaml")
```
Check out the [Validation Guide](../modes/val.md) for further insights on incorporating callbacks into your validation process.
### How do I attach a custom callback for the prediction mode in Ultralytics YOLO?
To attach a custom callback for the **prediction mode** in Ultralytics YOLO, you define a callback function and register it with the prediction process. Common prediction callbacks include `on_predict_start`, `on_predict_batch_end`, and `on_predict_end`. These allow for modification of prediction outputs and integration of additional functionalities like data logging or result transformation.
Here is an example where a custom callback is used to log predictions:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_predict_end(predictor):
"""Log predictions at the end of prediction."""
for result in predictor.results:
log_prediction(result)
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
model.add_callback("on_predict_end", on_predict_end)
results = model.predict(source="image.jpg")
```
For more comprehensive usage, refer to the [Prediction Guide](../modes/predict.md) which includes detailed instructions and additional customization options.
### What are some practical examples of using callbacks in Ultralytics YOLO?
Ultralytics YOLO supports various practical implementations of callbacks to enhance and customize different phases like training, validation, and prediction. Some practical examples include:
1. **Logging Custom Metrics**: Log additional metrics at different stages, such as the end of training or validation epochs.
2. **[Data Augmentation](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/data-augmentation)**: Implement custom data transformations or augmentations during prediction or training batches.
3. **Intermediate Results**: Save intermediate results such as predictions or frames for further analysis or visualization.
Example: Combining frames with prediction results during prediction using `on_predict_batch_end`:
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
def on_predict_batch_end(predictor):
"""Combine prediction results with frames."""
_, image, _, _ = predictor.batch
image = image if isinstance(image, list) else [image]
predictor.results = zip(predictor.results, image)
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
model.add_callback("on_predict_batch_end", on_predict_batch_end)
for result, frame in model.predict():
pass
```
Explore the [Complete Callback Reference](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/utils/callbacks/base.py) to find more options and examples.
docs/en/usage/cfg.md 0 → 100644
View file @ a74dc9a0
---
comments: true
description: Optimize your YOLO model's performance with the right settings and hyperparameters. Learn about training, validation, and prediction configurations.
keywords: YOLO, hyperparameters, configuration, training, validation, prediction, model settings, Ultralytics, performance optimization, machine learning
---
YOLO settings and hyperparameters play a critical role in the model's performance, speed, and [accuracy](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/accuracy). These settings and hyperparameters can affect the model's behavior at various stages of the model development process, including training, validation, and prediction.
<p align="center">
<br>
<iframe loading="lazy" width="720" height="405" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GsXGnb-A4Kc?start=87"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"
allowfullscreen>
</iframe>
<br>
<strong>Watch:</strong> Mastering Ultralytics YOLO: Configuration
</p>
Ultralytics commands use the following syntax:
!!! example
=== "CLI"
```bash
yolo TASK MODE ARGS
```
=== "Python"
```python
from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a YOLO11 model from a pre-trained weights file
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
# Run MODE mode using the custom arguments ARGS (guess TASK)
model.MODE(ARGS)
```
Where:
- `TASK` (optional) is one of ([detect](../tasks/detect.md), [segment](../tasks/segment.md), [classify](../tasks/classify.md), [pose](../tasks/pose.md), [obb](../tasks/obb.md))
- `MODE` (required) is one of ([train](../modes/train.md), [val](../modes/val.md), [predict](../modes/predict.md), [export](../modes/export.md), [track](../modes/track.md), [benchmark](../modes/benchmark.md))
- `ARGS` (optional) are `arg=value` pairs like `imgsz=640` that override defaults.
Default `ARG` values are defined on this page from the `cfg/defaults.yaml` [file](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/default.yaml).
#### Tasks
YOLO models can be used for a variety of tasks, including detection, segmentation, classification and pose. These tasks differ in the type of output they produce and the specific problem they are designed to solve.
- **Detect**: For identifying and localizing objects or regions of interest in an image or video.
- **Segment**: For dividing an image or video into regions or pixels that correspond to different objects or classes.
- **Classify**: For predicting the class label of an input image.
- **Pose**: For identifying objects and estimating their keypoints in an image or video.
- **OBB**: Oriented (i.e. rotated) bounding boxes suitable for satellite or medical imagery.
| Argument | Default | Description |
| -------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `task` | `'detect'` | Specifies the YOLO task to be executed. Options include `detect` for [object detection](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/object-detection), `segment` for segmentation, `classify` for classification, `pose` for pose estimation and `obb` for oriented bounding boxes. Each task is tailored to specific types of output and problems within image and video analysis. |
[Tasks Guide](../tasks/index.md){ .md-button }
#### Modes
YOLO models can be used in different modes depending on the specific problem you are trying to solve. These modes include:
- **Train**: For training a YOLO11 model on a custom dataset.
- **Val**: For validating a YOLO11 model after it has been trained.
- **Predict**: For making predictions using a trained YOLO11 model on new images or videos.
- **Export**: For exporting a YOLO11 model to a format that can be used for deployment.
- **Track**: For tracking objects in real-time using a YOLO11 model.
- **Benchmark**: For benchmarking YOLO11 exports (ONNX, TensorRT, etc.) speed and accuracy.
| Argument | Default | Description |
| -------- | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `mode` | `'train'` | Specifies the mode in which the YOLO model operates. Options are `train` for model training, `val` for validation, `predict` for inference on new data, `export` for model conversion to deployment formats, `track` for object tracking, and `benchmark` for performance evaluation. Each mode is designed for different stages of the model lifecycle, from development through deployment. |
[Modes Guide](../modes/index.md){ .md-button }
## Train Settings
The training settings for YOLO models encompass various hyperparameters and configurations used during the training process. These settings influence the model's performance, speed, and accuracy. Key training settings include batch size, [learning rate](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/learning-rate), momentum, and weight decay. Additionally, the choice of optimizer, [loss function](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/loss-function), and training dataset composition can impact the training process. Careful tuning and experimentation with these settings are crucial for optimizing performance.
{% include "macros/train-args.md" %}
!!! info "Note on Batch-size Settings"
The `batch` argument can be configured in three ways:
- **Fixed [Batch Size](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/batch-size)**: Set an integer value (e.g., `batch=16`), specifying the number of images per batch directly.
- **Auto Mode (60% GPU Memory)**: Use `batch=-1` to automatically adjust batch size for approximately 60% CUDA memory utilization.
- **Auto Mode with Utilization Fraction**: Set a fraction value (e.g., `batch=0.70`) to adjust batch size based on the specified fraction of GPU memory usage.
[Train Guide](../modes/train.md){ .md-button }
## Predict Settings
The prediction settings for YOLO models encompass a range of hyperparameters and configurations that influence the model's performance, speed, and accuracy during inference on new data. Careful tuning and experimentation with these settings are essential to achieve optimal performance for a specific task. Key settings include the confidence threshold, Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) threshold, and the number of classes considered. Additional factors affecting the prediction process are input data size and format, the presence of supplementary features such as masks or multiple labels per box, and the particular task the model is employed for.
Inference arguments:
{% include "macros/predict-args.md" %}
Visualization arguments:
{% include "macros/visualization-args.md" %}
[Predict Guide](../modes/predict.md){ .md-button }
## Validation Settings
The val (validation) settings for YOLO models involve various hyperparameters and configurations used to evaluate the model's performance on a validation dataset. These settings influence the model's performance, speed, and accuracy. Common YOLO validation settings include batch size, validation frequency during training, and performance evaluation metrics. Other factors affecting the validation process include the validation dataset's size and composition, as well as the specific task the model is employed for.
{% include "macros/validation-args.md" %}
Careful tuning and experimentation with these settings are crucial to ensure optimal performance on the validation dataset and detect and prevent [overfitting](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/overfitting).
[Val Guide](../modes/val.md){ .md-button }
## Export Settings
Export settings for YOLO models encompass configurations and options related to saving or exporting the model for use in different environments or platforms. These settings can impact the model's performance, size, and compatibility with various systems. Key export settings include the exported model file format (e.g., ONNX, TensorFlow SavedModel), the target device (e.g., CPU, GPU), and additional features such as masks or multiple labels per box. The export process may also be affected by the model's specific task and the requirements or constraints of the destination environment or platform.
{% include "macros/export-args.md" %}
It is crucial to thoughtfully configure these settings to ensure the exported model is optimized for the intended use case and functions effectively in the target environment.
[Export Guide](../modes/export.md){ .md-button }
## Augmentation Settings
Augmentation techniques are essential for improving the robustness and performance of YOLO models by introducing variability into the [training data](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/training-data), helping the model generalize better to unseen data. The following table outlines the purpose and effect of each augmentation argument:
{% include "macros/augmentation-args.md" %}
These settings can be adjusted to meet the specific requirements of the dataset and task at hand. Experimenting with different values can help find the optimal augmentation strategy that leads to the best model performance.
## Logging, Checkpoints and Plotting Settings
Logging, checkpoints, plotting, and file management are important considerations when training a YOLO model.
- Logging: It is often helpful to log various metrics and statistics during training to track the model's progress and diagnose any issues that may arise. This can be done using a logging library such as TensorBoard or by writing log messages to a file.
- Checkpoints: It is a good practice to save checkpoints of the model at regular intervals during training. This allows you to resume training from a previous point if the training process is interrupted or if you want to experiment with different training configurations.
- Plotting: Visualizing the model's performance and training progress can be helpful for understanding how the model is behaving and identifying potential issues. This can be done using a plotting library such as matplotlib or by generating plots using a logging library such as TensorBoard.
- File management: Managing the various files generated during the training process, such as model checkpoints, log files, and plots, can be challenging. It is important to have a clear and organized file structure to keep track of these files and make it easy to access and analyze them as needed.
Effective logging, checkpointing, plotting, and file management can help you keep track of the model's progress and make it easier to debug and optimize the training process.
| Argument | Default | Description |
| ---------- | -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `project` | `'runs'` | Specifies the root directory for saving training runs. Each run will be saved in a separate subdirectory within this directory. |
| `name` | `'exp'` | Defines the name of the experiment. If not specified, YOLO automatically increments this name for each run, e.g., `exp`, `exp2`, etc., to avoid overwriting previous experiments. |
| `exist_ok` | `False` | Determines whether to overwrite an existing experiment directory if one with the same name already exists. Setting this to `True` allows overwriting, while `False` prevents it. |
| `plots` | `False` | Controls the generation and saving of training and validation plots. Set to `True` to create plots such as loss curves, [precision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/precision)-[recall](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/recall) curves, and sample predictions. Useful for visually tracking model performance over time. |
| `save` | `False` | Enables the saving of training checkpoints and final model weights. Set to `True` to periodically save model states, allowing training to be resumed from these checkpoints or models to be deployed. |
## FAQ
### How do I improve the performance of my YOLO model during training?
Improving YOLO model performance involves tuning hyperparameters like batch size, learning rate, momentum, and weight decay. Adjusting augmentation settings, selecting the right optimizer, and employing techniques like early stopping or [mixed precision](https://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/mixed-precision) can also help. For detailed guidance on training settings, refer to the [Train Guide](../modes/train.md).
### What are the key hyperparameters to consider for YOLO model accuracy?
Key hyperparameters affecting YOLO model accuracy include:
- **Batch Size (`batch`)**: Larger batch sizes can stabilize training but may require more memory.
- **Learning Rate (`lr0`)**: Controls the step size for weight updates; smaller rates offer fine adjustments but slow convergence.
- **Momentum (`momentum`)**: Helps accelerate gradient vectors in the right directions, dampening oscillations.
- **Image Size (`imgsz`)**: Larger image sizes can improve accuracy but increase computational load.
Adjust these values based on your dataset and hardware capabilities. Explore more in the [Train Settings](#train-settings) section.
### How do I set the learning rate for training a YOLO model?
The learning rate (`lr0`) is crucial for optimization. A common starting point is `0.01` for SGD or `0.001` for Adam. It's essential to monitor training metrics and adjust if necessary. Use cosine learning rate schedulers (`cos_lr`) or warmup techniques (`warmup_epochs`, `warmup_momentum`) to dynamically modify the rate during training. Find more details in the [Train Guide](../modes/train.md).
### What are the default inference settings for YOLO models?
Default inference settings include:
- **Confidence Threshold (`conf=0.25`)**: Minimum confidence for detections.
- **IoU Threshold (`iou=0.7`)**: For Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS).
- **Image Size (`imgsz=640`)**: Resizes input images prior to inference.
- **Device (`device=None`)**: Selects CPU or GPU for inference.
For a comprehensive overview, visit the [Predict Settings](#predict-settings) section and the [Predict Guide](../modes/predict.md).
### Why should I use mixed precision training with YOLO models?
Mixed precision training, enabled with `amp=True`, helps reduce memory usage and can speed up training by utilizing the advantages of both FP16 and FP32. This is beneficial for modern GPUs, which support mixed precision natively, allowing more models to fit in memory and enable faster computations without significant loss in accuracy. Learn more about this in the [Train Guide](../modes/train.md).
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