"""
Copyright 2020 Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
"""

import argparse
import sys
from datetime import datetime
from itertools import repeat
from multiprocessing import Pool
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Sequence

import numpy as np
import SimpleITK as sitk
from hydra.experimental import initialize_config_module
from loguru import logger
from scipy import ndimage
from scipy.ndimage import label
from tqdm import tqdm

from nndet.core.boxes import box_size_np
from nndet.io import get_case_ids_from_dir, load_json, save_json
from nndet.io.transforms.instances import get_bbox_np
from nndet.io.itk import copy_meta_data_itk, load_sitk, load_sitk_as_array
from nndet.utils.config import compose
from nndet.utils.check import env_guard


def prepare_detection_label(case_id: str,
                            label_dir: Path,
                            things_classes: Sequence[int],
                            stuff_classes: Sequence[int],
                            min_size: float = 0,
                            min_vol: float = 0,
                            ):
    if (label_dir / f"{case_id}.json").is_file():
            logger.info(f"Found existing case {case_id} -> skipping")
            return
    logger.info(f"Processing {case_id}")
    seg_itk = load_sitk(label_dir / f"{case_id}.nii.gz")
    spacing = np.asarray(seg_itk.GetSpacing())[::-1]
    seg = sitk.GetArrayFromImage(seg_itk)

    # prepare stuff information
    stuff_seg = np.zeros_like(seg)
    if stuff_classes:
        for new_class, old_class in enumerate(stuff_classes, start=1):
            stuff_seg[seg == old_class] = new_class
        stuff_seg_itk = sitk.GetImageFromArray(stuff_seg)
        stuff_seg_itk.SetOrigin(seg_itk.GetOrigin())
        stuff_seg_itk.SetDirection(seg_itk.GetDirection())
        stuff_seg_itk.SetSpacing(seg_itk.GetSpacing())

        sitk.WriteImage(stuff_seg_itk, str(label_dir / f"{case_id}_stuff.nii.gz"))

    # prepare things information
    structure = np.ones([3] * seg.ndim)
    things_seg = np.copy(seg)
    things_seg[stuff_seg > 0] = 0  # remove all stuff classes from segmentation

    instances_not_filtered, _ = label(things_seg, structure=structure)
    final_mapping = {}
    if instances_not_filtered.max() > 0:
        boxes = get_bbox_np(instances_not_filtered[None])["boxes"]
        box_sizes = box_size_np(boxes)

        instance_ids = np.unique(instances_not_filtered)
        instance_ids = instance_ids[instance_ids > 0]

        assert len(instance_ids) == len(boxes)
        isotopic_axis = list(range(seg.ndim))
        isotopic_axis.pop(np.argmax(spacing))
        instances = np.zeros_like(instances_not_filtered)

        start_id = 1
        for iid, bsize in zip(instance_ids, box_sizes):
            bsize_world = bsize * spacing
            instance_mask = (instances_not_filtered == iid)
            instance_vol = instance_mask.sum()

            if all(bsize_world[isotopic_axis] > min_size) and (instance_vol > min_vol):
                instances[instance_mask] = start_id

                single_idx = np.argwhere(instance_mask)[0]
                semantic_class = int(seg[tuple(single_idx)])
                final_mapping[start_id] = things_classes.index(semantic_class)

                start_id += 1
    else:
        instances = np.zeros_like(instances_not_filtered)

    final_instances_itk = sitk.GetImageFromArray(instances)
    final_instances_itk.SetOrigin(seg_itk.GetOrigin())
    final_instances_itk.SetDirection(seg_itk.GetDirection())
    final_instances_itk.SetSpacing(seg_itk.GetSpacing())

    sitk.WriteImage(final_instances_itk, str(label_dir / f"{case_id}.nii.gz"))
    save_json({"instances": final_mapping}, label_dir / f"{case_id}.json")

    sitk.WriteImage(seg_itk, str(label_dir / f"{case_id}_orig.nii.gz"))


@env_guard
def main():
    """
    This script converts a semantic segmentation dataset into an instance
    segmentation dataset by using connected components on the labels.
    To account for separated pixels inside the annotations only annotations
    with a specified minimal size are converted into objects.
    
    The data needs to be in the same format as in nnunet: images
    stay the same, labels will be semantic segmentations.

    ============================================================================
    ================================IMPORTANT==================================+
    ============================================================================  
    Needs additional information from dataset.json/.yaml:
        `seg2det_stuff`: these are classes which are interpreted semantically
        `seg2det_things`: these are classes which are interpreted as instances
         Both entries should be lists with the indices of the respective
         classes where the position will determine its new class
         e.g.
            `seg2det_stuff`: [2,] -> remap class 2 from semantic segmentation
                to new stuff class 1 (stuff classes start at one)
            `seg2det_things`: [1, 3] -> remap class 1 and 3 from semantic
                segmentation to new things classes 0 and 1, respectively
            `min_size`: minimum size in mm of objects in the isotropic axis (default 0)
            `min_vol`: minimum volume of instances in pixels (default 0)
    ============================================================================

    The segmentation labels will be splitted into things (classes to detect)
    and  stuff classes (additional segmentation labels) and will be saved
    as separate files.
    """
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('tasks', type=str, nargs='+',
                        help="Single or multiple task identifiers to process consecutively",
                        )
    parser.add_argument('--overwrite', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('-o', '--overwrites', type=str, nargs='+',
                        help="overwrites for config file",
                        required=False,
                        )
    parser.add_argument('--volume_ranking',
                        help="Create a ranking of instances based on their volume",
                        action='store_true',
                        )
    parser.add_argument('--num_processes', type=int, default=4, required=False,
                        help="Number of processes to use for conversion. Default 4.")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    tasks = args.tasks
    ov = args.overwrites
    overwrite = args.overwrite
    do_volume_ranking = args.volume_ranking
    num_processes = args.num_processes
    initialize_config_module(config_module="nndet.conf")

    for task in tasks:
        cfg = compose(task, "config.yaml", overrides=ov if ov is not None else [])
        print(cfg.pretty())

        splitted_dir = Path(cfg["host"]["splitted_4d_output_dir"])

        logger.remove()
        logger.add(sys.stdout, level="INFO")
        logger.add(splitted_dir / "convert_seg2det.log", level="DEBUG")
        logger.info(f"+++++ Running covnersion: {datetime.now()} +++++")
        logger.info(f"Running min_size {cfg['data'].get('min_size', 0)} and "
                    f"min_vol {cfg['data'].get('min_vol', 0)}")

        for postfix in ["Tr", "Ts"]:
            label_dir = splitted_dir / f"labels{postfix}"
            case_ids = [f.name[:-7] for f in label_dir.glob("*.nii.gz")]
            logger.info(f"Found {len(case_ids)} cases for conversion with postfix {postfix}.")

            # for cid in case_ids:
            #     prepare_detection_label(case_id=cid,
            #                             label_dir=label_dir,
            #                             stuff_classes=cfg["data"]["seg2det_stuff"],
            #                             things_classes=cfg["data"]["seg2det_things"],
            #                             min_size=cfg["data"].get("min_size", 0),
            #                             min_vol=cfg["data"].get("min_vol", 0),
            #                             )

            with Pool(processes=num_processes) as p:
                p.starmap(prepare_detection_label, zip(
                    case_ids,
                    repeat(label_dir),
                    repeat(cfg["data"]["seg2det_things"]),
                    repeat(cfg["data"]["seg2det_stuff"]),
                    repeat(cfg["data"].get("min_size", 0)),
                    repeat(cfg["data"].get("min_vol", 0)),
                ))

        if do_volume_ranking:
            for postfix in ["Tr", "Ts"]:
                if (label_dir := splitted_dir / f"labels{postfix}").is_dir():
                    ranking = []
                    for case_id in tqdm([f.stem for f in label_dir.glob("*.json")]):
                        instances = load_sitk_as_array(label_dir / f"{case_id}.nii.gz")[0]
                        instance_ids, instance_counts = np.unique(instances, return_counts=True)
                        cps = [np.argwhere(instances == iid)[0].tolist() for iid in instance_ids[1:]]
                        assert len(instance_ids) - 1 == len(cps)
                        tmp = [{"case_id": str(case_id), "instance_id": int(iid),
                                "vol": int(vol), "cp": list(cp)[::-1]}
                               for iid, vol, cp in zip(instance_ids[1:], instance_counts[1:], cps)]
                        ranking.extend(tmp)
                    ranking = sorted(ranking, key=lambda x: x["vol"])
                    save_json(ranking, splitted_dir / f"volume_ranking_{postfix}.json")
                else:
                    logger.info(f"Did not find dir {label_dir} for volume ranking")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()