Split gmock-matchers_test into 4 smaller test #3653

The one large test does not link in limited memory environments

Closes #3653

PiperOrigin-RevId: 436753193
Change-Id: Idd59b6509994fc642147b88279ee791cd1d7bdd0

googlemock/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -151,7 +151,10 @@ if (gmock_build_tests)
   cxx_test(gmock_ex_test gmock_main)
   cxx_test(gmock-function-mocker_test gmock_main)
   cxx_test(gmock-internal-utils_test gmock_main)
-  cxx_test(gmock-matchers_test gmock_main)
+  cxx_test(gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test gmock_main)
+  cxx_test(gmock-matchers-comparisons_test gmock_main)
+  cxx_test(gmock-matchers-containers_test gmock_main)
+  cxx_test(gmock-matchers-misc_test gmock_main)
   cxx_test(gmock-more-actions_test gmock_main)
   cxx_test(gmock-nice-strict_test gmock_main)
   cxx_test(gmock-port_test gmock_main)

googlemock/test/BUILD.bazel

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ licenses(["notice"])
 cc_test(
     name = "gmock_all_test",
     size = "small",
-    srcs = glob(include = ["gmock-*.cc"]),
+    srcs = glob(include = ["gmock-*.cc"]) + ["gmock-matchers_test.h"],
     linkopts = select({
         "//:qnx": [],
         "//:windows": [],

googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc

+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
+
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#endif
+
+#include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace gmock_matchers_test {
+namespace {
+
+typedef ::std::tuple<long, int> Tuple2;  // NOLINT
+
+// Tests that Eq() matches a 2-tuple where the first field == the
+// second field.
+TEST(Eq2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Eq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Eq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Eq2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Eq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ge() matches a 2-tuple where the first field >= the
+// second field.
+TEST(Ge2Test, MatchesGreaterThanOrEqualArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Ge();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 4)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ge() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Ge2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Ge();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are a pair where the first >= the second", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Gt() matches a 2-tuple where the first field > the
+// second field.
+TEST(Gt2Test, MatchesGreaterThanArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Gt();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 4)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Gt() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Gt2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Gt();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are a pair where the first > the second", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Le() matches a 2-tuple where the first field <= the
+// second field.
+TEST(Le2Test, MatchesLessThanOrEqualArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Le();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 4)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Le() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Le2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Le();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are a pair where the first <= the second", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Lt() matches a 2-tuple where the first field < the
+// second field.
+TEST(Lt2Test, MatchesLessThanArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Lt();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 4)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Lt() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Lt2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Lt();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are a pair where the first < the second", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ne() matches a 2-tuple where the first field != the
+// second field.
+TEST(Ne2Test, MatchesUnequalArguments) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Ne();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 6)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 4)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple2(5L, 5)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ne() describes itself properly.
+TEST(Ne2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const Tuple2&> m = Ne();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an unequal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(PairMatchBaseTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+  using Pointers = std::tuple<std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int>>;
+  Matcher<Pointers> matcher = Eq();
+  Pointers pointers;
+  // Tested values don't matter; the point is that matcher does not copy the
+  // matched values.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches(pointers));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() matches a NaN, with float.
+TEST(IsNan, FloatMatchesNan) {
+  float quiet_nan = std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+  float other_nan = std::nanf("1");
+  float real_value = 1.0f;
+
+  Matcher<float> m = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<float&> m_ref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_ref.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<const float&> m_cref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_cref.Matches(real_value));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() matches a NaN, with double.
+TEST(IsNan, DoubleMatchesNan) {
+  double quiet_nan = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+  double other_nan = std::nan("1");
+  double real_value = 1.0;
+
+  Matcher<double> m = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<double&> m_ref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_ref.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<const double&> m_cref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_cref.Matches(real_value));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() matches a NaN, with long double.
+TEST(IsNan, LongDoubleMatchesNan) {
+  long double quiet_nan = std::numeric_limits<long double>::quiet_NaN();
+  long double other_nan = std::nan("1");
+  long double real_value = 1.0;
+
+  Matcher<long double> m = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<long double&> m_ref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_ref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_ref.Matches(real_value));
+
+  Matcher<const long double&> m_cref = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(quiet_nan));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_cref.Matches(other_nan));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_cref.Matches(real_value));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() works with Not.
+TEST(IsNan, NotMatchesNan) {
+  Matcher<float> mf = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf.Matches(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf.Matches(std::nanf("1")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mf.Matches(1.0));
+
+  Matcher<double> md = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(md.Matches(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(md.Matches(std::nan("1")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(md.Matches(1.0));
+
+  Matcher<long double> mld = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mld.Matches(std::numeric_limits<long double>::quiet_NaN()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mld.Matches(std::nanl("1")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mld.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() can describe itself.
+TEST(IsNan, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<float> mf = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(mf));
+
+  Matcher<double> md = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(md));
+
+  Matcher<long double> mld = IsNan();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(mld));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNan() can describe itself with Not.
+TEST(IsNan, CanDescribeSelfWithNot) {
+  Matcher<float> mf = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", Describe(mf));
+
+  Matcher<double> md = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", Describe(md));
+
+  Matcher<long double> mld = Not(IsNan());
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", Describe(mld));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(FloatEq2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = FloatEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(0.3f, 0.1f + 0.1f + 0.1f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(FloatEq2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<float, float>&> m = FloatEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveFloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatEqTest, MatchesEqualArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveFloatEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatEqTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<float, float>&> m = NanSensitiveFloatEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(DoubleEq2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = DoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(0.3, 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1, 1.0)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(DoubleEq2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<double, double>&> m = DoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveDoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleEqTest, MatchesEqualArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleEqTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<double, double>&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+TEST(FloatNear2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = FloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.3f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.8f, 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(FloatNear2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<float, float>&> m = FloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatNear() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveFloatNear(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatNearTest, MatchesNearbyArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveFloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.6f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatNearTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<float, float>&> m = NanSensitiveFloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+TEST(DoubleNear2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = DoubleNear(0.5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.3, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.8, 1.0)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(DoubleNear2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<double, double>&> m = DoubleNear(0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleNear() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveDoubleNear(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleNearTest, MatchesNearbyArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.6f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleNearTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::tuple<double, double>&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Not(m) matches any value that doesn't match m.
+TEST(NotTest, NegatesMatcher) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = Not(Eq(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(2));
+}
+
+// Tests that Not(m) describes itself properly.
+TEST(NotTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Not(Eq(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that monomorphic matchers are safely cast by the Not matcher.
+TEST(NotTest, NotMatcherSafelyCastsMonomorphicMatchers) {
+  // greater_than_5 is a monomorphic matcher.
+  Matcher<int> greater_than_5 = Gt(5);
+
+  Matcher<const int&> m = Not(greater_than_5);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = Not(greater_than_5);
+  Matcher<int&> m3 = Not(m);
+}
+
+// Helper to allow easy testing of AllOf matchers with num parameters.
+void AllOfMatches(int num, const Matcher<int>& m) {
+  SCOPED_TRACE(Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(0));
+  for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(i));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(num + 1));
+}
+
+// Tests that AllOf(m1, ..., mn) matches any value that matches all of
+// the given matchers.
+TEST(AllOfTest, MatchesWhenAllMatch) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AllOf(Le(2), Ge(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(3));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+
+  m = AllOf(Ge(0), Lt(10), Ne(3), Ne(5), Ne(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(3));
+
+  // The following tests for varying number of sub-matchers. Due to the way
+  // the sub-matchers are handled it is enough to test every sub-matcher once
+  // with sub-matchers using the same matcher type. Varying matcher types are
+  // checked for above.
+  AllOfMatches(2, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2)));
+  AllOfMatches(3, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3)));
+  AllOfMatches(4, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4)));
+  AllOfMatches(5, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5)));
+  AllOfMatches(6, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6)));
+  AllOfMatches(7, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7)));
+  AllOfMatches(8,
+               AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8)));
+  AllOfMatches(
+      9, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8), Ne(9)));
+  AllOfMatches(10, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8),
+                         Ne(9), Ne(10)));
+  AllOfMatches(
+      50, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8), Ne(9),
+                Ne(10), Ne(11), Ne(12), Ne(13), Ne(14), Ne(15), Ne(16), Ne(17),
+                Ne(18), Ne(19), Ne(20), Ne(21), Ne(22), Ne(23), Ne(24), Ne(25),
+                Ne(26), Ne(27), Ne(28), Ne(29), Ne(30), Ne(31), Ne(32), Ne(33),
+                Ne(34), Ne(35), Ne(36), Ne(37), Ne(38), Ne(39), Ne(40), Ne(41),
+                Ne(42), Ne(43), Ne(44), Ne(45), Ne(46), Ne(47), Ne(48), Ne(49),
+                Ne(50)));
+}
+
+// Tests that AllOf(m1, ..., mn) describes itself properly.
+TEST(AllOfTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AllOf(Le(2), Ge(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is <= 2) and (is >= 1)", Describe(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2));
+  std::string expected_descr1 =
+      "(is > 0) and (isn't equal to 1) and (isn't equal to 2)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr1, Describe(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3));
+  std::string expected_descr2 =
+      "(is > 0) and (isn't equal to 1) and (isn't equal to 2) and (isn't equal "
+      "to 3)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr2, Describe(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Ge(0), Lt(10), Ne(3), Ne(5), Ne(7));
+  std::string expected_descr3 =
+      "(is >= 0) and (is < 10) and (isn't equal to 3) and (isn't equal to 5) "
+      "and (isn't equal to 7)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr3, Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that AllOf(m1, ..., mn) describes its negation properly.
+TEST(AllOfTest, CanDescribeNegation) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AllOf(Le(2), Ge(1));
+  std::string expected_descr4 = "(isn't <= 2) or (isn't >= 1)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr4, DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2));
+  std::string expected_descr5 =
+      "(isn't > 0) or (is equal to 1) or (is equal to 2)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr5, DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Gt(0), Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3));
+  std::string expected_descr6 =
+      "(isn't > 0) or (is equal to 1) or (is equal to 2) or (is equal to 3)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_descr6, DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Ge(0), Lt(10), Ne(3), Ne(5), Ne(7));
+  std::string expected_desr7 =
+      "(isn't >= 0) or (isn't < 10) or (is equal to 3) or (is equal to 5) or "
+      "(is equal to 7)";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_desr7, DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8), Ne(9),
+            Ne(10), Ne(11));
+  AllOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("and (isn't equal to 11)"));
+  AllOfMatches(11, m);
+}
+
+// Tests that monomorphic matchers are safely cast by the AllOf matcher.
+TEST(AllOfTest, AllOfMatcherSafelyCastsMonomorphicMatchers) {
+  // greater_than_5 and less_than_10 are monomorphic matchers.
+  Matcher<int> greater_than_5 = Gt(5);
+  Matcher<int> less_than_10 = Lt(10);
+
+  Matcher<const int&> m = AllOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = AllOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m3 = AllOf(greater_than_5, m2);
+
+  // Tests that BothOf works when composing itself.
+  Matcher<const int&> m4 = AllOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m5 = AllOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10, less_than_10);
+}
+
+TEST(AllOfTest, ExplainsResult) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+
+  // Successful match.  Both matchers need to explain.  The second
+  // matcher doesn't give an explanation, so only the first matcher's
+  // explanation is printed.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), Lt(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 15 more than 10", Explain(m, 25));
+
+  // Successful match.  Both matchers need to explain.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 20 more than 10, and which is 10 more than 20",
+            Explain(m, 30));
+
+  // Successful match.  All matchers need to explain.  The second
+  // matcher doesn't given an explanation.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), Lt(30), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 15 more than 10, and which is 5 more than 20",
+            Explain(m, 25));
+
+  // Successful match.  All matchers need to explain.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20), GreaterThan(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which is 30 more than 10, and which is 20 more than 20, "
+      "and which is 10 more than 30",
+      Explain(m, 40));
+
+  // Failed match.  The first matcher, which failed, needs to
+  // explain.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 less than 10", Explain(m, 5));
+
+  // Failed match.  The second matcher, which failed, needs to
+  // explain.  Since it doesn't given an explanation, nothing is
+  // printed.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), Lt(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 40));
+
+  // Failed match.  The second matcher, which failed, needs to
+  // explain.
+  m = AllOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 less than 20", Explain(m, 15));
+}
+
+// Helper to allow easy testing of AnyOf matchers with num parameters.
+static void AnyOfMatches(int num, const Matcher<int>& m) {
+  SCOPED_TRACE(Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+  for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(i));
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(num + 1));
+}
+
+static void AnyOfStringMatches(int num, const Matcher<std::string>& m) {
+  SCOPED_TRACE(Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::to_string(0)));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(std::to_string(i)));
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::to_string(num + 1)));
+}
+
+// Tests that AnyOf(m1, ..., mn) matches any value that matches at
+// least one of the given matchers.
+TEST(AnyOfTest, MatchesWhenAnyMatches) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AnyOf(Le(1), Ge(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(2));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(-1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2), Eq(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(-1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Le(0), Gt(10), 3, 5, 7);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(2));
+
+  // The following tests for varying number of sub-matchers. Due to the way
+  // the sub-matchers are handled it is enough to test every sub-matcher once
+  // with sub-matchers using the same matcher type. Varying matcher types are
+  // checked for above.
+  AnyOfMatches(2, AnyOf(1, 2));
+  AnyOfMatches(3, AnyOf(1, 2, 3));
+  AnyOfMatches(4, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4));
+  AnyOfMatches(5, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
+  AnyOfMatches(6, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6));
+  AnyOfMatches(7, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
+  AnyOfMatches(8, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8));
+  AnyOfMatches(9, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9));
+  AnyOfMatches(10, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));
+}
+
+// Tests the variadic version of the AnyOfMatcher.
+TEST(AnyOfTest, VariadicMatchesWhenAnyMatches) {
+  // Also make sure AnyOf is defined in the right namespace and does not depend
+  // on ADL.
+  Matcher<int> m = ::testing::AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("or (is equal to 11)"));
+  AnyOfMatches(11, m);
+  AnyOfMatches(50, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
+                         17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
+                         31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
+                         45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50));
+  AnyOfStringMatches(
+      50, AnyOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12",
+                "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22",
+                "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32",
+                "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42",
+                "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50"));
+}
+
+TEST(ConditionalTest, MatchesFirstIfCondition) {
+  Matcher<std::string> eq_red = Eq("red");
+  Matcher<std::string> ne_red = Ne("red");
+  Matcher<std::string> m = Conditional(true, eq_red, ne_red);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("red"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("green"));
+
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  StringMatchResultListener expected;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.MatchAndExplain("green", &listener));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq_red.MatchAndExplain("green", &expected));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), Eq(expected.str()));
+}
+
+TEST(ConditionalTest, MatchesSecondIfCondition) {
+  Matcher<std::string> eq_red = Eq("red");
+  Matcher<std::string> ne_red = Ne("red");
+  Matcher<std::string> m = Conditional(false, eq_red, ne_red);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("red"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("green"));
+
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  StringMatchResultListener expected;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.MatchAndExplain("red", &listener));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ne_red.MatchAndExplain("red", &expected));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), Eq(expected.str()));
+}
+
+// Tests that AnyOf(m1, ..., mn) describes itself properly.
+TEST(AnyOfTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AnyOf(Le(1), Ge(3));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is <= 1) or (is >= 3)", Describe(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is < 0) or (is equal to 1) or (is equal to 2)", Describe(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2), Eq(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is < 0) or (is equal to 1) or (is equal to 2) or (is equal to 3)",
+            Describe(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Le(0), Gt(10), 3, 5, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "(is <= 0) or (is > 10) or (is equal to 3) or (is equal to 5) or (is "
+      "equal to 7)",
+      Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that AnyOf(m1, ..., mn) describes its negation properly.
+TEST(AnyOfTest, CanDescribeNegation) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+  m = AnyOf(Le(1), Ge(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(isn't <= 1) and (isn't >= 3)", DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(isn't < 0) and (isn't equal to 1) and (isn't equal to 2)",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Lt(0), Eq(1), Eq(2), Eq(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "(isn't < 0) and (isn't equal to 1) and (isn't equal to 2) and (isn't "
+      "equal to 3)",
+      DescribeNegation(m));
+
+  m = AnyOf(Le(0), Gt(10), 3, 5, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "(isn't <= 0) and (isn't > 10) and (isn't equal to 3) and (isn't equal "
+      "to 5) and (isn't equal to 7)",
+      DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that monomorphic matchers are safely cast by the AnyOf matcher.
+TEST(AnyOfTest, AnyOfMatcherSafelyCastsMonomorphicMatchers) {
+  // greater_than_5 and less_than_10 are monomorphic matchers.
+  Matcher<int> greater_than_5 = Gt(5);
+  Matcher<int> less_than_10 = Lt(10);
+
+  Matcher<const int&> m = AnyOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = AnyOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m3 = AnyOf(greater_than_5, m2);
+
+  // Tests that EitherOf works when composing itself.
+  Matcher<const int&> m4 = AnyOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10, less_than_10);
+  Matcher<int&> m5 = AnyOf(greater_than_5, less_than_10, less_than_10);
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfTest, ExplainsResult) {
+  Matcher<int> m;
+
+  // Failed match.  Both matchers need to explain.  The second
+  // matcher doesn't give an explanation, so only the first matcher's
+  // explanation is printed.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), Lt(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 less than 10", Explain(m, 5));
+
+  // Failed match.  Both matchers need to explain.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 less than 10, and which is 15 less than 20",
+            Explain(m, 5));
+
+  // Failed match.  All matchers need to explain.  The second
+  // matcher doesn't given an explanation.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), Gt(20), GreaterThan(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 less than 10, and which is 25 less than 30",
+            Explain(m, 5));
+
+  // Failed match.  All matchers need to explain.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20), GreaterThan(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which is 5 less than 10, and which is 15 less than 20, "
+      "and which is 25 less than 30",
+      Explain(m, 5));
+
+  // Successful match.  The first matcher, which succeeded, needs to
+  // explain.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 more than 10", Explain(m, 15));
+
+  // Successful match.  The second matcher, which succeeded, needs to
+  // explain.  Since it doesn't given an explanation, nothing is
+  // printed.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(10), Lt(30));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 0));
+
+  // Successful match.  The second matcher, which succeeded, needs to
+  // explain.
+  m = AnyOf(GreaterThan(30), GreaterThan(20));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 5 more than 20", Explain(m, 25));
+}
+
+// The following predicate function and predicate functor are for
+// testing the Truly(predicate) matcher.
+
+// Returns non-zero if the input is positive.  Note that the return
+// type of this function is not bool.  It's OK as Truly() accepts any
+// unary function or functor whose return type can be implicitly
+// converted to bool.
+int IsPositive(double x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : 0; }
+
+// This functor returns true if the input is greater than the given
+// number.
+class IsGreaterThan {
+ public:
+  explicit IsGreaterThan(int threshold) : threshold_(threshold) {}
+
+  bool operator()(int n) const { return n > threshold_; }
+
+ private:
+  int threshold_;
+};
+
+// For testing Truly().
+const int foo = 0;
+
+// This predicate returns true if and only if the argument references foo and
+// has a zero value.
+bool ReferencesFooAndIsZero(const int& n) { return (&n == &foo) && (n == 0); }
+
+// Tests that Truly(predicate) matches what satisfies the given
+// predicate.
+TEST(TrulyTest, MatchesWhatSatisfiesThePredicate) {
+  Matcher<double> m = Truly(IsPositive);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(2.0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(-1.5));
+}
+
+// Tests that Truly(predicate_functor) works too.
+TEST(TrulyTest, CanBeUsedWithFunctor) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Truly(IsGreaterThan(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(4));
+}
+
+// A class that can be implicitly converted to bool.
+class ConvertibleToBool {
+ public:
+  explicit ConvertibleToBool(int number) : number_(number) {}
+  operator bool() const { return number_ != 0; }
+
+ private:
+  int number_;
+};
+
+ConvertibleToBool IsNotZero(int number) { return ConvertibleToBool(number); }
+
+// Tests that the predicate used in Truly() may return a class that's
+// implicitly convertible to bool, even when the class has no
+// operator!().
+TEST(TrulyTest, PredicateCanReturnAClassConvertibleToBool) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Truly(IsNotZero);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
+}
+
+// Tests that Truly(predicate) can describe itself properly.
+TEST(TrulyTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<double> m = Truly(IsPositive);
+  EXPECT_EQ("satisfies the given predicate", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Truly(predicate) works when the matcher takes its
+// argument by reference.
+TEST(TrulyTest, WorksForByRefArguments) {
+  Matcher<const int&> m = Truly(ReferencesFooAndIsZero);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(foo));
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(n));
+}
+
+// Tests that Truly(predicate) provides a helpful reason when it fails.
+TEST(TrulyTest, ExplainsFailures) {
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ExplainMatchResult(Truly(IsPositive), -1, &listener));
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener.str(), "didn't satisfy the given predicate");
+}
+
+// Tests that Matches(m) is a predicate satisfied by whatever that
+// matches matcher m.
+TEST(MatchesTest, IsSatisfiedByWhatMatchesTheMatcher) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(Ge(0))(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Matches(Eq('a'))('b'));
+}
+
+// Tests that Matches(m) works when the matcher takes its argument by
+// reference.
+TEST(MatchesTest, WorksOnByRefArguments) {
+  int m = 0, n = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(AllOf(Ref(n), Eq(0)))(n));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Matches(Ref(m))(n));
+}
+
+// Tests that a Matcher on non-reference type can be used in
+// Matches().
+TEST(MatchesTest, WorksWithMatcherOnNonRefType) {
+  Matcher<int> eq5 = Eq(5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Matches(eq5)(5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Matches(eq5)(2));
+}
+
+// Tests Value(value, matcher).  Since Value() is a simple wrapper for
+// Matches(), which has been tested already, we don't spend a lot of
+// effort on testing Value().
+TEST(ValueTest, WorksWithPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Value("hi", StartsWith("h")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Value(5, Gt(10)));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueTest, WorksWithMonomorphicMatcher) {
+  const Matcher<int> is_zero = Eq(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Value(0, is_zero));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Value('a', is_zero));
+
+  int n = 0;
+  const Matcher<const int&> ref_n = Ref(n);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Value(n, ref_n));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Value(1, ref_n));
+}
+
+TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksForTuple) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(1, 2L), AllArgs(Lt()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(2L, 1), Not(AllArgs(Lt())));
+}
+
+TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksForNonTuple) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(42, AllArgs(Gt(0)));
+  EXPECT_THAT('a', Not(AllArgs(Eq('b'))));
+}
+
+class AllArgsHelper {
+ public:
+  AllArgsHelper() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD2(Helper, int(char x, int y));
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AllArgsHelper);
+};
+
+TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksInWithClause) {
+  AllArgsHelper helper;
+  ON_CALL(helper, Helper(_, _)).With(AllArgs(Lt())).WillByDefault(Return(1));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Helper(_, _));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Helper(_, _)).With(AllArgs(Gt())).WillOnce(Return(2));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, helper.Helper('\1', 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, helper.Helper('a', 1));
+}
+
+class OptionalMatchersHelper {
+ public:
+  OptionalMatchersHelper() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD0(NoArgs, int());
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(OneArg, int(int y));
+
+  MOCK_METHOD2(TwoArgs, int(char x, int y));
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Overloaded, int(char x));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(Overloaded, int(char x, int y));
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OptionalMatchersHelper);
+};
+
+TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksWithoutMatchers) {
+  OptionalMatchersHelper helper;
+
+  ON_CALL(helper, NoArgs).WillByDefault(Return(10));
+  ON_CALL(helper, OneArg).WillByDefault(Return(20));
+  ON_CALL(helper, TwoArgs).WillByDefault(Return(30));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, helper.NoArgs());
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, helper.OneArg(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, helper.TwoArgs('\1', 2));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, NoArgs).Times(1);
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, OneArg).WillOnce(Return(100));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, OneArg(17)).WillOnce(Return(200));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, TwoArgs).Times(0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, helper.NoArgs());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, helper.OneArg(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(200, helper.OneArg(17));
+}
+
+// Tests floating-point matchers.
+template <typename RawType>
+class FloatingPointTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  typedef testing::internal::FloatingPoint<RawType> Floating;
+  typedef typename Floating::Bits Bits;
+
+  FloatingPointTest()
+      : max_ulps_(Floating::kMaxUlps),
+        zero_bits_(Floating(0).bits()),
+        one_bits_(Floating(1).bits()),
+        infinity_bits_(Floating(Floating::Infinity()).bits()),
+        close_to_positive_zero_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ / 2)),
+        close_to_negative_zero_(
+            -Floating::ReinterpretBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ - max_ulps_ / 2)),
+        further_from_negative_zero_(-Floating::ReinterpretBits(
+            zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ + 1 - max_ulps_ / 2)),
+        close_to_one_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_)),
+        further_from_one_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_ + 1)),
+        infinity_(Floating::Infinity()),
+        close_to_infinity_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_)),
+        further_from_infinity_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_ - 1)),
+        max_(Floating::Max()),
+        nan1_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 1)),
+        nan2_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 200)) {}
+
+  void TestSize() { EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(RawType), sizeof(Bits)); }
+
+  // A battery of tests for FloatingEqMatcher::Matches.
+  // matcher_maker is a pointer to a function which creates a FloatingEqMatcher.
+  void TestMatches(
+      testing::internal::FloatingEqMatcher<RawType> (*matcher_maker)(RawType)) {
+    Matcher<RawType> m1 = matcher_maker(0.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(close_to_positive_zero_));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(close_to_negative_zero_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(1.0));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m2 = matcher_maker(close_to_positive_zero_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(further_from_negative_zero_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m3 = matcher_maker(1.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(close_to_one_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(further_from_one_));
+
+    // Test commutativity: matcher_maker(0.0).Matches(1.0) was tested above.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(0.0));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m4 = matcher_maker(-infinity_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(-close_to_infinity_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m5 = matcher_maker(infinity_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m5.Matches(close_to_infinity_));
+
+    // This is interesting as the representations of infinity_ and nan1_
+    // are only 1 DLP apart.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m5.Matches(nan1_));
+
+    // matcher_maker can produce a Matcher<const RawType&>, which is needed in
+    // some cases.
+    Matcher<const RawType&> m6 = matcher_maker(0.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m6.Matches(-0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m6.Matches(close_to_positive_zero_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m6.Matches(1.0));
+
+    // matcher_maker can produce a Matcher<RawType&>, which is needed in some
+    // cases.
+    Matcher<RawType&> m7 = matcher_maker(0.0);
+    RawType x = 0.0;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m7.Matches(x));
+    x = 0.01f;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m7.Matches(x));
+  }
+
+  // Pre-calculated numbers to be used by the tests.
+
+  const Bits max_ulps_;
+
+  const Bits zero_bits_;      // The bits that represent 0.0.
+  const Bits one_bits_;       // The bits that represent 1.0.
+  const Bits infinity_bits_;  // The bits that represent +infinity.
+
+  // Some numbers close to 0.0.
+  const RawType close_to_positive_zero_;
+  const RawType close_to_negative_zero_;
+  const RawType further_from_negative_zero_;
+
+  // Some numbers close to 1.0.
+  const RawType close_to_one_;
+  const RawType further_from_one_;
+
+  // Some numbers close to +infinity.
+  const RawType infinity_;
+  const RawType close_to_infinity_;
+  const RawType further_from_infinity_;
+
+  // Maximum representable value that's not infinity.
+  const RawType max_;
+
+  // Some NaNs.
+  const RawType nan1_;
+  const RawType nan2_;
+};
+
+// Tests floating-point matchers with fixed epsilons.
+template <typename RawType>
+class FloatingPointNearTest : public FloatingPointTest<RawType> {
+ protected:
+  typedef FloatingPointTest<RawType> ParentType;
+
+  // A battery of tests for FloatingEqMatcher::Matches with a fixed epsilon.
+  // matcher_maker is a pointer to a function which creates a FloatingEqMatcher.
+  void TestNearMatches(testing::internal::FloatingEqMatcher<RawType> (
+      *matcher_maker)(RawType, RawType)) {
+    Matcher<RawType> m1 = matcher_maker(0.0, 0.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-0.0));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(ParentType::close_to_positive_zero_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(ParentType::close_to_negative_zero_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(1.0));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m2 = matcher_maker(0.0, 1.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(-0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(1.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(-1.0));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(ParentType::close_to_one_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(-ParentType::close_to_one_));
+
+    // Check that inf matches inf, regardless of the of the specified max
+    // absolute error.
+    Matcher<RawType> m3 = matcher_maker(ParentType::infinity_, 0.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(ParentType::infinity_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(ParentType::close_to_infinity_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(-ParentType::infinity_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m4 = matcher_maker(-ParentType::infinity_, 0.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(-ParentType::infinity_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(-ParentType::close_to_infinity_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(ParentType::infinity_));
+
+    // Test various overflow scenarios.
+    Matcher<RawType> m5 = matcher_maker(ParentType::max_, ParentType::max_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m5.Matches(ParentType::max_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m5.Matches(-ParentType::max_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m6 = matcher_maker(-ParentType::max_, ParentType::max_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m6.Matches(ParentType::max_));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m6.Matches(-ParentType::max_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m7 = matcher_maker(ParentType::max_, 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m7.Matches(ParentType::max_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m7.Matches(-ParentType::max_));
+
+    Matcher<RawType> m8 = matcher_maker(-ParentType::max_, 0);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m8.Matches(ParentType::max_));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m8.Matches(-ParentType::max_));
+
+    // The difference between max() and -max() normally overflows to infinity,
+    // but it should still match if the max_abs_error is also infinity.
+    Matcher<RawType> m9 =
+        matcher_maker(ParentType::max_, ParentType::infinity_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m8.Matches(-ParentType::max_));
+
+    // matcher_maker can produce a Matcher<const RawType&>, which is needed in
+    // some cases.
+    Matcher<const RawType&> m10 = matcher_maker(0.0, 1.0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m10.Matches(-0.0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m10.Matches(ParentType::close_to_positive_zero_));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m10.Matches(ParentType::close_to_one_));
+
+    // matcher_maker can produce a Matcher<RawType&>, which is needed in some
+    // cases.
+    Matcher<RawType&> m11 = matcher_maker(0.0, 1.0);
+    RawType x = 0.0;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m11.Matches(x));
+    x = 1.0f;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m11.Matches(x));
+    x = -1.0f;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m11.Matches(x));
+    x = 1.1f;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m11.Matches(x));
+    x = -1.1f;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(m11.Matches(x));
+  }
+};
+
+// Instantiate FloatingPointTest for testing floats.
+typedef FloatingPointTest<float> FloatTest;
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatEqApproximatelyMatchesFloats) { TestMatches(&FloatEq); }
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, NanSensitiveFloatEqApproximatelyMatchesFloats) {
+  TestMatches(&NanSensitiveFloatEq);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatEqCannotMatchNaN) {
+  // FloatEq never matches NaN.
+  Matcher<float> m = FloatEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, NanSensitiveFloatEqCanMatchNaN) {
+  // NanSensitiveFloatEq will match NaN.
+  Matcher<float> m = NanSensitiveFloatEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatEqCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<float> m1 = FloatEq(2.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2", DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<float> m2 = FloatEq(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5", DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<float> m3 = FloatEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("never matches", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is anything", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatTest, NanSensitiveFloatEqCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<float> m1 = NanSensitiveFloatEq(2.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2", DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<float> m2 = NanSensitiveFloatEq(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5", DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<float> m3 = NanSensitiveFloatEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+// Instantiate FloatingPointTest for testing floats with a user-specified
+// max absolute error.
+typedef FloatingPointNearTest<float> FloatNearTest;
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, FloatNearMatches) { TestNearMatches(&FloatNear); }
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, NanSensitiveFloatNearApproximatelyMatchesFloats) {
+  TestNearMatches(&NanSensitiveFloatNear);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, FloatNearCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<float> m1 = FloatNear(2.0f, 0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<float> m2 = FloatNear(0.5f, 0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<float> m3 = FloatNear(nan1_, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("never matches", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is anything", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, NanSensitiveFloatNearCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<float> m1 = NanSensitiveFloatNear(2.0f, 0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<float> m2 = NanSensitiveFloatNear(0.5f, 0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<float> m3 = NanSensitiveFloatNear(nan1_, 0.1f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, FloatNearCannotMatchNaN) {
+  // FloatNear never matches NaN.
+  Matcher<float> m = FloatNear(ParentType::nan1_, 0.1f);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FloatNearTest, NanSensitiveFloatNearCanMatchNaN) {
+  // NanSensitiveFloatNear will match NaN.
+  Matcher<float> m = NanSensitiveFloatNear(nan1_, 0.1f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+// Instantiate FloatingPointTest for testing doubles.
+typedef FloatingPointTest<double> DoubleTest;
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleEqApproximatelyMatchesDoubles) {
+  TestMatches(&DoubleEq);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, NanSensitiveDoubleEqApproximatelyMatchesDoubles) {
+  TestMatches(&NanSensitiveDoubleEq);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleEqCannotMatchNaN) {
+  // DoubleEq never matches NaN.
+  Matcher<double> m = DoubleEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, NanSensitiveDoubleEqCanMatchNaN) {
+  // NanSensitiveDoubleEq will match NaN.
+  Matcher<double> m = NanSensitiveDoubleEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleEqCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = DoubleEq(2.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2", DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<double> m2 = DoubleEq(0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5", DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<double> m3 = DoubleEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("never matches", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is anything", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleTest, NanSensitiveDoubleEqCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = NanSensitiveDoubleEq(2.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2", DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<double> m2 = NanSensitiveDoubleEq(0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5", DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<double> m3 = NanSensitiveDoubleEq(nan1_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+// Instantiate FloatingPointTest for testing floats with a user-specified
+// max absolute error.
+typedef FloatingPointNearTest<double> DoubleNearTest;
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, DoubleNearMatches) { TestNearMatches(&DoubleNear); }
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, NanSensitiveDoubleNearApproximatelyMatchesDoubles) {
+  TestNearMatches(&NanSensitiveDoubleNear);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, DoubleNearCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = DoubleNear(2.0, 0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<double> m2 = DoubleNear(0.5, 0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<double> m3 = DoubleNear(nan1_, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("never matches", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is anything", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, ExplainsResultWhenMatchFails) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(DoubleNear(2.0, 0.1), 2.05));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 0.2 from 2", Explain(DoubleNear(2.0, 0.1), 2.2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is -0.3 from 2", Explain(DoubleNear(2.0, 0.1), 1.7));
+
+  const std::string explanation =
+      Explain(DoubleNear(2.1, 1e-10), 2.1 + 1.2e-10);
+  // Different C++ implementations may print floating-point numbers
+  // slightly differently.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(explanation == "which is 1.2e-10 from 2.1" ||  // GCC
+              explanation == "which is 1.2e-010 from 2.1")   // MSVC
+      << " where explanation is \"" << explanation << "\".";
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, NanSensitiveDoubleNearCanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(2.0, 0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 2 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 2 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  Matcher<double> m2 = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(0.5, 0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is approximately 0.5 (absolute error <= 0.5)", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't approximately 0.5 (absolute error > 0.5)",
+            DescribeNegation(m2));
+
+  Matcher<double> m3 = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(nan1_, 0.1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NaN", Describe(m3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NaN", DescribeNegation(m3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, DoubleNearCannotMatchNaN) {
+  // DoubleNear never matches NaN.
+  Matcher<double> m = DoubleNear(ParentType::nan1_, 0.1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, NanSensitiveDoubleNearCanMatchNaN) {
+  // NanSensitiveDoubleNear will match NaN.
+  Matcher<double> m = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(nan1_, 0.1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan1_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nan2_));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(1.0));
+}
+
+TEST(NotTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pointee(Eq(3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pointee(Eq(2))));
+}
+
+TEST(AllOfTest, HugeMatcher) {
+  // Verify that using AllOf with many arguments doesn't cause
+  // the compiler to exceed template instantiation depth limit.
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, testing::AllOf(_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _,
+                                testing::AllOf(_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfTest, HugeMatcher) {
+  // Verify that using AnyOf with many arguments doesn't cause
+  // the compiler to exceed template instantiation depth limit.
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, testing::AnyOf(_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _,
+                                testing::AnyOf(_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _)));
+}
+
+namespace adl_test {
+
+// Verifies that the implementation of ::testing::AllOf and ::testing::AnyOf
+// don't issue unqualified recursive calls.  If they do, the argument dependent
+// name lookup will cause AllOf/AnyOf in the 'adl_test' namespace to be found
+// as a candidate and the compilation will break due to an ambiguous overload.
+
+// The matcher must be in the same namespace as AllOf/AnyOf to make argument
+// dependent lookup find those.
+MATCHER(M, "") {
+  (void)arg;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+bool AllOf(const T1& /*t1*/, const T2& /*t2*/) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+TEST(AllOfTest, DoesNotCallAllOfUnqualified) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(42,
+              testing::AllOf(M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M()));
+}
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+bool AnyOf(const T1&, const T2&) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfTest, DoesNotCallAnyOfUnqualified) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(42,
+              testing::AnyOf(M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M(), M()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace adl_test
+
+TEST(AllOfTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, AllOf(Pointee(Eq(3)), Pointee(Gt(0)), Pointee(Lt(5))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(AllOf(Pointee(Eq(3)), Pointee(Gt(0)), Pointee(Lt(3)))));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, AnyOf(Pointee(Eq(5)), Pointee(Lt(0)), Pointee(Lt(5))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(AnyOf(Pointee(Eq(5)), Pointee(Lt(0)), Pointee(Gt(5)))));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc

+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
+
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#endif
+
+#include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace gmock_matchers_test {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(MonotonicMatcherTest, IsPrintable) {
+  stringstream ss;
+  ss << GreaterThan(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is > 5", ss.str());
+}
+
+TEST(MatchResultListenerTest, StreamingWorks) {
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  listener << "hi" << 5;
+  EXPECT_EQ("hi5", listener.str());
+
+  listener.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ("", listener.str());
+
+  listener << 42;
+  EXPECT_EQ("42", listener.str());
+
+  // Streaming shouldn't crash when the underlying ostream is NULL.
+  DummyMatchResultListener dummy;
+  dummy << "hi" << 5;
+}
+
+TEST(MatchResultListenerTest, CanAccessUnderlyingStream) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DummyMatchResultListener().stream() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StreamMatchResultListener(nullptr).stream() == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&std::cout, StreamMatchResultListener(&std::cout).stream());
+}
+
+TEST(MatchResultListenerTest, IsInterestedWorks) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StringMatchResultListener().IsInterested());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StreamMatchResultListener(&std::cout).IsInterested());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DummyMatchResultListener().IsInterested());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(StreamMatchResultListener(nullptr).IsInterested());
+}
+
+// Makes sure that the MatcherInterface<T> interface doesn't
+// change.
+class EvenMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<int> {
+ public:
+  bool MatchAndExplain(int x,
+                       MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const override {
+    return x % 2 == 0;
+  }
+
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const override { *os << "is an even number"; }
+
+  // We deliberately don't define DescribeNegationTo() and
+  // ExplainMatchResultTo() here, to make sure the definition of these
+  // two methods is optional.
+};
+
+// Makes sure that the MatcherInterface API doesn't change.
+TEST(MatcherInterfaceTest, CanBeImplementedUsingPublishedAPI) {
+  EvenMatcherImpl m;
+}
+
+// Tests implementing a monomorphic matcher using MatchAndExplain().
+
+class NewEvenMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<int> {
+ public:
+  bool MatchAndExplain(int x, MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
+    const bool match = x % 2 == 0;
+    // Verifies that we can stream to a listener directly.
+    *listener << "value % " << 2;
+    if (listener->stream() != nullptr) {
+      // Verifies that we can stream to a listener's underlying stream
+      // too.
+      *listener->stream() << " == " << (x % 2);
+    }
+    return match;
+  }
+
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const override { *os << "is an even number"; }
+};
+
+TEST(MatcherInterfaceTest, CanBeImplementedUsingNewAPI) {
+  Matcher<int> m = MakeMatcher(new NewEvenMatcherImpl);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("value % 2 == 0", Explain(m, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("value % 2 == 1", Explain(m, 3));
+}
+
+// Tests default-constructing a matcher.
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeDefaultConstructed) { Matcher<double> m; }
+
+// Tests that Matcher<T> can be constructed from a MatcherInterface<T>*.
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeConstructedFromMatcherInterface) {
+  const MatcherInterface<int>* impl = new EvenMatcherImpl;
+  Matcher<int> m(impl);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(4));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(5));
+}
+
+// Tests that value can be used in place of Eq(value).
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromValue) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = 5;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(6));
+}
+
+// Tests that NULL can be used in place of Eq(NULL).
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromNULL) {
+  Matcher<int*> m1 = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(&n));
+}
+
+// Tests that matchers can be constructed from a variable that is not properly
+// defined. This should be illegal, but many users rely on this accidentally.
+struct Undefined {
+  virtual ~Undefined() = 0;
+  static const int kInt = 1;
+};
+
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeConstructedFromUndefinedVariable) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Undefined::kInt;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(2));
+}
+
+// Test that a matcher parameterized with an abstract class compiles.
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanAcceptAbstractClass) { Matcher<const Undefined&> m = _; }
+
+// Tests that matchers are copyable.
+TEST(MatcherTest, IsCopyable) {
+  // Tests the copy constructor.
+  Matcher<bool> m1 = Eq(false);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(true));
+
+  // Tests the assignment operator.
+  m1 = Eq(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(true));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(false));
+}
+
+// Tests that Matcher<T>::DescribeTo() calls
+// MatcherInterface<T>::DescribeTo().
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanDescribeItself) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an even number", Describe(Matcher<int>(new EvenMatcherImpl)));
+}
+
+// Tests Matcher<T>::MatchAndExplain().
+TEST(MatcherTest, MatchAndExplain) {
+  Matcher<int> m = GreaterThan(0);
+  StringMatchResultListener listener1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.MatchAndExplain(42, &listener1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 42 more than 0", listener1.str());
+
+  StringMatchResultListener listener2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.MatchAndExplain(-9, &listener2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 9 less than 0", listener2.str());
+}
+
+// Tests that a C-string literal can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&>.
+TEST(StringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = "hi";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = "hi";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+
+// Tests that a string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&>.
+TEST(StringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = std::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = std::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+// Tests that a C-string literal can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<StringView> or Matcher<const StringView&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
+  Matcher<internal::StringView> m1 = "cats";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
+
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m2 = "cats";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
+}
+
+// Tests that a std::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<StringView> or Matcher<const StringView&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
+  Matcher<internal::StringView> m1 = std::string("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
+
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m2 = std::string("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
+}
+
+// Tests that a StringView object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<StringView> or Matcher<const StringView&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromStringView) {
+  Matcher<internal::StringView> m1 = internal::StringView("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
+
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m2 = internal::StringView("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+
+// Tests that a std::reference_wrapper<std::string> object can be implicitly
+// converted to a Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&> via Eq().
+TEST(StringMatcherTest,
+     CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromEqReferenceWrapperString) {
+  std::string value = "cats";
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = Eq(std::ref(value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = Eq(std::ref(value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
+}
+
+// Tests that MakeMatcher() constructs a Matcher<T> from a
+// MatcherInterface* without requiring the user to explicitly
+// write the type.
+TEST(MakeMatcherTest, ConstructsMatcherFromMatcherInterface) {
+  const MatcherInterface<int>* dummy_impl = new EvenMatcherImpl;
+  Matcher<int> m = MakeMatcher(dummy_impl);
+}
+
+// Tests that MakePolymorphicMatcher() can construct a polymorphic
+// matcher from its implementation using the old API.
+const int g_bar = 1;
+class ReferencesBarOrIsZeroImpl {
+ public:
+  template <typename T>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x, MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
+    const void* p = &x;
+    return p == &g_bar || x == 0;
+  }
+
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const { *os << "g_bar or zero"; }
+
+  void DescribeNegationTo(ostream* os) const {
+    *os << "doesn't reference g_bar and is not zero";
+  }
+};
+
+// This function verifies that MakePolymorphicMatcher() returns a
+// PolymorphicMatcher<T> where T is the argument's type.
+PolymorphicMatcher<ReferencesBarOrIsZeroImpl> ReferencesBarOrIsZero() {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(ReferencesBarOrIsZeroImpl());
+}
+
+TEST(MakePolymorphicMatcherTest, ConstructsMatcherUsingOldAPI) {
+  // Using a polymorphic matcher to match a reference type.
+  Matcher<const int&> m1 = ReferencesBarOrIsZero();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(0));
+  // Verifies that the identity of a by-reference argument is preserved.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(g_bar));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("g_bar or zero", Describe(m1));
+
+  // Using a polymorphic matcher to match a value type.
+  Matcher<double> m2 = ReferencesBarOrIsZero();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0.0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(0.1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("g_bar or zero", Describe(m2));
+}
+
+// Tests implementing a polymorphic matcher using MatchAndExplain().
+
+class PolymorphicIsEvenImpl {
+ public:
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const { *os << "is even"; }
+
+  void DescribeNegationTo(ostream* os) const { *os << "is odd"; }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    // Verifies that we can stream to the listener directly.
+    *listener << "% " << 2;
+    if (listener->stream() != nullptr) {
+      // Verifies that we can stream to the listener's underlying stream
+      // too.
+      *listener->stream() << " == " << (x % 2);
+    }
+    return (x % 2) == 0;
+  }
+};
+
+PolymorphicMatcher<PolymorphicIsEvenImpl> PolymorphicIsEven() {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(PolymorphicIsEvenImpl());
+}
+
+TEST(MakePolymorphicMatcherTest, ConstructsMatcherUsingNewAPI) {
+  // Using PolymorphicIsEven() as a Matcher<int>.
+  const Matcher<int> m1 = PolymorphicIsEven();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(43));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", Describe(m1));
+
+  const Matcher<int> not_m1 = Not(m1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is odd", Describe(not_m1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("% 2 == 0", Explain(m1, 42));
+
+  // Using PolymorphicIsEven() as a Matcher<char>.
+  const Matcher<char> m2 = PolymorphicIsEven();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches('\x42'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches('\x43'));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", Describe(m2));
+
+  const Matcher<char> not_m2 = Not(m2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is odd", Describe(not_m2));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("% 2 == 0", Explain(m2, '\x42'));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a polymorphic matcher.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  Matcher<int> m = MatcherCast<int>(Eq(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(5));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(6));
+}
+
+// For testing casting matchers between compatible types.
+class IntValue {
+ public:
+  // An int can be statically (although not implicitly) cast to a
+  // IntValue.
+  explicit IntValue(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+// For testing casting matchers between compatible types.
+bool IsPositiveIntValue(const IntValue& foo) { return foo.value() > 0; }
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<U> where T
+// can be statically converted to U.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromCompatibleType) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = Eq(2.0);
+  Matcher<int> m2 = MatcherCast<int>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(3));
+
+  Matcher<IntValue> m3 = Truly(IsPositiveIntValue);
+  Matcher<int> m4 = MatcherCast<int>(m3);
+  // In the following, the arguments 1 and 0 are statically converted
+  // to IntValue objects, and then tested by the IsPositiveIntValue()
+  // predicate.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(0));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<const T&>.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromConstReferenceToNonReference) {
+  Matcher<const int&> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int> m2 = MatcherCast<int>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T&>.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromReferenceToNonReference) {
+  Matcher<int&> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int> m2 = MatcherCast<int>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<const T&>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromNonReferenceToConstReference) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<const int&> m2 = MatcherCast<const int&>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T&>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromNonReferenceToReference) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = MatcherCast<int&>(m1);
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(n));
+  n = 1;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(n));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromSameType) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int> m2 = MatcherCast<int>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a value of the same type as the
+// value type of the Matcher.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromAValue) {
+  Matcher<int> m = MatcherCast<int>(42);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(239));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a value of the type implicitly
+// convertible to the value type of the Matcher.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromAnImplicitlyConvertibleValue) {
+  const int kExpected = 'c';
+  Matcher<int> m = MatcherCast<int>('c');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(kExpected));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(kExpected + 1));
+}
+
+struct NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq {
+  friend bool operator==(
+      const NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq& /* ignored */,
+      int rhs) {
+    return 42 == rhs;
+  }
+  friend bool operator==(
+      int lhs,
+      const NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq& /* ignored */) {
+    return lhs == 42;
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a neither a matcher nor
+// implicitly convertible to the value type of the Matcher, but the value type
+// of the matcher has operator==() overload accepting m.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq) {
+  Matcher<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq> m1 =
+      MatcherCast<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq>(42);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq()));
+
+  Matcher<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq> m2 =
+      MatcherCast<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq>(239);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq()));
+
+  // When updating the following lines please also change the comment to
+  // namespace convertible_from_any.
+  Matcher<int> m3 =
+      MatcherCast<int>(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(239));
+}
+
+// ConvertibleFromAny does not work with MSVC. resulting in
+// error C2440: 'initializing': cannot convert from 'Eq' to 'M'
+// No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload
+// resolution was ambiguous
+
+#if !defined _MSC_VER
+
+// The below ConvertibleFromAny struct is implicitly constructible from anything
+// and when in the same namespace can interact with other tests. In particular,
+// if it is in the same namespace as other tests and one removes
+//   NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq::operator==(int lhs, ...);
+// then the corresponding test still compiles (and it should not!) by implicitly
+// converting NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq to ConvertibleFromAny
+// in m3.Matcher().
+namespace convertible_from_any {
+// Implicitly convertible from any type.
+struct ConvertibleFromAny {
+  ConvertibleFromAny(int a_value) : value(a_value) {}
+  template <typename T>
+  ConvertibleFromAny(const T& /*a_value*/) : value(-1) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Conversion constructor called";
+  }
+  int value;
+};
+
+bool operator==(const ConvertibleFromAny& a, const ConvertibleFromAny& b) {
+  return a.value == b.value;
+}
+
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const ConvertibleFromAny& a) {
+  return os << a.value;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, ConversionConstructorIsUsed) {
+  Matcher<ConvertibleFromAny> m = MatcherCast<ConvertibleFromAny>(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromConvertibleFromAny) {
+  Matcher<ConvertibleFromAny> m =
+      MatcherCast<ConvertibleFromAny>(Eq(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
+}
+}  // namespace convertible_from_any
+
+#endif  // !defined _MSC_VER
+
+struct IntReferenceWrapper {
+  IntReferenceWrapper(const int& a_value) : value(&a_value) {}
+  const int* value;
+};
+
+bool operator==(const IntReferenceWrapper& a, const IntReferenceWrapper& b) {
+  return a.value == b.value;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, ValueIsNotCopied) {
+  int n = 42;
+  Matcher<IntReferenceWrapper> m = MatcherCast<IntReferenceWrapper>(n);
+  // Verify that the matcher holds a reference to n, not to its temporary copy.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n));
+}
+
+class Base {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Base() {}
+  Base() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Base);
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base {
+ public:
+  Derived() : Base() {}
+  int i;
+};
+
+class OtherDerived : public Base {};
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a polymorphic matcher.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  Matcher<char> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<char>(Eq(32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(' '));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches('\n'));
+}
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<U> where
+// T and U are arithmetic types and T can be losslessly converted to
+// U.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromLosslesslyConvertibleArithmeticType) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = DoubleEq(1.0);
+  Matcher<float> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<float>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(1.0f));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(2.0f));
+
+  Matcher<char> m3 = SafeMatcherCast<char>(TypedEq<int>('a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches('b'));
+}
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<U> where T and U
+// are pointers or references to a derived and a base class, correspondingly.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromBaseClass) {
+  Derived d, d2;
+  Matcher<Base*> m1 = Eq(&d);
+  Matcher<Derived*> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<Derived*>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(&d));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(&d2));
+
+  Matcher<Base&> m3 = Ref(d);
+  Matcher<Derived&> m4 = SafeMatcherCast<Derived&>(m3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(d));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(d2));
+}
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T&>(m) works when m is a Matcher<const T&>.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromConstReferenceToReference) {
+  int n = 0;
+  Matcher<const int&> m1 = Ref(n);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<int&>(m1);
+  int n1 = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(n));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(n1));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<const T&>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromNonReferenceToConstReference) {
+  Matcher<std::unique_ptr<int>> m1 = IsNull();
+  Matcher<const std::unique_ptr<int>&> m2 =
+      SafeMatcherCast<const std::unique_ptr<int>&>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(std::unique_ptr<int>()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(std::unique_ptr<int>(new int)));
+}
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T&>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromNonReferenceToReference) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<int&>(m1);
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(n));
+  n = 1;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(n));
+}
+
+// Tests that SafeMatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a Matcher<T>.
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromSameType) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(0);
+  Matcher<int> m2 = SafeMatcherCast<int>(m1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
+}
+
+#if !defined _MSC_VER
+
+namespace convertible_from_any {
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, ConversionConstructorIsUsed) {
+  Matcher<ConvertibleFromAny> m = SafeMatcherCast<ConvertibleFromAny>(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
+}
+
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromConvertibleFromAny) {
+  Matcher<ConvertibleFromAny> m =
+      SafeMatcherCast<ConvertibleFromAny>(Eq(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
+}
+}  // namespace convertible_from_any
+
+#endif  // !defined _MSC_VER
+
+TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, ValueIsNotCopied) {
+  int n = 42;
+  Matcher<IntReferenceWrapper> m = SafeMatcherCast<IntReferenceWrapper>(n);
+  // Verify that the matcher holds a reference to n, not to its temporary copy.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n));
+}
+
+TEST(ExpectThat, TakesLiterals) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, 1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(1.0, 1.0);
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::string(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(ExpectThat, TakesFunctions) {
+  struct Helper {
+    static void Func() {}
+  };
+  void (*func)() = Helper::Func;
+  EXPECT_THAT(func, Helper::Func);
+  EXPECT_THAT(func, &Helper::Func);
+}
+
+// Tests that A<T>() matches any value of type T.
+TEST(ATest, MatchesAnyValue) {
+  // Tests a matcher for a value type.
+  Matcher<double> m1 = A<double>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(91.43));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-15.32));
+
+  // Tests a matcher for a reference type.
+  int a = 2;
+  int b = -6;
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = A<int&>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(b));
+}
+
+TEST(ATest, WorksForDerivedClass) {
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(&base, A<Base*>());
+  // This shouldn't compile: EXPECT_THAT(&base, A<Derived*>());
+  EXPECT_THAT(&derived, A<Base*>());
+  EXPECT_THAT(&derived, A<Derived*>());
+}
+
+// Tests that A<T>() describes itself properly.
+TEST(ATest, CanDescribeSelf) { EXPECT_EQ("is anything", Describe(A<bool>())); }
+
+// Tests that An<T>() matches any value of type T.
+TEST(AnTest, MatchesAnyValue) {
+  // Tests a matcher for a value type.
+  Matcher<int> m1 = An<int>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(9143));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-1532));
+
+  // Tests a matcher for a reference type.
+  int a = 2;
+  int b = -6;
+  Matcher<int&> m2 = An<int&>();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(b));
+}
+
+// Tests that An<T>() describes itself properly.
+TEST(AnTest, CanDescribeSelf) { EXPECT_EQ("is anything", Describe(An<int>())); }
+
+// Tests that _ can be used as a matcher for any type and matches any
+// value of that type.
+TEST(UnderscoreTest, MatchesAnyValue) {
+  // Uses _ as a matcher for a value type.
+  Matcher<int> m1 = _;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(123));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-242));
+
+  // Uses _ as a matcher for a reference type.
+  bool a = false;
+  const bool b = true;
+  Matcher<const bool&> m2 = _;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(b));
+}
+
+// Tests that _ describes itself properly.
+TEST(UnderscoreTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = _;
+  EXPECT_EQ("is anything", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Eq(x) matches any value equal to x.
+TEST(EqTest, MatchesEqualValue) {
+  // 2 C-strings with same content but different addresses.
+  const char a1[] = "hi";
+  const char a2[] = "hi";
+
+  Matcher<const char*> m1 = Eq(a1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(a1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(a2));
+}
+
+// Tests that Eq(v) describes itself properly.
+
+class Unprintable {
+ public:
+  Unprintable() : c_('a') {}
+
+  bool operator==(const Unprintable& /* rhs */) const { return true; }
+  // -Wunused-private-field: dummy accessor for `c_`.
+  char dummy_c() { return c_; }
+
+ private:
+  char c_;
+};
+
+TEST(EqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<Unprintable> m = Eq(Unprintable());
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to 1-byte object <61>", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Eq(v) can be used to match any type that supports
+// comparing with type T, where T is v's type.
+TEST(EqTest, IsPolymorphic) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Eq(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(2));
+
+  Matcher<char> m2 = Eq(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches('\1'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches('a'));
+}
+
+// Tests that TypedEq<T>(v) matches values of type T that's equal to v.
+TEST(TypedEqTest, ChecksEqualityForGivenType) {
+  Matcher<char> m1 = TypedEq<char>('a');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches('a'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches('b'));
+
+  Matcher<int> m2 = TypedEq<int>(6);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(7));
+}
+
+// Tests that TypedEq(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(TypedEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to 2", Describe(TypedEq<int>(2)));
+}
+
+// Tests that TypedEq<T>(v) has type Matcher<T>.
+
+// Type<T>::IsTypeOf(v) compiles if and only if the type of value v is T, where
+// T is a "bare" type (i.e. not in the form of const U or U&).  If v's type is
+// not T, the compiler will generate a message about "undefined reference".
+template <typename T>
+struct Type {
+  static bool IsTypeOf(const T& /* v */) { return true; }
+
+  template <typename T2>
+  static void IsTypeOf(T2 v);
+};
+
+TEST(TypedEqTest, HasSpecifiedType) {
+  // Verfies that the type of TypedEq<T>(v) is Matcher<T>.
+  Type<Matcher<int>>::IsTypeOf(TypedEq<int>(5));
+  Type<Matcher<double>>::IsTypeOf(TypedEq<double>(5));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ge(v) matches anything >= v.
+TEST(GeTest, ImplementsGreaterThanOrEqual) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Ge(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(-1));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ge(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(GeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Ge(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is >= 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Gt(v) matches anything > v.
+TEST(GtTest, ImplementsGreaterThan) {
+  Matcher<double> m1 = Gt(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1.0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(0.0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(-1.0));
+}
+
+// Tests that Gt(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(GtTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Gt(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is > 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Le(v) matches anything <= v.
+TEST(LeTest, ImplementsLessThanOrEqual) {
+  Matcher<char> m1 = Le('b');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches('a'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches('b'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches('c'));
+}
+
+// Tests that Le(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(LeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Le(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is <= 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Lt(v) matches anything < v.
+TEST(LtTest, ImplementsLessThan) {
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m1 = Lt("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("Abc"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("Hello, world!"));
+}
+
+// Tests that Lt(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(LtTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Lt(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is < 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ne(v) matches anything != v.
+TEST(NeTest, ImplementsNotEqual) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Ne(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(-1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(0));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ne(v) describes itself properly.
+TEST(NeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int> m = Ne(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to 5", Describe(m));
+}
+
+class MoveOnly {
+ public:
+  explicit MoveOnly(int i) : i_(i) {}
+  MoveOnly(const MoveOnly&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+  MoveOnly& operator=(const MoveOnly&) = delete;
+  MoveOnly& operator=(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+
+  bool operator==(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ == other.i_; }
+  bool operator!=(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ != other.i_; }
+  bool operator<(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ < other.i_; }
+  bool operator<=(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ <= other.i_; }
+  bool operator>(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ > other.i_; }
+  bool operator>=(const MoveOnly& other) const { return i_ >= other.i_; }
+
+ private:
+  int i_;
+};
+
+struct MoveHelper {
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Call, void(MoveOnly));
+};
+
+// Disable this test in VS 2015 (version 14), where it fails when SEH is enabled
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1910)
+TEST(ComparisonBaseTest, DISABLED_WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+#else
+TEST(ComparisonBaseTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+#endif
+  MoveOnly m{0};
+  MoveHelper helper;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Eq(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(0));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Ne(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(1));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Le(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(0));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Lt(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(-1));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Ge(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(0));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(Gt(ByRef(m))));
+  helper.Call(MoveOnly(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNull() matches any NULL pointer of any type.
+TEST(IsNullTest, MatchesNullPointer) {
+  Matcher<int*> m1 = IsNull();
+  int* p1 = nullptr;
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(p1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(&n));
+
+  Matcher<const char*> m2 = IsNull();
+  const char* p2 = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(p2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+
+  Matcher<void*> m3 = IsNull();
+  void* p3 = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(p3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xbeef)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsNullTest, StdFunction) {
+  const Matcher<std::function<void()>> m = IsNull();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(std::function<void()>()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches([] {}));
+}
+
+// Tests that IsNull() describes itself properly.
+TEST(IsNullTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int*> m = IsNull();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is NULL", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NULL", DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NotNull() matches any non-NULL pointer of any type.
+TEST(NotNullTest, MatchesNonNullPointer) {
+  Matcher<int*> m1 = NotNull();
+  int* p1 = nullptr;
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(p1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(&n));
+
+  Matcher<const char*> m2 = NotNull();
+  const char* p2 = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(p2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+}
+
+TEST(NotNullTest, LinkedPtr) {
+  const Matcher<std::shared_ptr<int>> m = NotNull();
+  const std::shared_ptr<int> null_p;
+  const std::shared_ptr<int> non_null_p(new int);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(null_p));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(non_null_p));
+}
+
+TEST(NotNullTest, ReferenceToConstLinkedPtr) {
+  const Matcher<const std::shared_ptr<double>&> m = NotNull();
+  const std::shared_ptr<double> null_p;
+  const std::shared_ptr<double> non_null_p(new double);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(null_p));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(non_null_p));
+}
+
+TEST(NotNullTest, StdFunction) {
+  const Matcher<std::function<void()>> m = NotNull();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches([] {}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::function<void()>()));
+}
+
+// Tests that NotNull() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NotNullTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<int*> m = NotNull();
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't NULL", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ref(variable) matches an argument that references
+// 'variable'.
+TEST(RefTest, MatchesSameVariable) {
+  int a = 0;
+  int b = 0;
+  Matcher<int&> m = Ref(a);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(b));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ref(variable) describes itself properly.
+TEST(RefTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  int n = 5;
+  Matcher<int&> m = Ref(n);
+  stringstream ss;
+  ss << "references the variable @" << &n << " 5";
+  EXPECT_EQ(ss.str(), Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Test that Ref(non_const_varialbe) can be used as a matcher for a
+// const reference.
+TEST(RefTest, CanBeUsedAsMatcherForConstReference) {
+  int a = 0;
+  int b = 0;
+  Matcher<const int&> m = Ref(a);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(b));
+}
+
+// Tests that Ref(variable) is covariant, i.e. Ref(derived) can be
+// used wherever Ref(base) can be used (Ref(derived) is a sub-type
+// of Ref(base), but not vice versa.
+
+TEST(RefTest, IsCovariant) {
+  Base base, base2;
+  Derived derived;
+  Matcher<const Base&> m1 = Ref(base);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(base));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(base2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(derived));
+
+  m1 = Ref(derived);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(derived));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(base));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(base2));
+}
+
+TEST(RefTest, ExplainsResult) {
+  int n = 0;
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(Matcher<const int&>(Ref(n)), n),
+              StartsWith("which is located @"));
+
+  int m = 0;
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(Matcher<const int&>(Ref(n)), m),
+              StartsWith("which is located @"));
+}
+
+// Tests string comparison matchers.
+
+template <typename T = std::string>
+std::string FromStringLike(internal::StringLike<T> str) {
+  return std::string(str);
+}
+
+TEST(StringLike, TestConversions) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FromStringLike("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FromStringLike(std::string("foo")));
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FromStringLike(internal::StringView("foo")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+
+  // Non deducible types.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FromStringLike({}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FromStringLike({'f', 'o', 'o'}));
+  const char buf[] = "foo";
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FromStringLike({buf, buf + 3}));
+}
+
+TEST(StrEqTest, MatchesEqualString) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrEq(std::string("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrEq("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 =
+      StrEq(internal::StringView("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m_empty = StrEq("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView("hello")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(StrEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m = StrEq("Hi-\'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\xD3");
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"Hi-\'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\"",
+            Describe(m));
+
+  std::string str("01204500800");
+  str[3] = '\0';
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"012\\04500800\"", Describe(m2));
+  str[0] = str[6] = str[7] = str[9] = str[10] = '\0';
+  Matcher<std::string> m3 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"\\012\\045\\0\\08\\0\\0\"", Describe(m3));
+}
+
+TEST(StrNeTest, MatchesUnequalString) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrNe("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hello"));
+
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrNe(std::string("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView> m3 = StrNe(internal::StringView("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hello")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(StrNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrNe("Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(StrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringIgnoringCase) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrCaseEq(std::string("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrCaseEq("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 =
+      StrCaseEq(internal::StringView("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hi")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(StrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringWith0IgnoringCase) {
+  std::string str1("oabocdooeoo");
+  std::string str2("OABOCDOOEOO");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m0 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m0.Matches(str2 + std::string(1, '\0')));
+
+  str1[3] = str2[3] = '\0';
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m1 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(str2));
+
+  str1[0] = str1[6] = str1[7] = str1[10] = '\0';
+  str2[0] = str2[6] = str2[7] = str2[10] = '\0';
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  str1[9] = str2[9] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(str2));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m3 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(str2));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2 + "x"));
+  str2.append(1, '\0');
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(std::string(str2, 0, 9)));
+}
+
+TEST(StrCaseEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m = StrCaseEq("Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to (ignoring case) \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(StrCaseNeTest, MatchesUnequalStringIgnoringCase) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrCaseNe("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrCaseNe(std::string("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView> m3 =
+      StrCaseNe(internal::StringView("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hi")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("hello")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(StrCaseNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrCaseNe("Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to (ignoring case) \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching string-typed values.
+TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForStringClasses) {
+  const Matcher<std::string> m1 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(std::string("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(std::string("tofo")));
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(std::string("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(std::string("tofo")));
+
+  const Matcher<std::string> m_empty = HasSubstr("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(std::string()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(std::string("not empty")));
+}
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching C-string-typed values.
+TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForCStrings) {
+  const Matcher<char*> m1 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(const_cast<char*>("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(const_cast<char*>("tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const char*> m2 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("I love food."));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("tofo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const char*> m_empty = HasSubstr("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches("not empty"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_empty.Matches(nullptr));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching StringView-typed values.
+TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForStringViewClasses) {
+  const Matcher<internal::StringView> m1 =
+      HasSubstr(internal::StringView("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(internal::StringView("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(internal::StringView("tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m2 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(internal::StringView("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(internal::StringView("tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 = HasSubstr("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("foo")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr(s) describes itself properly.
+TEST(HasSubstrTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m = HasSubstr("foo\n\"");
+  EXPECT_EQ("has substring \"foo\\n\\\"\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const pair<std::string, int>&> m = Key("foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ("has a key that is equal to \"foo\"", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("doesn't have a key that is equal to \"foo\"", DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, ExplainsResult) {
+  Matcher<pair<int, bool>> m = Key(GreaterThan(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose first field is a value which is 5 less than 10",
+            Explain(m, make_pair(5, true)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose first field is a value which is 5 more than 10",
+            Explain(m, make_pair(15, true)));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, MatchesCorrectly) {
+  pair<int, std::string> p(25, "foo");
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(25));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(42)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(Ge(20)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(Lt(25))));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+  pair<std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int>> p;
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(Eq(nullptr)));
+}
+
+template <size_t I>
+struct Tag {};
+
+struct PairWithGet {
+  int member_1;
+  std::string member_2;
+  using first_type = int;
+  using second_type = std::string;
+
+  const int& GetImpl(Tag<0>) const { return member_1; }
+  const std::string& GetImpl(Tag<1>) const { return member_2; }
+};
+template <size_t I>
+auto get(const PairWithGet& value) -> decltype(value.GetImpl(Tag<I>())) {
+  return value.GetImpl(Tag<I>());
+}
+TEST(PairTest, MatchesPairWithGetCorrectly) {
+  PairWithGet p{25, "foo"};
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(25));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(42)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(Ge(20)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(Lt(25))));
+
+  std::vector<PairWithGet> v = {{11, "Foo"}, {29, "gMockIsBestMock"}};
+  EXPECT_THAT(v, Contains(Key(29)));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, SafelyCastsInnerMatcher) {
+  Matcher<int> is_positive = Gt(0);
+  Matcher<int> is_negative = Lt(0);
+  pair<char, bool> p('a', true);
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(is_positive));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(is_negative)));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, InsideContainsUsingMap) {
+  map<int, char> container;
+  container.insert(make_pair(1, 'a'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(2, 'b'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(4, 'c'));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Key(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(Contains(Key(3))));
+}
+
+TEST(KeyTest, InsideContainsUsingMultimap) {
+  multimap<int, char> container;
+  container.insert(make_pair(1, 'a'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(2, 'b'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(4, 'c'));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(Contains(Key(25))));
+  container.insert(make_pair(25, 'd'));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Key(25)));
+  container.insert(make_pair(25, 'e'));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Key(25)));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Key(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(Contains(Key(3))));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, Typing) {
+  // Test verifies the following type conversions can be compiled.
+  Matcher<const pair<const char*, int>&> m1 = Pair("foo", 42);
+  Matcher<const pair<const char*, int>> m2 = Pair("foo", 42);
+  Matcher<pair<const char*, int>> m3 = Pair("foo", 42);
+
+  Matcher<pair<int, const std::string>> m4 = Pair(25, "42");
+  Matcher<pair<const std::string, int>> m5 = Pair("25", 42);
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const pair<std::string, int>&> m1 = Pair("foo", 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has a first field that is equal to \"foo\""
+      ", and has a second field that is equal to 42",
+      Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has a first field that isn't equal to \"foo\""
+      ", or has a second field that isn't equal to 42",
+      DescribeNegation(m1));
+  // Double and triple negation (1 or 2 times not and description of negation).
+  Matcher<const pair<int, int>&> m2 = Not(Pair(Not(13), 42));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has a first field that isn't equal to 13"
+      ", and has a second field that is equal to 42",
+      DescribeNegation(m2));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, CanExplainMatchResultTo) {
+  // If neither field matches, Pair() should explain about the first
+  // field.
+  const Matcher<pair<int, int>> m = Pair(GreaterThan(0), GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose first field does not match, which is 1 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, make_pair(-1, -2)));
+
+  // If the first field matches but the second doesn't, Pair() should
+  // explain about the second field.
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose second field does not match, which is 2 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, make_pair(1, -2)));
+
+  // If the first field doesn't match but the second does, Pair()
+  // should explain about the first field.
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose first field does not match, which is 1 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, make_pair(-1, 2)));
+
+  // If both fields match, Pair() should explain about them both.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose both fields match, where the first field is a value "
+      "which is 1 more than 0, and the second field is a value "
+      "which is 2 more than 0",
+      Explain(m, make_pair(1, 2)));
+
+  // If only the first match has an explanation, only this explanation should
+  // be printed.
+  const Matcher<pair<int, int>> explain_first = Pair(GreaterThan(0), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose both fields match, where the first field is a value "
+      "which is 1 more than 0",
+      Explain(explain_first, make_pair(1, 0)));
+
+  // If only the second match has an explanation, only this explanation should
+  // be printed.
+  const Matcher<pair<int, int>> explain_second = Pair(0, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose both fields match, where the second field is a value "
+      "which is 1 more than 0",
+      Explain(explain_second, make_pair(0, 1)));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, MatchesCorrectly) {
+  pair<int, std::string> p(25, "foo");
+
+  // Both fields match.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(25, "foo"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(Ge(20), HasSubstr("o")));
+
+  // 'first' doesnt' match, but 'second' matches.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(42, "foo")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(Lt(25), "foo")));
+
+  // 'first' matches, but 'second' doesn't match.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(25, "bar")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(25, Not("foo"))));
+
+  // Neither field matches.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(13, "bar")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(Lt(13), HasSubstr("a"))));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+  pair<std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int>> p;
+  p.second.reset(new int(7));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(Eq(nullptr), Ne(nullptr)));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, SafelyCastsInnerMatchers) {
+  Matcher<int> is_positive = Gt(0);
+  Matcher<int> is_negative = Lt(0);
+  pair<char, bool> p('a', true);
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(is_positive, _));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(is_negative, _)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(_, is_positive));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(_, is_negative)));
+}
+
+TEST(PairTest, InsideContainsUsingMap) {
+  map<int, char> container;
+  container.insert(make_pair(1, 'a'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(2, 'b'));
+  container.insert(make_pair(4, 'c'));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Pair(1, 'a')));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Pair(1, _)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Contains(Pair(_, 'a')));
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(Contains(Pair(3, _))));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldsAreTest, MatchesCorrectly) {
+  std::tuple<int, std::string, double> p(25, "foo", .5);
+
+  // All fields match.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, FieldsAre(25, "foo", .5));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, FieldsAre(Ge(20), HasSubstr("o"), DoubleEq(.5)));
+
+  // Some don't match.
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(FieldsAre(26, "foo", .5)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(FieldsAre(25, "fo", .5)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(FieldsAre(25, "foo", .6)));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldsAreTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const pair<std::string, int>&> m1 = FieldsAre("foo", 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has field #0 that is equal to \"foo\""
+      ", and has field #1 that is equal to 42",
+      Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has field #0 that isn't equal to \"foo\""
+      ", or has field #1 that isn't equal to 42",
+      DescribeNegation(m1));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldsAreTest, CanExplainMatchResultTo) {
+  // The first one that fails is the one that gives the error.
+  Matcher<std::tuple<int, int, int>> m =
+      FieldsAre(GreaterThan(0), GreaterThan(0), GreaterThan(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose field #0 does not match, which is 1 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple(-1, -2, -3)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose field #1 does not match, which is 2 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple(1, -2, -3)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose field #2 does not match, which is 3 less than 0",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple(1, 2, -3)));
+
+  // If they all match, we get a long explanation of success.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose all elements match, "
+      "where field #0 is a value which is 1 more than 0"
+      ", and field #1 is a value which is 2 more than 0"
+      ", and field #2 is a value which is 3 more than 0",
+      Explain(m, std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3)));
+
+  // Only print those that have an explanation.
+  m = FieldsAre(GreaterThan(0), 0, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose all elements match, "
+      "where field #0 is a value which is 1 more than 0"
+      ", and field #2 is a value which is 3 more than 0",
+      Explain(m, std::make_tuple(1, 0, 3)));
+
+  // If only one has an explanation, then print that one.
+  m = FieldsAre(0, GreaterThan(0), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose all elements match, "
+      "where field #1 is a value which is 1 more than 0",
+      Explain(m, std::make_tuple(0, 1, 0)));
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_structured_bindings) && __cpp_structured_bindings >= 201606
+TEST(FieldsAreTest, StructuredBindings) {
+  // testing::FieldsAre can also match aggregates and such with C++17 and up.
+  struct MyType {
+    int i;
+    std::string str;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT((MyType{17, "foo"}), FieldsAre(Eq(17), HasSubstr("oo")));
+
+  // Test all the supported arities.
+  struct MyVarType1 {
+    int a;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType1{}, FieldsAre(0));
+  struct MyVarType2 {
+    int a, b;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType2{}, FieldsAre(0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType3 {
+    int a, b, c;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType3{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType4 {
+    int a, b, c, d;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType4{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType5 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType5{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType6 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType6{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType7 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType7{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType8 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType8{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType9 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType9{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType10 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType10{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType11 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType11{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType12 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType12{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType13 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType13{}, FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType14 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType14{},
+              FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType15 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType15{},
+              FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+  struct MyVarType16 {
+    int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p;
+  };
+  EXPECT_THAT(MyVarType16{},
+              FieldsAre(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST(PairTest, UseGetInsteadOfMembers) {
+  PairWithGet pair{7, "ABC"};
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Pair(7, "ABC"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Pair(Ge(7), HasSubstr("AB")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Not(Pair(Lt(7), "ABC")));
+
+  std::vector<PairWithGet> v = {{11, "Foo"}, {29, "gMockIsBestMock"}};
+  EXPECT_THAT(v,
+              ElementsAre(Pair(11, std::string("Foo")), Pair(Ge(10), Not(""))));
+}
+
+// Tests StartsWith(s).
+
+TEST(StartsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenPrefix) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = StartsWith(std::string(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StartsWith("Hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi Hi!"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("High"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("H"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(" Hi"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  const Matcher<internal::StringView> m_empty =
+      StartsWith(internal::StringView(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_empty.Matches(internal::StringView("not empty")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(StartsWithTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const std::string> m = StartsWith("Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("starts with \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests EndsWith(s).
+
+TEST(EndsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenSuffix) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = EndsWith("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = EndsWith(std::string("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Wow Hi Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Super Hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("i"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi "));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m4 =
+      EndsWith(internal::StringView(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(EndsWithTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const std::string> m = EndsWith("Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("ends with \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests WhenBase64Unescaped.
+
+TEST(WhenBase64UnescapedTest, MatchesUnescapedBase64Strings) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = WhenBase64Unescaped(EndsWith("!"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("invalid base64"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = WhenBase64Unescaped(EndsWith("!"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("invalid base64"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 =
+      WhenBase64Unescaped(EndsWith("!"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("invalid base64"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(WhenBase64UnescapedTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m = WhenBase64Unescaped(EndsWith("!"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("matches after Base64Unescape ends with \"!\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests MatchesRegex().
+
+TEST(MatchesRegexTest, MatchesStringMatchingGivenRegex) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = MatchesRegex("a.*z");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("az"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("abcz"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = MatchesRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("azbz"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("az1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("1az"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 = MatchesRegex("a.*z");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("az")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("abcz")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("1az")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m4 =
+      MatchesRegex(internal::StringView(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(MatchesRegexTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const std::string> m1 = MatchesRegex(std::string("Hi.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"Hi.*\"", Describe(m1));
+
+  Matcher<const char*> m2 = MatchesRegex(new RE("a.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"a.*\"", Describe(m2));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView> m3 = MatchesRegex(new RE("0.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"0.*\"", Describe(m3));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+// Tests ContainsRegex().
+
+TEST(ContainsRegexTest, MatchesStringContainingGivenRegex) {
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = ContainsRegex(std::string("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("az"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("0abcz1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("azbz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("az1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("1a"));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("azbz")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("az1")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView("1a")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+  const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m4 =
+      ContainsRegex(internal::StringView(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(internal::StringView()));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+TEST(ContainsRegexTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const std::string> m1 = ContainsRegex("Hi.*");
+  EXPECT_EQ("contains regular expression \"Hi.*\"", Describe(m1));
+
+  Matcher<const char*> m2 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("contains regular expression \"a.*\"", Describe(m2));
+
+#if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+  Matcher<const internal::StringView> m3 = ContainsRegex(new RE("0.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("contains regular expression \"0.*\"", Describe(m3));
+#endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+}
+
+// Tests for wide strings.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+TEST(StdWideStrEqTest, MatchesEqual) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrEq(::std::wstring(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(L"hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = StrEq(L"Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"Hi"));
+
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m3 = StrEq(L"\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(L"\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(L"\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74E"));
+
+  ::std::wstring str(L"01204500800");
+  str[3] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m4 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(str));
+  str[0] = str[6] = str[7] = str[9] = str[10] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m5 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m5.Matches(str));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m = StrEq(L"Hi-\'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v");
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to L\"Hi-\'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\"",
+            Describe(m));
+
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m2 = StrEq(L"\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D");
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to L\"\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D\"", Describe(m2));
+
+  ::std::wstring str(L"01204500800");
+  str[3] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m4 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to L\"012\\04500800\"", Describe(m4));
+  str[0] = str[6] = str[7] = str[9] = str[10] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m5 = StrEq(str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to L\"\\012\\045\\0\\08\\0\\0\"", Describe(m5));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrNeTest, MatchesUnequalString) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrNe(L"Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(L""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(L"Hello"));
+
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m2 = StrNe(::std::wstring(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"Hello"));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrNe(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to L\"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringIgnoringCase) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrCaseEq(::std::wstring(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(L"hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = StrCaseEq(L"Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"Hi"));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringWith0IgnoringCase) {
+  ::std::wstring str1(L"oabocdooeoo");
+  ::std::wstring str2(L"OABOCDOOEOO");
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m0 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m0.Matches(str2 + ::std::wstring(1, L'\0')));
+
+  str1[3] = str2[3] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m1 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(str2));
+
+  str1[0] = str1[6] = str1[7] = str1[10] = L'\0';
+  str2[0] = str2[6] = str2[7] = str2[10] = L'\0';
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  str1[9] = str2[9] = L'\0';
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(str2));
+
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m3 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(str2));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2 + L"x"));
+  str2.append(1, L'\0');
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(::std::wstring(str2, 0, 9)));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrCaseEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m = StrCaseEq(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to (ignoring case) L\"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrCaseNeTest, MatchesUnequalStringIgnoringCase) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrCaseNe(L"Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(L"hello"));
+
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m2 = StrCaseNe(::std::wstring(L"Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"Hello"));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStrCaseNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const wchar_t*> m = StrCaseNe(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to (ignoring case) L\"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching wstring-typed values.
+TEST(StdWideHasSubstrTest, WorksForStringClasses) {
+  const Matcher<::std::wstring> m1 = HasSubstr(L"foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(::std::wstring(L"I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(::std::wstring(L"tofo")));
+
+  const Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = HasSubstr(L"foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(::std::wstring(L"I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(::std::wstring(L"tofo")));
+}
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching C-wide-string-typed values.
+TEST(StdWideHasSubstrTest, WorksForCStrings) {
+  const Matcher<wchar_t*> m1 = HasSubstr(L"foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(const_cast<wchar_t*>(L"I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(const_cast<wchar_t*>(L"tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const wchar_t*> m2 = HasSubstr(L"foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"I love food."));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"tofo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(nullptr));
+}
+
+// Tests that HasSubstr(s) describes itself properly.
+TEST(StdWideHasSubstrTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<::std::wstring> m = HasSubstr(L"foo\n\"");
+  EXPECT_EQ("has substring L\"foo\\n\\\"\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests StartsWith(s).
+
+TEST(StdWideStartsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenPrefix) {
+  const Matcher<const wchar_t*> m1 = StartsWith(::std::wstring(L""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(L""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = StartsWith(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Hi Hi!"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"High"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"H"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L" Hi"));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideStartsWithTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring> m = StartsWith(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("starts with L\"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests EndsWith(s).
+
+TEST(StdWideEndsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenSuffix) {
+  const Matcher<const wchar_t*> m1 = EndsWith(L"");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(L""));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(nullptr));
+
+  const Matcher<const ::std::wstring&> m2 = EndsWith(::std::wstring(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Wow Hi Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(L"Super Hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"i"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(L"Hi "));
+}
+
+TEST(StdWideEndsWithTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::std::wstring> m = EndsWith(L"Hi");
+  EXPECT_EQ("ends with L\"Hi\"", Describe(m));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, WorksWithPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  StringMatchResultListener listener1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ExplainMatchResult(PolymorphicIsEven(), 42, &listener1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("% 2 == 0", listener1.str());
+
+  StringMatchResultListener listener2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ExplainMatchResult(Ge(42), 1.5, &listener2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", listener2.str());
+}
+
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, WorksWithMonomorphicMatcher) {
+  const Matcher<int> is_even = PolymorphicIsEven();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ExplainMatchResult(is_even, 42, &listener1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("% 2 == 0", listener1.str());
+
+  const Matcher<const double&> is_zero = Eq(0);
+  StringMatchResultListener listener2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ExplainMatchResult(is_zero, 1.5, &listener2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", listener2.str());
+}
+
+MATCHER(ConstructNoArg, "") { return true; }
+MATCHER_P(Construct1Arg, arg1, "") { return true; }
+MATCHER_P2(Construct2Args, arg1, arg2, "") { return true; }
+
+TEST(MatcherConstruct, ExplicitVsImplicit) {
+  {
+    // No arg constructor can be constructed with empty brace.
+    ConstructNoArgMatcher m = {};
+    (void)m;
+    // And with no args
+    ConstructNoArgMatcher m2;
+    (void)m2;
+  }
+  {
+    // The one arg constructor has an explicit constructor.
+    // This is to prevent the implicit conversion.
+    using M = Construct1ArgMatcherP<int>;
+    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_constructible<M, int>::value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE((std::is_convertible<int, M>::value));
+  }
+  {
+    // Multiple arg matchers can be constructed with an implicit construction.
+    Construct2ArgsMatcherP2<int, double> m = {1, 2.2};
+    (void)m;
+  }
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(Really, inner_matcher, "") {
+  return ExplainMatchResult(inner_matcher, arg, result_listener);
+}
+
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, WorksInsideMATCHER) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Really(Eq(0)));
+}
+
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithValue) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to 42", DescribeMatcher<int>(42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to 42", DescribeMatcher<int>(42, true));
+}
+
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithMonomorphicMatcher) {
+  const Matcher<int> monomorphic = Le(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is <= 0", DescribeMatcher<int>(monomorphic));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't <= 0", DescribeMatcher<int>(monomorphic, true));
+}
+
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", DescribeMatcher<int>(PolymorphicIsEven()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is odd", DescribeMatcher<int>(PolymorphicIsEven(), true));
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(FieldIIs, inner_matcher, "") {
+  return ExplainMatchResult(inner_matcher, arg.i, result_listener);
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, SameType) {
+  Derived derived;
+  derived.i = 4;
+
+  // Right type. A pointer is passed down.
+  Base* as_base_ptr = &derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Not(IsNull())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(FieldIIs(4))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr,
+              Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(FieldIIs(5)))));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, WrongTypes) {
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  OtherDerived other_derived;
+
+  // Wrong types. NULL is passed.
+  EXPECT_THAT(&base, Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(_))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(&base, WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(IsNull()));
+  Base* as_base_ptr = &derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<OtherDerived*>(Pointee(_))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, WhenDynamicCastTo<OtherDerived*>(IsNull()));
+  as_base_ptr = &other_derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(_))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(IsNull()));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, AlreadyNull) {
+  // Already NULL.
+  Base* as_base_ptr = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr, WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(IsNull()));
+}
+
+struct AmbiguousCastTypes {
+  class VirtualDerived : public virtual Base {};
+  class DerivedSub1 : public VirtualDerived {};
+  class DerivedSub2 : public VirtualDerived {};
+  class ManyDerivedInHierarchy : public DerivedSub1, public DerivedSub2 {};
+};
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, AmbiguousCast) {
+  AmbiguousCastTypes::DerivedSub1 sub1;
+  AmbiguousCastTypes::ManyDerivedInHierarchy many_derived;
+  // Multiply derived from Base. dynamic_cast<> returns NULL.
+  Base* as_base_ptr =
+      static_cast<AmbiguousCastTypes::DerivedSub1*>(&many_derived);
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ptr,
+              WhenDynamicCastTo<AmbiguousCastTypes::VirtualDerived*>(IsNull()));
+  as_base_ptr = &sub1;
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      as_base_ptr,
+      WhenDynamicCastTo<AmbiguousCastTypes::VirtualDerived*>(Not(IsNull())));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, Describe) {
+  Matcher<Base*> matcher = WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(_));
+  const std::string prefix =
+      "when dynamic_cast to " + internal::GetTypeName<Derived*>() + ", ";
+  EXPECT_EQ(prefix + "points to a value that is anything", Describe(matcher));
+  EXPECT_EQ(prefix + "does not point to a value that is anything",
+            DescribeNegation(matcher));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, Explain) {
+  Matcher<Base*> matcher = WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(_));
+  Base* null = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(matcher, null), HasSubstr("NULL"));
+  Derived derived;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches(&derived));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(matcher, &derived), HasSubstr("which points to "));
+
+  // With references, the matcher itself can fail. Test for that one.
+  Matcher<const Base&> ref_matcher = WhenDynamicCastTo<const OtherDerived&>(_);
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(ref_matcher, derived),
+              HasSubstr("which cannot be dynamic_cast"));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, GoodReference) {
+  Derived derived;
+  derived.i = 4;
+  Base& as_base_ref = derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ref, WhenDynamicCastTo<const Derived&>(FieldIIs(4)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ref, WhenDynamicCastTo<const Derived&>(Not(FieldIIs(5))));
+}
+
+TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, BadReference) {
+  Derived derived;
+  Base& as_base_ref = derived;
+  EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ref, Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<const OtherDerived&>(_)));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+
+class DivisibleByImpl {
+ public:
+  explicit DivisibleByImpl(int a_divider) : divider_(a_divider) {}
+
+  // For testing using ExplainMatchResultTo() with polymorphic matchers.
+  template <typename T>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const T& n, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    *listener << "which is " << (n % divider_) << " modulo " << divider_;
+    return (n % divider_) == 0;
+  }
+
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const { *os << "is divisible by " << divider_; }
+
+  void DescribeNegationTo(ostream* os) const {
+    *os << "is not divisible by " << divider_;
+  }
+
+  void set_divider(int a_divider) { divider_ = a_divider; }
+  int divider() const { return divider_; }
+
+ private:
+  int divider_;
+};
+
+PolymorphicMatcher<DivisibleByImpl> DivisibleBy(int n) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(DivisibleByImpl(n));
+}
+
+// Tests that when AllOf() fails, only the first failing matcher is
+// asked to explain why.
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, AllOf_False_False) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = AllOf(DivisibleBy(4), DivisibleBy(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 modulo 4", Explain(m, 5));
+}
+
+// Tests that when AllOf() fails, only the first failing matcher is
+// asked to explain why.
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, AllOf_False_True) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = AllOf(DivisibleBy(4), DivisibleBy(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 2 modulo 4", Explain(m, 6));
+}
+
+// Tests that when AllOf() fails, only the first failing matcher is
+// asked to explain why.
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, AllOf_True_False) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = AllOf(Ge(1), DivisibleBy(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 2 modulo 3", Explain(m, 5));
+}
+
+// Tests that when AllOf() succeeds, all matchers are asked to explain
+// why.
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, AllOf_True_True) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = AllOf(DivisibleBy(2), DivisibleBy(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 0 modulo 2, and which is 0 modulo 3", Explain(m, 6));
+}
+
+TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, AllOf_True_True_2) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = AllOf(Ge(2), Le(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 2));
+}
+
+TEST(ExplainmatcherResultTest, MonomorphicMatcher) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = GreaterThan(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 more than 5", Explain(m, 6));
+}
+
+// Tests PolymorphicMatcher::mutable_impl().
+TEST(PolymorphicMatcherTest, CanAccessMutableImpl) {
+  PolymorphicMatcher<DivisibleByImpl> m(DivisibleByImpl(42));
+  DivisibleByImpl& impl = m.mutable_impl();
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, impl.divider());
+
+  impl.set_divider(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.mutable_impl().divider());
+}
+
+// Tests PolymorphicMatcher::impl().
+TEST(PolymorphicMatcherTest, CanAccessImpl) {
+  const PolymorphicMatcher<DivisibleByImpl> m(DivisibleByImpl(42));
+  const DivisibleByImpl& impl = m.impl();
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, impl.divider());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc

+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
+
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#endif
+
+#include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace gmock_matchers_test {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(AddressTest, NonConst) {
+  int n = 1;
+  const Matcher<int> m = Address(Eq(&n));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n));
+
+  int other = 5;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(other));
+
+  int& n_ref = n;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n_ref));
+}
+
+TEST(AddressTest, Const) {
+  const int n = 1;
+  const Matcher<int> m = Address(Eq(&n));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n));
+
+  int other = 5;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(other));
+}
+
+TEST(AddressTest, MatcherDoesntCopy) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> n(new int(1));
+  const Matcher<std::unique_ptr<int>> m = Address(Eq(&n));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n));
+}
+
+TEST(AddressTest, Describe) {
+  Matcher<int> matcher = Address(_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("has address that is anything", Describe(matcher));
+  EXPECT_EQ("does not have address that is anything",
+            DescribeNegation(matcher));
+}
+
+// The following two tests verify that values without a public copy
+// ctor can be used as arguments to matchers like Eq(), Ge(), and etc
+// with the help of ByRef().
+
+class NotCopyable {
+ public:
+  explicit NotCopyable(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+  bool operator==(const NotCopyable& rhs) const {
+    return value() == rhs.value();
+  }
+
+  bool operator>=(const NotCopyable& rhs) const {
+    return value() >= rhs.value();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NotCopyable);
+};
+
+TEST(ByRefTest, AllowsNotCopyableConstValueInMatchers) {
+  const NotCopyable const_value1(1);
+  const Matcher<const NotCopyable&> m = Eq(ByRef(const_value1));
+
+  const NotCopyable n1(1), n2(2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(n2));
+}
+
+TEST(ByRefTest, AllowsNotCopyableValueInMatchers) {
+  NotCopyable value2(2);
+  const Matcher<NotCopyable&> m = Ge(ByRef(value2));
+
+  NotCopyable n1(1), n2(2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(n1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(n2));
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, ImplementsIsEmpty) {
+  vector<int> container;
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, IsEmpty());
+  container.push_back(0);
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(IsEmpty()));
+  container.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(IsEmpty()));
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, WorksWithString) {
+  std::string text;
+  EXPECT_THAT(text, IsEmpty());
+  text = "foo";
+  EXPECT_THAT(text, Not(IsEmpty()));
+  text = std::string("\0", 1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(text, Not(IsEmpty()));
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<vector<int>> m = IsEmpty();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is empty", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't empty", DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, ExplainsResult) {
+  Matcher<vector<int>> m = IsEmpty();
+  vector<int> container;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, container));
+  container.push_back(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose size is 1", Explain(m, container));
+}
+
+TEST(IsEmptyTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+  ContainerHelper helper;
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, Call(IsEmpty()));
+  helper.Call({});
+}
+
+TEST(IsTrueTest, IsTrueIsFalse) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(IsFalse()));
+  int a = 42;
+  EXPECT_THAT(a, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(a, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(&a, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(&a, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::true_type(), IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::true_type(), Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::false_type(), IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::false_type(), Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, IsFalse());
+  std::unique_ptr<int> null_unique;
+  std::unique_ptr<int> nonnull_unique(new int(0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(null_unique, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(null_unique, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, Not(IsFalse()));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+// Tests ContainerEq with different container types, and
+// different element types.
+
+template <typename T>
+class ContainerEqTest : public testing::Test {};
+
+typedef testing::Types<set<int>, vector<size_t>, multiset<size_t>, list<int>>
+    ContainerEqTestTypes;
+
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(ContainerEqTest, ContainerEqTestTypes);
+
+// Tests that the filled container is equal to itself.
+TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, EqualsSelf) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  TypeParam my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  const Matcher<TypeParam> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(my_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, my_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that missing values are reported.
+TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, ValueMissing) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {2, 1, 8, 5};
+  TypeParam my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  TypeParam test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 4);
+  const Matcher<TypeParam> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which doesn't have these expected elements: 3",
+            Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that added values are reported.
+TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, ValueAdded) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 46};
+  TypeParam my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  TypeParam test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 6);
+  const Matcher<const TypeParam&> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which has these unexpected elements: 46", Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that added and missing values are reported together.
+TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, ValueAddedAndRemoved) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 3, 8, 46};
+  TypeParam my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  TypeParam test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 5);
+  const Matcher<TypeParam> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which has these unexpected elements: 46,\n"
+      "and doesn't have these expected elements: 5",
+      Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests duplicated value -- expect no explanation.
+TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, DuplicateDifference) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  TypeParam my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  TypeParam test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 5);
+  const Matcher<const TypeParam&> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  // Depending on the container, match may be true or false
+  // But in any case there should be no explanation.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+
+// Tests that multiple missing values are reported.
+// Using just vector here, so order is predictable.
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesMissing) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {2, 1, 5};
+  vector<int> my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  vector<int> test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 3);
+  const Matcher<vector<int>> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which doesn't have these expected elements: 3, 8",
+            Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that added values are reported.
+// Using just vector here, so order is predictable.
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesAdded) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 92, 3, 5, 8, 46};
+  list<size_t> my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  list<size_t> test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 7);
+  const Matcher<const list<size_t>&> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which has these unexpected elements: 92, 46",
+            Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that added and missing values are reported together.
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesAddedAndRemoved) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 3, 92, 46};
+  list<size_t> my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  list<size_t> test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 5);
+  const Matcher<const list<size_t>> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which has these unexpected elements: 92, 46,\n"
+      "and doesn't have these expected elements: 5, 8",
+      Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests to see that duplicate elements are detected,
+// but (as above) not reported in the explanation.
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultiSetOfIntDuplicateDifference) {
+  static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
+  vector<int> my_set(vals, vals + 6);
+  vector<int> test_set(test_vals, test_vals + 5);
+  const Matcher<vector<int>> m = ContainerEq(my_set);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(my_set));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_set));
+  // There is nothing to report when both sets contain all the same values.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, test_set));
+}
+
+// Tests that ContainerEq works for non-trivial associative containers,
+// like maps.
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, WorksForMaps) {
+  map<int, std::string> my_map;
+  my_map[0] = "a";
+  my_map[1] = "b";
+
+  map<int, std::string> test_map;
+  test_map[0] = "aa";
+  test_map[1] = "b";
+
+  const Matcher<const map<int, std::string>&> m = ContainerEq(my_map);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(my_map));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_map));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which has these unexpected elements: (0, \"aa\"),\n"
+      "and doesn't have these expected elements: (0, \"a\")",
+      Explain(m, test_map));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, WorksForNativeArray) {
+  int a1[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  int a2[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  int b[] = {1, 2, 4};
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, ContainerEq(a2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, Not(ContainerEq(b)));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
+  const char a1[][3] = {"hi", "lo"};
+  const char a2[][3] = {"hi", "lo"};
+  const char b[][3] = {"lo", "hi"};
+
+  // Tests using ContainerEq() in the first dimension.
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, ContainerEq(a2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, Not(ContainerEq(b)));
+
+  // Tests using ContainerEq() in the second dimension.
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, ElementsAre(ContainerEq(a2[0]), ContainerEq(a2[1])));
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, ElementsAre(Not(ContainerEq(b[0])), ContainerEq(a2[1])));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, WorksForNativeArrayAsTuple) {
+  const int a1[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  const int a2[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  const int b[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+  const int* const p1 = a1;
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(p1, 3), ContainerEq(a2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(p1, 3), Not(ContainerEq(b)));
+
+  const int c[] = {1, 3, 2};
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(p1, 3), Not(ContainerEq(c)));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, CopiesNativeArrayParameter) {
+  std::string a1[][3] = {{"hi", "hello", "ciao"}, {"bye", "see you", "ciao"}};
+
+  std::string a2[][3] = {{"hi", "hello", "ciao"}, {"bye", "see you", "ciao"}};
+
+  const Matcher<const std::string(&)[2][3]> m = ContainerEq(a2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, m);
+
+  a2[0][0] = "ha";
+  EXPECT_THAT(a1, m);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Used as a check on the more complex max flow method used in the
+// real testing::internal::FindMaxBipartiteMatching. This method is
+// compatible but runs in worst-case factorial time, so we only
+// use it in testing for small problem sizes.
+template <typename Graph>
+class BacktrackingMaxBPMState {
+ public:
+  // Does not take ownership of 'g'.
+  explicit BacktrackingMaxBPMState(const Graph* g) : graph_(g) {}
+
+  ElementMatcherPairs Compute() {
+    if (graph_->LhsSize() == 0 || graph_->RhsSize() == 0) {
+      return best_so_far_;
+    }
+    lhs_used_.assign(graph_->LhsSize(), kUnused);
+    rhs_used_.assign(graph_->RhsSize(), kUnused);
+    for (size_t irhs = 0; irhs < graph_->RhsSize(); ++irhs) {
+      matches_.clear();
+      RecurseInto(irhs);
+      if (best_so_far_.size() == graph_->RhsSize()) break;
+    }
+    return best_so_far_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static const size_t kUnused = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+  void PushMatch(size_t lhs, size_t rhs) {
+    matches_.push_back(ElementMatcherPair(lhs, rhs));
+    lhs_used_[lhs] = rhs;
+    rhs_used_[rhs] = lhs;
+    if (matches_.size() > best_so_far_.size()) {
+      best_so_far_ = matches_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PopMatch() {
+    const ElementMatcherPair& back = matches_.back();
+    lhs_used_[back.first] = kUnused;
+    rhs_used_[back.second] = kUnused;
+    matches_.pop_back();
+  }
+
+  bool RecurseInto(size_t irhs) {
+    if (rhs_used_[irhs] != kUnused) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    for (size_t ilhs = 0; ilhs < graph_->LhsSize(); ++ilhs) {
+      if (lhs_used_[ilhs] != kUnused) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!graph_->HasEdge(ilhs, irhs)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      PushMatch(ilhs, irhs);
+      if (best_so_far_.size() == graph_->RhsSize()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (size_t mi = irhs + 1; mi < graph_->RhsSize(); ++mi) {
+        if (!RecurseInto(mi)) return false;
+      }
+      PopMatch();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const Graph* graph_;  // not owned
+  std::vector<size_t> lhs_used_;
+  std::vector<size_t> rhs_used_;
+  ElementMatcherPairs matches_;
+  ElementMatcherPairs best_so_far_;
+};
+
+template <typename Graph>
+const size_t BacktrackingMaxBPMState<Graph>::kUnused;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Implement a simple backtracking algorithm to determine if it is possible
+// to find one element per matcher, without reusing elements.
+template <typename Graph>
+ElementMatcherPairs FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(const Graph& g) {
+  return BacktrackingMaxBPMState<Graph>(&g).Compute();
+}
+
+class BacktrackingBPMTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+// Tests the MaxBipartiteMatching algorithm with square matrices.
+// The single int param is the # of nodes on each of the left and right sides.
+class BipartiteTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<size_t> {};
+
+// Verify all match graphs up to some moderate number of edges.
+TEST_P(BipartiteTest, Exhaustive) {
+  size_t nodes = GetParam();
+  MatchMatrix graph(nodes, nodes);
+  do {
+    ElementMatcherPairs matches = internal::FindMaxBipartiteMatching(graph);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(graph).size(), matches.size())
+        << "graph: " << graph.DebugString();
+    // Check that all elements of matches are in the graph.
+    // Check that elements of first and second are unique.
+    std::vector<bool> seen_element(graph.LhsSize());
+    std::vector<bool> seen_matcher(graph.RhsSize());
+    SCOPED_TRACE(PrintToString(matches));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < matches.size(); ++i) {
+      size_t ilhs = matches[i].first;
+      size_t irhs = matches[i].second;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(graph.HasEdge(ilhs, irhs));
+      EXPECT_FALSE(seen_element[ilhs]);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(seen_matcher[irhs]);
+      seen_element[ilhs] = true;
+      seen_matcher[irhs] = true;
+    }
+  } while (graph.NextGraph());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AllGraphs, BipartiteTest,
+                         ::testing::Range(size_t{0}, size_t{5}));
+
+// Parameterized by a pair interpreted as (LhsSize, RhsSize).
+class BipartiteNonSquareTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::pair<size_t, size_t>> {};
+
+TEST_F(BipartiteNonSquareTest, SimpleBacktracking) {
+  //   .......
+  // 0:-----\ :
+  // 1:---\ | :
+  // 2:---\ | :
+  // 3:-\ | | :
+  //  :.......:
+  //    0 1 2
+  MatchMatrix g(4, 3);
+  constexpr std::array<std::array<size_t, 2>, 4> kEdges = {
+      {{{0, 2}}, {{1, 1}}, {{2, 1}}, {{3, 0}}}};
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kEdges.size(); ++i) {
+    g.SetEdge(kEdges[i][0], kEdges[i][1], true);
+  }
+  EXPECT_THAT(FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(g),
+              ElementsAre(Pair(3, 0), Pair(AnyOf(1, 2), 1), Pair(0, 2)))
+      << g.DebugString();
+}
+
+// Verify a few nonsquare matrices.
+TEST_P(BipartiteNonSquareTest, Exhaustive) {
+  size_t nlhs = GetParam().first;
+  size_t nrhs = GetParam().second;
+  MatchMatrix graph(nlhs, nrhs);
+  do {
+    EXPECT_EQ(FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(graph).size(),
+              internal::FindMaxBipartiteMatching(graph).size())
+        << "graph: " << graph.DebugString()
+        << "\nbacktracking: " << PrintToString(FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(graph))
+        << "\nmax flow: "
+        << PrintToString(internal::FindMaxBipartiteMatching(graph));
+  } while (graph.NextGraph());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AllGraphs, BipartiteNonSquareTest,
+    testing::Values(std::make_pair(1, 2), std::make_pair(2, 1),
+                    std::make_pair(3, 2), std::make_pair(2, 3),
+                    std::make_pair(4, 1), std::make_pair(1, 4),
+                    std::make_pair(4, 3), std::make_pair(3, 4)));
+
+class BipartiteRandomTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::pair<int, int>> {};
+
+// Verifies a large sample of larger graphs.
+TEST_P(BipartiteRandomTest, LargerNets) {
+  int nodes = GetParam().first;
+  int iters = GetParam().second;
+  MatchMatrix graph(static_cast<size_t>(nodes), static_cast<size_t>(nodes));
+
+  auto seed = static_cast<uint32_t>(GTEST_FLAG_GET(random_seed));
+  if (seed == 0) {
+    seed = static_cast<uint32_t>(time(nullptr));
+  }
+
+  for (; iters > 0; --iters, ++seed) {
+    srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(seed));
+    graph.Randomize();
+    EXPECT_EQ(FindBacktrackingMaxBPM(graph).size(),
+              internal::FindMaxBipartiteMatching(graph).size())
+        << " graph: " << graph.DebugString()
+        << "\nTo reproduce the failure, rerun the test with the flag"
+           " --"
+        << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << "random_seed=" << seed;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test argument is a std::pair<int, int> representing (nodes, iters).
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Samples, BipartiteRandomTest,
+                         testing::Values(std::make_pair(5, 10000),
+                                         std::make_pair(6, 5000),
+                                         std::make_pair(7, 2000),
+                                         std::make_pair(8, 500),
+                                         std::make_pair(9, 100)));
+
+// Tests IsReadableTypeName().
+
+TEST(IsReadableTypeNameTest, ReturnsTrueForShortNames) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("int"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("const unsigned char*"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("MyMap<int, void*>"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("void (*)(int, bool)"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsReadableTypeNameTest, ReturnsTrueForLongNonTemplateNonFunctionNames) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("my_long_namespace::MyClassName"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("int [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsReadableTypeName("my_namespace::MyOuterClass::MyInnerClass"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsReadableTypeNameTest, ReturnsFalseForLongTemplateNames) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      IsReadableTypeName("basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char> >"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsReadableTypeName("std::vector<int, std::alloc_traits<int> >"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsReadableTypeNameTest, ReturnsFalseForLongFunctionTypeNames) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsReadableTypeName("void (&)(int, bool, char, float)"));
+}
+
+// Tests FormatMatcherDescription().
+
+TEST(FormatMatcherDescriptionTest, WorksForEmptyDescription) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even",
+            FormatMatcherDescription(false, "IsEven", {}, Strings()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not (is even)",
+            FormatMatcherDescription(true, "IsEven", {}, Strings()));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("equals (a: 5)",
+            FormatMatcherDescription(false, "Equals", {"a"}, {"5"}));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "is in range (a: 5, b: 8)",
+      FormatMatcherDescription(false, "IsInRange", {"a", "b"}, {"5", "8"}));
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherTupleTest, ExplainsMatchFailure) {
+  stringstream ss1;
+  ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(
+      std::make_tuple(Matcher<char>(Eq('a')), GreaterThan(5)),
+      std::make_tuple('a', 10), &ss1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", ss1.str());  // Successful match.
+
+  stringstream ss2;
+  ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(
+      std::make_tuple(GreaterThan(5), Matcher<char>(Eq('a'))),
+      std::make_tuple(2, 'b'), &ss2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  Expected arg #0: is > 5\n"
+      "           Actual: 2, which is 3 less than 5\n"
+      "  Expected arg #1: is equal to 'a' (97, 0x61)\n"
+      "           Actual: 'b' (98, 0x62)\n",
+      ss2.str());  // Failed match where both arguments need explanation.
+
+  stringstream ss3;
+  ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(
+      std::make_tuple(GreaterThan(5), Matcher<char>(Eq('a'))),
+      std::make_tuple(2, 'a'), &ss3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  Expected arg #0: is > 5\n"
+      "           Actual: 2, which is 3 less than 5\n",
+      ss3.str());  // Failed match where only one argument needs
+                   // explanation.
+}
+
+// Sample optional type implementation with minimal requirements for use with
+// Optional matcher.
+template <typename T>
+class SampleOptional {
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  explicit SampleOptional(T value)
+      : value_(std::move(value)), has_value_(true) {}
+  SampleOptional() : value_(), has_value_(false) {}
+  operator bool() const { return has_value_; }
+  const T& operator*() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  T value_;
+  bool has_value_;
+};
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m = Optional(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("value is equal to 1", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m = Optional(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose value 1 matches", Explain(m, SampleOptional<int>(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose value 2 doesn't match", Explain(m, SampleOptional<int>(2)));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, MatchesNonEmptyOptional) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m1 = Optional(1);
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m2 = Optional(Eq(2));
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m3 = Optional(Lt(3));
+  SampleOptional<int> opt(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(opt));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(opt));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(opt));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, DoesNotMatchNullopt) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptional<int>> m = Optional(1);
+  SampleOptional<int> empty;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(empty));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
+  Matcher<SampleOptional<std::unique_ptr<int>>> m = Optional(Eq(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleOptional<std::unique_ptr<int>>(nullptr)));
+}
+
+class SampleVariantIntString {
+ public:
+  SampleVariantIntString(int i) : i_(i), has_int_(true) {}
+  SampleVariantIntString(const std::string& s) : s_(s), has_int_(false) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend bool holds_alternative(const SampleVariantIntString& value) {
+    return value.has_int_ == std::is_same<T, int>::value;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend const T& get(const SampleVariantIntString& value) {
+    return value.get_impl(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const int& get_impl(int*) const { return i_; }
+  const std::string& get_impl(std::string*) const { return s_; }
+
+  int i_;
+  std::string s_;
+  bool has_int_;
+};
+
+TEST(VariantTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), ContainsRegex("is a variant<> with value of type "
+                                         "'.*' and the value is equal to 1"));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString(1)),
+              ContainsRegex("whose value 1"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString("A")),
+              HasSubstr("whose value is not of type '"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString(2)),
+              "whose value 2 doesn't match");
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, FullMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(1)));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("1")));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, TypeDoesNotMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("1")));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(1)));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, InnerDoesNotMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(2)));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("2")));
+}
+
+class SampleAnyType {
+ public:
+  explicit SampleAnyType(int i) : index_(0), i_(i) {}
+  explicit SampleAnyType(const std::string& s) : index_(1), s_(s) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend const T* any_cast(const SampleAnyType* any) {
+    return any->get_impl(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int index_;
+  int i_;
+  std::string s_;
+
+  const int* get_impl(int*) const { return index_ == 0 ? &i_ : nullptr; }
+  const std::string* get_impl(std::string*) const {
+    return index_ == 1 ? &s_ : nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, FullMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleAnyType> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleAnyType(1)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestBadCastType) {
+  Matcher<SampleAnyType> m = AnyWith<std::string>(Eq("fail"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleAnyType(1)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestUseInContainers) {
+  std::vector<SampleAnyType> a;
+  a.emplace_back(1);
+  a.emplace_back(2);
+  a.emplace_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      a, ElementsAreArray({AnyWith<int>(1), AnyWith<int>(2), AnyWith<int>(3)}));
+
+  std::vector<SampleAnyType> b;
+  b.emplace_back("hello");
+  b.emplace_back("merhaba");
+  b.emplace_back("salut");
+  EXPECT_THAT(b, ElementsAreArray({AnyWith<std::string>("hello"),
+                                   AnyWith<std::string>("merhaba"),
+                                   AnyWith<std::string>("salut")}));
+}
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestCompare) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(SampleAnyType(1), AnyWith<int>(Gt(0)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<const SampleAnyType&> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), ContainsRegex("is an 'any' type with value of type "
+                                         "'.*' and the value is equal to 1"));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<const SampleAnyType&> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType(1)), ContainsRegex("whose value 1"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType("A")),
+              HasSubstr("whose value is not of type '"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType(2)), "whose value 2 doesn't match");
+}
+
+// Tests Args<k0, ..., kn>(m).
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsZeroTemplateArg) {
+  const std::tuple<int, bool> t(5, true);
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Args<>(Eq(std::tuple<>())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<>(Ne(std::tuple<>()))));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsOneTemplateArg) {
+  const std::tuple<int, bool> t(5, true);
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Args<0>(Eq(std::make_tuple(5))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Args<1>(Eq(std::make_tuple(true))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<1>(Eq(std::make_tuple(false)))));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsTwoTemplateArgs) {
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 1>(Lt())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<1, 2>(Lt())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<0, 2>(Gt())));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsRepeatedTemplateArgs) {
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 0>(Eq())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<1, 1>(Ne())));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsDecreasingTemplateArgs) {
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<2, 0>(Gt())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<2, 1>(Lt())));
+}
+
+MATCHER(SumIsZero, "") {
+  return std::get<0>(arg) + std::get<1>(arg) + std::get<2>(arg) == 0;
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsMoreTemplateArgsThanArityOfOriginalTuple) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(-1, 2), (Args<0, 0, 1>(SumIsZero())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(1, 2), Not(Args<0, 0, 1>(SumIsZero())));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, CanBeNested) {
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long, int> t(4, 5, 6L, 6);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<1, 2, 3>(Args<1, 2>(Eq()))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 1, 3>(Args<0, 2>(Lt()))));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, CanMatchTupleByValue) {
+  typedef std::tuple<char, int, int> Tuple3;
+  const Matcher<Tuple3> m = Args<1, 2>(Lt());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple3('a', 1, 2)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple3('b', 2, 2)));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, CanMatchTupleByReference) {
+  typedef std::tuple<char, char, int> Tuple3;
+  const Matcher<const Tuple3&> m = Args<0, 1>(Lt());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tuple3('a', 'b', 2)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tuple3('b', 'b', 2)));
+}
+
+// Validates that arg is printed as str.
+MATCHER_P(PrintsAs, str, "") { return testing::PrintToString(arg) == str; }
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsTenTemplateArgs) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(0, 1L, 2, 3L, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9),
+              (Args<9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0>(
+                  PrintsAs("(9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)"))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::make_tuple(0, 1L, 2, 3L, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9),
+              Not(Args<9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0>(
+                  PrintsAs("(0, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)"))));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, DescirbesSelfCorrectly) {
+  const Matcher<std::tuple<int, bool, char>> m = Args<2, 0>(Lt());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "are a tuple whose fields (#2, #0) are a pair where "
+      "the first < the second",
+      Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, DescirbesNestedArgsCorrectly) {
+  const Matcher<const std::tuple<int, bool, char, int>&> m =
+      Args<0, 2, 3>(Args<2, 0>(Lt()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "are a tuple whose fields (#0, #2, #3) are a tuple "
+      "whose fields (#2, #0) are a pair where the first < the second",
+      Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, DescribesNegationCorrectly) {
+  const Matcher<std::tuple<int, char>> m = Args<1, 0>(Gt());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "are a tuple whose fields (#1, #0) aren't a pair "
+      "where the first > the second",
+      DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, ExplainsMatchResultWithoutInnerExplanation) {
+  const Matcher<std::tuple<bool, int, int>> m = Args<1, 2>(Eq());
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose fields (#1, #2) are (42, 42)",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple(false, 42, 42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose fields (#1, #2) are (42, 43)",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple(false, 42, 43)));
+}
+
+// For testing Args<>'s explanation.
+class LessThanMatcher : public MatcherInterface<std::tuple<char, int>> {
+ public:
+  void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* /*os*/) const override {}
+
+  bool MatchAndExplain(std::tuple<char, int> value,
+                       MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
+    const int diff = std::get<0>(value) - std::get<1>(value);
+    if (diff > 0) {
+      *listener << "where the first value is " << diff
+                << " more than the second";
+    }
+    return diff < 0;
+  }
+};
+
+Matcher<std::tuple<char, int>> LessThan() {
+  return MakeMatcher(new LessThanMatcher);
+}
+
+TEST(ArgsTest, ExplainsMatchResultWithInnerExplanation) {
+  const Matcher<std::tuple<char, int, int>> m = Args<0, 2>(LessThan());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose fields (#0, #2) are ('a' (97, 0x61), 42), "
+      "where the first value is 55 more than the second",
+      Explain(m, std::make_tuple('a', 42, 42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose fields (#0, #2) are ('\\0', 43)",
+            Explain(m, std::make_tuple('\0', 42, 43)));
+}
+
+// Tests for the MATCHER*() macro family.
+
+// Tests that a simple MATCHER() definition works.
+
+MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }
+
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, Works) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = IsEven();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(6));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(7));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not (is even)", DescribeNegation(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 6));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 7));
+}
+
+// This also tests that the description string can reference 'negation'.
+MATCHER(IsEven2, negation ? "is odd" : "is even") {
+  if ((arg % 2) == 0) {
+    // Verifies that we can stream to result_listener, a listener
+    // supplied by the MATCHER macro implicitly.
+    *result_listener << "OK";
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    *result_listener << "% 2 == " << (arg % 2);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// This also tests that the description string can reference matcher
+// parameters.
+MATCHER_P2(EqSumOf, x, y,
+           std::string(negation ? "doesn't equal" : "equals") + " the sum of " +
+               PrintToString(x) + " and " + PrintToString(y)) {
+  if (arg == (x + y)) {
+    *result_listener << "OK";
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    // Verifies that we can stream to the underlying stream of
+    // result_listener.
+    if (result_listener->stream() != nullptr) {
+      *result_listener->stream() << "diff == " << (x + y - arg);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests that the matcher description can reference 'negation' and the
+// matcher parameters.
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, DescriptionCanReferenceNegationAndParameters) {
+  const Matcher<int> m1 = IsEven2();
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is odd", DescribeNegation(m1));
+
+  const Matcher<int> m2 = EqSumOf(5, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ("equals the sum of 5 and 9", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("doesn't equal the sum of 5 and 9", DescribeNegation(m2));
+}
+
+// Tests explaining match result in a MATCHER* macro.
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
+  const Matcher<int> m1 = IsEven2();
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", Explain(m1, 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ("% 2 == 1", Explain(m1, 5));
+
+  const Matcher<int> m2 = EqSumOf(1, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", Explain(m2, 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("diff == -1", Explain(m2, 4));
+}
+
+// Tests that the body of MATCHER() can reference the type of the
+// value being matched.
+
+MATCHER(IsEmptyString, "") {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<::std::string, arg_type>();
+  return arg.empty();
+}
+
+MATCHER(IsEmptyStringByRef, "") {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<const ::std::string&, arg_type>();
+  return arg.empty();
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, CanReferenceArgType) {
+  const Matcher<::std::string> m1 = IsEmptyString();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(""));
+
+  const Matcher<const ::std::string&> m2 = IsEmptyStringByRef();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(""));
+}
+
+// Tests that MATCHER() can be used in a namespace.
+
+namespace matcher_test {
+MATCHER(IsOdd, "") { return (arg % 2) != 0; }
+}  // namespace matcher_test
+
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, WorksInNamespace) {
+  Matcher<int> m = matcher_test::IsOdd();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(5));
+}
+
+// Tests that Value() can be used to compose matchers.
+MATCHER(IsPositiveOdd, "") {
+  return Value(arg, matcher_test::IsOdd()) && arg > 0;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, CanBeComposedUsingValue) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, IsPositiveOdd());
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(IsPositiveOdd()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, Not(IsPositiveOdd()));
+}
+
+// Tests that a simple MATCHER_P() definition works.
+
+MATCHER_P(IsGreaterThan32And, n, "") { return arg > 32 && arg > n; }
+
+TEST(MatcherPMacroTest, Works) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = IsGreaterThan32And(5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(36));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(5));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is greater than 32 and (n: 5)", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not (is greater than 32 and (n: 5))", DescribeNegation(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 36));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 5));
+}
+
+// Tests that the description is calculated correctly from the matcher name.
+MATCHER_P(_is_Greater_Than32and_, n, "") { return arg > 32 && arg > n; }
+
+TEST(MatcherPMacroTest, GeneratesCorrectDescription) {
+  const Matcher<int> m = _is_Greater_Than32and_(5);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is greater than 32 and (n: 5)", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not (is greater than 32 and (n: 5))", DescribeNegation(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 36));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 5));
+}
+
+// Tests that a MATCHER_P matcher can be explicitly instantiated with
+// a reference parameter type.
+
+class UncopyableFoo {
+ public:
+  explicit UncopyableFoo(char value) : value_(value) { (void)value_; }
+
+  UncopyableFoo(const UncopyableFoo&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const UncopyableFoo&) = delete;
+
+ private:
+  char value_;
+};
+
+MATCHER_P(ReferencesUncopyable, variable, "") { return &arg == &variable; }
+
+TEST(MatcherPMacroTest, WorksWhenExplicitlyInstantiatedWithReference) {
+  UncopyableFoo foo1('1'), foo2('2');
+  const Matcher<const UncopyableFoo&> m =
+      ReferencesUncopyable<const UncopyableFoo&>(foo1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(foo1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(foo2));
+
+  // We don't want the address of the parameter printed, as most
+  // likely it will just annoy the user.  If the address is
+  // interesting, the user should consider passing the parameter by
+  // pointer instead.
+  EXPECT_EQ("references uncopyable (variable: 1-byte object <31>)",
+            Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that the body of MATCHER_Pn() can reference the parameter
+// types.
+
+MATCHER_P3(ParamTypesAreIntLongAndChar, foo, bar, baz, "") {
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<int, foo_type>();
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<long, bar_type>();  // NOLINT
+  StaticAssertTypeEq<char, baz_type>();
+  return arg == 0;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, CanReferenceParamTypes) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, ParamTypesAreIntLongAndChar(10, 20L, 'a'));
+}
+
+// Tests that a MATCHER_Pn matcher can be explicitly instantiated with
+// reference parameter types.
+
+MATCHER_P2(ReferencesAnyOf, variable1, variable2, "") {
+  return &arg == &variable1 || &arg == &variable2;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, WorksWhenExplicitlyInstantiatedWithReferences) {
+  UncopyableFoo foo1('1'), foo2('2'), foo3('3');
+  const Matcher<const UncopyableFoo&> const_m =
+      ReferencesAnyOf<const UncopyableFoo&, const UncopyableFoo&>(foo1, foo2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_m.Matches(foo1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_m.Matches(foo2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(const_m.Matches(foo3));
+
+  const Matcher<UncopyableFoo&> m =
+      ReferencesAnyOf<UncopyableFoo&, UncopyableFoo&>(foo1, foo2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(foo1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(foo2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(foo3));
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest,
+     GeneratesCorretDescriptionWhenExplicitlyInstantiatedWithReferences) {
+  UncopyableFoo foo1('1'), foo2('2');
+  const Matcher<const UncopyableFoo&> m =
+      ReferencesAnyOf<const UncopyableFoo&, const UncopyableFoo&>(foo1, foo2);
+
+  // We don't want the addresses of the parameters printed, as most
+  // likely they will just annoy the user.  If the addresses are
+  // interesting, the user should consider passing the parameters by
+  // pointers instead.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "references any of (variable1: 1-byte object <31>, variable2: 1-byte "
+      "object <32>)",
+      Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that a simple MATCHER_P2() definition works.
+
+MATCHER_P2(IsNotInClosedRange, low, hi, "") { return arg < low || arg > hi; }
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, Works) {
+  const Matcher<const long&> m = IsNotInClosedRange(10, 20);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(36L));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(15L));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is not in closed range (low: 10, hi: 20)", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not (is not in closed range (low: 10, hi: 20))",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 36L));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, 15L));
+}
+
+// Tests that MATCHER*() definitions can be overloaded on the number
+// of parameters; also tests MATCHER_Pn() where n >= 3.
+
+MATCHER(EqualsSumOf, "") { return arg == 0; }
+MATCHER_P(EqualsSumOf, a, "") { return arg == a; }
+MATCHER_P2(EqualsSumOf, a, b, "") { return arg == a + b; }
+MATCHER_P3(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, "") { return arg == a + b + c; }
+MATCHER_P4(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, "") { return arg == a + b + c + d; }
+MATCHER_P5(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, "") { return arg == a + b + c + d + e; }
+MATCHER_P6(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, f, "") {
+  return arg == a + b + c + d + e + f;
+}
+MATCHER_P7(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, "") {
+  return arg == a + b + c + d + e + f + g;
+}
+MATCHER_P8(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, "") {
+  return arg == a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
+}
+MATCHER_P9(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, "") {
+  return arg == a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i;
+}
+MATCHER_P10(EqualsSumOf, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, "") {
+  return arg == a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, CanBeOverloadedOnNumberOfParameters) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, EqualsSumOf());
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, EqualsSumOf(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(12, EqualsSumOf(10, 2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(123, EqualsSumOf(100, 20, 3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1234, EqualsSumOf(1000, 200, 30, 4));
+  EXPECT_THAT(12345, EqualsSumOf(10000, 2000, 300, 40, 5));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdef",
+              EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e", 'f'));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefg",
+              EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e", 'f', 'g'));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefgh", EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e",
+                                      'f', 'g', "h"));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefghi", EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e",
+                                       'f', 'g', "h", 'i'));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefghij",
+              EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e", 'f', 'g', "h",
+                          'i', ::std::string("j")));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, Not(EqualsSumOf()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, Not(EqualsSumOf(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-12, Not(EqualsSumOf(10, 2)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-123, Not(EqualsSumOf(100, 20, 3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1234, Not(EqualsSumOf(1000, 200, 30, 4)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(-12345, Not(EqualsSumOf(10000, 2000, 300, 40, 5)));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdef ",
+              Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e", 'f')));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefg ", Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d",
+                                          "e", 'f', 'g')));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefgh ", Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d",
+                                           "e", 'f', 'g', "h")));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefghi ", Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d",
+                                            "e", 'f', 'g', "h", 'i')));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcdefghij ",
+              Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), 'b', 'c', "d", "e", 'f', 'g',
+                              "h", 'i', ::std::string("j"))));
+}
+
+// Tests that a MATCHER_Pn() definition can be instantiated with any
+// compatible parameter types.
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, WorksForDifferentParameterTypes) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(123, EqualsSumOf(100L, 20, static_cast<char>(3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcd", EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), "b", 'c', "d"));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(124, Not(EqualsSumOf(100L, 20, static_cast<char>(3))));
+  EXPECT_THAT("abcde", Not(EqualsSumOf(::std::string("a"), "b", 'c', "d")));
+}
+
+// Tests that the matcher body can promote the parameter types.
+
+MATCHER_P2(EqConcat, prefix, suffix, "") {
+  // The following lines promote the two parameters to desired types.
+  std::string prefix_str(prefix);
+  char suffix_char = static_cast<char>(suffix);
+  return arg == prefix_str + suffix_char;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, SimpleTypePromotion) {
+  Matcher<std::string> no_promo = EqConcat(std::string("foo"), 't');
+  Matcher<const std::string&> promo = EqConcat("foo", static_cast<int>('t'));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(no_promo.Matches("fool"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(promo.Matches("fool"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(no_promo.Matches("foot"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(promo.Matches("foot"));
+}
+
+// Verifies the type of a MATCHER*.
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, TypesAreCorrect) {
+  // EqualsSumOf() must be assignable to a EqualsSumOfMatcher variable.
+  EqualsSumOfMatcher a0 = EqualsSumOf();
+
+  // EqualsSumOf(1) must be assignable to a EqualsSumOfMatcherP variable.
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP<int> a1 = EqualsSumOf(1);
+
+  // EqualsSumOf(p1, ..., pk) must be assignable to a EqualsSumOfMatcherPk
+  // variable, and so on.
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP2<int, char> a2 = EqualsSumOf(1, '2');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP3<int, int, char> a3 = EqualsSumOf(1, 2, '3');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP4<int, int, int, char> a4 = EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, '4');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP5<int, int, int, int, char> a5 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, '5');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP6<int, int, int, int, int, char> a6 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, '6');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP7<int, int, int, int, int, int, char> a7 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, '7');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP8<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, char> a8 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, '8');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP9<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, char> a9 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, '9');
+  EqualsSumOfMatcherP10<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, char> a10 =
+      EqualsSumOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, '0');
+
+  // Avoid "unused variable" warnings.
+  (void)a0;
+  (void)a1;
+  (void)a2;
+  (void)a3;
+  (void)a4;
+  (void)a5;
+  (void)a6;
+  (void)a7;
+  (void)a8;
+  (void)a9;
+  (void)a10;
+}
+
+// Tests that matcher-typed parameters can be used in Value() inside a
+// MATCHER_Pn definition.
+
+// Succeeds if arg matches exactly 2 of the 3 matchers.
+MATCHER_P3(TwoOf, m1, m2, m3, "") {
+  const int count = static_cast<int>(Value(arg, m1)) +
+                    static_cast<int>(Value(arg, m2)) +
+                    static_cast<int>(Value(arg, m3));
+  return count == 2;
+}
+
+TEST(MatcherPnMacroTest, CanUseMatcherTypedParameterInValue) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(42, TwoOf(Gt(0), Lt(50), Eq(10)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(TwoOf(Gt(-1), Lt(1), Eq(0))));
+}
+
+// Tests Contains().Times().
+
+TEST(ContainsTimes, ListMatchesWhenElementQuantityMatches) {
+  list<int> some_list;
+  some_list.push_back(3);
+  some_list.push_back(1);
+  some_list.push_back(2);
+  some_list.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(3).Times(2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(2).Times(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(Ge(2)).Times(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(Ge(2)).Times(Gt(2)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(4).Times(0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(_).Times(4));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Not(Contains(5).Times(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(5).Times(_));  // Times(_) always matches
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Not(Contains(3).Times(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(3).Times(Not(1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(list<int>{}, Not(Contains(_)));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainsTimes, ExplainsMatchResultCorrectly) {
+  const int a[2] = {1, 2};
+  Matcher<const int(&)[2]> m = Contains(2).Times(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose element #1 matches but whose match quantity of 1 does not match",
+      Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(3).Times(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("has no element that matches and whose match quantity of 0 matches",
+            Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(3).Times(4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has no element that matches and whose match quantity of 0 does not "
+      "match",
+      Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(2).Times(4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose element #1 matches but whose match quantity of 1 does not "
+      "match",
+      Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(GreaterThan(0)).Times(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose elements (0, 1) match and whose match quantity of 2 matches",
+            Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(GreaterThan(10)).Times(Gt(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "has no element that matches and whose match quantity of 0 does not "
+      "match",
+      Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Contains(GreaterThan(0)).Times(GreaterThan<size_t>(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "whose elements (0, 1) match but whose match quantity of 2 does not "
+      "match, which is 3 less than 5",
+      Explain(m, a));
+}
+
+TEST(ContainsTimes, DescribesItselfCorrectly) {
+  Matcher<vector<int>> m = Contains(1).Times(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("quantity of elements that match is equal to 1 is equal to 2",
+            Describe(m));
+
+  Matcher<vector<int>> m2 = Not(m);
+  EXPECT_EQ("quantity of elements that match is equal to 1 isn't equal to 2",
+            Describe(m2));
+}
+
+// Tests AllOfArray()
+
+TEST(AllOfArrayTest, BasicForms) {
+  // Iterator
+  std::vector<int> v0{};
+  std::vector<int> v1{1};
+  std::vector<int> v2{2, 3};
+  std::vector<int> v3{4, 4, 4};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AllOfArray(v0.begin(), v0.end()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray(v1.begin(), v1.end()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray(v1.begin(), v1.end())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(AllOfArray(v2.begin(), v2.end())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, AllOfArray(v3.begin(), v3.end()));
+  // Pointer +  size
+  int ar[6] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AllOfArray(ar, 0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray(ar, 1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray(ar, 1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(AllOfArray(ar + 1, 3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, AllOfArray(ar + 3, 3));
+  // Array
+  // int ar0[0];  Not usable
+  int ar1[1] = {1};
+  int ar2[2] = {2, 3};
+  int ar3[3] = {4, 4, 4};
+  // EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AllOfArray(ar0)));  // Cannot work
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray(ar1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray(ar1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(AllOfArray(ar2)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, AllOfArray(ar3));
+  // Container
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AllOfArray(v0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray(v1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray(v1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(AllOfArray(v2)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, AllOfArray(v3));
+  // Initializer
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AllOfArray<int>({}));  // Requires template arg.
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray({1}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray({1})));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, Not(AllOfArray({2, 3})));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, AllOfArray({4, 4, 4}));
+}
+
+TEST(AllOfArrayTest, Matchers) {
+  // vector
+  std::vector<Matcher<int>> matchers{Ge(1), Lt(2)};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AllOfArray(matchers)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray(matchers));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AllOfArray(matchers)));
+  // initializer_list
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AllOfArray({Ge(0), Ge(1)})));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AllOfArray({Ge(0), Ge(1)}));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfArrayTest, BasicForms) {
+  // Iterator
+  std::vector<int> v0{};
+  std::vector<int> v1{1};
+  std::vector<int> v2{2, 3};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AnyOfArray(v0.begin(), v0.end())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AnyOfArray(v1.begin(), v1.end()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AnyOfArray(v1.begin(), v1.end())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, AnyOfArray(v2.begin(), v2.end()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(AnyOfArray(v2.begin(), v2.end())));
+  // Pointer +  size
+  int ar[3] = {1, 2, 3};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AnyOfArray(ar, 0)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AnyOfArray(ar, 1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AnyOfArray(ar, 1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, AnyOfArray(ar + 1, 2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(AnyOfArray(ar + 1, 2)));
+  // Array
+  // int ar0[0];  Not usable
+  int ar1[1] = {1};
+  int ar2[2] = {2, 3};
+  // EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AnyOfArray(ar0)));  // Cannot work
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AnyOfArray(ar1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AnyOfArray(ar1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, AnyOfArray(ar2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(AnyOfArray(ar2)));
+  // Container
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AnyOfArray(v0)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AnyOfArray(v1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AnyOfArray(v1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, AnyOfArray(v2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(AnyOfArray(v2)));
+  // Initializer
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(AnyOfArray<int>({})));  // Requires template arg.
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, AnyOfArray({1}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(AnyOfArray({1})));
+  EXPECT_THAT(3, AnyOfArray({2, 3}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(4, Not(AnyOfArray({2, 3})));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfArrayTest, Matchers) {
+  // We negate test AllOfArrayTest.Matchers.
+  // vector
+  std::vector<Matcher<int>> matchers{Lt(1), Ge(2)};
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AnyOfArray(matchers));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, Not(AnyOfArray(matchers)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, AnyOfArray(matchers));
+  // initializer_list
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, AnyOfArray({Lt(0), Lt(1)}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, Not(AllOfArray({Lt(0), Lt(1)})));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfArrayTest, ExplainsMatchResultCorrectly) {
+  // AnyOfArray and AllOfArry use the same underlying template-template,
+  // thus it is sufficient to test one here.
+  const std::vector<int> v0{};
+  const std::vector<int> v1{1};
+  const std::vector<int> v2{2, 3};
+  const Matcher<int> m0 = AnyOfArray(v0);
+  const Matcher<int> m1 = AnyOfArray(v1);
+  const Matcher<int> m2 = AnyOfArray(v2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m0, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m1, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m2, 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m2, 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ("()", Describe(m0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is equal to 1)", Describe(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(is equal to 2) or (is equal to 3)", Describe(m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("()", DescribeNegation(m0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(isn't equal to 1)", DescribeNegation(m1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("(isn't equal to 2) and (isn't equal to 3)", DescribeNegation(m2));
+  // Explain with matchers
+  const Matcher<int> g1 = AnyOfArray({GreaterThan(1)});
+  const Matcher<int> g2 = AnyOfArray({GreaterThan(1), GreaterThan(2)});
+  // Explains the first positive match and all prior negative matches...
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 less than 1", Explain(g1, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is the same as 1", Explain(g1, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 more than 1", Explain(g1, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 less than 1, and which is 2 less than 2",
+            Explain(g2, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is the same as 1, and which is 1 less than 2",
+            Explain(g2, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which is 1 more than 1",  // Only the first
+            Explain(g2, 2));
+}
+
+MATCHER(IsNotNull, "") { return arg != nullptr; }
+
+// Verifies that a matcher defined using MATCHER() can work on
+// move-only types.
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, IsNotNull());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::unique_ptr<int>(), Not(IsNotNull()));
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(UniquePointee, pointee, "") { return *arg == pointee; }
+
+// Verifies that a matcher defined using MATCHER_P*() can work on
+// move-only types.
+TEST(MatcherPMacroTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, UniquePointee(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(UniquePointee(2)));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// std::function<void()> is used below for compatibility with older copies of
+// GCC. Normally, a raw lambda is all that is needed.
+
+// Test that examples from documentation compile
+TEST(ThrowsTest, Examples) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      std::function<void()>([]() { throw std::runtime_error("message"); }),
+      Throws<std::runtime_error>());
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      std::function<void()>([]() { throw std::runtime_error("message"); }),
+      ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>(HasSubstr("message")));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, PrintsExceptionWhat) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      std::function<void()>([]() { throw std::runtime_error("ABC123XYZ"); }),
+      ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>(HasSubstr("ABC123XYZ")));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, DoesNotGenerateDuplicateCatchClauseWarning) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::function<void()>([]() { throw std::exception(); }),
+              Throws<std::exception>());
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, CallableExecutedExactlyOnce) {
+  size_t a = 0;
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::function<void()>([&a]() {
+                a++;
+                throw 10;
+              }),
+              Throws<int>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, 1u);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::function<void()>([&a]() {
+                a++;
+                throw std::runtime_error("message");
+              }),
+              Throws<std::runtime_error>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, 2u);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::function<void()>([&a]() {
+                a++;
+                throw std::runtime_error("message");
+              }),
+              ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>(HasSubstr("message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, 3u);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::function<void()>([&a]() {
+                a++;
+                throw std::runtime_error("message");
+              }),
+              Throws<std::runtime_error>(
+                  Property(&std::runtime_error::what, HasSubstr("message"))));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, 4u);
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, Describe) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<std::runtime_error>();
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
+  auto explanation = ss.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(explanation, HasSubstr("std::runtime_error"));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, Success) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<std::runtime_error>();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.MatchAndExplain(
+      []() { throw std::runtime_error("error message"); }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("std::runtime_error"));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, FailWrongType) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<std::runtime_error>();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain(
+      []() { throw std::logic_error("error message"); }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("std::logic_error"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("\"error message\""));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, FailWrongTypeNonStd) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<std::runtime_error>();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain([]() { throw 10; }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(),
+              HasSubstr("throws an exception of an unknown type"));
+}
+
+TEST(ThrowsTest, FailNoThrow) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<std::runtime_error>();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain([]() { (void)0; }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("does not throw any exception"));
+}
+
+class ThrowsPredicateTest
+    : public TestWithParam<Matcher<std::function<void()>>> {};
+
+TEST_P(ThrowsPredicateTest, Describe) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = GetParam();
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
+  auto explanation = ss.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(explanation, HasSubstr("std::runtime_error"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(explanation, HasSubstr("error message"));
+}
+
+TEST_P(ThrowsPredicateTest, Success) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = GetParam();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.MatchAndExplain(
+      []() { throw std::runtime_error("error message"); }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("std::runtime_error"));
+}
+
+TEST_P(ThrowsPredicateTest, FailWrongType) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = GetParam();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain(
+      []() { throw std::logic_error("error message"); }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("std::logic_error"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("\"error message\""));
+}
+
+TEST_P(ThrowsPredicateTest, FailWrongTypeNonStd) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = GetParam();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain([]() { throw 10; }, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(),
+              HasSubstr("throws an exception of an unknown type"));
+}
+
+TEST_P(ThrowsPredicateTest, FailNoThrow) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = GetParam();
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.MatchAndExplain([]() {}, &listener));
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), HasSubstr("does not throw any exception"));
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AllMessagePredicates, ThrowsPredicateTest,
+    Values(Matcher<std::function<void()>>(
+        ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>(HasSubstr("error message")))));
+
+// Tests that Throws<E1>(Matcher<E2>{}) compiles even when E2 != const E1&.
+TEST(ThrowsPredicateCompilesTest, ExceptionMatcherAcceptsBroadType) {
+  {
+    Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher =
+        ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>(HasSubstr("error message"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        matcher.Matches([]() { throw std::runtime_error("error message"); }));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+        matcher.Matches([]() { throw std::runtime_error("wrong message"); }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    Matcher<uint64_t> inner = Eq(10);
+    Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<uint32_t>(inner);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw(uint32_t) 10; }));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw(uint32_t) 11; }));
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests that ThrowsMessage("message") is equivalent
+// to ThrowsMessage(Eq<std::string>("message")).
+TEST(ThrowsPredicateCompilesTest, MessageMatcherAcceptsNonMatcher) {
+  Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher =
+      ThrowsMessage<std::runtime_error>("error message");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      matcher.Matches([]() { throw std::runtime_error("error message"); }));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches(
+      []() { throw std::runtime_error("wrong error message"); }));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.h

+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLEMOCK_TEST_GMOCK_MATCHERS_TEST_H_
+#define GOOGLEMOCK_TEST_GMOCK_MATCHERS_TEST_H_
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock-matchers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace gmock_matchers_test {
+
+using std::greater;
+using std::less;
+using std::list;
+using std::make_pair;
+using std::map;
+using std::multimap;
+using std::multiset;
+using std::ostream;
+using std::pair;
+using std::set;
+using std::stringstream;
+using std::vector;
+using testing::internal::DummyMatchResultListener;
+using testing::internal::ElementMatcherPair;
+using testing::internal::ElementMatcherPairs;
+using testing::internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher;
+using testing::internal::ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo;
+using testing::internal::FloatingEqMatcher;
+using testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription;
+using testing::internal::IsReadableTypeName;
+using testing::internal::MatchMatrix;
+using testing::internal::PredicateFormatterFromMatcher;
+using testing::internal::RE;
+using testing::internal::StreamMatchResultListener;
+using testing::internal::Strings;
+
+// Helper for testing container-valued matchers in mock method context. It is
+// important to test matchers in this context, since it requires additional type
+// deduction beyond what EXPECT_THAT does, thus making it more restrictive.
+struct ContainerHelper {
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Call, void(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>>));
+};
+
+// For testing ExplainMatchResultTo().
+template <typename T = int>
+class GreaterThanMatcher : public MatcherInterface<T> {
+ public:
+  explicit GreaterThanMatcher(T rhs) : rhs_(rhs) {}
+
+  void DescribeTo(ostream* os) const override { *os << "is > " << rhs_; }
+
+  bool MatchAndExplain(T lhs, MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
+    if (lhs > rhs_) {
+      *listener << "which is " << (lhs - rhs_) << " more than " << rhs_;
+    } else if (lhs == rhs_) {
+      *listener << "which is the same as " << rhs_;
+    } else {
+      *listener << "which is " << (rhs_ - lhs) << " less than " << rhs_;
+    }
+
+    return lhs > rhs_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const T rhs_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+Matcher<T> GreaterThan(T n) {
+  return MakeMatcher(new GreaterThanMatcher<T>(n));
+}
+
+// Returns the description of the given matcher.
+template <typename T>
+std::string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+  return DescribeMatcher<T>(m);
+}
+
+// Returns the description of the negation of the given matcher.
+template <typename T>
+std::string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+  return DescribeMatcher<T>(m, true);
+}
+
+// Returns the reason why x matches, or doesn't match, m.
+template <typename MatcherType, typename Value>
+std::string Explain(const MatcherType& m, const Value& x) {
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  ExplainMatchResult(m, x, &listener);
+  return listener.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GOOGLEMOCK_TEST_GMOCK_MATCHERS_TEST_H_

googlemock/test/gmock_all_test.cc

@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@
 #include "test/gmock-actions_test.cc"
 #include "test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc"
 #include "test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc"
-#include "test/gmock-matchers_test.cc"
+#include "test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc"
+#include "test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc"
+#include "test/gmock-matchers-containers_test.cc"
+#include "test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc"
 #include "test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc"
 #include "test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc"
 #include "test/gmock-port_test.cc"