Commit 6b6f40f3 authored by liukaiwen's avatar liukaiwen
Browse files

Merge branch 'master' of github.com:papayalove/Magic-PDF

parents 851d191d b7710723
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{"category_id": 15, "poly": [149.0, 343.0, 264.0, 349.0, 262.0, 383.0, 147.0, 377.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " Presentation"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [150.0, 387.0, 305.0, 387.0, 305.0, 422.0, 150.0, 422.0], "score": 0.95, "text": " Full-text available"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [140.0, 441.0, 460.0, 438.0, 460.0, 473.0, 140.0, 475.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " Cross Currency Swaption Model"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [143.0, 485.0, 239.0, 485.0, 239.0, 519.0, 143.0, 519.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "April 2023"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [139.0, 532.0, 271.0, 523.0, 274.0, 560.0, 142.0, 568.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Tim Xiao"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [140.0, 590.0, 1505.0, 592.0, 1505.0, 626.0, 140.0, 624.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "A Cross Curency European Swaption gives the holder the option to enter into a swap to exchange cash flows in two different currencies. 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1045, 1718, 1045, 1747, 991, 1747], "score": 0.26, "latex": "\\mathrm{{Nu}}(\\mathrm{{II}})"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [93.0, 136.0, 526.0, 136.0, 526.0, 161.0, 93.0, 161.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Academic Editors: W. Cantwell and J. M. Deitzel"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 214.0, 873.0, 214.0, 873.0, 249.0, 89.0, 249.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 278.0, 180.0, 278.0, 180.0, 305.0, 91.0, 305.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Abstract"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 334.0, 1540.0, 334.0, 1540.0, 365.0, 89.0, 365.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The sorption of Ni(Il) onto grape shell ash (GSA) was studied by performing batch kinetic sorption experiments. The influences of major parameters in Nickel(Il) ions"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 363.0, 1547.0, 363.0, 1547.0, 395.0, 91.0, 395.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "sorption on GS such as initial of pH, initial concentration of Ni() ions, the initial temperatures of solution, and contact time were investigated. The maximum increase in"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 424.0, 1547.0, 421.0, 1547.0, 456.0, 86.0, 458.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "rate constants and the equilbrium sorption capacities were calculated. The results indicate that the sorption process follows the second-order kinetics and the values of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 487.0, 1545.0, 487.0, 1545.0, 521.0, 89.0, 521.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "adsorption ofNill) on GSA from all the systems were found to be 0.999, and the values ofpredicted equilbrium sorption capacities showed good agreement with the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 543.0, 467.0, 546.0, 467.0, 580.0, 86.0, 577.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " that the adsorption process is spontaneous."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 607.0, 234.0, 607.0, 234.0, 633.0, 91.0, 633.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "1. Introduction"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 665.0, 1540.0, 665.0, 1540.0, 697.0, 89.0, 697.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The presence of heavy metals in the environment is of major concern because of their toxic nature and tendency for bioaccumulation in the food chain even in relatively"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 692.0, 1466.0, 692.0, 1466.0, 724.0, 89.0, 724.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "low concentrations [1-5]. The discharge of water containing heavy metals causes critical polution problems. Nickel (Ml) ion is one such heavy metal frequently"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 721.0, 1537.0, 721.0, 1537.0, 755.0, 89.0, 755.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "encountered in wastewater streams from industries such as electroplating, battery manufacture, mineral processing, steam-electric power plants, paint formulation, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 850.0, 1547.0, 850.0, 1547.0, 884.0, 89.0, 884.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "and shortness ofbreath, rapid respiration, cyanosis, and extreme weakness [9-12]. These harmful efects ofNi(ll) necessitate its removal from wastewaters before the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 877.0, 1562.0, 877.0, 1562.0, 911.0, 89.0, 911.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "release into streams. Several treatment methods such as membrane fitration, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation/reduction, ion exchange, fitration, electrochemical"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 909.0, 1557.0, 909.0, 1557.0, 943.0, 91.0, 943.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "treatment, solvent extraction, co-precipitation, and adsorption have been reported for the removal of metallc ions from water and wastewater [13]. Adsorptive removal "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 938.0, 1528.0, 938.0, 1528.0, 972.0, 89.0, 972.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "is based on the ability ofa porous adsorbent to selectively adsorb some specific compounds from the atmosphere or refinery streans. The compounds, which have a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 967.0, 1469.0, 967.0, 1469.0, 1001.0, 89.0, 1001.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "suitable size and shape, can be removed via adsorption. Based on the types of interactions between an adsorbate and a porous sorbent, the adsorption can be"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 997.0, 1523.0, 997.0, 1523.0, 1031.0, 89.0, 1031.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "categorized as a physical or chemical one [14]. Various porous adsorbents such as activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials have been investigated for"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1026.0, 490.0, 1026.0, 490.0, 1057.0, 89.0, 1057.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "adsorptive removal of hazardous compounds."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1070.0, 1530.0, 1072.0, 1530.0, 1113.0, 86.0, 1111.0], "score": 0.79, "text": "A grape is afuitnerryfthe dids wodyvns ofth btancal gesVitisGrapescan atnraor thycaneed formakingjm juic jll, ga"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1106.0, 1564.0, 1106.0, 1564.0, 1140.0, 89.0, 1140.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Italy ranks first in grape production in the world and Iran ranks eleventh in grape production, a potential of3 millon tons"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1131.0, 1542.0, 1131.0, 1542.0, 1172.0, 86.0, 1172.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "of grape are produced anually The total area planted of grape is 310.000 hectare. Thishows a high potentalof grape shell produced during pruning step each year"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1165.0, 1542.0, 1165.0, 1542.0, 1196.0, 89.0, 1196.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "that have ittle value. This leads to a need to convert this by-product to usefil, value added product, such as adsorbent. To our knowledge, no investigations have used"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1194.0, 583.0, 1194.0, 583.0, 1228.0, 89.0, 1228.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "grape shels as precursor to produce adsorbent and ash."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1245.0, 1500.0, 1245.0, 1500.0, 1279.0, 89.0, 1279.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "In this study, we attempt to utilize grape shell waste, an agricutural waste available in Iran as a sorbent to remove Niions from aqueous solution. This study mainly"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1274.0, 1540.0, 1274.0, 1540.0, 1308.0, 91.0, 1308.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "focuses on the efect of some environmental parameters such as solution pH, initial Nill) concentration, contact time, and temperature on the abity of Grape Shell ash"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1304.0, 1535.0, 1304.0, 1535.0, 1338.0, 91.0, 1338.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "(GSA) to biosorb Nim) ions from aqueous solutions and to determine the mechanism that govern Ni) ions removal as well as to find a suitable kinetic model for the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [87.0, 1330.0, 266.0, 1335.0, 265.0, 1370.0, 86.0, 1364.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "adsorption process."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1396.0, 246.0, 1396.0, 246.0, 1423.0, 91.0, 1423.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "2. Expe rime ntal"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1450.0, 352.0, 1447.0, 352.0, 1481.0, 86.0, 1484.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "2.1. Preparation of the Ads orbent"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1508.0, 1560.0, 1508.0, 1560.0, 1540.0, 91.0, 1540.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "GS was obtained from one ofthe villages of Arak in Iran. Unmodified sorbent was washed several times with warm distilled water to remove impurities and was dried at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1601.0, 335.0, 1601.0, 335.0, 1632.0, 89.0, 1632.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "stored in air glass container."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1662.0, 199.0, 1662.0, 199.0, 1688.0, 91.0, 1688.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "2.2.Reagents"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1818.0, 229.0, 1818.0, 229.0, 1844.0, 89.0, 1844.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "analytical grade."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1874.0, 207.0, 1874.0, 207.0, 1908.0, 89.0, 1908.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "2.3. Apparatus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1927.0, 1510.0, 1930.0, 1510.0, 1964.0, 86.0, 1961.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " The Ni ion concentration in the solutions was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (model AA 680 made of SHIMADZU) using a standard calibration"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2020.0, 369.0, 2020.0, 369.0, 2051.0, 89.0, 2051.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "2.4. Batch Ads orption Experiments"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2073.0, 1508.0, 2073.0, 1508.0, 2108.0, 89.0, 2108.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Batch experiments were conducted in order to study the efect ofimportant parameters like the pH, contact time, and the initial ion concentration on the adsorptive"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2168.0, 1555.0, 2168.0, 1555.0, 2203.0, 91.0, 2203.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "onto the GSA was studied across a pH range of2.0-5.0 in different time with a fixed adsorbent concentration. The effect ofthe initial concentration and contact time on"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2203.0, 1498.0, 2203.0, 1498.0, 2237.0, 91.0, 2237.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "the uptake of the Ni ions was conducted by varying the ion concentration from 5.0 to 50.0 mg L-1 at different contact times (0.0-90.0 min). The percent of Ni(II)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 819.0, 481.0, 819.0, 481.0, 853.0, 91.0, 853.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "lethal in humans at atmospheric exposures of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [243.0, 1749.0, 1545.0, 1749.0, 1545.0, 1783.0, 243.0, 1783.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "in double distiled water. Working solutions of the desired concentration were then prepared by successive dilution. All the solutions were made using"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1783.0, 639.0, 1783.0, 639.0, 1815.0, 89.0, 1815.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "deionized distilled water. pH adjustments were performed with"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [704.0, 1783.0, 1478.0, 1783.0, 1478.0, 1815.0, 704.0, 1815.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and NaOH (Merck) solutions 0.1 N. A chemicals used in the experiments were reagent"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 750.0, 998.0, 750.0, 998.0, 792.0, 86.0, 792.0], "score": 0.91, "text": "porcelain enamelng [68] In drinking water and forindustrial wastewater, the tolerance lmit ofnickel is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [195.0, 1562.0, 426.0, 1567.0, 426.0, 1608.0, 195.0, 1603.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "from room temperature to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 782.0, 1247.0, 782.0, 1247.0, 816.0, 89.0, 816.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "created. Dermatitis (nickel itch) is the most frequent effect ofexposure to nickel, such as coins and costume jewelry. Nickel carbonyl"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1345.0, 782.0, 1542.0, 782.0, 1542.0, 816.0, 1345.0, 816.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "has been estimated as"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1521.0, 397.0, 1562.0, 397.0, 1562.0, 429.0, 1521.0, 429.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1111.0, 750.0, 1148.0, 750.0, 1148.0, 792.0, 1111.0, 792.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1249.0, 750.0, 1567.0, 750.0, 1567.0, 792.0, 1249.0, 792.0], "score": 0.91, "text": ".Cancer ofnose, bone, and ungs is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 1713.0, 839.0, 1715.0, 839.0, 1757.0, 84.0, 1754.0], "score": 0.79, "text": "Solutionfmtalns (nkeltratewas ofaaltical gadeytetic stock t"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 2105.0, 689.0, 2103.0, 689.0, 2144.0, 86.0, 2147.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "removal ofNion using GSA. For the batch adsorption experiments,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [753.0, 2105.0, 1101.0, 2103.0, 1101.0, 2144.0, 753.0, 2147.0], "score": 0.86, "text": "sohutionofNi ofinitialconcentration"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 185.0, 180.0, 185.0, 180.0, 217.0, 89.0, 217.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Copyright"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [205.0, 185.0, 1513.0, 185.0, 1513.0, 217.0, 205.0, 217.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "2013 Nahid Ghasemi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 397.0, 666.0, 397.0, 666.0, 429.0, 89.0, 429.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "the rate of sorption of Ni(l) ions on GS was observed at an initial"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1195.0, 2105.0, 1370.0, 2103.0, 1370.0, 2144.0, 1195.0, 2147.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "was contacted with"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1483.0, 2105.0, 1528.0, 2103.0, 1528.0, 2144.0, 1483.0, 2147.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2139.0, 563.0, 2139.0, 563.0, 2173.0, 89.0, 2173.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "contents were placed in a stirrer and gently agitated at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [647.0, 2139.0, 1523.0, 2139.0, 1523.0, 2173.0, 647.0, 2173.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The solution was fitered, and the residual Ni concentration was analyzed. The effect of the initial pH"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [736.0, 397.0, 1298.0, 397.0, 1298.0, 429.0, 736.0, 429.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " initial concentration of nickel 50 mgL, temperature of solution"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1373.0, 397.0, 1417.0, 397.0, 1417.0, 429.0, 1373.0, 429.0], "score": 0.96, "text": ", and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [742.0, 1533.0, 1567.0, 1535.0, 1567.0, 1569.0, 742.0, 1567.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " The material was placed in a vertical stainless steel reactor and heated in a furnace at a rate of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [492.0, 1562.0, 1326.0, 1567.0, 1326.0, 1608.0, 492.0, 1603.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " The black residue was cooled and sieved to get GS ash (GSA) with an average paricle size of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1422.0, 1562.0, 1515.0, 1567.0, 1515.0, 1608.0, 1422.0, 1603.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "and finally"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [576.0, 819.0, 606.0, 819.0, 606.0, 853.0, 576.0, 853.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "for"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [672.0, 819.0, 1535.0, 819.0, 1535.0, 853.0, 672.0, 853.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "[3]. Acute Ni(ll) poisoning causes dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, dry cough"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [153.0, 1533.0, 184.0, 1535.0, 184.0, 1569.0, 153.0, 1567.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "for"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [229.0, 1533.0, 666.0, 1535.0, 666.0, 1569.0, 229.0, 1567.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and cut into small pieces of sizes between 2.0 and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 458.0, 903.0, 458.0, 903.0, 490.0, 91.0, 490.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "rate constants were found to be 0.224, 0.402, 0.193 and 0.123 min at 298, 308, 318, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [965.0, 458.0, 1471.0, 458.0, 1471.0, 490.0, 965.0, 490.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " respectively. The values of correlation coefficients for the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1961.0, 613.0, 1961.0, 613.0, 1993.0, 89.0, 1993.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "curve. The pH was measured via the Swiss-made Metrohm"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [688.0, 1961.0, 1031.0, 1961.0, 1031.0, 1993.0, 688.0, 1993.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "meter with a combined glass electrode."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 517.0, 718.0, 517.0, 718.0, 551.0, 89.0, 551.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "experimental equilibrium uptake values. The thermodynamic parameters"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [822.0, 517.0, 1557.0, 517.0, 1557.0, 551.0, 822.0, 551.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", and S\") of the adsorption process were calculated, and these parameters showed"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [961.0, 1713.0, 990.0, 1715.0, 990.0, 1757.0, 961.0, 1754.0], "score": 0.82, "text": "off"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1046.0, 1713.0, 1545.0, 1715.0, 1545.0, 1757.0, 1046.0, 1754.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "ions was prepared by dissolving the requred quanty of"}], "page_info": {"page_no": 1, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 1, "poly": [91.9344482421875, 690.4903564453125, 1550.9111328125, 690.4903564453125, 1550.9111328125, 779.0286865234375, 91.9344482421875, 779.0286865234375], "score": 0.9999997019767761}, {"category_id": 1, "poly": [91.05098724365234, 360.5782470703125, 453.71307373046875, 360.5782470703125, 453.71307373046875, 387.5991516113281, 91.05098724365234, 387.5991516113281], "score": 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336.0, 86.0, 336.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " 3. Results and Discussion"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 361.0, 448.0, 363.0, 448.0, 395.0, 88.0, 392.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "3.1. Effects of Solution pH and Agitation Time"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 419.0, 1552.0, 419.0, 1552.0, 451.0, 89.0, 451.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "One ofthe main parameters affecting the metal adsorption from aqueous solution is the pH ofthe solution. The influence of solution pH and agitation time on the removal"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 451.0, 1557.0, 451.0, 1557.0, 482.0, 89.0, 482.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "of Ni() by GSA was represented in Figure 1 and Table 1, for a period of 90 min. With increasing pH from 2 to 5, adsorption capacity ofadsorbent increased from 7.2"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 724.0, 1535.0, 724.0, 1535.0, 755.0, 89.0, 755.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "contrary, as the pH increases, the adsorbent surface becomes more and more negatively charged, and the adsorption ofNil) ions is more favorable. Figure 1 shows "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 753.0, 1070.0, 753.0, 1070.0, 785.0, 89.0, 785.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "that the Ni(Il) removal by GSA increases with increase in pH and the maximum of removal attains at 20 minutes."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 811.0, 512.0, 814.0, 512.0, 841.0, 88.0, 838.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "3.2. Effect of Initial Concentration and Agitation Time"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 936.0, 1567.0, 936.0, 1567.0, 967.0, 91.0, 967.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "adsorption sites in adsorbent that is high at higher initial concentrations. Thus, at the same time, the time required for attaining the equilibrium state is highly independent on"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 960.0, 1491.0, 962.0, 1491.0, 997.0, 86.0, 994.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " initial NiMl) concentration. In Figure 2, the infuence of contact time on the adsorption of NiIl) on GSA is observed. According to Figure 2, the amount ofNi(I)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 994.0, 1550.0, 994.0, 1550.0, 1028.0, 91.0, 1028.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "adsorption onto GSA increases sharply up to the first 10 minutes and finally attain equilbrium where there is no further increase in the amount of adsorption The uptake"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1174.0, 1080.0, 1174.0, 1080.0, 1206.0, 89.0, 1206.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Table 3: Comparison of adsorption capacity of various adsorbents for the removal of Ni(ll) from aqueous phase."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1301.0, 327.0, 1301.0, 327.0, 1333.0, 86.0, 1333.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "3.3. Adsorption Kinetic Study"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1357.0, 1525.0, 1357.0, 1525.0, 1389.0, 89.0, 1389.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Determination of uptake kinetics is important for the evaluation ofa candidate adsorbent material. In order to estimate the uptake capacity ofthe sample in this study,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1384.0, 1520.0, 1384.0, 1520.0, 1418.0, 89.0, 1418.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "three sorption kinetic models developed, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich equations by Lagergren [19], Ho and McKay [20], and Fatehi et al."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1413.0, 352.0, 1413.0, 352.0, 1445.0, 89.0, 1445.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "[21], respectively, were used."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [867.0, 1663.0, 945.0, 1670.0, 943.0, 1696.0, 865.0, 1690.0], "score": 0.91, "text": "t),(5)."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1915.0, 1555.0, 1915.0, 1555.0, 1949.0, 89.0, 1949.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "due to a boundary layer or external resistance controllng at the begining of the sorption process [22]. In most cases ofthe literature, the pseudo- first-order model does"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1974.0, 1510.0, 1974.0, 1510.0, 2008.0, 91.0, 2008.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "sorption capacity ofthe solid phase. Contrary to other well established models, it predicts the behavior over the whole range of studies and it is in agreement with a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2003.0, 625.0, 2003.0, 625.0, 2037.0, 89.0, 2037.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "chemisorption mechanism being the rate-controling step [22]"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2088.0, 1532.0, 2088.0, 1532.0, 2122.0, 89.0, 2122.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Table 4: The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich's equation kinetic parameters for Nill) sorption onto GSA at different temperatures of solution."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [206.0, 1713.0, 605.0, 1718.0, 605.0, 1752.0, 206.0, 1747.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "is related to the available sites for adsorption."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1368.0, 1681.0, 1542.0, 1681.0, 1542.0, 1715.0, 1368.0, 1715.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ", and the parameter"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1764.0, 1283.0, 1766.0, 1283.0, 1801.0, 86.0, 1798.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " Initially, the validity of the two models was checked by studying the kinetics under different intial temperatures of solution. Linear plots of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1402.0, 1764.0, 1441.0, 1766.0, 1441.0, 1801.0, 1402.0, 1798.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1483.0, 1764.0, 1560.0, 1766.0, 1559.0, 1801.0, 1483.0, 1798.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "versus t"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 906.0, 169.0, 906.0, 169.0, 938.0, 89.0, 938.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "4.344 to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [302.0, 906.0, 1520.0, 906.0, 1520.0, 938.0, 302.0, 938.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "with the increasing in initial Ni(ll) concentration. This increase may be due to the ratio of the initial number of moles of Ni(ll) to the available"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [87.0, 480.0, 110.0, 485.0, 110.0, 519.0, 86.0, 514.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1223.0, 183.0, 1278.0, 183.0, 1278.0, 214.0, 1223.0, 214.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [714.0, 1606.0, 1018.0, 1606.0, 1018.0, 1637.0, 714.0, 1637.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "is the rate constants of adsorption."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1308.0, 183.0, 1346.0, 183.0, 1346.0, 214.0, 1308.0, 214.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1373.0, 183.0, 1542.0, 183.0, 1542.0, 214.0, 1373.0, 214.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "are the equilibrium"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1886.0, 1171.0, 1886.0, 1171.0, 1920.0, 89.0, 1920.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "pseudo-frst-order model to ft the kinetic data for the initial concentrations examined. The reason for these diferences in the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1196.0, 1886.0, 1552.0, 1886.0, 1552.0, 1920.0, 1196.0, 1920.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "values is that there is a time lag, possibly"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1058.0, 1798.0, 1096.0, 1798.0, 1096.0, 1830.0, 1058.0, 1830.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1123.0, 1798.0, 1520.0, 1798.0, 1520.0, 1830.0, 1123.0, 1830.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "values were calculated from the slopes ofthe"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [649.0, 1606.0, 687.0, 1606.0, 687.0, 1637.0, 649.0, 1637.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 636.0, 1075.0, 633.0, 1075.0, 668.0, 89.0, 670.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "Figure 1: The influence of solution pH and agitation time on the removal ofNi(ll) by GSA (Ni(ll) concentration,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1944.0, 914.0, 1944.0, 914.0, 1978.0, 89.0, 1978.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "not ft the kinetic data well for the whole range ofcontact time, and generally underestimate the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [939.0, 1944.0, 1510.0, 1944.0, 1510.0, 1978.0, 939.0, 1978.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "values [23, 24]. The pseudo-second order model is based on the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1306.0, 1569.0, 1530.0, 1567.0, 1530.0, 1601.0, 1306.0, 1603.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "are the amounts ofNi(lI)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1154.0, 1569.0, 1219.0, 1567.0, 1219.0, 1601.0, 1154.0, 1603.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1244.0, 1569.0, 1283.0, 1567.0, 1283.0, 1601.0, 1244.0, 1603.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1857.0, 942.0, 1857.0, 942.0, 1891.0, 89.0, 1891.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "coeficients of the pseudo-frst-order kinetic were found to be lower than 0.76, and the calculated"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [967.0, 1857.0, 1212.0, 1857.0, 1212.0, 1891.0, 967.0, 1891.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is not equal to experimental"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1235.0, 1857.0, 1510.0, 1857.0, 1510.0, 1891.0, 1235.0, 1891.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", suggesting the insufficiency of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [677.0, 183.0, 927.0, 183.0, 927.0, 214.0, 677.0, 214.0], "score": 0.96, "text": ", were calculated as follows:"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1168.0, 636.0, 1280.0, 633.0, 1280.0, 668.0, 1168.0, 670.0], "score": 0.94, "text": ", GSA dose,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 872.0, 984.0, 872.0, 984.0, 906.0, 91.0, 906.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 2 and Table 2 represent the removal of NiM) as a function of initial concentrations ranging from"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1102.0, 872.0, 1532.0, 872.0, 1532.0, 906.0, 1102.0, 906.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "by GSA. The uptake eficiency is increased from"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 2225.0, 978.0, 2222.0, 978.0, 2256.0, 86.0, 2259.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "Figure 4: The pseudo second order plots for the adsorption of Ni(ll) by GSA. (Ni(ll) concentration,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 692.0, 425.0, 692.0, 425.0, 724.0, 89.0, 724.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "In lower pH, a higher concentration of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [458.0, 692.0, 1542.0, 692.0, 1542.0, 724.0, 458.0, 724.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "ions present in the mixture competes with Ni(ll) ions for the adsorption sites resulting in the reduced uptake ofNi(Il). On the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [614.0, 217.0, 1035.0, 217.0, 1035.0, 249.0, 614.0, 249.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "is equilibrium Ni(ll) concentration on adsorbent"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [920.0, 1681.0, 983.0, 1681.0, 983.0, 1715.0, 920.0, 1715.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [999.0, 1681.0, 1239.0, 1681.0, 1239.0, 1715.0, 999.0, 1715.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is the initial adsorption rate"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 217.0, 387.0, 217.0, 387.0, 249.0, 89.0, 249.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "and initial concentrations of Ni(I)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [464.0, 217.0, 589.0, 217.0, 589.0, 249.0, 464.0, 249.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", respectively;"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1108.0, 217.0, 1491.0, 217.0, 1491.0, 249.0, 1108.0, 249.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "); V is the volume ofNi() solution (L); and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1515.0, 217.0, 1537.0, 217.0, 1537.0, 249.0, 1515.0, 249.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1798.0, 905.0, 1798.0, 905.0, 1830.0, 89.0, 1830.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "showed the applicability ofthe above equations (the first and second order) for GSA (Figures"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1243.0, 953.0, 1238.0, 953.0, 1269.0, 89.0, 1274.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 2: The influence of initial concentration and agitation time on the removal ofNi(l) by GSA"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 183.0, 165.0, 183.0, 165.0, 214.0, 89.0, 214.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "removal"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [216.0, 183.0, 653.0, 183.0, 653.0, 214.0, 216.0, 214.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " and the amount of adsorbed Ni(lI) at equilibrium,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1347.0, 636.0, 1485.0, 633.0, 1485.0, 668.0, 1347.0, 670.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "; Agitation time,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1310.0, 1243.0, 1449.0, 1238.0, 1449.0, 1269.0, 1310.0, 1274.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "; Agitation time,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1131.0, 1243.0, 1243.0, 1238.0, 1243.0, 1269.0, 1131.0, 1274.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "; GSA dose,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1067.0, 2225.0, 1179.0, 2222.0, 1179.0, 2256.0, 1067.0, 2259.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", GSA dose,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [997.0, 1827.0, 1159.0, 1827.0, 1159.0, 1861.0, 997.0, 1861.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "versus Int (Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1180.0, 1827.0, 1513.0, 1827.0, 1513.0, 1861.0, 1180.0, 1861.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " are presented in Table 4. Correlation"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 244.0, 357.0, 246.0, 357.0, 280.0, 86.0, 278.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "the mass ofGSA sample used"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [925.0, 1798.0, 961.0, 1798.0, 961.0, 1830.0, 925.0, 1830.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [979.0, 1798.0, 1031.0, 1798.0, 1031.0, 1830.0, 979.0, 1830.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "). The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 570.0, 714.0, 570.0, 714.0, 602.0, 89.0, 602.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Table 1: The maximum amount of Ni(Il) sorbate as a function of pH at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1021.0, 927.0, 1023.0, 927.0, 1057.0, 86.0, 1055.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " of adsorption of other adsorbents for the removal of Ni(Il) from aqueous phase is given in Table"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [948.0, 1021.0, 1164.0, 1023.0, 1163.0, 1057.0, 948.0, 1055.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "for comparison [15-18]"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1684.0, 551.0, 1684.0, 551.0, 1715.0, 91.0, 1715.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The simplified form of Elovich's equation is shown in"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [582.0, 1684.0, 603.0, 1684.0, 603.0, 1715.0, 582.0, 1715.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1106.0, 394.0, 1109.0, 394.0, 1143.0, 86.0, 1140.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Table 2: The maximum amount of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [450.0, 1106.0, 1038.0, 1109.0, 1038.0, 1143.0, 450.0, 1140.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "sorbate as a function of initial concentration of Ni(ll) at 40 minutes."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1827.0, 706.0, 1827.0, 706.0, 1861.0, 89.0, 1861.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "linear plots and are presented in Table 4. The Elovich constants (a and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [723.0, 1827.0, 974.0, 1827.0, 974.0, 1861.0, 723.0, 1861.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ") computed from the plots of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 1564.0, 549.0, 1567.0, 549.0, 1608.0, 84.0, 1606.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "The frst and scond orderate expressions given by"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [580.0, 1564.0, 807.0, 1567.0, 807.0, 1608.0, 580.0, 1606.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "and (4) are respectively,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1606.0, 537.0, 1606.0, 537.0, 1637.0, 89.0, 1637.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "adsorbed (mg g ) at equilibrium time and at time t"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [583.0, 1606.0, 622.0, 1606.0, 622.0, 1637.0, 583.0, 1637.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}], "page_info": {"page_no": 2, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 1, "poly": [88.7582015991211, 1832.003662109375, 1155.3814697265625, 1832.003662109375, 1155.3814697265625, 1862.21630859375, 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205.0, 91.0, 205.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The values of correlation coefficients for the adsorption of Nill) on GSA from allthe systems were found to be 0.999 for pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 431.0, 199.0, 431.0, 199.0, 458.0, 91.0, 458.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "temperature."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 485.0, 310.0, 485.0, 310.0, 517.0, 86.0, 517.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "3.4. Ads orption Mechanism"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 543.0, 1508.0, 543.0, 1508.0, 577.0, 91.0, 577.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "To confirm whether Ni ions adsorption on GSA is dominated by intraparticle difusion (Weber and Morris), the empirical data were analyzed using the intraparticle"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 670.0, 1545.0, 670.0, 1545.0, 704.0, 91.0, 704.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "passed through the origin, showing that intraparticle difusion was not sole rate-controling step although it was involved in the process. This emphasized that adsorption"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 702.0, 551.0, 702.0, 551.0, 733.0, 89.0, 733.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "of Ni(l) ions was a two or more steps process [26]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 787.0, 1139.0, 787.0, 1139.0, 819.0, 91.0, 819.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Table 5: The intraparticle difusion kinetic parameters for Nill) sorption onto GSA at different temperatures of solution."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 914.0, 394.0, 914.0, 394.0, 945.0, 89.0, 945.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "3.5. Adsorption Thermodynamic Study"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1350.0, 1009.0, 1387.0, 1009.0, 1387.0, 1040.0, 1350.0, 1040.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "(7)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1296.0, 1545.0, 1296.0, 1545.0, 1330.0, 89.0, 1330.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "endothermic nature ofthe sorption process. Since difusion is an exothermic process, it would be expected that increased solution temperature would result in decrease"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1330.0, 1355.0, 1330.0, 1355.0, 1364.0, 91.0, 1364.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "uptake of NiMl) ions from aqueous solution. Also, the negative value of \u25b3S\u00b0 (-0.0276 kJ mol I K-1) may be related to the decrease randommess."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1411.0, 733.0, 1413.0, 733.0, 1455.0, 86.0, 1452.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "Table 6: Thermodynanmic parameters for adsorption of Nil) onto GSA."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1542.0, 224.0, 1542.0, 224.0, 1569.0, 91.0, 1569.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "4. Conclusion"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1598.0, 1550.0, 1598.0, 1550.0, 1632.0, 89.0, 1632.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The sorption characteristics of Grape Shell were studied for Ni(ll). The results indicated that this adsorbent may be used as an inexpensive and effective material for the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1628.0, 1523.0, 1628.0, 1523.0, 1662.0, 91.0, 1662.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "removal ofNi) from aqueous solutions but with a low efficiency. The sorption process was affected by experimental conditions such as pH, initial concentration of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1657.0, 1528.0, 1657.0, 1528.0, 1691.0, 89.0, 1691.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Ni) ions, the initial temperatures of solution, and contact time. Analysis ofthe kinetic data showed that the kinetics ofNi adsorption using Grape Shllash as an"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1684.0, 1535.0, 1686.0, 1535.0, 1720.0, 89.0, 1718.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "adsorbent for different values of initial temperatures of soution is explained by the second-order-kinetic model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters determined"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1715.0, 831.0, 1715.0, 831.0, 1747.0, 89.0, 1747.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the Ni(ll) biosorption process onto GSA."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [93.0, 1779.0, 261.0, 1779.0, 261.0, 1805.0, 93.0, 1805.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Acknowedgment"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1832.0, 1151.0, 1832.0, 1151.0, 1864.0, 89.0, 1864.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The authors would like to thank the Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, for providing the research fund for this project"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [87.0, 1890.0, 207.0, 1896.0, 205.0, 1930.0, 86.0, 1924.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "References"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [113.0, 1949.0, 1552.0, 1952.0, 1552.0, 1986.0, 113.0, 1983.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "1. A. Bhatnagar and A. K. Minocha, \u201cBiosorption optimization of nickel removal from water using Punica granatum peel waste,\u2032 Colloids and Surfaces B, vol. 76,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [108.0, 2005.0, 1562.0, 2008.0, 1562.0, 2049.0, 108.0, 2047.0], "score": 0.95, "text": " 2. V. K. Gupta, R. Mangla and S. Agarwal Pb() selective potentiometric sensor based on 4-tertbutycalx[4]arene in PVC matrix,\u201d Electroanalysis, vol. 14, p."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [145.0, 2037.0, 536.0, 2039.0, 536.0, 2074.0, 145.0, 2071.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "1127-1132, 2002. View at Google Scholar"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [113.0, 2069.0, 1555.0, 2069.0, 1555.0, 2103.0, 113.0, 2103.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " 3. V. K. Gupta, P. J. M. Carrott, M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrott, and S. Suhas, \u201cLow-cost adsorbents: growing approach to wastewater treatment a review,' Critical"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [113.0, 2127.0, 1496.0, 2127.0, 1496.0, 2159.0, 113.0, 2159.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "4. V. K. Gupta, R. N. Goyal, and R. A. Sharma, \u201cNovel PVC membrane based alizarin sensor and its application; determination of vanadium, zirconium and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [145.0, 2156.0, 1422.0, 2156.0, 1422.0, 2190.0, 145.0, 2190.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "molybdenum\" International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 156-172, 2009. View at Google Scholar View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 2181.0, 1557.0, 2186.0, 1557.0, 2220.0, 111.0, 2215.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " 5. A. K. Jain, V. K. Gupta, B. B. Sahoo, and L. P. Singh, \u201cCopper(Ml)-selective electrodes based on macrocyclic compounds,\u201d Analytical Proceedings including"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [148.0, 2215.0, 1262.0, 2215.0, 1262.0, 2249.0, 148.0, 2249.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Analytical Communications, vol 32, no. 3, pp. 99-101, 1995. View at Publisher View at Google Scholar \u00b7 View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [462.0, 280.0, 1557.0, 283.0, 1557.0, 317.0, 462.0, 314.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "values decrease as temperature rises, confrming that the rate of biosorption is faster at lower temperatures, which is probably"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1481.0, 264.0, 1481.0, 264.0, 1513.0, 89.0, 1513.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 7: Plot of ln"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1172.0, 469.0, 1172.0, 469.0, 1206.0, 89.0, 1206.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "distribution coeffcient of the adsorbate and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [494.0, 1172.0, 532.0, 1172.0, 532.0, 1206.0, 494.0, 1206.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 397.0, 517.0, 397.0, 517.0, 431.0, 89.0, 431.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "Elovich equation disagreed with the experimental"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1378.0, 1133.0, 1444.0, 1138.0, 1444.0, 1172.0, 1377.0, 1167.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1476.0, 1133.0, 1528.0, 1138.0, 1527.0, 1172.0, 1476.0, 1167.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "is the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1400.0, 1267.0, 1513.0, 1267.0, 1513.0, 1301.0, 1400.0, 1301.0], "score": 0.92, "text": " showed the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 855.0, 972.0, 850.0, 972.0, 884.0, 89.0, 889.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 6: The intraparticle diffusion plots for the adsorption ofNi) by GSA. (NilI) concentration,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 202.0, 1496.0, 202.0, 1496.0, 236.0, 91.0, 236.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "values of predicted equlbrium sorption capacities showed good agreement with the experimental equilbriumuptake values. Based on correlation coeffcients and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1267.0, 1117.0, 1267.0, 1117.0, 1301.0, 89.0, 1301.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "spontaneous adsorption of Ni(ll) ions on GSA for the temperature range studied (298, 308 and 318 K). The negative"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1165.0, 1267.0, 1220.0, 1267.0, 1220.0, 1301.0, 1165.0, 1301.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "value"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 358.0, 127.0, 361.0, 127.0, 402.0, 86.0, 400.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1312.0, 358.0, 1545.0, 361.0, 1545.0, 402.0, 1312.0, 400.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "values calculated fom the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1073.0, 1201.0, 1550.0, 1201.0, 1550.0, 1235.0, 1073.0, 1235.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "was obtained using (8) for different temperatures. The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [303.0, 1481.0, 480.0, 1481.0, 480.0, 1513.0, 303.0, 1513.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "against temperature"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [536.0, 1481.0, 858.0, 1481.0, 858.0, 1513.0, 536.0, 1513.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "for the adsorption of Ni(Il) by GSA."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 970.0, 538.0, 970.0, 538.0, 1004.0, 91.0, 1004.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [596.0, 970.0, 686.0, 970.0, 686.0, 1004.0, 596.0, 1004.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", enthalpy"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 638.0, 790.0, 638.0, 790.0, 672.0, 89.0, 672.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "on to GSA at different temperature applied to diffusion model is shown in Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [813.0, 638.0, 1503.0, 638.0, 1503.0, 672.0, 813.0, 672.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " and the intraparticle diffusion constants are given in Table 5. No plots of model"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1400.0, 397.0, 1547.0, 397.0, 1547.0, 431.0, 1400.0, 431.0], "score": 0.99, "text": ", decreased with"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [683.0, 1233.0, 1022.0, 1233.0, 1022.0, 1267.0, 683.0, 1267.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " are negative (-8.5078, -8.0296, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [733.0, 1138.0, 1141.0, 1138.0, 1141.0, 1172.0, 733.0, 1172.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ") were calculated using the following equations:"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [562.0, 1172.0, 791.0, 1172.0, 791.0, 1206.0, 562.0, 1206.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "are as defined previously."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [812.0, 1172.0, 1515.0, 1172.0, 1515.0, 1206.0, 812.0, 1206.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "is the universal gas constant (8.314 J mol I K-1) and T is temperature (K) [27]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [654.0, 1138.0, 694.0, 1138.0, 694.0, 1172.0, 654.0, 1172.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1138.0, 554.0, 1138.0, 554.0, 1172.0, 91.0, 1172.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [599.0, 1138.0, 607.0, 1138.0, 607.0, 1172.0, 599.0, 1172.0], "score": 0.87, "text": "\uff0c"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1201.0, 655.0, 1201.0, 655.0, 1235.0, 89.0, 1235.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "and \u25b3S\u00b0 can be obtained from the slope and intercept of the plot"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [706.0, 1201.0, 1029.0, 1201.0, 1029.0, 1235.0, 706.0, 1235.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "against 1/T , respectively (Figure Z)."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1185.0, 1233.0, 1338.0, 1233.0, 1338.0, 1267.0, 1185.0, 1267.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "at 298, 308, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1399.0, 1233.0, 1560.0, 1233.0, 1560.0, 1267.0, 1399.0, 1267.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ", resp.), indicating"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [747.0, 970.0, 868.0, 970.0, 868.0, 1004.0, 747.0, 1004.0], "score": 0.99, "text": ", and entropy"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [919.0, 970.0, 1547.0, 970.0, 1547.0, 1004.0, 919.0, 1004.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "have an important role to determine spontaneity and heat change for the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 231.0, 1233.0, 231.0, 1233.0, 263.0, 91.0, 263.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "values calculated, it is evident that the adsorption of Ni(ll) can be best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (Table"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1233.0, 206.0, 1233.0, 206.0, 1267.0, 89.0, 1267.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "data in Table"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [225.0, 1233.0, 631.0, 1233.0, 631.0, 1267.0, 225.0, 1267.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "showed that the standard free energy changes"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1264.0, 397.0, 1308.0, 397.0, 1308.0, 431.0, 1264.0, 431.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 314.0, 485.0, 314.0, 485.0, 346.0, 89.0, 346.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "due to a decrease in the interactions between"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [541.0, 314.0, 1323.0, 314.0, 1323.0, 346.0, 541.0, 346.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " ions and GSA as the biosorbent. This behavior is a characteristic of exothermic reactions."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [145.0, 1983.0, 546.0, 1983.0, 546.0, 2017.0, 145.0, 2017.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "no. 2, pp. 544-548, 2010. View at Publisher"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [562.0, 1983.0, 932.0, 1983.0, 932.0, 2017.0, 562.0, 2017.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "View at Google Scholar : View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1351.0, 1065.0, 1385.0, 1065.0, 1385.0, 1092.0, 1351.0, 1092.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "(8)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [541.0, 397.0, 1116.0, 397.0, 1116.0, 431.0, 541.0, 431.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "vales. It was observed that the Elovich model constants, namely,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1065.0, 855.0, 1177.0, 850.0, 1177.0, 884.0, 1065.0, 889.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ", GSA dose,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 280.0, 233.0, 283.0, 233.0, 317.0, 89.0, 314.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Results of Table"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [252.0, 280.0, 435.0, 283.0, 435.0, 317.0, 252.0, 314.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "also showed that the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1047.0, 358.0, 1248.0, 361.0, 1248.0, 402.0, 1047.0, 400.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "for Elovich's equation."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [148.0, 2098.0, 1114.0, 2098.0, 1114.0, 2132.0, 148.0, 2132.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 783-842, 2009. View at Publisher"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1131.0, 2098.0, 1500.0, 2098.0, 1500.0, 2132.0, 1131.0, 2132.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "View at Google Scholar : View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [156.0, 358.0, 898.0, 361.0, 898.0, 402.0, 156.0, 400.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "values were in the range of0.484 to 0.926 for the various temperatures ranging fom"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [961.0, 358.0, 984.0, 361.0, 984.0, 402.0, 961.0, 400.0], "score": 0.6, "text": "10"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [124.0, 609.0, 1442.0, 612.0, 1442.0, 646.0, 124.0, 643.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " indicates the thickness of the boundary layer, that is larger values of I suggest greater boundary layer effects. The calculated data for the adsorption of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1499.0, 609.0, 1540.0, 612.0, 1540.0, 646.0, 1499.0, 643.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "ions"}], "page_info": {"page_no": 3, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 1, "poly": [104.688720703125, 78.35415649414062, 1568.3668212890625, 78.35415649414062, 1568.3668212890625, 1363.578369140625, 104.688720703125, 1363.578369140625], "score": 0.9997628927230835}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1113, 694, 1128, 694, 1128, 710, 1113, 710], "score": 0.42, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [885, 695, 899, 695, 899, 710, 885, 710], "score": 0.42, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [924, 753, 937, 753, 937, 769, 924, 769], "score": 0.41, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1152, 753, 1167, 753, 1167, 769, 1152, 769], "score": 0.37, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [231, 1101, 245, 1101, 245, 1117, 231, 1117], "score": 0.36, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1054, 230, 1069, 230, 1069, 245, 1054, 245], "score": 0.34, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [926, 288, 941, 288, 941, 304, 926, 304], "score": 0.34, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [466, 1042, 480, 1042, 480, 1058, 466, 1058], "score": 0.32, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1163, 347, 1178, 347, 1178, 362, 1163, 362], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1022, 1159, 1036, 1159, 1036, 1175, 1022, 1175], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1020, 1216, 1033, 1216, 1033, 1232, 1020, 1232], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [594, 811, 607, 811, 607, 826, 594, 826], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1104, 173, 1118, 173, 1118, 188, 1104, 188], "score": 0.28, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [460, 1101, 475, 1101, 475, 1117, 460, 1117], "score": 0.27, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [409, 985, 423, 985, 423, 1000, 409, 1000], "score": 0.27, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1067, 463, 1081, 463, 1081, 478, 1067, 478], "score": 0.25, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 76.0, 1547.0, 78.0, 1547.0, 112.0, 111.0, 110.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " 6. 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"2Faculty of Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 302007, India"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 205.0, 804.0, 207.0, 804.0, 241.0, 89.0, 239.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "3Department of Pure & Applied Physics, University of Kota, Kota 324010, India"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 261.0, 549.0, 261.0, 549.0, 295.0, 89.0, 295.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Received 25 May 2013; Accepted 24 August 2013"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 314.0, 374.0, 314.0, 374.0, 346.0, 89.0, 346.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Academic Editor: Dilip Kanhere"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 395.0, 873.0, 395.0, 873.0, 429.0, 89.0, 429.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 453.0, 180.0, 453.0, 180.0, 487.0, 89.0, 487.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Abstract"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 514.0, 1493.0, 514.0, 1493.0, 546.0, 89.0, 546.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The electronic structure and electron momentum density distribution in BaO and BaS are presented using Compton spectroscopy. The frst-ever Compton profle"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 570.0, 1520.0, 570.0, 1520.0, 604.0, 89.0, 604.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Compton profles of BaO and BaS using the linear combination of atomic orbitals method. In the present computation, the correlation scheme proposed by Perdew-"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 599.0, 1535.0, 599.0, 1535.0, 633.0, 89.0, 633.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Burke-Ernzerhof and the exchange scheme of Becke were considered. The hybrid B3PW and Hartree-Fock based profles were also computed for both compounds."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 629.0, 1503.0, 629.0, 1503.0, 663.0, 89.0, 663.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The ionic configurations are performed to estimate the charge transfer on compound formation, and the present study suggests charge transfer from Ba to O and S"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 658.0, 1119.0, 658.0, 1119.0, 692.0, 89.0, 692.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "atoms. On the basis of equal-valence-electron-density profles,itis found that BaO is more ionic as compared to BaS."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 721.0, 236.0, 721.0, 236.0, 748.0, 91.0, 748.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "1. Introduction"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 772.0, 1550.0, 775.0, 1550.0, 809.0, 89.0, 806.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The I-VI alkaline earth compounds have interesting bond characteristics and simple crystal structures. BaO and BaS have potential applications in ight-emiting diodes"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 806.0, 1550.0, 806.0, 1550.0, 841.0, 89.0, 841.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "(LEDs), laser diodes (LDs), and magnetooptical devices [14]. BaO is an indirect bandgap, whereas BaS is a direct bandgap material. At normal conditions, BaO and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 836.0, 1488.0, 836.0, 1488.0, 867.0, 89.0, 867.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "BaS crystallize in NaCl (B1) structure, but under pressure, they show structural phase transition from B1 to B2 structure [5, 6]. Using the full-potential linearized "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 860.0, 1500.0, 858.0, 1501.0, 899.0, 86.0, 902.0], "score": 0.81, "text": "augmented plae wave F-LAPWhd, Drablat al rpoted the ltronic andoptcal prpertis fBa and Baincubc phase at maland "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 894.0, 1515.0, 894.0, 1515.0, 926.0, 89.0, 926.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "hydrostatic pressure. Lin et al. [8] observed that the electronic structure ofthese compounds containing oxygen atoms always obeys a different relationship from the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 923.0, 780.0, 921.0, 780.0, 955.0, 86.0, 958.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " compounds not containing oxygen atoms using density functional theory (DFT)."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 972.0, 1493.0, 972.0, 1493.0, 1006.0, 91.0, 1006.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Most ofthe earlier studies, both experimental and theoretical, involve the electronic, optical, and structural properties ofBaO and BaS [515]. To the best ofour"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 999.0, 1496.0, 996.0, 1496.0, 1038.0, 86.0, 1040.0], "score": 0.8, "text": "knowlede, nne attdt ltronic strutue and mnmdnsityfBaand Ba usng Coto ptropy It swellstablhed that Ctn"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1033.0, 1550.0, 1031.0, 1550.0, 1065.0, 89.0, 1067.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "spectroscopy provides a useful test to examine the bonding in solids [16, 17]. Thus, we found it worth to study the electronic structure in BaO and BaS using Compton "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1402.0, 1096.0, 1555.0, 1096.0, 1555.0, 1123.0, 1402.0, 1123.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "where integration"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1191.0, 1481.0, 1189.0, 1481.0, 1230.0, 86.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.79, "text": "wave ftionand suatonxts oeralloccpid statIn this paper, te reuts ofCoptnscattrng studya and Ba are prentd.F t"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1223.0, 1547.0, 1223.0, 1547.0, 1257.0, 91.0, 1257.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "theoretical Compton profles, first-principles calculations based on inear combination ofatomic orbitals (LCAO) method are performed using CRYSTALO6 code [18]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1250.0, 1471.0, 1250.0, 1471.0, 1284.0, 89.0, 1284.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The ionic model has been applied to estimate the charge transfer in these compounds. The nature ofbonding in isostructural and isovalent BaO and BaS is also"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1279.0, 1505.0, 1279.0, 1505.0, 1313.0, 89.0, 1313.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "compared using equal-valence-electron-density (EVED) profles. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives the experimental details and data analysis. The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1372.0, 504.0, 1372.0, 504.0, 1403.0, 89.0, 1403.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "2. Expe rime ntal Details and Data Analysis"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1525.0, 1515.0, 1525.0, 1515.0, 1559.0, 91.0, 1559.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "which was cooled with liquid nitrogen providing overall momentum resolution of 0.6 a.u. The spectra were recorded with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) with 4096"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 1618.0, 1505.0, 1615.0, 1505.0, 1657.0, 84.0, 1659.0], "score": 0.89, "text": "processed for several systematic corrections likebackground, instrumental resoution sanple absorption, scattering crosssection, and mutipe scattering using the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1679.0, 1562.0, 1679.0, 1562.0, 1713.0, 89.0, 1713.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "a.u., being the area of free atom Compton profle [22] in the given range. The 1 s electrons of Ba were neglected for both compounds since these do not contribute in the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1708.0, 329.0, 1705.0, 330.0, 1742.0, 86.0, 1745.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "present experimental setup."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1769.0, 303.0, 1769.0, 303.0, 1801.0, 86.0, 1801.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "3. Theoretical Details"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1825.0, 285.0, 1825.0, 285.0, 1857.0, 86.0, 1857.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "3.1. DFT-LCAO Method"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1883.0, 1547.0, 1883.0, 1547.0, 1917.0, 89.0, 1917.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "To compute the theoretical Compton profles of BaO and BaS, the LCAO method embodied in the CRYSTAL06 code [18, 23] was employed. This code provides a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1913.0, 1508.0, 1913.0, 1508.0, 1947.0, 89.0, 1947.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "platformto calculate electronic structure of periodic systems considering Gaussian basis sets. In the LCAO technique, each crystallne orbital is built from the inear"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1942.0, 1564.0, 1942.0, 1564.0, 1974.0, 89.0, 1974.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "combination of Bloch functions. The Bloch functions are defined in terms of local functions constructed from the atom-centered certain number of Gaussian functions. For"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1971.0, 1540.0, 1971.0, 1540.0, 2005.0, 86.0, 2005.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Ba, O, and S, the local functions were constructed from the Gaussian type basis sets [24]. In the present DFT calculation, the crystal Hamitonian was generated using"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2000.0, 1523.0, 2000.0, 1523.0, 2034.0, 89.0, 2034.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "the correlation functional proposed by Perdew et al. [25] and exchange scheme of Becke [26]. The hybrid B3PW and Hartree-Fock (HF) based profles were also"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2056.0, 175.0, 2056.0, 175.0, 2090.0, 89.0, 2090.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and BaS."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2117.0, 216.0, 2117.0, 216.0, 2144.0, 89.0, 2144.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "3.2. Ionic Model"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 2166.0, 1525.0, 2168.0, 1525.0, 2210.0, 84.0, 2207.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "The theoretical ionic profles ofBaO and BaS for various charge transfer confgurations were calculated from thefee atom Compton profle of Ba, O, and S atoms"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1407.0, 1159.0, 1540.0, 1165.0, 1539.0, 1199.0, 1407.0, 1193.0], "score": 0.93, "text": " is the electron"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1094.0, 349.0, 1094.0, 349.0, 1126.0, 89.0, 1126.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "profile. The Compton profle,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2203.0, 417.0, 2203.0, 417.0, 2237.0, 91.0, 2237.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "[22]. The valence profles for various"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [792.0, 1591.0, 1542.0, 1591.0, 1542.0, 1625.0, 792.0, 1625.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "counts at the Compton peak. To deduce the true Compton profle, the raw data were"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1167.0, 347.0, 1167.0, 347.0, 1199.0, 89.0, 1199.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "is performed over a constant-"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [789.0, 1167.0, 888.0, 1167.0, 888.0, 1199.0, 789.0, 1199.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "is given as"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [684.0, 2232.0, 725.0, 2232.0, 725.0, 2266.0, 684.0, 2266.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [839.0, 2232.0, 1537.0, 2232.0, 1537.0, 2266.0, 839.0, 2266.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " configurations were then added to the core contribution to get total profles. All"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [539.0, 2203.0, 580.0, 2203.0, 580.0, 2237.0, 539.0, 2237.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1462.0, 336.0, 1462.0, 336.0, 1496.0, 89.0, 1496.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The incident gamma-rays of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [437.0, 1462.0, 694.0, 1462.0, 694.0, 1496.0, 437.0, 1496.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "were scattered at an angle of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [713.0, 1494.0, 1530.0, 1491.0, 1530.0, 1525.0, 713.0, 1528.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ". The scattered radiation was analyzed using an HPGe detector (Canberra model, GLO110S)"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2030.0, 958.0, 2030.0, 958.0, 2061.0, 89.0, 2061.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "computed for both compounds [18]. The computations were performed by taking B1 structure and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1014.0, 2030.0, 1542.0, 2030.0, 1542.0, 2061.0, 1014.0, 2061.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "points in the irreducible wedge ofthe Brillouin zone for BaO"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2232.0, 119.0, 2232.0, 119.0, 2266.0, 91.0, 2266.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [140.0, 2232.0, 561.0, 2232.0, 561.0, 2266.0, 140.0, 2266.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "shell ofO and S atoms. The valence profles for"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1649.0, 1528.0, 1649.0, 1528.0, 1684.0, 89.0, 1684.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "computer code ofthe Warwick Group [20. 21]. Finally, the corrected profles were normalized to 23.200 for BaO and 26.434 for BaS electrons in the range of0 to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [374.0, 1167.0, 432.0, 1167.0, 432.0, 1199.0, 374.0, 1199.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "plane,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [450.0, 1167.0, 744.0, 1167.0, 744.0, 1199.0, 450.0, 1199.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is scattering vector direction, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 543.0, 698.0, 543.0, 698.0, 575.0, 89.0, 575.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "measurements on polycrystalline BaO and BaS were performed using"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [800.0, 543.0, 1525.0, 543.0, 1525.0, 575.0, 800.0, 575.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "gamma-rays. To interpret the experimental data, we have computed the theoretical"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 365.0, 180.0, 365.0, 180.0, 397.0, 89.0, 397.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Copyright"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [838.0, 2203.0, 1239.0, 2203.0, 1239.0, 2237.0, 838.0, 2237.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " configurations were computed by transferring"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1258.0, 2203.0, 1557.0, 2203.0, 1557.0, 2237.0, 1258.0, 2237.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "electrons from the s shellof Ba to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [405.0, 1094.0, 908.0, 1094.0, 908.0, 1126.0, 405.0, 1126.0], "score": 0.99, "text": ", is related to the ground state electron momentum density"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1494.0, 340.0, 1491.0, 340.0, 1525.0, 86.0, 1528.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and effective density for BaC"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [489.0, 1494.0, 528.0, 1491.0, 528.0, 1525.0, 489.0, 1528.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [807.0, 1462.0, 1399.0, 1462.0, 1399.0, 1496.0, 807.0, 1496.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "by the polycrystalline sample of BaO and BaS (pellet of 18 mm dia,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1473.0, 1462.0, 1562.0, 1462.0, 1562.0, 1496.0, 1473.0, 1496.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "thickness,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1428.0, 617.0, 1428.0, 617.0, 1469.0, 86.0, 1469.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The measurements on BaO and BaS were performed using "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [718.0, 1428.0, 1552.0, 1428.0, 1552.0, 1469.0, 718.0, 1469.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "gamma-rays Compton spectrometer. The details ofthe experimental setup are available in [19]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [174.0, 1591.0, 541.0, 1591.0, 541.0, 1625.0, 174.0, 1625.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "to collect 2 \u00d7 104 counts and BaS around"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [616.0, 1591.0, 699.0, 1591.0, 699.0, 1625.0, 616.0, 1625.0], "score": 0.89, "text": "to collect"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [281.0, 365.0, 1464.0, 365.0, 1464.0, 397.0, 281.0, 397.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Atribution License, which permits unrestricted use,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1311.0, 504.0, 1311.0, 504.0, 1345.0, 89.0, 1345.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "theoretical calculations are presented in Section"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [523.0, 1311.0, 1412.0, 1311.0, 1412.0, 1345.0, 523.0, 1345.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and Section 4 is devoted to the resuts and discussion Finally, the conclusions are drawn in Section 5."}], "page_info": {"page_no": 1, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 0, "poly": [91.0196304321289, 1884.4053955078125, 231.04054260253906, 1884.4053955078125, 231.04054260253906, 1912.9195556640625, 91.0196304321289, 1912.9195556640625], "score": 0.9999994039535522}, {"category_id": 1, "poly": [91.3698959350586, 754.431884765625, 1535.784912109375, 754.431884765625, 1535.784912109375, 810.5221557617188, 91.3698959350586, 810.5221557617188], "score": 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13, "poly": [278, 756, 322, 756, 322, 783, 278, 783], "score": 0.62, "latex": "(\\Delta J)"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [768, 484, 837, 484, 837, 510, 768, 510], "score": 0.43, "latex": "3.0\\,\\mathrm{a.u.}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [739, 514, 806, 514, 806, 539, 739, 539], "score": 0.34, "latex": "3.0\\,\\mathrm{a.u.}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1333, 1243, 1400, 1243, 1400, 1269, 1333, 1269], "score": 0.33, "latex": "0.6\\,\\mathrm{a.u.}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [278, 663, 321, 663, 321, 690, 278, 690], "score": 0.32, "latex": "(\\Delta J)"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [777, 867, 809, 867, 809, 891, 777, 891], "score": 0.27, "latex": "\\mathrm{HF}"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 141.0, 342.0, 141.0, 342.0, 173.0, 89.0, 173.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "4. Results and Discussion"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 200.0, 1545.0, 200.0, 1545.0, 231.0, 89.0, 231.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The numerical values of unconvoluted spherically averaged theoretical Compton profiles (DFT-PBE, B3PW, HF, and Ionic) of BaO and BaS are presented in Table 1."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 229.0, 1191.0, 229.0, 1191.0, 263.0, 91.0, 263.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The experimental Compton profles of BaO and BaS are also given in the table including experimental errors at selected points."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 317.0, 1547.0, 317.0, 1547.0, 348.0, 91.0, 348.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Table 1: The unconvoluted theoretical (DFT-PBE, DFT-B3PW, HF, and Ionic) and experimental Compton profles for BaO and BaS. The experimental errors at few"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 346.0, 772.0, 346.0, 772.0, 380.0, 89.0, 380.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "points are also presented, and all profles are normalized to the fee atom area."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 397.0, 1552.0, 397.0, 1552.0, 431.0, 89.0, 431.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "In Figures 1 and 2, the experimental Compton profles ofBaO and BaS are compared with various ionic arrangements to estimate the charge transfer. For a quantitative"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 487.0, 1560.0, 487.0, 1560.0, 521.0, 89.0, 521.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "the efect of charge transfer from Ba to O atoms is largely visible within 0.0 to 3.0 a.u. for BaO. The best agreement is found for x = 1.0. Figure 2 shows that the charge"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 694.0, 556.0, 694.0, 556.0, 729.0, 89.0, 729.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "are convohuted with the Gaussian of 0.6 a.u. FWHM."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 787.0, 558.0, 784.0, 558.0, 819.0, 86.0, 821.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " are convoluted with the Gaussian of 0.6 a.u. FWHM."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 926.0, 1540.0, 923.0, 1540.0, 958.0, 89.0, 960.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "momentum region, because the contrbution in this region is mostly due to core elctrons, which remain unafected in the compound formation. Similar features are also"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 953.0, 795.0, 955.0, 794.0, 989.0, 89.0, 987.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "visible in Figure 4, but the effect of exchange and correlation is not seen for BaS."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1043.0, 1535.0, 1043.0, 1535.0, 1077.0, 91.0, 1077.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "Figure 3: The difference of DFT-PBE, B3PW, and HF with experimental Compton profle of BaO. All profles are convoluted with the Gaussian of 0.6 a.u. FWHM."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1106.0, 1530.0, 1106.0, 1530.0, 1140.0, 91.0, 1140.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 4: The difference of DFT-PBE, B3PW, and HF with experimental Compton profle of BaS. Alprofiles are convoluted with the Gaussian of0.6 a.u. FWHM."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1155.0, 1523.0, 1157.0, 1523.0, 1191.0, 89.0, 1189.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The directional Compton profles ofBaO and BaS along [100], [110], and [111] directions have been computed to examine the anisotropies [100]-[110] , [110]-"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1274.0, 1547.0, 1274.0, 1547.0, 1308.0, 91.0, 1308.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "anisotropies are visible up to 3.0 a.u. In Figure 6, the anisotropies are plotted for BaS. This figure shows similarity with BaO, but all anisotropies are diminished beyond"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1301.0, 1304.0, 1304.0, 1304.0, 1338.0, 86.0, 1335.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " 2.0 a.u. Measurements on single crystallne samples of BaO and BaS along principal directions would be valuable to examine these findings."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1508.0, 1520.0, 1508.0, 1520.0, 1540.0, 91.0, 1540.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The nature of bonding in isostructural and isovalent BaO and BaS has been compared and plotted in Figure 7. In this figure, the experimental EVED profles of these"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1537.0, 1518.0, 1537.0, 1518.0, 1569.0, 89.0, 1569.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "compounds are considered. We also plot the theoretical EVED profles in the inset. The EVED profles were derived by normalizing valence electron profiles to 4.0"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1654.0, 1540.0, 1654.0, 1540.0, 1688.0, 91.0, 1688.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "localization of charges in BaS in the bonding direction as compared to BaO. It is worth mentioning here that the covalent bonding is a result of sharing ofelectrons, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [93.0, 1684.0, 1540.0, 1684.0, 1540.0, 1715.0, 93.0, 1715.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "hence, it increases localization ofcharge in bonding direction which results in a sharper Compton line shape [32, 33]. Therefore, we conclude that the ionic character is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1713.0, 1505.0, 1713.0, 1505.0, 1745.0, 91.0, 1745.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "higher for BaO as compared to BaS. The larger ionic character of BaO as compared to BaS is well supported by the bulk modulus and cohesive energy data [34]"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1827.0, 1547.0, 1827.0, 1547.0, 1861.0, 91.0, 1861.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "valence profles. The inset shows the EVED profles derived from the theoretical valence profiles of these compounds. All these profles are normalized to 4.0 electrons."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [85.0, 1881.0, 234.0, 1886.0, 233.0, 1920.0, 83.0, 1915.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " 5. Conclusions"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1947.0, 1483.0, 1947.0, 1483.0, 1981.0, 91.0, 1981.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Electronic structure and momentum density in BaO and BaS using Compton scattering technique are reported. The experimental values of Compton profles are"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1976.0, 1508.0, 1976.0, 1508.0, 2010.0, 89.0, 2010.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "compared with the LCAO based values for both compounds. The anisotropies in momentum densities depict larger occupied states along [1oo] direction with low"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2005.0, 1537.0, 2005.0, 1537.0, 2037.0, 89.0, 2037.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "momentum In addition, the ionic model based calculations have also been used to estimate the charge transfer in the compounds, and the model suggests a transfer of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2064.0, 155.0, 2064.0, 155.0, 2093.0, 91.0, 2093.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "to BaS."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2119.0, 266.0, 2125.0, 265.0, 2157.0, 88.0, 2151.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Acknowledgments"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2181.0, 1532.0, 2181.0, 1532.0, 2215.0, 91.0, 2215.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "This work is financially supported by the CSIR, New Delhi, through the Grant no. 03(1205/12EMR-II). G. Sharma is also thankful to the Head ofthe Department of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 2207.0, 891.0, 2210.0, 890.0, 2244.0, 86.0, 2242.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Pure & Applied Physics, University ofKota, Kota, for providing the computational facities."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 426.0, 639.0, 426.0, 639.0, 460.0, 89.0, 460.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "comparison of the ionic and experiment, the difference profiles "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [903.0, 426.0, 1520.0, 426.0, 1520.0, 460.0, 903.0, 460.0], "score": 0.94, "text": " have been deduced after convoluting alionic profles with a Gaussian"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 833.0, 234.0, 833.0, 234.0, 875.0, 86.0, 875.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "The diferences"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1391.0, 397.0, 1391.0, 397.0, 1425.0, 91.0, 1425.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 5: Directional anisotropies,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [468.0, 1391.0, 1188.0, 1391.0, 1188.0, 1425.0, 468.0, 1425.0], "score": 0.96, "text": ", for BaO for the pair ofdirections [100]-[110] , [110]-[111], and [100]-[111] ."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1623.0, 722.0, 1623.0, 722.0, 1657.0, 91.0, 1657.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "and isostructural compounds [27-31]. It is seen from Figure 7 that, near"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [789.0, 1623.0, 1476.0, 1623.0, 1476.0, 1657.0, 789.0, 1657.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "a.u., the sharpness ofCompton profles is higher for BaS, which suggests more"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1457.0, 397.0, 1457.0, 397.0, 1489.0, 91.0, 1489.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Figure 6: Directional anisotropies,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [467.0, 1457.0, 1186.0, 1457.0, 1186.0, 1489.0, 467.0, 1489.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ", for BaS for the pair ofdirections [100]-[110] , [110]-[111], and [100]-[111] ."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 541.0, 514.0, 546.0, 514.0, 585.0, 84.0, 580.0], "score": 0.94, "text": " checks and from Figures 1 and 2, it isfound that"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1798.0, 803.0, 1798.0, 803.0, 1832.0, 91.0, 1832.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 7: The equal valence-electron-density (EVED) profiles of BaO and BaS ("}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [911.0, 1798.0, 1552.0, 1798.0, 1552.0, 1832.0, 911.0, 1832.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " and 0.813 a.u., resp.). These profles are deduced from the experimental"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 517.0, 277.0, 517.0, 277.0, 548.0, 91.0, 548.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "transfer configuration"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [626.0, 541.0, 663.0, 546.0, 663.0, 585.0, 626.0, 580.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [771.0, 541.0, 1537.0, 546.0, 1537.0, 585.0, 771.0, 580.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "configurations give the best agreement for BaO and BaS, respectively. Thus, the model"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [823.0, 577.0, 1259.0, 577.0, 1259.0, 612.0, 823.0, 612.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "states ofO and S for BaO and BaS, respectively."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [926.0, 1567.0, 1564.0, 1567.0, 1564.0, 1601.0, 926.0, 1601.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "tuned out to be 0.938 and 0.813 a.u., respectively, using the expression"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [283.0, 892.0, 742.0, 894.0, 742.0, 936.0, 283.0, 933.0], "score": 0.88, "text": "-, whilethe trend reversed in the momentum range of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [907.0, 892.0, 1537.0, 894.0, 1537.0, 936.0, 907.0, 933.0], "score": 0.94, "text": ". The diference between theory and experiment is negigibe in the high"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1213.0, 894.0, 1213.0, 894.0, 1255.0, 89.0, 1255.0], "score": 0.7, "text": "forBa aBa retivFdits tat alant are psitiv"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1015.0, 1213.0, 1505.0, 1213.0, 1505.0, 1255.0, 1015.0, 1255.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "for BaO. It ndicates larger occupied states along [100]"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 2027.0, 513.0, 2030.0, 513.0, 2071.0, 86.0, 2069.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "1.0 and 1.5 electrons froms state ofBa atomto"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [532.0, 2027.0, 1552.0, 2030.0, 1552.0, 2071.0, 532.0, 2069.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "state ofO and S atoms. The EVED profles for the compounds conclude higher ionic character in BaO as compared"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [180.0, 1593.0, 246.0, 1593.0, 246.0, 1628.0, 180.0, 1628.0], "score": 0.95, "text": ", where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [264.0, 1593.0, 1547.0, 1593.0, 1547.0, 1628.0, 264.0, 1628.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "is the valence electron density. A number ofresearchers have proved that this scheme offers a way to understand the nature ofbonding in isovalent "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1567.0, 673.0, 1567.0, 673.0, 1601.0, 91.0, 1601.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "electrons and scaling the resulting profiles by the Fermi momentum"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [716.0, 1567.0, 895.0, 1567.0, 895.0, 1601.0, 716.0, 1601.0], "score": 0.95, "text": ". For BaO and BaS,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1162.0, 755.0, 1532.0, 758.0, 1532.0, 792.0, 1162.0, 789.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " are also shown at points. All ionic profles"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [513.0, 833.0, 1322.0, 833.0, 1322.0, 875.0, 513.0, 875.0], "score": 0.88, "text": "betwenexperimental and CAO schee based Compton profle are presened nFigu"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1341.0, 833.0, 1562.0, 833.0, 1562.0, 875.0, 1341.0, 875.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "and 4 for BaO and BaS,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1164.0, 665.0, 1532.0, 665.0, 1532.0, 699.0, 1164.0, 699.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "are also shown at points. All ionic profles"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 867.0, 262.0, 870.0, 262.0, 904.0, 89.0, 901.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "respectively. Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 577.0, 633.0, 577.0, 633.0, 612.0, 89.0, 612.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "suggests the transfer of 1.0 and 1.5 electrons from the valence"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [648.0, 577.0, 803.0, 577.0, 803.0, 612.0, 648.0, 612.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "state of Ba to the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [93.0, 1189.0, 1474.0, 1189.0, 1474.0, 1221.0, 93.0, 1221.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "[111], and [100]-[111] in the electron momentum density. Allthese anisotropies are derived from convoluted B3PW hybrid scheme and presented in Figures"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1493.0, 1189.0, 1550.0, 1189.0, 1550.0, 1221.0, 1493.0, 1221.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and 6"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 458.0, 1308.0, 458.0, 1308.0, 490.0, 91.0, 490.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "function of0.6 a.u. FWHM. All ionic profles are normalized to 23.200 electrons for BaO and 26.434 electrons for BaS in the range of0 to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1339.0, 458.0, 1560.0, 458.0, 1560.0, 490.0, 1339.0, 490.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "a.u. Figure 1 depicts that"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 755.0, 277.0, 758.0, 277.0, 792.0, 86.0, 789.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 2: Difference"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [323.0, 755.0, 1115.0, 758.0, 1115.0, 792.0, 323.0, 789.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "between convoluted ionic and experimental Compton profles of BaS. Experimental errors"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [353.0, 517.0, 738.0, 517.0, 738.0, 548.0, 353.0, 548.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is closet to the experiment for BaS. Beyond"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [807.0, 517.0, 1504.0, 517.0, 1504.0, 548.0, 807.0, 548.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ", all configurations show identical behavior for both compounds. On the basis of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1245.0, 1332.0, 1245.0, 1332.0, 1279.0, 89.0, 1279.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "direction with low momentum A close inspection ofthis fgure reveals that maximum anisotropy is seen between [100] and [111] directions at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1401.0, 1245.0, 1545.0, 1245.0, 1545.0, 1279.0, 1401.0, 1279.0], "score": 0.93, "text": " and 1.2 a.u. All"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 665.0, 277.0, 665.0, 277.0, 699.0, 89.0, 699.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Figure 1: Difference"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [322.0, 665.0, 1118.0, 665.0, 1118.0, 699.0, 322.0, 699.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "between convoluted ionic and experimental Compton profles of BaO. Experimental errors"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [281.0, 867.0, 776.0, 870.0, 776.0, 904.0, 281.0, 901.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "shows that for BaO all theories DFT-PBE, B3PW, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [810.0, 867.0, 1560.0, 870.0, 1559.0, 904.0, 810.0, 901.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ") predict lower momentum density as compared to experiment in the momentum range"}], "page_info": {"page_no": 2, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 2, "poly": [89.0936279296875, 80.74409484863281, 204.3162078857422, 80.74409484863281, 204.3162078857422, 106.50306701660156, 89.0936279296875, 106.50306701660156], "score": 0.9999979734420776}, {"category_id": 1, "poly": [103.02957153320312, 134.86175537109375, 1563.1484375, 134.86175537109375, 1563.1484375, 2057.353515625, 103.02957153320312, 2057.353515625], "score": 0.999991774559021}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1065, 1590, 1114, 1590, 1114, 1614, 1065, 1614], "score": 0.46, "latex": "\\mathrm{{X}}\\!=\\!\\mathbf{\\mathcal{C}}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [608, 1045, 622, 1045, 622, 1061, 608, 1061], "score": 0.42, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [231, 1131, 245, 1131, 245, 1147, 231, 1147], "score": 0.38, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [524, 871, 537, 871, 537, 886, 524, 886], "score": 0.36, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [872, 1914, 886, 1914, 886, 1931, 872, 1931], "score": 0.36, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [743, 928, 757, 928, 757, 944, 743, 944], "score": 0.34, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [795, 318, 809, 318, 809, 335, 795, 335], "score": 0.34, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [582, 1973, 596, 1973, 596, 1988, 582, 1988], "score": 0.33, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [305, 260, 319, 260, 319, 276, 305, 276], "score": 0.32, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [514, 929, 527, 929, 527, 944, 514, 944], "score": 0.32, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [756, 812, 770, 812, 770, 828, 756, 828], "score": 0.3, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [811, 1422, 825, 1422, 825, 1437, 811, 1437], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1023, 319, 1038, 319, 1038, 334, 1023, 334], "score": 0.29, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [305, 1567, 319, 1567, 319, 1582, 305, 1582], "score": 0.28, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [940, 987, 954, 987, 954, 1002, 940, 1002], "score": 0.28, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [456, 1740, 469, 1740, 469, 1756, 456, 1756], "score": 0.27, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [549, 1683, 562, 1683, 562, 1698, 549, 1698], "score": 0.26, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [685, 1740, 699, 1740, 699, 1756, 685, 1756], "score": 0.25, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 134.0, 1471.0, 139.0, 1471.0, 173.0, 111.0, 168.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "1. 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M. Srivastava,2 Hossein Jafari 3 and Xiao-Jun Yang"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 200.0, 718.0, 205.0, 718.0, 246.0, 86.0, 241.0], "score": 0.93, "text": "1College of Science, Yanshan Universiy, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 234.0, 1085.0, 236.0, 1085.0, 278.0, 84.0, 275.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiyof Victora, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3R4"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 270.0, 1134.0, 273.0, 1134.0, 307.0, 86.0, 305.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47415-416, Iran"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 305.0, 1164.0, 309.0, 1163.0, 344.0, 88.0, 339.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "4Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, China University ofMining and Technology, Jangsu, Xuzhou 221008, China"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 361.0, 497.0, 361.0, 497.0, 392.0, 89.0, 392.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Received 9 June 2013; Accepted 7 July 2013"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 414.0, 465.0, 414.0, 465.0, 446.0, 89.0, 446.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Academic Editor: J. A. Tenreiro Machado"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 495.0, 873.0, 495.0, 873.0, 529.0, 89.0, 529.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 558.0, 177.0, 558.0, 177.0, 585.0, 91.0, 585.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Abstract"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 614.0, 1532.0, 614.0, 1532.0, 646.0, 89.0, 646.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The main object of this paper is to investigate the Helmholtz and difusion equations on the Cantor sets involving local fractional derivative operators. The Cantor-type"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 641.0, 1510.0, 641.0, 1510.0, 672.0, 89.0, 672.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "cylindrical-coordinate method is applied to handle the corresponding local fractional differential equations. 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1405, 690, 1432, 661, 1432], "score": 0.35, "latex": "(\\underline{{1}})"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [479, 1970, 596, 1970, 596, 2000, 479, 2000], "score": 0.35, "latex": "W_{2}=7\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [601, 1970, 727, 1970, 727, 2003, 601, 2003], "score": 0.34, "latex": "L_{g}=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 134.0, 1055.0, 139.0, 1055.0, 180.0, 86.0, 175.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Centre for Space Science (ANGKASA), Universi Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 175.0, 1230.0, 175.0, 1230.0, 210.0, 91.0, 210.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 224.0, 841.0, 227.0, 841.0, 261.0, 86.0, 258.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " Received 25 October 2013; Accepted 17 November 2013; Published 27 April 2014"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 280.0, 364.0, 280.0, 364.0, 312.0, 91.0, 312.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Academic Editor: Rezaul Azim"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 363.0, 873.0, 363.0, 873.0, 395.0, 89.0, 395.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 424.0, 177.0, 424.0, 177.0, 451.0, 91.0, 451.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Abstract"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 480.0, 1547.0, 480.0, 1547.0, 512.0, 91.0, 512.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "A double inverted F-shape patch antenna is presented for dual-band operation. The proposed antenna is comprised ofcircular and rectangular slots on a printed circuit"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 597.0, 1045.0, 597.0, 1045.0, 629.0, 89.0, 629.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "bands. Moreover, numerical simulations have been indicated as an important uniformity with measured results."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 658.0, 236.0, 658.0, 236.0, 685.0, 91.0, 685.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "1. Introduction"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 714.0, 1498.0, 714.0, 1498.0, 748.0, 89.0, 748.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The raising demands of wireless communication systems enforce the improvement of dual band antennas that have abilities to operate under different standards in"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 738.0, 1550.0, 741.0, 1550.0, 782.0, 84.0, 780.0], "score": 0.79, "text": "different fqucyba. dan nwre catons he ducd tr ds in the antea tlgy It als pavedt wayfrwidesa"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 767.0, 1483.0, 770.0, 1483.0, 811.0, 84.0, 809.0], "score": 0.83, "text": "ofmobile phnes nmde socity reulting n mounng concems surodng its hamul radiation [1 2]. Mrostrip patch anta plays an iortant role a a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 802.0, 1528.0, 802.0, 1528.0, 836.0, 89.0, 836.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "harbinger in wireless communication systems and is gradually carrying out to face the changing demands ofupdate antena technology. Microstrip patch antennas are"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 831.0, 1542.0, 831.0, 1542.0, 865.0, 91.0, 865.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "presently under concern for using in broadband comunication systems due to their attractive characteristics, such as low profle, low cost, ightweight, wide frequency"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 860.0, 1532.0, 860.0, 1532.0, 892.0, 91.0, 892.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "bandwidth, ease of fabrication, and easy integration with monolithic microwave integrated circuits [3, 4]. However, the limitations ofthe microstrip patch antennas are"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 889.0, 1505.0, 889.0, 1505.0, 921.0, 91.0, 921.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "having narrow bandwidth, and for that reason the demand of the bandwidth enhancement is gradualy rising in the practical applications [5]. In order to enhance its"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 919.0, 1513.0, 919.0, 1513.0, 953.0, 89.0, 953.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "bandwidth, many approaches have been applied conventionaly, such as using thick substrates with low dielectrics constant, impedance matching network, parasitic"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 948.0, 1341.0, 948.0, 1341.0, 979.0, 89.0, 979.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "patches stacked on the top ofthe main patch [6], slots lbaded on the patch, high dielectric constant substrate, and adopting short-circuit pin [Z]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 997.0, 1552.0, 997.0, 1552.0, 1031.0, 89.0, 1031.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "In [8], a rectangular slot antenna has been stated for dual frequency operation Reference [9] has narrated a printed dipole antenna to cover dual band with U-slot arms."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1028.0, 1486.0, 1028.0, 1486.0, 1060.0, 89.0, 1060.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Reference [10] has been reported a low cost microstrip dipole antenna for wireless communications. In [11], a PIFA antenna has been presented for dual band "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1053.0, 1562.0, 1053.0, 1562.0, 1094.0, 86.0, 1094.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "operation with U-slot. Reference [12] has been mentioned a dual lop antea for 2.4/5 GHz wireless LAN. A monopole antema with double-T has been stated in [13]"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1082.0, 1555.0, 1084.0, 1555.0, 1118.0, 86.0, 1116.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN operations. A dual polarized antemna has been mentioned in [14] for Ku-band application. Microstrip antennas on FR4 substrate material were"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1113.0, 475.0, 1113.0, 475.0, 1148.0, 89.0, 1148.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "discussed for UWB applications in [15, 16]."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1172.0, 1513.0, 1172.0, 1513.0, 1206.0, 89.0, 1206.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "In this research, a double inverted F-shape 40 \u00d7 40 mm? patch antenna for dual-band operation has been proposed and investigated to increase the bandwidth and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1201.0, 1562.0, 1201.0, 1562.0, 1233.0, 91.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "reduce the size at the same time. The effect on antenna resonances and other antenna parameters is concentrated due to slots on the patch and ground plane to design the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1230.0, 1537.0, 1228.0, 1537.0, 1262.0, 89.0, 1265.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "proposed dual-band double inverted F-shape antenna with enhanced bandwidth and effciency. Some techniques are employed such as increasing substrate thickness,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1260.0, 1547.0, 1260.0, 1547.0, 1294.0, 89.0, 1294.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "changing patch by cutting rectangular slots, and cutting ground plane to achieve the resultant parameters such as impedance matching, gain, radiation pattern, and return"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1289.0, 1129.0, 1289.0, 1129.0, 1323.0, 89.0, 1323.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "loss. The results have been given a hint that the proposed antemna is appropriate for X-band and Ku-band applications."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1345.0, 470.0, 1345.0, 470.0, 1377.0, 89.0, 1377.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "2. Antenna Geometry and Optimization"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1606.0, 1488.0, 1606.0, 1488.0, 1640.0, 89.0, 1640.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "The geometry ofthe proposed antenna is as shown in Figure 1. The antenna consists ofrectangular conducting slots on patch and two on the ground. The design"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1667.0, 1523.0, 1667.0, 1523.0, 1701.0, 89.0, 1701.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "relative permittity 4.60, relative permeabilty 1, and dielectric loss tangent 0.02. A rectangular slot is cut fromone side of the copper patch to another. Another two"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1693.0, 1154.0, 1696.0, 1154.0, 1730.0, 86.0, 1727.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "rectangular slots are also cut from the middle ofthe patch. Five lateral rectangular slots are also cut from the ground plane."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1781.0, 684.0, 1779.0, 684.0, 1813.0, 86.0, 1815.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " Figure 1: The proposed antenna (a) top view and (b) Bottom view."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [93.0, 1864.0, 1168.0, 1864.0, 1168.0, 1898.0, 93.0, 1898.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "width, and slots of the proposed antenna endlessly. Here, microstrip line is used to provide feeding to the proposed antenna."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2207.0, 1542.0, 2207.0, 1542.0, 2239.0, 89.0, 2239.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The return loss of simulation with different substrate materials is demonstrated in Figure 4. Teflon is a fuorine plastic that is very slippery with physical properties. It is a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1552.0, 396.0, 1552.0, 396.0, 1584.0, 89.0, 1584.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "the dielectric constant of substrate,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 568.0, 826.0, 568.0, 826.0, 602.0, 91.0, 602.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "upper band, respectively. It has achieved stable radiation effciencies of 79. 76% and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [904.0, 568.0, 1525.0, 568.0, 1525.0, 602.0, 904.0, 602.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "with average gains of 7.82 dBi and 5.66 dBi in the operating frequency"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1489.0, 1966.0, 1535.0, 1969.0, 1535.0, 2010.0, 1489.0, 2008.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [422.0, 1552.0, 724.0, 1552.0, 724.0, 1584.0, 422.0, 1584.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " is the target center frequency, and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [748.0, 1552.0, 1132.0, 1552.0, 1132.0, 1584.0, 748.0, 1584.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "is the effective dielectric constant. Consider"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 509.0, 168.0, 509.0, 168.0, 541.0, 89.0, 541.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "board of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1481.0, 538.0, 1540.0, 538.0, 1540.0, 570.0, 1481.0, 570.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "on the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 538.0, 1149.0, 538.0, 1149.0, 570.0, 89.0, 570.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "element method (FEM) has been adopted in this investigation. It has a measured impedance bandwidths (2 : 1 VSWR) of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1226.0, 538.0, 1426.0, 538.0, 1426.0, 570.0, 1226.0, 570.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "on the lower band and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1544.0, 1406.0, 1564.0, 1406.0, 1564.0, 1440.0, 1544.0, 1440.0], "score": 0.71, "text": ".s"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1915.0, 608.0, 1915.0, 608.0, 1947.0, 89.0, 1947.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "The subminiature version A (SMA) connector that contains"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [660.0, 1915.0, 1476.0, 1915.0, 1476.0, 1947.0, 660.0, 1947.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is conducted at the end of antenna feeding line for input RF signal. The input impedance of the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [915.0, 1406.0, 1311.0, 1406.0, 1311.0, 1440.0, 915.0, 1440.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "and W are the length and width ofthe patch,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1327.0, 1406.0, 1520.0, 1406.0, 1520.0, 1440.0, 1327.0, 1440.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "is the velocity of ight,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1835.0, 1186.0, 1835.0, 1186.0, 1866.0, 91.0, 1866.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Thus, the proposed double inverted F-shape microstrip patch antenna is achieved. Two resonant frequencies, 11.32 GHz and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1293.0, 1835.0, 1552.0, 1835.0, 1552.0, 1866.0, 1293.0, 1866.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " are obtained adjusting length,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [404.0, 509.0, 460.0, 509.0, 460.0, 541.0, 404.0, 541.0], "score": 0.94, "text": "with a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [512.0, 509.0, 1508.0, 509.0, 1508.0, 541.0, 512.0, 541.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "microstrip transmission line. Commercially available high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) based on the finite "}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1637.0, 1230.0, 1637.0, 1230.0, 1669.0, 89.0, 1669.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "procedure begins with the radiating patch with substrate, ground plane, and a feed line. It has been printed on a FR4 substrate with"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1302.0, 1637.0, 1500.0, 1637.0, 1500.0, 1669.0, 1302.0, 1669.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "thickness that contains"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1328.0, 1966.0, 1369.0, 1969.0, 1369.0, 2010.0, 1328.0, 2008.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 331.0, 180.0, 331.0, 180.0, 365.0, 89.0, 365.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Copyright"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [205.0, 331.0, 1488.0, 331.0, 1488.0, 365.0, 205.0, 365.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "2014 M. M. Islam et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Atribution License, which permits unrestricted use,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1944.0, 1018.0, 1942.0, 1018.0, 1976.0, 89.0, 1978.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "proposed antenna is as shown in Figure 2. Finally the optimal dimensions have been determined as follows:"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 2005.0, 558.0, 2005.0, 558.0, 2039.0, 89.0, 2039.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "proposed prototype of the antenna is shown in Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1406.0, 660.0, 1406.0, 660.0, 1440.0, 89.0, 1440.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The length and width ofthe patch antenna can be calculated fom"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [691.0, 1406.0, 895.0, 1406.0, 895.0, 1440.0, 691.0, 1440.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "narrated in [17]. 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{"category_id": 13, "poly": [608, 444, 709, 444, 709, 470, 608, 470], "score": 0.52, "latex": "14.40\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [837, 1166, 1551, 1166, 1551, 1196, 837, 1196], "score": 0.52, "latex": "L=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},W=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},R=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},S_{1}=10\\,\\mathrm{mm},S_{2}=16.5\\,\\mathrm{mm},S_{3}=12"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [634, 886, 653, 886, 653, 909, 634, 909], "score": 0.5, "latex": "R"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [967, 333, 1059, 333, 1059, 361, 967, 361], "score": 0.5, "latex": "1.36\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1190, 1167, 1309, 1167, 1309, 1196, 1190, 1196], "score": 0.5, "latex": "S_{1}=10\\,\\mathrm{mm}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1085, 1167, 1186, 1167, 1186, 1195, 1085, 1195], "score": 0.49, "latex": "R=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [376, 1196, 502, 1196, 502, 1229, 376, 1229], "score": 0.48, "latex": "L_{g}=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [754, 946, 812, 946, 812, 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{"category_id": 13, "poly": [1023, 1196, 1098, 1196, 1098, 1225, 1023, 1225], "score": 0.42, "latex": "W_{7}=7"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [980, 915, 1055, 915, 1055, 943, 980, 943], "score": 0.42, "latex": "W_{7}=7"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [254, 1195, 369, 1195, 369, 1226, 254, 1226], "score": 0.41, "latex": "W_{2}=7\\,\\mathrm{mm}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1394, 886, 1513, 886, 1513, 914, 1394, 914], "score": 0.41, "latex": "W_{1}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [563, 1396, 938, 1396, 938, 1426, 563, 1426], "score": 0.41, "latex": "W_{3}=18\\;\\mathrm{mm},W_{4}=6\\;\\mathrm{mm},W_{5}=8\\;\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [588, 584, 661, 584, 661, 609, 588, 609], "score": 0.39, "latex": "-10\\,\\mathrm{dB}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [576, 914, 691, 914, 691, 944, 576, 944], "score": 0.39, "latex": "W_{4}=6\\,\\mathrm{{mm}}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [620, 1921, 722, 1921, 722, 1949, 620, 1949], "score": 0.39, "latex": "15.48\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [767, 1367, 1121, 1367, 1121, 1394, 767, 1394], "score": 0.38, "latex": "L=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},W=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},R=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [756, 107, 850, 107, 850, 135, 756, 135], "score": 0.37, "latex": "1.36\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [132, 1195, 250, 1195, 250, 1225, 132, 1225], "score": 0.35, "latex": "W_{1}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [441, 914, 573, 914, 573, 944, 441, 944], "score": 0.35, "latex": "W_{3}=18\\;\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [512, 1980, 604, 1980, 604, 2007, 512, 2007], "score": 0.34, "latex": "1.08\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [873, 886, 996, 886, 996, 912, 873, 912], "score": 0.34, "latex": "W=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [606, 1195, 981, 1195, 981, 1225, 606, 1225], "score": 0.33, "latex": "W_{3}=18\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{4}=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{6}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [88, 914, 207, 914, 207, 944, 88, 944], "score": 0.32, "latex": "W_{2}=7\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1269, 885, 1387, 885, 1387, 914, 1269, 914], "score": 0.32, "latex": "S_{3}=12\\:\\mathrm{mm}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [767, 1367, 880, 1367, 880, 1393, 767, 1393], "score": 0.3, "latex": "L=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [634, 1034, 653, 1034, 653, 1058, 634, 1058], "score": 0.3, "latex": "R"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [131, 1195, 993, 1195, 993, 1228, 131, 1228], "score": 0.3, "latex": "W_{1}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{2}=7\\,\\mathrm{mm},L_{g}=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{g}=40,W_{3}=18\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{4}=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{6}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},a=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{5}=7\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{6}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},a=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{7}=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{8}=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{9}=40,W_{10}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{11}=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{12}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{13}=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{14}=1\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{15}=3\\,\\mathrm{mm},W_{16}=4\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [566, 108, 607, 108, 607, 133, 566, 133], "score": 0.29, "latex": "-10"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [252, 2148, 357, 2148, 357, 2174, 252, 2174], "score": 0.29, "latex": "14.84\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [840, 1167, 1190, 1167, 1190, 1194, 840, 1194], "score": 0.28, "latex": "L=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},W=40\\,\\mathrm{mm},R=6\\,\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [820, 914, 937, 914, 937, 943, 820, 943], "score": 0.28, "latex": "W_{6}=4\\:\\mathrm{mm},"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [661, 947, 716, 947, 716, 971, 661, 971], "score": 0.26, "latex": "5\\,\\mathrm{mm}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1528, 1086, 1548, 1086, 1548, 1109, 1528, 1109], "score": 0.25, "latex": "R"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 78.0, 1532.0, 78.0, 1532.0, 112.0, 91.0, 112.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "brand for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When we used Teflon (tm) as a substrate material, there was no resonance on the lower band. But, resonance was found at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 195.0, 713.0, 195.0, 713.0, 227.0, 89.0, 227.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 4: Comparisons of simulated return loss with different materials."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 249.0, 1550.0, 249.0, 1550.0, 283.0, 91.0, 283.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Duroid (tm) is a circuit material with high frequency that is flled with PTFE composite. There are many benefts ofDuroid (tm) substrate material such as low outgassing"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 278.0, 1537.0, 278.0, 1537.0, 312.0, 91.0, 312.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "for space applications, low moisture absorption, and low electrical loss. This material is extensively used in space satelite transceivers, radar systems based on ground"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 307.0, 1545.0, 307.0, 1545.0, 341.0, 91.0, 341.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "and airbome, missile guidance systems, and military radar systems. When we used Duroid (tm) as a substrate material there was no resonance on the upper band. But,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 387.0, 1532.0, 387.0, 1532.0, 422.0, 91.0, 422.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "Bakelite is one type ofplastic that is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin. It is made from synthetic components achieved from an elmination reaction of phenol"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 417.0, 1486.0, 417.0, 1486.0, 451.0, 91.0, 451.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "with formaldehyde. It has several uses such as in radio, electrical insulators, and telephone casings. When we used Bakelite as a substrate material, there was no"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 478.0, 145.0, 478.0, 145.0, 507.0, 89.0, 507.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "GHz)."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 529.0, 1515.0, 529.0, 1515.0, 563.0, 91.0, 563.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Aluminum is a silvery soft, white ductle material. Alminium is extensively used in transportation, aerospace industry, and structural materials. It has low density and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 558.0, 1550.0, 558.0, 1550.0, 592.0, 91.0, 592.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "abilty to resist corrosion for which it is popular. When we used aluminum as a substrate material there was no resonance on the lower band. But,resonance was found"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 638.0, 1528.0, 638.0, 1528.0, 672.0, 89.0, 672.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Finaly, FR4 has been used in the proposed design as substrate material. One resonance was achieved at 11.32 GHz center frequency on the lower band and another"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 668.0, 1072.0, 668.0, 1072.0, 702.0, 91.0, 702.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "resonance at 14.96 GHz on the upper band. The dielectric properties of the materials have been listed in Table 1."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 755.0, 549.0, 755.0, 549.0, 787.0, 89.0, 787.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Table 1: Dielectric properties of substrate materials."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 806.0, 1562.0, 806.0, 1562.0, 841.0, 91.0, 841.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "A parametric study has been done to observe the effects ofthe proposed antenna parameters. Mainly, the effects ofthe difeent parameters on the return loss have been"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 838.0, 182.0, 838.0, 182.0, 865.0, 91.0, 865.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "observed."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [84.0, 1574.0, 342.0, 1574.0, 342.0, 1606.0, 84.0, 1606.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " 3. Results and Discussion"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1637.0, 1518.0, 1637.0, 1518.0, 1669.0, 89.0, 1669.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The anechoic chamber used in this study which was conducted by the microwave laboratory, at the Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), UKM, Malaysia, had"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1669.0, 1523.0, 1669.0, 1523.0, 1701.0, 89.0, 1701.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "been ilustrated in Figure 8. The dimensions ofthis anechoic chamber are 5.5 \u00d7 4.5 \u00d7 3.5 m?'. A reference antenna, a horn antenna, was used in this analysis that was"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1844.0, 760.0, 1844.0, 760.0, 1879.0, 89.0, 1879.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 8: The photograph of anechoic chamber for prototype measurement."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1896.0, 1513.0, 1896.0, 1513.0, 1927.0, 89.0, 1927.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The return loss with measurement and simulation of the proposed microstrip antenna has been demonstrated in Figure 9. The -10 dB bandwidths of2.12 GHz from"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1925.0, 1540.0, 1925.0, 1540.0, 1959.0, 91.0, 1959.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "10.92 GHz to 13.04 GHz and 1.08 GHz from 14.40 GHz to 15.48 GHz have been achieved from the measurements which show that at the lower band the resonance"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1954.0, 1560.0, 1954.0, 1560.0, 1988.0, 91.0, 1988.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "shifted from 11.32 GHz to 11.44 GHz and the bandwidth slightly decreased. Moreover, at the upper band the resonant frequency shifted from 14.96 GHz to 14.84 GHz"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2071.0, 844.0, 2071.0, 844.0, 2103.0, 91.0, 2103.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 9: Comparisons between simulated and measured return loss on FR4 material."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2122.0, 1520.0, 2122.0, 1520.0, 2156.0, 91.0, 2156.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Gain ofthe proposed antenna has been shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 has ilustrated that 7.82 dBi achieved at the frst resonance for 11.44 GHz and 5.66 dBiat the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2151.0, 1547.0, 2151.0, 1547.0, 2186.0, 91.0, 2186.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "second resonance 14.84 GHz In adition, the gain for the upper band is less than that for the lower band. Figure 11 shows VSWR ofthe proposed antenna. The value"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2181.0, 1552.0, 2181.0, 1552.0, 2215.0, 91.0, 2215.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "of VSWR is less than 2 that is found fromthe graph apparently. It is a desired value. Figure 12 has shown the radiation effciency of the proposed antenna. In Figure 11,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 2210.0, 1537.0, 2210.0, 1537.0, 2242.0, 91.0, 2242.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "the average lower band efficiency is 79.76% whereas 80.36% is the higher band efficiency. It can also be observed that lower band radiation efficiency is smaller than"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1230.0, 702.0, 1230.0, 702.0, 1262.0, 89.0, 1262.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "better coupling has been acquired at the upper band using the value of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1318.0, 570.0, 1318.0, 570.0, 1350.0, 89.0, 1350.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 6: Reflection coefficient with different values off"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [605.0, 1318.0, 612.0, 1318.0, 612.0, 1350.0, 605.0, 1350.0], "score": 0.54, "text": "\uff1a"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1087.0, 168.0, 1087.0, 168.0, 1121.0, 89.0, 1121.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "By using"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1170.0, 497.0, 1170.0, 497.0, 1201.0, 89.0, 1201.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The reflection coeficient for different values of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1430.0, 1134.0, 1430.0, 1134.0, 1464.0, 91.0, 1464.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "microstrip line has greater significance to the coupling at the entire frequency bands. The coupling can be achieved when"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1369.0, 629.0, 1369.0, 629.0, 1401.0, 89.0, 1401.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure Z shows the reflection coefficient for different values of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1520.0, 570.0, 1515.0, 570.0, 1547.0, 86.0, 1552.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "Figure 7: Reflection coeficient with different values of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1215.0, 1199.0, 1562.0, 1199.0, 1562.0, 1233.0, 1215.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.98, "text": ". It was seen from the graph clearly that"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 887.0, 148.0, 887.0, 148.0, 919.0, 89.0, 919.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1169.0, 1430.0, 1190.0, 1430.0, 1190.0, 1464.0, 1169.0, 1464.0], "score": 0.81, "text": ".s"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [737.0, 1230.0, 764.0, 1230.0, 764.0, 1262.0, 737.0, 1262.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "as"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [822.0, 1230.0, 1121.0, 1230.0, 1121.0, 1262.0, 822.0, 1262.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " That is why the optimized value is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [533.0, 1170.0, 720.0, 1170.0, 720.0, 1201.0, 533.0, 1201.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " is as shown in Figure"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1171.0, 1399.0, 1503.0, 1399.0, 1503.0, 1433.0, 1171.0, 1433.0], "score": 0.99, "text": ". It was observed that the width of the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1158.0, 916.0, 1537.0, 914.0, 1537.0, 948.0, 1158.0, 950.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " It was shown that resonances were shifted"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1107.0, 106.0, 1117.0, 106.0, 1154.0, 85.0, 1144.0], "score": 0.59, "text": ".5"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [939.0, 1399.0, 979.0, 1399.0, 979.0, 1433.0, 939.0, 1433.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [206.0, 1399.0, 463.0, 1399.0, 463.0, 1433.0, 206.0, 1433.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "W2 = 7 mm, Lg = 40 mm,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1698.0, 1051.0, 1698.0, 1051.0, 1732.0, 89.0, 1732.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "double ridge guided. Pyramidal shaped absorbers have been used on the walls, ceiling, and floor with less than"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1095.0, 1698.0, 1500.0, 1698.0, 1500.0, 1732.0, 1095.0, 1732.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "dB reflectivity. The diameter of the turntable is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [112.0, 1757.0, 886.0, 1757.0, 886.0, 1788.0, 112.0, 1788.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "shaped proposed antenna has been measured in a standard far-field testing environment."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [939.0, 916.0, 979.0, 914.0, 979.0, 948.0, 939.0, 950.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 587.0, 776.0, 587.0, 776.0, 621.0, 89.0, 621.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "at 14.32 GHz centre frequency on the upper band where -10 dB bandwidth is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1158.0, 446.0, 1540.0, 443.0, 1540.0, 478.0, 1158.0, 480.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "bandwidth is 1.68 GHz (14.64 GHz-13.96"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1725.0, 1198.0, 1725.0, 1198.0, 1759.0, 91.0, 1759.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "A vector network analyzer (VNA) (model mumber: Agilent E8362C) has been used for the measurements with a range ofup to"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1277.0, 1725.0, 1560.0, 1725.0, 1560.0, 1759.0, 1277.0, 1759.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "In this way, the prototype of the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 446.0, 607.0, 443.0, 607.0, 478.0, 86.0, 480.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "resonance on the lower band. But, resonance was found at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [710.0, 446.0, 1083.0, 443.0, 1083.0, 478.0, 710.0, 480.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "center frequency on the upper band where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [740.0, 1170.0, 836.0, 1170.0, 836.0, 1201.0, 740.0, 1201.0], "score": 0.92, "text": " It includes"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [167.0, 887.0, 633.0, 887.0, 633.0, 919.0, 167.0, 919.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "shows the reflection coeffcient for different values of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [654.0, 887.0, 755.0, 887.0, 755.0, 919.0, 654.0, 919.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " It includes"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [850.0, 334.0, 966.0, 334.0, 966.0, 368.0, 850.0, 368.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "bandwidth is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [597.0, 1199.0, 606.0, 1199.0, 606.0, 1233.0, 597.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.91, "text": "\uff0c"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 334.0, 301.0, 334.0, 301.0, 368.0, 91.0, 368.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "resonance was found at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [404.0, 334.0, 775.0, 334.0, 775.0, 368.0, 404.0, 368.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "center frequency on the lower band where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [982.0, 1199.0, 1022.0, 1199.0, 1022.0, 1233.0, 982.0, 1233.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1199.0, 131.0, 1199.0, 131.0, 1233.0, 91.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.92, "text": "mm,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 1976.0, 511.0, 1981.0, 511.0, 2022.0, 86.0, 2017.0], "score": 0.95, "text": "and the bandwidth decreased fom 1.16 GHzto"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [605.0, 1976.0, 1144.0, 1981.0, 1144.0, 2022.0, 605.0, 2017.0], "score": 0.91, "text": "whie the retum los ale decreased at resonancefequency."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [664.0, 1369.0, 766.0, 1369.0, 766.0, 1401.0, 664.0, 1401.0], "score": 0.97, "text": ". It includes"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1035.0, 633.0, 1035.0, 633.0, 1067.0, 89.0, 1067.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 5: Reflection coefficient with different values of radius,"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 105.0, 565.0, 107.0, 565.0, 149.0, 86.0, 146.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "14.68 GHz center fequency on the upper band where"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [608.0, 105.0, 755.0, 107.0, 755.0, 149.0, 608.0, 146.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "dB bandwidth is"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 945.0, 660.0, 948.0, 660.0, 982.0, 86.0, 979.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " on both ofthe lower and upper bands using the value ofradius as"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [717.0, 945.0, 753.0, 948.0, 753.0, 982.0, 717.0, 979.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [273.0, 1087.0, 1527.0, 1087.0, 1527.0, 1121.0, 273.0, 1121.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " desired dual band has been obtained with improved bandwidth on both ofthe lower and upper bands. 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"14.96\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [990, 2055, 1003, 2055, 1003, 2070, 990, 2070], "score": 0.33, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [463, 1433, 553, 1433, 553, 1460, 463, 1460], "score": 0.33, "latex": "1.08\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [605, 1996, 619, 1996, 619, 2012, 605, 2012], "score": 0.27, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [760, 2054, 774, 2054, 774, 2069, 760, 2069], "score": 0.26, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1035, 542, 1138, 542, 1138, 571, 1035, 571], "score": 0.25, "latex": "11.32\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [364, 572, 466, 572, 466, 599, 364, 599], "score": 0.25, "latex": "14.96\\,\\mathrm{GHz}"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 168.0, 460.0, 168.0, 460.0, 202.0, 89.0, 202.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 10: Gain of the proposed antenna."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 234.0, 482.0, 234.0, 482.0, 266.0, 91.0, 266.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 11: VSWR of the proposed antenna"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 297.0, 588.0, 297.0, 588.0, 331.0, 89.0, 331.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 12: Radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 348.0, 1545.0, 348.0, 1545.0, 383.0, 89.0, 383.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 13 has been shown the current distribution ofthe proposed antenna for (a) 11.32 GHz and (b) 14.96 GHz It can be seen that a large amount of current flows at"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 378.0, 1560.0, 378.0, 1560.0, 409.0, 91.0, 409.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "feeding line. Electric field has been created much in this point. Current distribution is more stable in lower band than in upper band. The creation ofelectric field near slots"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 407.0, 1156.0, 407.0, 1156.0, 439.0, 89.0, 439.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "is reasonable. As a result, excitation is strong in the entire parts of the antenna on both the lower band and the upper band."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 492.0, 699.0, 490.0, 699.0, 524.0, 86.0, 526.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "Figure 13: Current distribution at (a) 11.32 GHz and (b) 14.96 GHz."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 604.0, 1518.0, 604.0, 1518.0, 638.0, 89.0, 638.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "polarization in radiation pattern is lowermicrostrp antenna. The cross-polarization effect is higher in the H-plane for both resonances. When frequency increases, the"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 633.0, 1515.0, 633.0, 1515.0, 668.0, 89.0, 668.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "effect increases interpreting from the radiation pattern simply. Moreover, almost omnidirectional and symmetrical radiation patterns have been attained along both E"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 665.0, 258.0, 665.0, 258.0, 692.0, 91.0, 692.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "plane and H-plane."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 748.0, 1518.0, 748.0, 1518.0, 782.0, 89.0, 782.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Figure 14: Radiation patterns of the proposed antenna, (a) 11.32 GHz at E-plane, (b) 11.32 at H-plane, (c) 14.96 GHz at E-plane, and (d) 14.96 GHz at H-plane."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 797.0, 1542.0, 799.0, 1542.0, 833.0, 86.0, 831.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "It has been observed that the same radiation pattern exists over the X- and Ku-bands. The obtained radiation patterns denote that the proposed antenna delivers linear"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 831.0, 1537.0, 831.0, 1537.0, 863.0, 89.0, 863.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "polarization where the level of cross-polarization is lower than that of copolarization in allof the simulated radiation patterns. When the radiation pattern ofa microstrip"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 858.0, 1537.0, 855.0, 1537.0, 889.0, 89.0, 892.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "antenna is symmetric and ommidirectional, it faces some reasonable benefits. One is that resonance would never be shifed at diferent directions and a large amount of"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 887.0, 1444.0, 884.0, 1444.0, 919.0, 89.0, 921.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "stable power would be at the direction of broadside beam Another advantage is that the radiation patterm would be more durable on the operational bands."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 938.0, 1532.0, 938.0, 1532.0, 972.0, 91.0, 972.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The phase variation ofthe proposed antenna is plotted in Figure 15. It is realized from the graph that the proposed antenna has the phase variation that is Inear across"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 970.0, 1560.0, 970.0, 1560.0, 1004.0, 91.0, 1004.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "both the upper and the lower operating frequency bands. This phase variation indicates that all the frequency components of the signal have the same pulse distortion due"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [86.0, 994.0, 1122.0, 994.0, 1122.0, 1035.0, 86.0, 1035.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "to the same propagation delay. Comparisons between existing and proposed antenas have been tabulated in Table 2."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1087.0, 657.0, 1087.0, 657.0, 1118.0, 91.0, 1118.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "Table 2: Comparisons between existing and proposed antennas."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1150.0, 521.0, 1150.0, 521.0, 1182.0, 89.0, 1182.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Figure 15: Phase value of the proposed antenna."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1201.0, 1510.0, 1201.0, 1510.0, 1233.0, 89.0, 1233.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "The Smith chart ofthe proposed antenna is shown in Figure 16. Two resonances ml and m2 are identified clearly from this chart which has validated the evidences."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1289.0, 517.0, 1289.0, 517.0, 1323.0, 89.0, 1323.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "Figure 16: Smith chart of the proposed antenna."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1350.0, 224.0, 1350.0, 224.0, 1377.0, 91.0, 1377.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "4. Conclusion"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1494.0, 1503.0, 1494.0, 1503.0, 1528.0, 89.0, 1528.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "for the proposed antenna for dual frequency operation has also been improved than conventional It is realized that a good combination has been focused between"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1523.0, 1508.0, 1523.0, 1508.0, 1554.0, 89.0, 1554.0], "score": 0.99, "text": "measurements and simulations that validate our proposed double F-shaped design concept. The patch resonator, compact size, stable radiation patterns, low cross"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1550.0, 1545.0, 1550.0, 1545.0, 1581.0, 89.0, 1581.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "polarization, efficiency with improved bandwidth, and higher gain have made the proposed double F-shaped antenna compatible for X-band and Ku-band applications."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1615.0, 285.0, 1615.0, 285.0, 1640.0, 91.0, 1640.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "Conflict of Interests"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [89.0, 1671.0, 903.0, 1671.0, 903.0, 1703.0, 89.0, 1703.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1732.0, 204.0, 1732.0, 204.0, 1759.0, 91.0, 1759.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "References"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [113.0, 1788.0, 1537.0, 1788.0, 1537.0, 1822.0, 113.0, 1822.0], "score": 0.97, "text": "1. Y.-C. Lu and Y.-C. Lin, \u201cA mode-based design method for dual-band and self-diplexing antennas using double T-stubs loaded aperture,\u201d\" IEEE Transactions"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [145.0, 1818.0, 1004.0, 1818.0, 1004.0, 1852.0, 145.0, 1852.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5596-5603, 2012. View at Google Scholar"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 1842.0, 1530.0, 1847.0, 1530.0, 1881.0, 111.0, 1876.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " 2. M. R. I. Faruque, M. T. Islam, and N. Misran, \u201cEvaluation of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction for PIFA antenna using metamaterials,\u201d Frequenz, vol."}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [143.0, 1874.0, 819.0, 1874.0, 819.0, 1908.0, 143.0, 1908.0], "score": 0.96, "text": " 64, no. 7-8, pp. 144-149, 2010. View at Google Scholar \u00b7 View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 1900.0, 1542.0, 1903.0, 1542.0, 1937.0, 111.0, 1935.0], "score": 0.97, "text": " 3. J-S. Row and S.- W. 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The measured impedance bandwidths (2 : 1"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [1004.0, 2049.0, 1146.0, 2049.0, 1146.0, 2083.0, 1004.0, 2083.0], "score": 0.96, "text": "View at Scopus"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [91.0, 1433.0, 462.0, 1433.0, 462.0, 1467.0, 91.0, 1467.0], "score": 1.0, "text": "VSWR) 2.12 GHz on the upper band and"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [554.0, 1433.0, 1560.0, 1433.0, 1560.0, 1467.0, 554.0, 1467.0], "score": 0.98, "text": "on the lower band with average gains of 7.82 dBi and 5.66 dBi have been achieved belonging to radiation eficiency"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [143.0, 1991.0, 604.0, 1991.0, 604.0, 2025.0, 143.0, 2025.0], "score": 0.99, "text": " 56, no. 5, pp. 1498-1501, 2008. 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The Ep and"}], "page_info": {"page_no": 3, "height": 2339, "width": 1653}}, {"layout_dets": [{"category_id": 1, "poly": [104.66098022460938, 73.2553939819336, 1560.8763427734375, 73.2553939819336, 1560.8763427734375, 724.37109375, 104.66098022460938, 724.37109375], "score": 0.9987766146659851}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [845, 115, 859, 115, 859, 131, 845, 131], "score": 0.4, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1134, 694, 1149, 694, 1149, 710, 1134, 710], "score": 0.38, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [905, 695, 919, 695, 919, 710, 905, 710], "score": 0.37, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [1001, 346, 1014, 346, 1014, 362, 1001, 362], "score": 0.3, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [479, 173, 493, 173, 493, 188, 479, 188], "score": 0.3, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 13, "poly": [421, 289, 435, 289, 435, 304, 421, 304], "score": 0.25, "latex": "\\cdot"}, {"category_id": 15, "poly": [111.0, 76.0, 1542.0, 78.0, 1542.0, 112.0, 111.0, 110.0], "score": 0.98, "text": " 9. 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\ No newline at end of file
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\ No newline at end of file
import pytest
import os
from conf import conf
import subprocess
from lib import common
import logging
pdf_res_path = conf.conf["pdf_res_path"]
code_path = conf.conf["code_path"]
pdf_dev_path = conf.conf["pdf_dev_path"]
class TestCli:
def test_pdf_specify_dir(self):
"""
输入pdf和指定目录的模型结果
"""
cmd = 'cd %s && export PYTHONPATH=. && find %s -type f -name "*.pdf" | xargs -I{} python magic_pdf/cli/magicpdf.py pdf-command --pdf {}' % (code_path, pdf_dev_path)
logging.info(cmd)
common.check_shell(cmd)
common.count_folders_and_check_contents(pdf_res_path)
def test_pdf_specify_jsonl(self):
"""
输入jsonl
"""
cmd = "cd %s && export PYTHONPATH=. && python "
if __name__ == "__main__":
pytest.main()
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