init

ollama/examples/typescript-simplechat/readme.md

+# Simple Chat Example
+
+The **chat** endpoint, available as of v0.1.14, is one of two ways to generate text from an LLM with Ollama. At a high level, you provide the endpoint an array of message objects with a role and content specified. Then with each output and prompt, you add more messages, which builds up the history.
+
+## Run the Example
+
+`npm start`
+
+## Review the Code
+
+You can see in the **chat** function that is actually calling the endpoint is simply done with:
+
+```typescript
+const body = {
+  model: model,
+  messages: messages
+}
+
+const response = await fetch("http://localhost:11434/api/chat", {
+  method: "POST",
+  body: JSON.stringify(body)
+})
+```
+
+With the **generate** endpoint, you need to provide a `prompt`. But with **chat**, you provide `messages`. And the resulting stream of responses includes a `message` object with a `content` field.
+
+The final JSON object doesn't provide the full content, so you will need to build the content yourself. In this example, **chat** takes the full array of messages and outputs the resulting message from this call of the chat endpoint.
+
+In the **askQuestion** function, we collect `user_input` and add it as a message to our messages, and that is passed to the chat function. When the LLM is done responding, the output is added as another message to the messages array.
+
+At the end, you will see a printout of all the messages.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+In this example, all generations are kept. You might want to experiment with summarizing everything older than 10 conversations to enable longer history with less context being used.

ollama/format/bytes.go

+package format
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+const (
+	Byte = 1
+
+	KiloByte = Byte * 1000
+	MegaByte = KiloByte * 1000
+	GigaByte = MegaByte * 1000
+	TeraByte = GigaByte * 1000
+
+	KibiByte = Byte * 1024
+	MebiByte = KibiByte * 1024
+	GibiByte = MebiByte * 1024
+)
+
+func HumanBytes(b int64) string {
+	var value float64
+	var unit string
+
+	switch {
+	case b >= TeraByte:
+		value = float64(b) / TeraByte
+		unit = "TB"
+	case b >= GigaByte:
+		value = float64(b) / GigaByte
+		unit = "GB"
+	case b >= MegaByte:
+		value = float64(b) / MegaByte
+		unit = "MB"
+	case b >= KiloByte:
+		value = float64(b) / KiloByte
+		unit = "KB"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case value >= 100:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	case value >= 10:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	case value != math.Trunc(value):
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %s", value, unit)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	}
+}
+
+func HumanBytes2(b uint64) string {
+	switch {
+	case b >= GibiByte:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f GiB", float64(b)/GibiByte)
+	case b >= MebiByte:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f MiB", float64(b)/MebiByte)
+	case b >= KibiByte:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f KiB", float64(b)/KibiByte)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)
+	}
+}

ollama/format/format.go

+package format
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+const (
+	Thousand = 1000
+	Million  = Thousand * 1000
+	Billion  = Million * 1000
+)
+
+func HumanNumber(b uint64) string {
+	switch {
+	case b >= Billion:
+		number := float64(b) / Billion
+		if number == math.Floor(number) {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fB", number) // no decimals if whole number
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fB", number) // one decimal if not a whole number
+	case b >= Million:
+		number := float64(b) / Million
+		if number == math.Floor(number) {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fM", number) // no decimals if whole number
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.2fM", number) // two decimals if not a whole number
+	case b >= Thousand:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fK", float64(b)/Thousand)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", b)
+	}
+}

ollama/format/format_test.go

+package format
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestHumanNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input    uint64
+		expected string
+	}
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{0, "0"},
+		{1000000, "1M"},
+		{125000000, "125M"},
+		{500500000, "500.50M"},
+		{500550000, "500.55M"},
+		{1000000000, "1B"},
+		{2800000000, "2.8B"},
+		{2850000000, "2.9B"},
+		{1000000000000, "1000B"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.expected, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := HumanNumber(tc.input)
+			if result != tc.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %s, got %s", tc.expected, result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

ollama/format/time.go

+package format
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// humanDuration returns a human-readable approximation of a
+// duration (eg. "About a minute", "4 hours ago", etc.).
+func humanDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	seconds := int(d.Seconds())
+
+	switch {
+	case seconds < 1:
+		return "Less than a second"
+	case seconds == 1:
+		return "1 second"
+	case seconds < 60:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d seconds", seconds)
+	}
+
+	minutes := int(d.Minutes())
+	switch {
+	case minutes == 1:
+		return "About a minute"
+	case minutes < 60:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d minutes", minutes)
+	}
+
+	hours := int(math.Round(d.Hours()))
+	switch {
+	case hours == 1:
+		return "About an hour"
+	case hours < 48:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d hours", hours)
+	case hours < 24*7*2:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d days", hours/24)
+	case hours < 24*30*2:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d weeks", hours/24/7)
+	case hours < 24*365*2:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d months", hours/24/30)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d years", int(d.Hours())/24/365)
+}
+
+func HumanTime(t time.Time, zeroValue string) string {
+	return humanTime(t, zeroValue)
+}
+
+func HumanTimeLower(t time.Time, zeroValue string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(humanTime(t, zeroValue))
+}
+
+func humanTime(t time.Time, zeroValue string) string {
+	if t.IsZero() {
+		return zeroValue
+	}
+
+	delta := time.Since(t)
+	if int(delta.Hours())/24/365 < -20 {
+		return "Forever"
+	} else if delta < 0 {
+		return humanDuration(-delta) + " from now"
+	}
+
+	return humanDuration(delta) + " ago"
+}

ollama/format/time_test.go

+package format
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func assertEqual(t *testing.T, a interface{}, b interface{}) {
+	if a != b {
+		t.Errorf("Assert failed, expected %v, got %v", b, a)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHumanTime(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	t.Run("zero value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTime(time.Time{}, "never"), "never")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("time in the future", func(t *testing.T) {
+		v := now.Add(48 * time.Hour)
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTime(v, ""), "2 days from now")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("time in the past", func(t *testing.T) {
+		v := now.Add(-48 * time.Hour)
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTime(v, ""), "2 days ago")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("soon", func(t *testing.T) {
+		v := now.Add(800 * time.Millisecond)
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTime(v, ""), "Less than a second from now")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("time way in the future", func(t *testing.T) {
+		v := now.Add(24 * time.Hour * 365 * 200)
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTime(v, ""), "Forever")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("time way in the future lowercase", func(t *testing.T) {
+		v := now.Add(24 * time.Hour * 365 * 200)
+		assertEqual(t, HumanTimeLower(v, ""), "forever")
+	})
+}

ollama/go.mod

+module github.com/ollama/ollama
+
+go 1.22.0
+
+require (
+	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.3
+	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2
+	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/agnivade/levenshtein v1.1.1
+	github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16 v0.0.0-20211005043715-690c3bdd05f1
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14
+	github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0
+	github.com/pdevine/tensor v0.0.0-20240510204454-f88f4562727c
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20211112161151-bc219186db40 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/chewxy/hm v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/chewxy/math32 v1.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/flatbuffers v24.3.25+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/xtgo/set v1.0.0 // indirect
+	go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc v0.0.0-20231121144256-b99613f794b6 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 // indirect
+	gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.15.0 // indirect
+	gorgonia.org/vecf32 v0.9.0 // indirect
+	gorgonia.org/vecf64 v0.9.0 // indirect
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.7.2
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231110203233-9a3e6036ecaa
+	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+)

ollama/go.sum

+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20190408044501-666a987793e9/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
+gioui.org v0.0.0-20210308172011-57750fc8a0a6/go.mod h1:RSH6KIUZ0p2xy5zHDxgAM4zumjgTw83q2ge/PI+yyw8=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
+github.com/agnivade/levenshtein v1.1.1 h1:QY8M92nrzkmr798gCo3kmMyqXFzdQVpxLlGPRBij0P8=
+github.com/agnivade/levenshtein v1.1.1/go.mod h1:veldBMzWxcCG2ZvUTKD2kJNRdCk5hVbJomOvKkmgYbo=
+github.com/ajstarks/svgo v0.0.0-20180226025133-644b8db467af/go.mod h1:K08gAheRH3/J6wwsYMMT4xOr94bZjxIelGM0+d/wbFw=
+github.com/antihax/optional v1.0.0/go.mod h1:uupD/76wgC+ih3iEmQUL+0Ugr19nfwCT1kdvxnR2qWY=
+github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20211112161151-bc219186db40 h1:q4dksr6ICHXqG5hm0ZW5IHyeEJXoIJSOZeBLmWPNeIQ=
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+github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.0.0/go.mod h1:paBWMcWSl3LHKBqUq+rly7CNSldXjb2rDl3JlRe0mD8=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 h1:oUp34TzMlL+OY1OUWxHqsdkgC/Zfc85zGqw9siXjrc0=
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+github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1/go.mod h1:ncP89zfokxS5LZrJxl5z0UJcsk4M4yY2JpfqGeCtNLU=
+github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
+github.com/chewxy/hm v1.0.0 h1:zy/TSv3LV2nD3dwUEQL2VhXeoXbb9QkpmdRAVUFiA6k=
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+github.com/chewxy/math32 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Miac6hA1ohdDUTagnvJy/q+aNnEk16qWUdb8ZVhvCN0=
+github.com/chewxy/math32 v1.10.1 h1:LFpeY0SLJXeaiej/eIp2L40VYfscTvKh/FSEZ68uMkU=
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+github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
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+github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0 h1:1KNIy1I1H9hNNFEEH3DVnI4UujN+1zjpuk6gwHLTssg=
+github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0/go.mod h1:8rXZaNYT2n95jn+zTI1sDr+IgcD2GVs0nlbbQPiEFhY=
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+github.com/dgryski/trifles v0.0.0-20200323201526-dd97f9abfb48 h1:fRzb/w+pyskVMQ+UbP35JkH8yB7MYb4q/qhBarqZE6g=
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ollama/gpu/amd_common.go

+//go:build linux || windows
+
+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Determine if the given ROCm lib directory is usable by checking for existence of some glob patterns
+func rocmLibUsable(libDir string) bool {
+	slog.Debug("evaluating potential rocm lib dir " + libDir)
+	for _, g := range ROCmLibGlobs {
+		res, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(libDir, g))
+		if len(res) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func GetSupportedGFX(libDir string) ([]string, error) {
+	var ret []string
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(libDir, "rocblas", "library", "TensileLibrary_lazy_gfx*.dat"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, file := range files {
+		ret = append(ret, strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Base(file), "TensileLibrary_lazy_"), ".dat"))
+	}
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+func rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv(gpuInfo []GpuInfo) (string, string) {
+	ids := []string{}
+	for _, info := range gpuInfo {
+		if info.Library != "rocm" {
+			// TODO shouldn't happen if things are wired correctly...
+			slog.Debug("rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv skipping over non-rocm device", "library", info.Library)
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, info.ID)
+	}
+	return "HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES", strings.Join(ids, ",")
+}
+
+func commonAMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
+	// We try to favor system paths first, so that we can wire up the subprocess to use
+	// the system version.  Only use our bundled version if the system version doesn't work
+	// This gives users a more recovery options if versions have subtle problems at runtime
+
+	// Prefer explicit HIP env var
+	hipPath := os.Getenv("HIP_PATH")
+	if hipPath != "" {
+		hipLibDir := filepath.Join(hipPath, "bin")
+		if rocmLibUsable(hipLibDir) {
+			slog.Debug("detected ROCM via HIP_PATH=" + hipPath)
+			return hipLibDir, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Scan the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or PATH
+	pathEnv := "LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		pathEnv = "PATH"
+	}
+
+	paths := os.Getenv(pathEnv)
+	for _, path := range filepath.SplitList(paths) {
+		d, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rocmLibUsable(d) {
+			return d, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Well known location(s)
+	for _, path := range RocmStandardLocations {
+		if rocmLibUsable(path) {
+			return path, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Installer payload location if we're running the installed binary
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err == nil {
+		rocmTargetDir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), "rocm")
+		if rocmLibUsable(rocmTargetDir) {
+			slog.Debug("detected ROCM next to ollama executable " + rocmTargetDir)
+			return rocmTargetDir, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no suitable rocm found, falling back to CPU")
+}

ollama/gpu/amd_hip_windows.go

+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	hipSuccess       = 0
+	hipErrorNoDevice = 100
+)
+
+type hipDevicePropMinimal struct {
+	Name        [256]byte
+	unused1     [140]byte
+	GcnArchName [256]byte // gfx####
+	iGPU        int       // Doesn't seem to actually report correctly
+	unused2     [128]byte
+}
+
+// Wrap the amdhip64.dll library for GPU discovery
+type HipLib struct {
+	dll                    windows.Handle
+	hipGetDeviceCount      uintptr
+	hipGetDeviceProperties uintptr
+	hipMemGetInfo          uintptr
+	hipSetDevice           uintptr
+	hipDriverGetVersion    uintptr
+}
+
+func NewHipLib() (*HipLib, error) {
+	h, err := windows.LoadLibrary("amdhip64.dll")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load amdhip64.dll: %w", err)
+	}
+	hl := &HipLib{}
+	hl.dll = h
+	hl.hipGetDeviceCount, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hl.dll, "hipGetDeviceCount")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hl.hipGetDeviceProperties, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hl.dll, "hipGetDeviceProperties")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hl.hipMemGetInfo, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hl.dll, "hipMemGetInfo")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hl.hipSetDevice, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hl.dll, "hipSetDevice")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hl.hipDriverGetVersion, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hl.dll, "hipDriverGetVersion")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return hl, nil
+}
+
+// The hip library only evaluates the HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES variable at startup
+// so we have to unload/reset the library after we do our initial discovery
+// to make sure our updates to that variable are processed by llama.cpp
+func (hl *HipLib) Release() {
+	err := windows.FreeLibrary(hl.dll)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("failed to unload amdhip64.dll", "error", err)
+	}
+	hl.dll = 0
+}
+
+func (hl *HipLib) AMDDriverVersion() (driverMajor, driverMinor int, err error) {
+	if hl.dll == 0 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("dll has been unloaded")
+	}
+	var version int
+	status, _, err := syscall.SyscallN(hl.hipDriverGetVersion, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&version)))
+	if status != hipSuccess {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed call to hipDriverGetVersion: %d %s", status, err)
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("hipDriverGetVersion", "version", version)
+	// TODO - this isn't actually right, but the docs claim hipDriverGetVersion isn't accurate anyway...
+	driverMajor = version / 1000
+	driverMinor = (version - (driverMajor * 1000)) / 10
+
+	return driverMajor, driverMinor, nil
+}
+
+func (hl *HipLib) HipGetDeviceCount() int {
+	if hl.dll == 0 {
+		slog.Error("dll has been unloaded")
+		return 0
+	}
+	var count int
+	status, _, err := syscall.SyscallN(hl.hipGetDeviceCount, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&count)))
+	if status == hipErrorNoDevice {
+		slog.Info("AMD ROCm reports no devices found")
+		return 0
+	}
+	if status != hipSuccess {
+		slog.Warn("failed call to hipGetDeviceCount", "status", status, "error", err)
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+func (hl *HipLib) HipSetDevice(device int) error {
+	if hl.dll == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dll has been unloaded")
+	}
+	status, _, err := syscall.SyscallN(hl.hipSetDevice, uintptr(device))
+	if status != hipSuccess {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed call to hipSetDevice: %d %s", status, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (hl *HipLib) HipGetDeviceProperties(device int) (*hipDevicePropMinimal, error) {
+	if hl.dll == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dll has been unloaded")
+	}
+	var props hipDevicePropMinimal
+	status, _, err := syscall.SyscallN(hl.hipGetDeviceProperties, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&props)), uintptr(device))
+	if status != hipSuccess {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed call to hipGetDeviceProperties: %d %s", status, err)
+	}
+	return &props, nil
+}
+
+// free, total, err
+func (hl *HipLib) HipMemGetInfo() (uint64, uint64, error) {
+	if hl.dll == 0 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("dll has been unloaded")
+	}
+	var totalMemory uint64
+	var freeMemory uint64
+	status, _, err := syscall.SyscallN(hl.hipMemGetInfo, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&freeMemory)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&totalMemory)))
+	if status != hipSuccess {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed call to hipMemGetInfo: %d %s", status, err)
+	}
+	return freeMemory, totalMemory, nil
+}

ollama/gpu/amd_linux.go

+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+)
+
+// Discovery logic for AMD/ROCm GPUs
+
+const (
+	// DriverVersionFile     = "/sys/module/amdgpu/version"
+	DriverVersionFile = "/sys/module/hydcu/version"
+	AMDNodesSysfsDir      = "/sys/class/kfd/kfd/topology/nodes/"
+	GPUPropertiesFileGlob = AMDNodesSysfsDir + "*/properties"
+
+	// Prefix with the node dir
+	GPUTotalMemoryFileGlob = "mem_banks/*/properties" // size_in_bytes line
+
+	// Direct Rendering Manager sysfs location
+	DRMDeviceDirGlob   = "/sys/class/drm/card*/device"
+	DRMTotalMemoryFile = "mem_info_vram_total"
+	DRMUsedMemoryFile  = "mem_info_vram_used"
+
+	// In hex; properties file is in decimal
+	DRMUniqueIDFile = "unique_id"
+	DRMVendorFile   = "vendor"
+	DRMDeviceFile   = "device"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Used to validate if the given ROCm lib is usable
+	// ROCmLibGlobs          = []string{"libhipblas.so.2*", "rocblas"} // TODO - probably include more coverage of files here...
+	// RocmStandardLocations = []string{"/opt/rocm/lib", "/usr/lib64"}
+	ROCmLibGlobs = []string{"libhipblas.so.0.1","rocblas"}
+	RocmStandardLocations = []string{"/opt/dtk/lib", "/usr/lib64"}
+)
+
+// Gather GPU information from the amdgpu driver if any supported GPUs are detected
+func AMDGetGPUInfo() []RocmGPUInfo {
+	resp := []RocmGPUInfo{}
+	if !AMDDetected() {
+		return resp
+	}
+
+	// Opportunistic logging of driver version to aid in troubleshooting
+	driverMajor, driverMinor, err := AMDDriverVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		// TODO - if we see users crash and burn with the upstreamed kernel this can be adjusted to hard-fail rocm support and fallback to CPU
+		slog.Warn("ollama recommends running the https://www.amd.com/en/support/linux-drivers", "error", err)
+	}
+
+	// Determine if the user has already pre-selected which GPUs to look at, then ignore the others
+	var visibleDevices []string
+	hipVD := envconfig.HipVisibleDevices   // zero based index only
+	rocrVD := envconfig.RocrVisibleDevices // zero based index or UUID, but consumer cards seem to not support UUID
+	gpuDO := envconfig.GpuDeviceOrdinal    // zero based index
+	switch {
+	// TODO is this priorty order right?
+	case hipVD != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(hipVD, ",")
+	case rocrVD != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(rocrVD, ",")
+		// TODO - since we don't yet support UUIDs, consider detecting and reporting here
+		// all our test systems show GPU-XX indicating UUID is not supported
+	case gpuDO != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(gpuDO, ",")
+	}
+
+	gfxOverride := envconfig.HsaOverrideGfxVersion
+	var supported []string
+	libDir := ""
+
+	// The amdgpu driver always exposes the host CPU(s) first, but we have to skip them and subtract
+	// from the other IDs to get alignment with the HIP libraries expectations (zero is the first GPU, not the CPU)
+	matches, _ := filepath.Glob(GPUPropertiesFileGlob)
+	sort.Slice(matches, func(i, j int) bool {
+		// /sys/class/kfd/kfd/topology/nodes/<number>/properties
+		a, err := strconv.ParseInt(filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(matches[i])), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("parse err", "error", err, "match", matches[i])
+			return false
+		}
+		b, err := strconv.ParseInt(filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(matches[j])), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("parse err", "error", err, "match", matches[i])
+			return false
+		}
+		return a < b
+	})
+	cpuCount := 0
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		slog.Debug("evaluating amdgpu node " + match)
+		fp, err := os.Open(match)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("failed to open sysfs node", "file", match, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		defer fp.Close()
+		nodeID, err := strconv.Atoi(filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(match)))
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("failed to parse node ID", "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
+		isCPU := false
+		var major, minor, patch uint64
+		var vendor, device, uniqueID uint64
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+			// Note: we could also use "cpu_cores_count X" where X is greater than zero to detect CPUs
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "gfx_target_version") {
+				ver := strings.Fields(line)
+
+				// Detect CPUs
+				if len(ver) == 2 && ver[1] == "0" {
+					slog.Debug("detected CPU " + match)
+					isCPU = true
+					break
+				}
+
+				if len(ver) != 2 || len(ver[1]) < 5 {
+					slog.Warn("malformed "+match, "gfx_target_version", line)
+					// If this winds up being a CPU, our offsets may be wrong
+					continue
+				}
+				l := len(ver[1])
+				var err1, err2, err3 error
+				patch, err1 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-2:l], 10, 32)
+				minor, err2 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-4:l-2], 10, 32)
+				major, err3 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][:l-4], 10, 32)
+				if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || err3 != nil {
+					slog.Debug("malformed int " + line)
+					continue
+				}
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "vendor_id") {
+				ver := strings.Fields(line)
+				if len(ver) != 2 {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "vendor_id", line)
+					continue
+				}
+				vendor, err = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1], 10, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "vendor_id", line, "error", err)
+				}
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "device_id") {
+				ver := strings.Fields(line)
+				if len(ver) != 2 {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "device_id", line)
+					continue
+				}
+				device, err = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1], 10, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "device_id", line, "error", err)
+				}
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "unique_id") {
+				ver := strings.Fields(line)
+				if len(ver) != 2 {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "unique_id", line)
+					continue
+				}
+				uniqueID, err = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1], 10, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Debug("malformed", "unique_id", line, "error", err)
+				}
+			}
+			// TODO - any other properties we want to extract and record?
+			// vendor_id + device_id -> pci lookup for "Name"
+			// Other metrics that may help us understand relative performance between multiple GPUs
+		}
+
+		// Note: while ./mem_banks/*/used_memory exists, it doesn't appear to take other VRAM consumers
+		// into consideration, so we instead map the device over to the DRM driver sysfs nodes which
+		// do reliably report VRAM usage.
+
+		if isCPU {
+			cpuCount++
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// CPUs are always first in the list
+		gpuID := nodeID - cpuCount
+
+		// Shouldn't happen, but just in case...
+		if gpuID < 0 {
+			slog.Error("unexpected amdgpu sysfs data resulted in negative GPU ID, please set OLLAMA_DEBUG=1 and report an issue")
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if int(major) < RocmComputeMin {
+			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu too old gfx%d%x%x", major, minor, patch), "gpu", gpuID)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Look up the memory for the current node
+		totalMemory := uint64(0)
+		usedMemory := uint64(0)
+		var usedFile string
+		mapping := []struct {
+			id       uint64
+			filename string
+		}{
+			{vendor, DRMVendorFile},
+			{device, DRMDeviceFile},
+			{uniqueID, DRMUniqueIDFile}, // Not all devices will report this
+		}
+		slog.Debug("mapping amdgpu to drm sysfs nodes", "amdgpu", match, "vendor", vendor, "device", device, "unique_id", uniqueID)
+		// Map over to DRM location to find the total/free memory
+		drmMatches, _ := filepath.Glob(DRMDeviceDirGlob)
+		for _, devDir := range drmMatches {
+			matched := true
+			for _, m := range mapping {
+				if m.id == 0 {
+					// Null ID means it didn't populate, so we can't use it to match
+					continue
+				}
+				filename := filepath.Join(devDir, m.filename)
+				buf, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Debug("failed to read sysfs node", "file", filename, "error", err)
+					matched = false
+					break
+				}
+				// values here are in hex, strip off the lead 0x and parse so we can compare the numeric (decimal) values in amdgpu
+				cmp, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(buf)), "0x"), 16, 64)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Debug("failed to parse sysfs node", "file", filename, "error", err)
+					matched = false
+					break
+				}
+				if cmp != m.id {
+					matched = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !matched {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Found the matching DRM directory
+			slog.Debug("matched", "amdgpu", match, "drm", devDir)
+			totalFile := filepath.Join(devDir, DRMTotalMemoryFile)
+			buf, err := os.ReadFile(totalFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Debug("failed to read sysfs node", "file", totalFile, "error", err)
+				break
+			}
+			totalMemory, err = strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(string(buf)), 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Debug("failed to parse sysfs node", "file", totalFile, "error", err)
+				break
+			}
+
+			usedFile = filepath.Join(devDir, DRMUsedMemoryFile)
+			usedMemory, err = getFreeMemory(usedFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Debug("failed to update used memory", "error", err)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		// iGPU detection, remove this check once we can support an iGPU variant of the rocm library
+		if totalMemory < IGPUMemLimit {
+			slog.Info("unsupported Radeon iGPU detected skipping", "id", gpuID, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+			continue
+		}
+		var name string
+		// TODO - PCI ID lookup
+		if vendor > 0 && device > 0 {
+			name = fmt.Sprintf("%04x:%04x", vendor, device)
+		}
+
+		slog.Debug("amdgpu memory", "gpu", gpuID, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+		slog.Debug("amdgpu memory", "gpu", gpuID, "available", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory-usedMemory))
+		gpuInfo := RocmGPUInfo{
+			GpuInfo: GpuInfo{
+				Library: "rocm",
+				memInfo: memInfo{
+					TotalMemory: totalMemory,
+					FreeMemory:  (totalMemory - usedMemory),
+				},
+				ID:            strconv.Itoa(gpuID),
+				Name:          name,
+				Compute:       fmt.Sprintf("gfx%d%x%x", major, minor, patch),
+				MinimumMemory: rocmMinimumMemory,
+				DriverMajor:   driverMajor,
+				DriverMinor:   driverMinor,
+			},
+			usedFilepath: usedFile,
+		}
+
+		// If the user wants to filter to a subset of devices, filter out if we aren't a match
+		if len(visibleDevices) > 0 {
+			include := false
+			for _, visible := range visibleDevices {
+				if visible == gpuInfo.ID {
+					include = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !include {
+				slog.Info("filtering out device per user request", "id", gpuInfo.ID, "visible_devices", visibleDevices)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Final validation is gfx compatibility - load the library if we haven't already loaded it
+		// even if the user overrides, we still need to validate the library
+		if libDir == "" {
+			libDir, err = AMDValidateLibDir()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu", "error", err)
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		gpuInfo.DependencyPath = libDir
+
+		if gfxOverride == "" {
+			// Only load supported list once
+			if len(supported) == 0 {
+				supported, err = GetSupportedGFX(libDir)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Warn("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode", "error", err)
+					return nil
+				}
+				slog.Debug("rocm supported GPUs", "types", supported)
+			}
+			gfx := gpuInfo.Compute
+			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, gfx) {
+				slog.Warn("amdgpu is not supported", "gpu", gpuInfo.ID, "gpu_type", gfx, "library", libDir, "supported_types", supported)
+				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
+				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/gpu.md#overrides for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")
+				continue
+			} else {
+				slog.Info("amdgpu is supported", "gpu", gpuInfo.ID, "gpu_type", gfx)
+			}
+		} else {
+			slog.Info("skipping rocm gfx compatibility check", "HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION", gfxOverride)
+		}
+
+		// Check for env var workarounds
+		if name == "1002:687f" { // Vega RX 56
+			gpuInfo.EnvWorkarounds = append(gpuInfo.EnvWorkarounds, [2]string{"HSA_ENABLE_SDMA", "0"})
+		}
+
+		// The GPU has passed all the verification steps and is supported
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
+	}
+	if len(resp) == 0 {
+		slog.Info("no compatible amdgpu devices detected")
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+// Quick check for AMD driver so we can skip amdgpu discovery if not present
+func AMDDetected() bool {
+	// Some driver versions (older?) don't have a version file, so just lookup the parent dir
+	sysfsDir := filepath.Dir(DriverVersionFile)
+	_, err := os.Stat(sysfsDir)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		slog.Debug("amdgpu driver not detected " + sysfsDir)
+		return false
+	} else if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("error looking up amd driver", "path", sysfsDir, "error", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Prefer to use host installed ROCm, as long as it meets our minimum requirements
+// failing that, tell the user how to download it on their own
+func AMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
+	libDir, err := commonAMDValidateLibDir()
+	if err == nil {
+		return libDir, nil
+	}
+
+	// Well known ollama installer path
+	installedRocmDir := "/usr/share/ollama/lib/rocm"
+	if rocmLibUsable(installedRocmDir) {
+		return installedRocmDir, nil
+	}
+
+	// If we still haven't found a usable rocm, the user will have to install it on their own
+	slog.Warn("amdgpu detected, but no compatible rocm library found.  Either install rocm v6, or follow manual install instructions at https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/linux.md#manual-install")
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no suitable rocm found, falling back to CPU")
+}
+
+func AMDDriverVersion() (driverMajor, driverMinor int, err error) {
+	_, err = os.Stat(DriverVersionFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("amdgpu version file missing: %s %w", DriverVersionFile, err)
+	}
+	fp, err := os.Open(DriverVersionFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	defer fp.Close()
+	verString, err := io.ReadAll(fp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+
+	pattern := `\A(\d+)\.(\d+).*`
+	regex := regexp.MustCompile(pattern)
+	match := regex.FindStringSubmatch(string(verString))
+	if len(match) < 2 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("malformed version string %s", string(verString))
+	}
+	driverMajor, err = strconv.Atoi(match[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	driverMinor, err = strconv.Atoi(match[2])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	return driverMajor, driverMinor, nil
+}
+
+func (gpus RocmGPUInfoList) RefreshFreeMemory() error {
+	if len(gpus) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for i := range gpus {
+		usedMemory, err := getFreeMemory(gpus[i].usedFilepath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		slog.Debug("updating rocm free memory", "gpu", gpus[i].ID, "name", gpus[i].Name, "before", format.HumanBytes2(gpus[i].FreeMemory), "now", format.HumanBytes2(gpus[i].TotalMemory-usedMemory))
+		gpus[i].FreeMemory = gpus[i].TotalMemory - usedMemory
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getFreeMemory(usedFile string) (uint64, error) {
+	buf, err := os.ReadFile(usedFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read sysfs node %s %w", usedFile, err)
+	}
+	usedMemory, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(string(buf)), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("failed to parse sysfs node", "file", usedFile, "error", err)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse sysfs node %s %w", usedFile, err)
+	}
+	return usedMemory, nil
+}

ollama/gpu/amd_windows.go

+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+)
+
+const (
+
+	// TODO  We're lookinng for this exact name to detect iGPUs since hipGetDeviceProperties never reports integrated==true
+	iGPUName = "AMD Radeon(TM) Graphics"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Used to validate if the given ROCm lib is usable
+	ROCmLibGlobs          = []string{"hipblas.dll", "rocblas"}                 // TODO - probably include more coverage of files here...
+	RocmStandardLocations = []string{"C:\\Program Files\\AMD\\ROCm\\5.7\\bin"} // TODO glob?
+)
+
+func AMDGetGPUInfo() []RocmGPUInfo {
+	resp := []RocmGPUInfo{}
+	hl, err := NewHipLib()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug(err.Error())
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer hl.Release()
+
+	// TODO - this reports incorrect version information, so omitting for now
+	// driverMajor, driverMinor, err := hl.AMDDriverVersion()
+	// if err != nil {
+	// 	// For now this is benign, but we may eventually need to fail compatibility checks
+	// 	slog.Debug("error looking up amd driver version", "error", err)
+	// }
+
+	// Note: the HIP library automatically handles subsetting to any HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES the user specified
+	count := hl.HipGetDeviceCount()
+	if count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	libDir, err := AMDValidateLibDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu", "error", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var supported []string
+	gfxOverride := envconfig.HsaOverrideGfxVersion
+	if gfxOverride == "" {
+		supported, err = GetSupportedGFX(libDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode", "error", err)
+			return nil
+		}
+	} else {
+		slog.Info("skipping rocm gfx compatibility check", "HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION", gfxOverride)
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("detected hip devices", "count", count)
+	// TODO how to determine the underlying device ID when visible devices is causing this to subset?
+	for i := range count {
+		err = hl.HipSetDevice(i)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("set device", "id", i, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		props, err := hl.HipGetDeviceProperties(i)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("get properties", "id", i, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		n := bytes.IndexByte(props.Name[:], 0)
+		name := string(props.Name[:n])
+		// TODO is UUID actually populated on windows?
+		// Can luid be used on windows for setting visible devices (and is it actually set?)
+		n = bytes.IndexByte(props.GcnArchName[:], 0)
+		gfx := string(props.GcnArchName[:n])
+		slog.Debug("hip device", "id", i, "name", name, "gfx", gfx)
+		//slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] Integrated: %d", i, props.iGPU)) // DOESN'T REPORT CORRECTLY!  Always 0
+		// TODO  Why isn't props.iGPU accurate!?
+		if strings.EqualFold(name, iGPUName) {
+			slog.Info("unsupported Radeon iGPU detected skipping", "id", i, "name", name, "gfx", gfx)
+			continue
+		}
+		if gfxOverride == "" {
+			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, gfx) {
+				slog.Warn("amdgpu is not supported", "gpu", i, "gpu_type", gfx, "library", libDir, "supported_types", supported)
+				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
+				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")
+				continue
+			} else {
+				slog.Debug("amdgpu is supported", "gpu", i, "gpu_type", gfx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		freeMemory, totalMemory, err := hl.HipMemGetInfo()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("get mem info", "id", i, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// iGPU detection, remove this check once we can support an iGPU variant of the rocm library
+		if totalMemory < IGPUMemLimit {
+			slog.Info("amdgpu appears to be an iGPU, skipping", "gpu", i, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// TODO revisit this once ROCm v6 is available on windows.
+		// v5.7 only reports VRAM used by this process, so it's completely wrong and unusable
+		slog.Debug("amdgpu memory", "gpu", i, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+		slog.Debug("amdgpu memory", "gpu", i, "available", format.HumanBytes2(freeMemory))
+		gpuInfo := RocmGPUInfo{
+			GpuInfo: GpuInfo{
+				Library: "rocm",
+				memInfo: memInfo{
+					TotalMemory: totalMemory,
+					FreeMemory:  freeMemory,
+				},
+				ID:             strconv.Itoa(i), // TODO this is probably wrong if we specify visible devices
+				DependencyPath: libDir,
+				MinimumMemory:  rocmMinimumMemory,
+				Name:           name,
+				Compute:        gfx,
+
+				// TODO - this information isn't accurate on windows, so don't report it until we find the right way to retrieve
+				// DriverMajor:    driverMajor,
+				// DriverMinor:    driverMinor,
+			},
+			index: i,
+		}
+
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+func AMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
+	libDir, err := commonAMDValidateLibDir()
+	if err == nil {
+		return libDir, nil
+	}
+
+	// Installer payload (if we're running from some other location)
+	localAppData := os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")
+	appDir := filepath.Join(localAppData, "Programs", "Ollama")
+	rocmTargetDir := filepath.Join(appDir, "rocm")
+	if rocmLibUsable(rocmTargetDir) {
+		slog.Debug("detected ollama installed ROCm at " + rocmTargetDir)
+		return rocmTargetDir, nil
+	}
+
+	// Should not happen on windows since we include it in the installer, but stand-alone binary might hit this
+	slog.Warn("amdgpu detected, but no compatible rocm library found.  Please install ROCm")
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no suitable rocm found, falling back to CPU")
+}
+
+func (gpus RocmGPUInfoList) RefreshFreeMemory() error {
+	if len(gpus) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	hl, err := NewHipLib()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug(err.Error())
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer hl.Release()
+
+	for i := range gpus {
+		err := hl.HipSetDevice(gpus[i].index)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		freeMemory, _, err := hl.HipMemGetInfo()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("get mem info", "id", i, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		slog.Debug("updating rocm free memory", "gpu", gpus[i].ID, "name", gpus[i].Name, "before", format.HumanBytes2(gpus[i].FreeMemory), "now", format.HumanBytes2(freeMemory))
+		gpus[i].FreeMemory = freeMemory
+	}
+	return nil
+}

ollama/gpu/assets.go

+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+)
+
+var (
+	lock        sync.Mutex
+	payloadsDir = ""
+)
+
+func PayloadsDir() (string, error) {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	var err error
+	if payloadsDir == "" {
+		runnersDir := envconfig.RunnersDir
+
+		if runnersDir != "" {
+			payloadsDir = runnersDir
+			return payloadsDir, nil
+		}
+
+		// The remainder only applies on non-windows where we still carry payloads in the main executable
+		cleanupTmpDirs()
+		tmpDir := envconfig.TmpDir
+		if tmpDir == "" {
+			tmpDir, err = os.MkdirTemp("", "ollama")
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to generate tmp dir: %w", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			err = os.MkdirAll(tmpDir, 0755)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to generate tmp dir %s: %w", tmpDir, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Track our pid so we can clean up orphaned tmpdirs
+		pidFilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama.pid")
+		pidFile, err := os.OpenFile(pidFilePath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, os.ModePerm)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if _, err := pidFile.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprint(os.Getpid()))); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		// We create a distinct subdirectory for payloads within the tmpdir
+		// This will typically look like /tmp/ollama3208993108/runners on linux
+		payloadsDir = filepath.Join(tmpDir, "runners")
+	}
+	return payloadsDir, nil
+}
+
+// Best effort to clean up prior tmpdirs
+func cleanupTmpDirs() {
+	dirs, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "ollama*"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, d := range dirs {
+		info, err := os.Stat(d)
+		if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "ollama.pid"))
+		if err == nil {
+			pid, err := strconv.Atoi(string(raw))
+			if err == nil {
+				if proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid); err == nil && !errors.Is(proc.Signal(syscall.Signal(0)), os.ErrProcessDone) {
+					// Another running ollama, ignore this tmpdir
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("failed to open ollama.pid", "path", d, "error", err)
+		}
+		err = os.RemoveAll(d)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("unable to cleanup stale tmpdir", "path", d, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Cleanup() {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	runnersDir := envconfig.RunnersDir
+	if payloadsDir != "" && runnersDir == "" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		// We want to fully clean up the tmpdir parent of the payloads dir
+		tmpDir := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(payloadsDir, ".."))
+		slog.Debug("cleaning up", "dir", tmpDir)
+		err := os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			// On windows, if we remove too quickly the llama.dll may still be in-use and fail to remove
+			time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
+			err = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to clean up", "dir", tmpDir, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func UpdatePath(dir string) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		tmpDir := filepath.Dir(dir)
+		pathComponents := strings.Split(os.Getenv("PATH"), ";")
+		i := 0
+		for _, comp := range pathComponents {
+			if strings.EqualFold(comp, dir) {
+				return
+			}
+			// Remove any other prior paths to our temp dir
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(comp), strings.ToLower(tmpDir)) {
+				pathComponents[i] = comp
+				i++
+			}
+		}
+		newPath := strings.Join(append([]string{dir}, pathComponents...), ";")
+		slog.Info("updating", "PATH", newPath)
+		os.Setenv("PATH", newPath)
+	}
+	// linux and darwin rely on rpath
+}

ollama/gpu/cpu_common.go

+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/cpu"
+)
+
+func GetCPUCapability() CPUCapability {
+	if cpu.X86.HasAVX2 {
+		return CPUCapabilityAVX2
+	}
+	if cpu.X86.HasAVX {
+		return CPUCapabilityAVX
+	}
+	// else LCD
+	return CPUCapabilityNone
+}

ollama/gpu/cuda_common.go

+//go:build linux || windows
+
+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv(gpuInfo []GpuInfo) (string, string) {
+	ids := []string{}
+	for _, info := range gpuInfo {
+		if info.Library != "cuda" {
+			// TODO shouldn't happen if things are wired correctly...
+			slog.Debug("cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv skipping over non-cuda device", "library", info.Library)
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, info.ID)
+	}
+	return "CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES", strings.Join(ids, ",")
+}

ollama/gpu/gpu.go

+//go:build linux || windows
+
+package gpu
+
+/*
+#cgo linux LDFLAGS: -lrt -lpthread -ldl -lstdc++ -lm
+#cgo windows LDFLAGS: -lpthread
+
+#include "gpu_info.h"
+
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+)
+
+type cudaHandles struct {
+	deviceCount int
+	cudart      *C.cudart_handle_t
+	nvcuda      *C.nvcuda_handle_t
+	nvml        *C.nvml_handle_t
+}
+
+type oneapiHandles struct {
+	oneapi      *C.oneapi_handle_t
+	deviceCount int
+}
+
+const (
+	cudaMinimumMemory = 457 * format.MebiByte
+	rocmMinimumMemory = 457 * format.MebiByte
+	// TODO OneAPI minimum memory
+)
+
+var (
+	gpuMutex      sync.Mutex
+	bootstrapped  bool
+	cpuCapability CPUCapability
+	cpus          []CPUInfo
+	cudaGPUs      []CudaGPUInfo
+	nvcudaLibPath string
+	cudartLibPath string
+	oneapiLibPath string
+	nvmlLibPath   string
+	rocmGPUs      []RocmGPUInfo
+	oneapiGPUs    []OneapiGPUInfo
+)
+
+// With our current CUDA compile flags, older than 5.0 will not work properly
+var CudaComputeMin = [2]C.int{5, 0}
+
+var RocmComputeMin = 9
+
+// TODO find a better way to detect iGPU instead of minimum memory
+const IGPUMemLimit = 1 * format.GibiByte // 512G is what they typically report, so anything less than 1G must be iGPU
+
+// Jetson devices have JETSON_JETPACK="x.y.z" factory set to the Jetpack version installed.
+// Included to drive logic for reducing Ollama-allocated overhead on L4T/Jetson devices.
+var CudaTegra string = os.Getenv("JETSON_JETPACK")
+
+// Note: gpuMutex must already be held
+func initCudaHandles() *cudaHandles {
+
+	// TODO - if the ollama build is CPU only, don't do these checks as they're irrelevant and confusing
+
+	cHandles := &cudaHandles{}
+	// Short Circuit if we already know which library to use
+	if nvmlLibPath != "" {
+		cHandles.nvml, _ = LoadNVMLMgmt([]string{nvmlLibPath})
+		return cHandles
+	}
+	if nvcudaLibPath != "" {
+		cHandles.deviceCount, cHandles.nvcuda, _ = LoadNVCUDAMgmt([]string{nvcudaLibPath})
+		return cHandles
+	}
+	if cudartLibPath != "" {
+		cHandles.deviceCount, cHandles.cudart, _ = LoadCUDARTMgmt([]string{cudartLibPath})
+		return cHandles
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("searching for GPU discovery libraries for NVIDIA")
+	var cudartMgmtPatterns []string
+
+	// Aligned with driver, we can't carry as payloads
+	nvcudaMgmtPatterns := NvcudaGlobs
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		localAppData := os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")
+		cudartMgmtPatterns = []string{filepath.Join(localAppData, "Programs", "Ollama", CudartMgmtName)}
+	}
+	tmpDir, _ := PayloadsDir()
+	if tmpDir != "" {
+		// TODO - add "payloads" for subprocess
+		cudartMgmtPatterns = []string{filepath.Join(tmpDir, "cuda*", CudartMgmtName)}
+	}
+	cudartMgmtPatterns = append(cudartMgmtPatterns, CudartGlobs...)
+
+	if len(NvmlGlobs) > 0 {
+		nvmlLibPaths := FindGPULibs(NvmlMgmtName, NvmlGlobs)
+		if len(nvmlLibPaths) > 0 {
+			nvml, libPath := LoadNVMLMgmt(nvmlLibPaths)
+			if nvml != nil {
+				slog.Debug("nvidia-ml loaded", "library", libPath)
+				cHandles.nvml = nvml
+				nvmlLibPath = libPath
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	nvcudaLibPaths := FindGPULibs(NvcudaMgmtName, nvcudaMgmtPatterns)
+	if len(nvcudaLibPaths) > 0 {
+		deviceCount, nvcuda, libPath := LoadNVCUDAMgmt(nvcudaLibPaths)
+		if nvcuda != nil {
+			slog.Debug("detected GPUs", "count", deviceCount, "library", libPath)
+			cHandles.nvcuda = nvcuda
+			cHandles.deviceCount = deviceCount
+			nvcudaLibPath = libPath
+			return cHandles
+		}
+	}
+
+	cudartLibPaths := FindGPULibs(CudartMgmtName, cudartMgmtPatterns)
+	if len(cudartLibPaths) > 0 {
+		deviceCount, cudart, libPath := LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths)
+		if cudart != nil {
+			slog.Debug("detected GPUs", "library", libPath, "count", deviceCount)
+			cHandles.cudart = cudart
+			cHandles.deviceCount = deviceCount
+			cudartLibPath = libPath
+			return cHandles
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cHandles
+}
+
+// Note: gpuMutex must already be held
+func initOneAPIHandles() *oneapiHandles {
+	oHandles := &oneapiHandles{}
+
+	// Short Circuit if we already know which library to use
+	if oneapiLibPath != "" {
+		oHandles.deviceCount, oHandles.oneapi, _ = LoadOneapiMgmt([]string{oneapiLibPath})
+		return oHandles
+	}
+
+	oneapiLibPaths := FindGPULibs(OneapiMgmtName, OneapiGlobs)
+	if len(oneapiLibPaths) > 0 {
+		oHandles.deviceCount, oHandles.oneapi, oneapiLibPath = LoadOneapiMgmt(oneapiLibPaths)
+	}
+
+	return oHandles
+}
+
+func GetCPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
+	gpuMutex.Lock()
+	if !bootstrapped {
+		gpuMutex.Unlock()
+		GetGPUInfo()
+	} else {
+		gpuMutex.Unlock()
+	}
+	return GpuInfoList{cpus[0].GpuInfo}
+}
+
+func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
+	// TODO - consider exploring lspci (and equivalent on windows) to check for
+	// GPUs so we can report warnings if we see Nvidia/AMD but fail to load the libraries
+	gpuMutex.Lock()
+	defer gpuMutex.Unlock()
+	needRefresh := true
+	var cHandles *cudaHandles
+	var oHandles *oneapiHandles
+	defer func() {
+		if cHandles != nil {
+			if cHandles.cudart != nil {
+				C.cudart_release(*cHandles.cudart)
+			}
+			if cHandles.nvcuda != nil {
+				C.nvcuda_release(*cHandles.nvcuda)
+			}
+			if cHandles.nvml != nil {
+				C.nvml_release(*cHandles.nvml)
+			}
+		}
+		if oHandles != nil {
+			if oHandles.oneapi != nil {
+				// TODO - is this needed?
+				C.oneapi_release(*oHandles.oneapi)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if !bootstrapped {
+		slog.Debug("Detecting GPUs")
+		needRefresh = false
+		cpuCapability = GetCPUCapability()
+		var memInfo C.mem_info_t
+
+		mem, err := GetCPUMem()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("error looking up system memory", "error", err)
+		}
+		cpus = []CPUInfo{CPUInfo{
+			GpuInfo: GpuInfo{
+				memInfo: mem,
+				Library: "cpu",
+				Variant: cpuCapability,
+				ID:      "0",
+			},
+		}}
+
+		// Fallback to CPU mode if we're lacking required vector extensions on x86
+		if cpuCapability < GPURunnerCPUCapability && runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" {
+			slog.Warn("CPU does not have minimum vector extensions, GPU inference disabled", "required", GPURunnerCPUCapability, "detected", cpuCapability)
+			bootstrapped = true
+			// No need to do any GPU discovery, since we can't run on them
+			return GpuInfoList{cpus[0].GpuInfo}
+		}
+
+		// On windows we bundle the nvidia library one level above the runner dir
+		depPath := ""
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && envconfig.RunnersDir != "" {
+			depPath = filepath.Dir(envconfig.RunnersDir)
+		}
+
+		// Load ALL libraries
+		cHandles = initCudaHandles()
+
+		// NVIDIA
+		for i := range cHandles.deviceCount {
+			if cHandles.cudart != nil || cHandles.nvcuda != nil {
+				gpuInfo := CudaGPUInfo{
+					GpuInfo: GpuInfo{
+						Library: "cuda",
+					},
+					index: i,
+				}
+				var driverMajor int
+				var driverMinor int
+				if cHandles.cudart != nil {
+					C.cudart_bootstrap(*cHandles.cudart, C.int(i), &memInfo)
+				} else {
+					C.nvcuda_bootstrap(*cHandles.nvcuda, C.int(i), &memInfo)
+					driverMajor = int(cHandles.nvcuda.driver_major)
+					driverMinor = int(cHandles.nvcuda.driver_minor)
+				}
+				if memInfo.err != nil {
+					slog.Info("error looking up nvidia GPU memory", "error", C.GoString(memInfo.err))
+					C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
+					continue
+				}
+				if memInfo.major < CudaComputeMin[0] || (memInfo.major == CudaComputeMin[0] && memInfo.minor < CudaComputeMin[1]) {
+					slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] CUDA GPU is too old. Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", i, memInfo.major, memInfo.minor))
+					continue
+				}
+				gpuInfo.TotalMemory = uint64(memInfo.total)
+				gpuInfo.FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+				gpuInfo.ID = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_id[0])
+				gpuInfo.Compute = fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d", memInfo.major, memInfo.minor)
+				gpuInfo.MinimumMemory = cudaMinimumMemory
+				gpuInfo.DependencyPath = depPath
+				gpuInfo.Name = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_name[0])
+				gpuInfo.DriverMajor = driverMajor
+				gpuInfo.DriverMinor = driverMinor
+
+				// TODO potentially sort on our own algorithm instead of what the underlying GPU library does...
+				cudaGPUs = append(cudaGPUs, gpuInfo)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Intel
+		if envconfig.IntelGpu {
+			oHandles = initOneAPIHandles()
+			for d := range oHandles.oneapi.num_drivers {
+				if oHandles.oneapi == nil {
+					// shouldn't happen
+					slog.Warn("nil oneapi handle with driver count", "count", int(oHandles.oneapi.num_drivers))
+					continue
+				}
+				devCount := C.oneapi_get_device_count(*oHandles.oneapi, C.int(d))
+				for i := range devCount {
+					gpuInfo := OneapiGPUInfo{
+						GpuInfo: GpuInfo{
+							Library: "oneapi",
+						},
+						driverIndex: int(d),
+						gpuIndex:    int(i),
+					}
+					// TODO - split bootstrapping from updating free memory
+					C.oneapi_check_vram(*oHandles.oneapi, C.int(d), i, &memInfo)
+					// TODO - convert this to MinimumMemory based on testing...
+					var totalFreeMem float64 = float64(memInfo.free) * 0.95 // work-around: leave some reserve vram for mkl lib used in ggml-sycl backend.
+					memInfo.free = C.uint64_t(totalFreeMem)
+					gpuInfo.TotalMemory = uint64(memInfo.total)
+					gpuInfo.FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+					gpuInfo.ID = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_id[0])
+					gpuInfo.Name = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_name[0])
+					// TODO dependency path?
+					oneapiGPUs = append(oneapiGPUs, gpuInfo)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		rocmGPUs = AMDGetGPUInfo()
+		bootstrapped = true
+	}
+
+	// For detected GPUs, load library if not loaded
+
+	// Refresh free memory usage
+	if needRefresh {
+		mem, err := GetCPUMem()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("error looking up system memory", "error", err)
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("updating system memory data",
+				slog.Group(
+					"before",
+					"total", format.HumanBytes2(cpus[0].TotalMemory),
+					"free", format.HumanBytes2(cpus[0].FreeMemory),
+				),
+				slog.Group(
+					"now",
+					"total", format.HumanBytes2(mem.TotalMemory),
+					"free", format.HumanBytes2(mem.FreeMemory),
+				),
+			)
+			cpus[0].FreeMemory = mem.FreeMemory
+		}
+
+		var memInfo C.mem_info_t
+		if cHandles == nil && len(cudaGPUs) > 0 {
+			cHandles = initCudaHandles()
+		}
+		for i, gpu := range cudaGPUs {
+			if cHandles.nvml != nil {
+				C.nvml_get_free(*cHandles.nvml, C.int(gpu.index), &memInfo.free, &memInfo.total, &memInfo.used)
+			} else if cHandles.cudart != nil {
+				C.cudart_bootstrap(*cHandles.cudart, C.int(gpu.index), &memInfo)
+			} else if cHandles.nvcuda != nil {
+				C.nvcuda_get_free(*cHandles.nvcuda, C.int(gpu.index), &memInfo.free, &memInfo.total)
+				memInfo.used = memInfo.total - memInfo.free
+			} else {
+				// shouldn't happen
+				slog.Warn("no valid cuda library loaded to refresh vram usage")
+				break
+			}
+			if memInfo.err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("error looking up nvidia GPU memory", "error", C.GoString(memInfo.err))
+				C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
+				continue
+			}
+			if memInfo.free == 0 {
+				slog.Warn("error looking up nvidia GPU memory")
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Debug("updating cuda memory data",
+				"gpu", gpu.ID,
+				"name", gpu.Name,
+				slog.Group(
+					"before",
+					"total", format.HumanBytes2(gpu.TotalMemory),
+					"free", format.HumanBytes2(gpu.FreeMemory),
+				),
+				slog.Group(
+					"now",
+					"total", format.HumanBytes2(uint64(memInfo.total)),
+					"free", format.HumanBytes2(uint64(memInfo.free)),
+					"used", format.HumanBytes2(uint64(memInfo.used)),
+				),
+			)
+			cudaGPUs[i].FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+		}
+
+		if oHandles == nil && len(oneapiGPUs) > 0 {
+			oHandles = initOneAPIHandles()
+		}
+		for i, gpu := range oneapiGPUs {
+			if oHandles.oneapi == nil {
+				// shouldn't happen
+				slog.Warn("nil oneapi handle with device count", "count", oHandles.deviceCount)
+				continue
+			}
+			C.oneapi_check_vram(*oHandles.oneapi, C.int(gpu.driverIndex), C.int(gpu.gpuIndex), &memInfo)
+			// TODO - convert this to MinimumMemory based on testing...
+			var totalFreeMem float64 = float64(memInfo.free) * 0.95 // work-around: leave some reserve vram for mkl lib used in ggml-sycl backend.
+			memInfo.free = C.uint64_t(totalFreeMem)
+			oneapiGPUs[i].FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+		}
+
+		err = RocmGPUInfoList(rocmGPUs).RefreshFreeMemory()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("problem refreshing ROCm free memory", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp := []GpuInfo{}
+	for _, gpu := range cudaGPUs {
+		resp = append(resp, gpu.GpuInfo)
+	}
+	for _, gpu := range rocmGPUs {
+		resp = append(resp, gpu.GpuInfo)
+	}
+	for _, gpu := range oneapiGPUs {
+		resp = append(resp, gpu.GpuInfo)
+	}
+	if len(resp) == 0 {
+		resp = append(resp, cpus[0].GpuInfo)
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func FindGPULibs(baseLibName string, defaultPatterns []string) []string {
+	// Multiple GPU libraries may exist, and some may not work, so keep trying until we exhaust them
+	var ldPaths []string
+	var patterns []string
+	gpuLibPaths := []string{}
+	slog.Debug("Searching for GPU library", "name", baseLibName)
+
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		ldPaths = strings.Split(os.Getenv("PATH"), ";")
+	case "linux":
+		ldPaths = strings.Split(os.Getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH"), ":")
+	default:
+		return gpuLibPaths
+	}
+	// Start with whatever we find in the PATH/LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+	for _, ldPath := range ldPaths {
+		d, err := filepath.Abs(ldPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		patterns = append(patterns, filepath.Join(d, baseLibName+"*"))
+	}
+	patterns = append(patterns, defaultPatterns...)
+	slog.Debug("gpu library search", "globs", patterns)
+	for _, pattern := range patterns {
+
+		// Nvidia PhysX known to return bogus results
+		if strings.Contains(pattern, "PhysX") {
+			slog.Debug("skipping PhysX cuda library path", "path", pattern)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Ignore glob discovery errors
+		matches, _ := filepath.Glob(pattern)
+		for _, match := range matches {
+			// Resolve any links so we don't try the same lib multiple times
+			// and weed out any dups across globs
+			libPath := match
+			tmp := match
+			var err error
+			for ; err == nil; tmp, err = os.Readlink(libPath) {
+				if !filepath.IsAbs(tmp) {
+					tmp = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(libPath), tmp)
+				}
+				libPath = tmp
+			}
+			new := true
+			for _, cmp := range gpuLibPaths {
+				if cmp == libPath {
+					new = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if new {
+				gpuLibPaths = append(gpuLibPaths, libPath)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	slog.Debug("discovered GPU libraries", "paths", gpuLibPaths)
+	return gpuLibPaths
+}
+
+func LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths []string) (int, *C.cudart_handle_t, string) {
+	var resp C.cudart_init_resp_t
+	resp.ch.verbose = getVerboseState()
+	for _, libPath := range cudartLibPaths {
+		lib := C.CString(libPath)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
+		C.cudart_init(lib, &resp)
+		if resp.err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("Unable to load cudart", "library", libPath, "error", C.GoString(resp.err))
+			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
+		} else {
+			return int(resp.num_devices), &resp.ch, libPath
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil, ""
+}
+
+func LoadNVCUDAMgmt(nvcudaLibPaths []string) (int, *C.nvcuda_handle_t, string) {
+	var resp C.nvcuda_init_resp_t
+	resp.ch.verbose = getVerboseState()
+	for _, libPath := range nvcudaLibPaths {
+		lib := C.CString(libPath)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
+		C.nvcuda_init(lib, &resp)
+		if resp.err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("Unable to load nvcuda", "library", libPath, "error", C.GoString(resp.err))
+			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
+		} else {
+			return int(resp.num_devices), &resp.ch, libPath
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil, ""
+}
+
+func LoadNVMLMgmt(nvmlLibPaths []string) (*C.nvml_handle_t, string) {
+	var resp C.nvml_init_resp_t
+	resp.ch.verbose = getVerboseState()
+	for _, libPath := range nvmlLibPaths {
+		lib := C.CString(libPath)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
+		C.nvml_init(lib, &resp)
+		if resp.err != nil {
+			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to load NVML management library %s: %s", libPath, C.GoString(resp.err)))
+			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
+		} else {
+			return &resp.ch, libPath
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, ""
+}
+
+func LoadOneapiMgmt(oneapiLibPaths []string) (int, *C.oneapi_handle_t, string) {
+	var resp C.oneapi_init_resp_t
+	num_devices := 0
+	resp.oh.verbose = getVerboseState()
+	for _, libPath := range oneapiLibPaths {
+		lib := C.CString(libPath)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
+		C.oneapi_init(lib, &resp)
+		if resp.err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("Unable to load oneAPI management library", "library", libPath, "error", C.GoString(resp.err))
+			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
+		} else {
+			for i := range resp.oh.num_drivers {
+				num_devices += int(C.oneapi_get_device_count(resp.oh, C.int(i)))
+			}
+			return num_devices, &resp.oh, libPath
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil, ""
+}
+
+func getVerboseState() C.uint16_t {
+	if envconfig.Debug {
+		return C.uint16_t(1)
+	}
+	return C.uint16_t(0)
+}
+
+// Given the list of GPUs this instantiation is targeted for,
+// figure out the visible devices environment variable
+//
+// If different libraries are detected, the first one is what we use
+func (l GpuInfoList) GetVisibleDevicesEnv() (string, string) {
+	if len(l) == 0 {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	switch l[0].Library {
+	case "cuda":
+		return cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv(l)
+	case "rocm":
+		return rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv(l)
+	case "oneapi":
+		return oneapiGetVisibleDevicesEnv(l)
+	default:
+		slog.Debug("no filter required for library " + l[0].Library)
+		return "", ""
+	}
+}

ollama/gpu/gpu_darwin.go

+//go:build darwin
+
+package gpu
+
+/*
+#cgo CFLAGS: -x objective-c
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework Foundation -framework CoreGraphics -framework Metal
+#include "gpu_info_darwin.h"
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+)
+
+const (
+	metalMinimumMemory = 512 * format.MebiByte
+)
+
+func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
+	mem, _ := GetCPUMem()
+	if runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" {
+		return []GpuInfo{
+			{
+				Library: "cpu",
+				Variant: GetCPUCapability(),
+				memInfo: mem,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	info := GpuInfo{
+		Library: "metal",
+		ID:      "0",
+	}
+	info.TotalMemory = uint64(C.getRecommendedMaxVRAM())
+
+	// TODO is there a way to gather actual allocated video memory? (currentAllocatedSize doesn't work)
+	info.FreeMemory = info.TotalMemory
+
+	info.MinimumMemory = metalMinimumMemory
+	return []GpuInfo{info}
+}
+
+func GetCPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
+	mem, _ := GetCPUMem()
+	return []GpuInfo{
+		{
+			Library: "cpu",
+			Variant: GetCPUCapability(),
+			memInfo: mem,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
+	return memInfo{
+		TotalMemory: uint64(C.getPhysicalMemory()),
+		FreeMemory:  0,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (l GpuInfoList) GetVisibleDevicesEnv() (string, string) {
+	// No-op on darwin
+	return "", ""
+}

ollama/gpu/gpu_info.h

+#ifndef __APPLE__
+#ifndef __GPU_INFO_H__
+#define __GPU_INFO_H__
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#define LOAD_LIBRARY(lib, flags) dlopen(lib, flags)
+#define LOAD_SYMBOL(handle, sym) dlsym(handle, sym)
+#define LOAD_ERR() strdup(dlerror())
+#define UNLOAD_LIBRARY(handle) dlclose(handle)
+#else
+#include <windows.h>
+#define LOAD_LIBRARY(lib, flags) LoadLibrary(lib)
+#define LOAD_SYMBOL(handle, sym) GetProcAddress(handle, sym)
+#define UNLOAD_LIBRARY(handle) FreeLibrary(handle)
+#define LOAD_ERR() ({\
+  LPSTR messageBuffer = NULL; \
+  size_t size = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, \
+                                 NULL, GetLastError(), MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), (LPSTR)&messageBuffer, 0, NULL); \
+  char *resp = strdup(messageBuffer); \
+  LocalFree(messageBuffer); \
+  resp; \
+})
+
+#endif
+
+#define LOG(verbose, ...) \
+  do { \
+    if (verbose) { \
+      fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
+    } \
+  } while (0)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define GPU_ID_LEN 64
+#define GPU_NAME_LEN 96
+
+typedef struct mem_info {
+  char *err;  // If non-nill, caller responsible for freeing
+  char gpu_id[GPU_ID_LEN];
+  char gpu_name[GPU_NAME_LEN];
+  uint64_t total;
+  uint64_t free;
+  uint64_t used;
+
+  // Compute Capability
+  int major; 
+  int minor;
+  int patch;
+} mem_info_t;
+
+void cpu_check_ram(mem_info_t *resp);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#include "gpu_info_cudart.h"
+#include "gpu_info_nvcuda.h"
+#include "gpu_info_nvml.h"
+#include "gpu_info_oneapi.h"
+
+#endif  // __GPU_INFO_H__
+#endif  // __APPLE__
\ No newline at end of file

ollama/gpu/gpu_info_cudart.c

+#ifndef __APPLE__  // TODO - maybe consider nvidia support on intel macs?
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include "gpu_info_cudart.h"
+
+void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
+  cudartReturn_t ret;
+  resp->err = NULL;
+  resp->num_devices = 0;
+  const int buflen = 256;
+  char buf[buflen + 1];
+  int i;
+
+  struct lookup {
+    char *s;
+    void **p;
+  } l[] = {
+      {"cudaSetDevice", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaSetDevice},
+      {"cudaDeviceSynchronize", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDeviceSynchronize},
+      {"cudaDeviceReset", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDeviceReset},
+      {"cudaMemGetInfo", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaMemGetInfo},
+      {"cudaGetDeviceCount", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceCount},
+      {"cudaDeviceGetAttribute", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDeviceGetAttribute},
+      {"cudaDriverGetVersion", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDriverGetVersion},
+      {"cudaGetDeviceProperties", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceProperties},
+      {NULL, NULL},
+  };
+
+  resp->ch.handle = LOAD_LIBRARY(cudart_lib_path, RTLD_LAZY);
+  if (!resp->ch.handle) {
+    char *msg = LOAD_ERR();
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "library %s load err: %s\n", cudart_lib_path, msg);
+    snprintf(buf, buflen,
+            "Unable to load %s library to query for Nvidia GPUs: %s",
+            cudart_lib_path, msg);
+    free(msg);
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; l[i].s != NULL; i++) {
+    *l[i].p = LOAD_SYMBOL(resp->ch.handle, l[i].s);
+    if (!l[i].p) {
+      char *msg = LOAD_ERR();
+      LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "dlerr: %s\n", msg);
+      UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
+      resp->ch.handle = NULL;
+      snprintf(buf, buflen, "symbol lookup for %s failed: %s", l[i].s,
+              msg);
+      free(msg);
+      resp->err = strdup(buf);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret = (*resp->ch.cudaSetDevice)(0);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "cudaSetDevice err: %d\n", ret);
+    UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
+    resp->ch.handle = NULL;
+    if (ret == CUDA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER) {
+      resp->err = strdup("your nvidia driver is too old or missing.  If you have a CUDA GPU please upgrade to run ollama");
+      return;
+    }
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart init failure: %d", ret);
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int version = 0;
+  cudartDriverVersion_t driverVersion;
+  driverVersion.major = 0;
+  driverVersion.minor = 0;
+
+  // Report driver version if we're in verbose mode, ignore errors
+  ret = (*resp->ch.cudaDriverGetVersion)(&version);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "cudaDriverGetVersion failed: %d\n", ret);
+  } else {
+    driverVersion.major = version / 1000;
+    driverVersion.minor = (version - (driverVersion.major * 1000)) / 10;
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "CUDA driver version: %d-%d\n", driverVersion.major, driverVersion.minor);
+  }
+
+  ret = (*resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceCount)(&resp->num_devices);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "cudaGetDeviceCount err: %d\n", ret);
+    UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
+    resp->ch.handle = NULL;
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device count: %d", ret);
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+
+void cudart_bootstrap(cudart_handle_t h, int i, mem_info_t *resp) {
+  resp->err = NULL;
+  cudartMemory_t memInfo = {0,0,0};
+  cudartReturn_t ret;
+  const int buflen = 256;
+  char buf[buflen + 1];
+
+  if (h.handle == NULL) {
+    resp->err = strdup("cudart handle isn't initialized");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ret = (*h.cudaSetDevice)(i);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device failed to initialize");
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cudaDeviceProp_t props;
+  ret = (*h.cudaGetDeviceProperties)(&props, i);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] device properties lookup failure: %d\n", i, ret);
+    snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "%d", i);
+    resp->major = 0;
+    resp->minor = 0;
+  } else {
+    int allNull = 1;
+    for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+      if (props.uuid.bytes[j] != 0) {
+        allNull = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (allNull != 0) {
+      snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "%d", i);
+    } else {
+      // GPU-d110a105-ac29-1d54-7b49-9c90440f215b
+      snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN,
+          "GPU-%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
+          props.uuid.bytes[0],
+          props.uuid.bytes[1],
+          props.uuid.bytes[2],
+          props.uuid.bytes[3],
+          props.uuid.bytes[4],
+          props.uuid.bytes[5],
+          props.uuid.bytes[6],
+          props.uuid.bytes[7],
+          props.uuid.bytes[8],
+          props.uuid.bytes[9],
+          props.uuid.bytes[10],
+          props.uuid.bytes[11],
+          props.uuid.bytes[12],
+          props.uuid.bytes[13],
+          props.uuid.bytes[14],
+          props.uuid.bytes[15]
+        );
+    }
+    resp->major = props.major;
+    resp->minor = props.minor;
+
+    // TODO add other useful properties from props
+  }
+  ret = (*h.cudaMemGetInfo)(&memInfo.free, &memInfo.total);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device memory info lookup failure %d", ret);
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  resp->total = memInfo.total;
+  resp->free = memInfo.free;
+  resp->used = memInfo.used;
+
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA usedMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->used);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] Compute Capability %d.%d\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->major, resp->minor);
+}
+
+void cudart_release(cudart_handle_t h) {
+  LOG(h.verbose, "releasing cudart library\n");
+  UNLOAD_LIBRARY(h.handle);
+  h.handle = NULL;
+}
+
+#endif  // __APPLE__
\ No newline at end of file

ollama/gpu/gpu_info_cudart.h

+#ifndef __APPLE__
+#ifndef __GPU_INFO_CUDART_H__
+#define __GPU_INFO_CUDART_H__
+#include "gpu_info.h"
+
+// Just enough typedef's to dlopen/dlsym for memory information
+typedef enum cudartReturn_enum {
+  CUDART_SUCCESS = 0,
+  CUDART_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE = 1,
+  CUDART_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION = 2,
+  CUDART_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER = 35,
+  // Other values omitted for now...
+} cudartReturn_t;
+
+typedef enum cudartDeviceAttr_enum {
+  cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMajor = 75,
+  cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMinor = 76,
+
+  // TODO - not yet wired up but may be useful for Jetson or other
+  // integrated GPU scenarios with shared memory
+  cudaDevAttrIntegrated = 18
+
+} cudartDeviceAttr_t;
+
+typedef void *cudartDevice_t;  // Opaque is sufficient
+typedef struct cudartMemory_st {
+  size_t total;
+  size_t free;
+  size_t used;
+} cudartMemory_t;
+
+typedef struct cudartDriverVersion {
+  int major;
+  int minor;
+} cudartDriverVersion_t;
+
+typedef struct cudaUUID {
+    unsigned char bytes[16];
+} cudaUUID_t;
+typedef struct cudaDeviceProp {
+    char         name[256];                  /**< ASCII string identifying device */
+    cudaUUID_t   uuid;                       /**< 16-byte unique identifier */
+    char         luid[8];                    /**< 8-byte locally unique identifier. Value is undefined on TCC and non-Windows platforms */
+    unsigned int luidDeviceNodeMask;         /**< LUID device node mask. Value is undefined on TCC and non-Windows platforms */
+    size_t       totalGlobalMem;             /**< Global memory available on device in bytes */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerBlock;          /**< Shared memory available per block in bytes */
+    int          regsPerBlock;               /**< 32-bit registers available per block */
+    int          warpSize;                   /**< Warp size in threads */
+    size_t       memPitch;                   /**< Maximum pitch in bytes allowed by memory copies */
+    int          maxThreadsPerBlock;         /**< Maximum number of threads per block */
+    int          maxThreadsDim[3];           /**< Maximum size of each dimension of a block */
+    int          maxGridSize[3];             /**< Maximum size of each dimension of a grid */
+    int          clockRate;                  /**< Clock frequency in kilohertz */
+    size_t       totalConstMem;              /**< Constant memory available on device in bytes */
+    int          major;                      /**< Major compute capability */
+    int          minor;                      /**< Minor compute capability */
+    size_t       textureAlignment;           /**< Alignment requirement for textures */
+    size_t       texturePitchAlignment;      /**< Pitch alignment requirement for texture references bound to pitched memory */
+    int          deviceOverlap;              /**< Device can concurrently copy memory and execute a kernel. Deprecated. Use instead asyncEngineCount. */
+    int          multiProcessorCount;        /**< Number of multiprocessors on device */
+    int          kernelExecTimeoutEnabled;   /**< Specified whether there is a run time limit on kernels */
+    int          integrated;                 /**< Device is integrated as opposed to discrete */
+    int          canMapHostMemory;           /**< Device can map host memory with cudaHostAlloc/cudaHostGetDevicePointer */
+    int          computeMode;                /**< Compute mode (See ::cudaComputeMode) */
+    int          maxTexture1D;               /**< Maximum 1D texture size */
+    int          maxTexture1DMipmap;         /**< Maximum 1D mipmapped texture size */
+    int          maxTexture1DLinear;         /**< Deprecated, do not use. Use cudaDeviceGetTexture1DLinearMaxWidth() or cuDeviceGetTexture1DLinearMaxWidth() instead. */
+    int          maxTexture2D[2];            /**< Maximum 2D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DMipmap[2];      /**< Maximum 2D mipmapped texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DLinear[3];      /**< Maximum dimensions (width, height, pitch) for 2D textures bound to pitched memory */
+    int          maxTexture2DGather[2];      /**< Maximum 2D texture dimensions if texture gather operations have to be performed */
+    int          maxTexture3D[3];            /**< Maximum 3D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture3DAlt[3];         /**< Maximum alternate 3D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTextureCubemap;          /**< Maximum Cubemap texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture1DLayered[2];     /**< Maximum 1D layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DLayered[3];     /**< Maximum 2D layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTextureCubemapLayered[2];/**< Maximum Cubemap layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface1D;               /**< Maximum 1D surface size */
+    int          maxSurface2D[2];            /**< Maximum 2D surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface3D[3];            /**< Maximum 3D surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface1DLayered[2];     /**< Maximum 1D layered surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface2DLayered[3];     /**< Maximum 2D layered surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurfaceCubemap;          /**< Maximum Cubemap surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurfaceCubemapLayered[2];/**< Maximum Cubemap layered surface dimensions */
+    size_t       surfaceAlignment;           /**< Alignment requirements for surfaces */
+    int          concurrentKernels;          /**< Device can possibly execute multiple kernels concurrently */
+    int          ECCEnabled;                 /**< Device has ECC support enabled */
+    int          pciBusID;                   /**< PCI bus ID of the device */
+    int          pciDeviceID;                /**< PCI device ID of the device */
+    int          pciDomainID;                /**< PCI domain ID of the device */
+    int          tccDriver;                  /**< 1 if device is a Tesla device using TCC driver, 0 otherwise */
+    int          asyncEngineCount;           /**< Number of asynchronous engines */
+    int          unifiedAddressing;          /**< Device shares a unified address space with the host */
+    int          memoryClockRate;            /**< Peak memory clock frequency in kilohertz */
+    int          memoryBusWidth;             /**< Global memory bus width in bits */
+    int          l2CacheSize;                /**< Size of L2 cache in bytes */
+    int          persistingL2CacheMaxSize;   /**< Device's maximum l2 persisting lines capacity setting in bytes */
+    int          maxThreadsPerMultiProcessor;/**< Maximum resident threads per multiprocessor */
+    int          streamPrioritiesSupported;  /**< Device supports stream priorities */
+    int          globalL1CacheSupported;     /**< Device supports caching globals in L1 */
+    int          localL1CacheSupported;      /**< Device supports caching locals in L1 */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerMultiprocessor; /**< Shared memory available per multiprocessor in bytes */
+    int          regsPerMultiprocessor;      /**< 32-bit registers available per multiprocessor */
+    int          managedMemory;              /**< Device supports allocating managed memory on this system */
+    int          isMultiGpuBoard;            /**< Device is on a multi-GPU board */
+    int          multiGpuBoardGroupID;       /**< Unique identifier for a group of devices on the same multi-GPU board */
+    int          hostNativeAtomicSupported;  /**< Link between the device and the host supports native atomic operations */
+    int          singleToDoublePrecisionPerfRatio; /**< Ratio of single precision performance (in floating-point operations per second) to double precision performance */
+    int          pageableMemoryAccess;       /**< Device supports coherently accessing pageable memory without calling cudaHostRegister on it */
+    int          concurrentManagedAccess;    /**< Device can coherently access managed memory concurrently with the CPU */
+    int          computePreemptionSupported; /**< Device supports Compute Preemption */
+    int          canUseHostPointerForRegisteredMem; /**< Device can access host registered memory at the same virtual address as the CPU */
+    int          cooperativeLaunch;          /**< Device supports launching cooperative kernels via ::cudaLaunchCooperativeKernel */
+    int          cooperativeMultiDeviceLaunch; /**< Deprecated, cudaLaunchCooperativeKernelMultiDevice is deprecated. */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerBlockOptin;     /**< Per device maximum shared memory per block usable by special opt in */
+    int          pageableMemoryAccessUsesHostPageTables; /**< Device accesses pageable memory via the host's page tables */
+    int          directManagedMemAccessFromHost; /**< Host can directly access managed memory on the device without migration. */
+    int          maxBlocksPerMultiProcessor; /**< Maximum number of resident blocks per multiprocessor */
+    int          accessPolicyMaxWindowSize;  /**< The maximum value of ::cudaAccessPolicyWindow::num_bytes. */
+    size_t       reservedSharedMemPerBlock;  /**< Shared memory reserved by CUDA driver per block in bytes */
+  } cudaDeviceProp_t;
+
+typedef struct cudart_handle {
+  void *handle;
+  uint16_t verbose;
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaSetDevice)(int device);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaDeviceSynchronize)(void);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaDeviceReset)(void);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaMemGetInfo)(size_t *, size_t *);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaGetDeviceCount)(int *);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaDeviceGetAttribute)(int* value, cudartDeviceAttr_t attr, int device);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaDriverGetVersion) (int *driverVersion);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaGetDeviceProperties) (cudaDeviceProp_t* prop, int device);
+} cudart_handle_t;
+
+typedef struct cudart_init_resp {
+  char *err;  // If err is non-null handle is invalid
+  cudart_handle_t ch;
+  int num_devices;
+} cudart_init_resp_t;
+
+void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp);
+void cudart_bootstrap(cudart_handle_t ch, int device_id, mem_info_t *resp);
+// TODO - if we keep this library longer term, add cudart_get_free
+void cudart_release(cudart_handle_t ch);
+
+#endif  // __GPU_INFO_CUDART_H__
+#endif  // __APPLE__