---
id: model-benchmarks
---

# Model Benchmarks

## PyTorch Model Benchmarks

### `model-benchmarks`

#### Introduction

Run training or inference tasks with single or half precision for deep learning models,
including the following categories:
* GPT: gpt2-small, gpt2-medium, gpt2-large and gpt2-xl
* LLAMA: llama2-7b, llama2-13b, llama2-70b
* MoE: mixtral-8x7b, mixtral-8x22b
* BERT: bert-base and bert-large
* LSTM
* CNN, listed in [`torchvision.models`](https://pytorch.org/vision/0.8/models.html), including:
  * resnet: resnet18, resnet34, resnet50, resnet101, resnet152
  * resnext: resnext50_32x4d, resnext101_32x8d
  * wide_resnet: wide_resnet50_2, wide_resnet101_2
  * densenet: densenet121, densenet169, densenet201, densenet161
  * vgg: vgg11, vgg11_bn, vgg13, vgg13_bn, vgg16, vgg16_bn, vgg19_bn, vgg19
  * mnasnet: mnasnet0_5, mnasnet0_75, mnasnet1_0, mnasnet1_3
  * mobilenet: mobilenet_v2
  * shufflenet: shufflenet_v2_x0_5, shufflenet_v2_x1_0, shufflenet_v2_x1_5, shufflenet_v2_x2_0
  * squeezenet: squeezenet1_0, squeezenet1_1
  * others: alexnet, googlenet, inception_v3

For inference, supported percentiles include
50<sup>th</sup>, 90<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup>, 99<sup>th</sup>, and 99.9<sup>th</sup>.

**New: Support fp8_hybrid and fp8_e4m3 precision for BERT models.**

**New: Deterministic Training Support**
SuperBench now supports deterministic training to ensure reproducibility across runs. This includes fixed seeds and deterministic algorithms. To enable deterministic training, use the following flags:

- **Flags:**
  - `--enable_determinism`: Enables deterministic computation for reproducible results.
  - `--deterministic_seed <seed>`: Sets the seed for reproducibility (default: 42).
  - `--check_frequency <steps>`: How often to record deterministic metrics (default: 100).

- **Environment Variables (set automatically by SuperBench when `--enable_determinism` is used):**
  - `CUBLAS_WORKSPACE_CONFIG=:4096:8`: Ensures deterministic behavior in cuBLAS. This can be overridden by setting it manually before running SuperBench.

**Comparing Deterministic Results**

To compare deterministic results between runs, use the standard result analysis workflow:

1. Run benchmark with `--enable_determinism` flag
2. Generate baseline: `sb result generate-baseline --data-file results.jsonl --summary-rule-file rules.yaml`
3. Compare future runs: `sb result diagnosis --data-file new-results.jsonl --rule-file diagnosis-rule.yaml --baseline-file baseline.json`

This allows configurable tolerance for floating-point differences via YAML rules.

**Configuration Parameter Validation**

When determinism is enabled, benchmark configuration parameters (batch_size, num_steps, deterministic_seed, etc.) are automatically recorded in the results file as `deterministic_config_*` metrics. The diagnosis rules enforce exact matching of these parameters between runs to ensure valid comparisons:

If any configuration parameter differs between runs, the diagnosis will flag it as a failure, ensuring you only compare runs with identical configurations.

**Summary Rule Snippet for Determinism**

Include the following rule in your summary rule file (used with `sb result summary` or `sb result generate-baseline --summary-rule-file`) to surface deterministic metrics in the results summary:

```yaml
superbench:
  rules:
    model-benchmarks-deterministic:
      statistics:
        - mean
      categories: Deterministic
      metrics:
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_loss.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_act_mean.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_check_count.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_step.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/return_code.*
```

This groups all deterministic outputs — loss fingerprints, activation means, check counts, step numbers, configuration parameters, and return codes — under the **Deterministic** category.

**Diagnosis Rule Snippet for Determinism**

Include the following rules in your diagnosis rule file (used with `sb result diagnosis` or `sb result generate-baseline --diagnosis-rule-file`) to detect Silent Data Corruption (SDC) and validate configuration consistency:

```yaml
superbench:
  rules:
    deterministic_rule:
      function: variance
      criteria: "lambda x: x != 0"
      categories: SDC-Fingerprint
      metrics:
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_loss.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_act_mean.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_check_count.*

    deterministic_config_rule:
      function: variance
      criteria: "lambda x: x != 0"
      categories: SDC-Config
      metrics:
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_batch_size.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_steps.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_warmup.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_deterministic_seed.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_check_frequency.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_seq_len.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_hidden_size.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_classes.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_input_size.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_layers.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_hidden_layers.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_num_attention_heads.*
        - model-benchmarks:.*/deterministic_config_intermediate_size.*

    deterministic_failure_rule:
      function: failure_check
      criteria: "lambda x: x != 0"
      categories: SDC-Failed
      metrics:
        - model-benchmarks:.*/return_code
```

- **SDC-Fingerprint** (`deterministic_rule`): Flags any node where loss, activation mean, or check count has *any* variance from baseline (`x != 0`), indicating a potential SDC issue.
- **SDC-Config** (`deterministic_config_rule`): Ensures all determinism configuration parameters (seed, batch size, sequence length, hidden size, etc.) are identical across nodes — any mismatch means the comparison is invalid.
- **SDC-Failed** (`deterministic_failure_rule`): Uses `failure_check` to catch nodes where the determinism benchmark failed to run or returned a non-zero exit code.

For complete rule files covering all benchmark categories (micro-benchmarks, NCCL, GPU copy bandwidth, NVBandwidth, etc.), refer to the rule file documentation in [Result Summary](../result-summary.md) and [Data Diagnosis](../data-diagnosis.md).

#### Metrics

| Name                                                                                    | Unit                   | Description                                                                  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_train_step_time                     | time (ms)              | The average training step time with fp32/fp16 precision.                     |
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_train_throughput                    | throughput (samples/s) | The average training throughput with fp32/fp16 precision per GPU.            |
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_inference_step_time                 | time (ms)              | The average inference step time with fp32/fp16 precision.                    |
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_inference_throughput                | throughput (samples/s) | The average inference throughput with fp32/fp16 precision.                   |
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_inference_step_time\_${percentile}  | time (ms)              | The n<sup>th</sup> percentile inference step time with fp32/fp16 precision.  |
| model-benchmarks/pytorch-${model_name}/${precision}_inference_throughput\_${percentile} | throughput (samples/s) | The n<sup>th</sup> percentile inference throughput with fp32/fp16 precision. |


## Megatron Model benchmarks

### `megatron-gpt`

#### Introduction

Run GPT pretrain tasks with float32, float16, bfloat16 precisions with [Megatron-LM](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM) or [Megatron-DeepSpeed](https://github.com/microsoft/Megatron-DeepSpeed).

`tips: batch_size in this benchmark represents global batch size, the batch size on each GPU instance is micro_batch_size.`

#### Metrics
| Name                                              | Unit                   | Description                                             |
|---------------------------------------------------|------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| megatron-gpt/${precision}_train_step_time         | time (ms)              | The average training step time per iteration.           |
| megatron-gpt/${precision}_train_throughput        | throughput (samples/s) | The average training throughput per iteration.          |
| megatron-gpt/${precision}_train_tflops            | tflops/s               | The average training tflops per second per iteration.   |
| megatron-gpt/${precision}_train_mem_allocated     | GB                     | The average GPU memory allocated per iteration.         |
| megatron-gpt/${precision}_train_max_mem_allocated | GB                     | The average maximum GPU memory allocated per iteration. |