#ifndef LIGHTGBM_UTILS_RANDOM_H_
#define LIGHTGBM_UTILS_RANDOM_H_

#include <cstdint>

#include <random>
#include <vector>

namespace LightGBM {

/*!
* \brief A wrapper for random generator
*/
class Random {
public:
  /*!
  * \brief Constructor, with random seed
  */
  Random() 
    :distribution_zero_to_one_(0.0, 1.0) {
    std::random_device rd;
    generator_ = std::mt19937(rd());
  }
  /*!
  * \brief Constructor, with specific seed
  */
  Random(int seed)
    :generator_(seed), distribution_zero_to_one_(0.0, 1.0) {
  }
  /*!
  * \brief Generate random integer
  * \param lower_bound lower bound
  * \param upper_bound upper bound
  * \return The random integer between [lower_bound, upper_bound)
  */
  inline int64_t NextInt(int64_t lower_bound, int64_t upper_bound) {
    // get random interge in [a,b)
    std::uniform_int_distribution<int64_t> distribution(lower_bound, upper_bound - 1);
    return distribution(generator_);
  }
  /*!
  * \brief Generate random float data
  * \return The random float between [0.0, 1.0)
  */
  inline double NextDouble() {
    // get random float in [0,1)
    return distribution_zero_to_one_(generator_);
  }
  /*!
  * \brief Sample K data from {0,1,...,N-1}
  * \param N
  * \param K
  * \return K Ordered sampled data from {0,1,...,N-1}
  */
  inline std::vector<size_t> Sample(size_t N, size_t K) {
    std::vector<size_t> ret;
    if (K > N || K < 0) {
      return ret;
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
      double prob = (K - ret.size()) / static_cast<double>(N - i);
      if (NextDouble() < prob) {
        ret.push_back(i);
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }
private:
  /*! \brief Random generator */
  std::mt19937 generator_;
  /*! \brief Cache distribution for [0.0, 1.0) */
  std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution_zero_to_one_;
};

}  // namespace LightGBM

#endif   // LightGBM_UTILS_RANDOM_H_
